地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件

第二章預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)第一節(jié)預(yù)處理數(shù)據(jù)解編二、道編輯、野外觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)定義第二節(jié)真振幅恢復(fù)波前擴(kuò)散能量補(bǔ)償、地層吸收能量補(bǔ)償?shù)诙骂A(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)1第一節(jié)預(yù)處理數(shù)據(jù)解編(1)野外數(shù)據(jù)格式SEG-D②時(shí)序(2)解編:將時(shí)序變?yōu)榈佬?3)解編后數(shù)據(jù)格式:SEG→Y地震資料數(shù)字處理輸入/輸出均為SEGY第一節(jié)預(yù)處理2sEG_Y格式卷頭{4字節(jié)/字共100字)道頭{4字節(jié)/字共60字):40行說(shuō)名信息(80字符/行,共3200卷頭信息共400字節(jié))第一道的道頭信息(共240字節(jié))第一道的地震數(shù)據(jù)常為BM浮點(diǎn)格式)第二道的道頭信息(共240字節(jié))第二道的地震常為BM浮點(diǎn)格式)ENDOfFile(EOFsEG_Y格式3第一節(jié)預(yù)處理二、道編輯(TraceEditing)去廢炮、廢道、極性反轉(zhuǎn)、異常值剔除可以在定義觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)之后,利用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行道編輯。·在ProMax中可用如下方法進(jìn)行道編輯°TraceKil|UsingTraceStatistics(道統(tǒng)計(jì)/道估計(jì))TraceKillPercentagesUsingEnsembleStatistics(道集統(tǒng)計(jì))第一節(jié)預(yù)處理4不合格記錄合格記錄600G0O200同一個(gè)點(diǎn)不同井深的兩炮記錄KeM不合格記錄5環(huán)境折射波測(cè)刪)聲波機(jī)械振動(dòng)-3000面波然環(huán)境6TraceKillUsingTraceStatisticsTraceStatisticscalculatesuptoeightdifferentstatisticswithinaspecifiedwindowoneachinputtrace①Averagetraceenergy②Averagefirstbreak(初至波)energy③Averagepre-firstbreak(前初至)energy4)Averagepre-firstbreakfrequency⑤Spikiness(脈沖):theratioofmaximummagnitudesampletotracesignalamplitude⑥D(zhuǎn)ominantfrequency(主頻)basedonacountofzerocrossingswithinasignalwindow⑦Frequencydeviation(頻率偏差)basedonstatisticalscatter(離散)ffrequencyestimate⑧Estimatedtraceenergydecayrate(能量衰減率),indb如:TRCAMPL:0-6e27AMPDECAY:-190-+80db/secFRQPEAK:26-125HzTraceKillUsingTraceStatist7第一節(jié)預(yù)處理、野外觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)定義一最基礎(chǔ)、最重要的工作。將炮點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)(x,yz)、井深、檢波點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)(xyz)埋深、nine,cross-ine、等信息寫(xiě)入道頭,以便抽取各種道集(共炮點(diǎn)、共接收點(diǎn)、共中心點(diǎn)、共偏移距)要用到的資料:采集班報(bào)、測(cè)量資料、低速帶資料、觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)、靜校正數(shù)據(jù)、SPS文件等資料。SPS文件中的部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù):第一節(jié)預(yù)處理8埋深靜校正量R92L1124321326543,22529862.9107,3113071245R911W1122a833.5107.4113071245R91LW11242341G326624.12528804.4107.5113071245R91Lw1124326664.62528774.8107.611307124R91LW1124326705528745.3107.711307124326745.42528716,0107,911307124R91LW112326785.92528686.5108.0113071245R91LR11242391G1326826,32528657,3107,911307124326866.82528627.8107.8113071240.0326907,32528598,3107,7113071245R91LW1124431c26988.22529539.5107.5113071245R91N1124327028.62528510,3107,411307124R91IW1124R911W11249_LW11240.000327069,0252a480,8107,3113071245327109.52528451.5107.3113071245327150.02528422.0107.7113071245327190.42528392.8108,2113071245R91LN1124501G3272719333.8109.1113071245R91LN1124511G327311.82528304.5109,61130712452528275,0110,0113071242T3307124111:08216,3/11.011071245線號(hào)接收點(diǎn)樁號(hào)檢波器X坐標(biāo)高程埋深9可控震源591TW11170.010326177.32529912.5106.6113071245326217.823106.7113071451W1119S911W1121s91W1123000005000326287.62528894.3106.811307161326257.52528905.3106.911307204326427.32528916.5107.011307251226467.82528887.0107.1113073445591Tw1121326478.82528617.3107,2113073612S91LW1119326489.92528747,31041130745191LW11172331V1326500.92528677.5107.611307480326541.42528648.0107.6113075022351v326611.32528659.3107.6113075510326581.12528670.3107.6113080112107.日113080310TN11232.0108.811306050炮線號(hào)炮點(diǎn)樁號(hào)Y坐標(biāo)可控震源10地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件11地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件12地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件13地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件14地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件15地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件16地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件17地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件18地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件19地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件20地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件21地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件22地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件23地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件24地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件25地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件26地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件27地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件28地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件29地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件30地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件31地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件32地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件33地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件34地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件35地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件36地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件37地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件38地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件39地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件40地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件41地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件42地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件43地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件44地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件45地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件46第二章預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)第一節(jié)預(yù)處理數(shù)據(jù)解編二、道編輯、野外觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)定義第二節(jié)真振幅恢復(fù)波前擴(kuò)散能量補(bǔ)償、地層吸收能量補(bǔ)償?shù)诙骂A(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)47第一節(jié)預(yù)處理數(shù)據(jù)解編(1)野外數(shù)據(jù)格式SEG-D②時(shí)序(2)解編:將時(shí)序變?yōu)榈佬?3)解編后數(shù)據(jù)格式:SEG→Y地震資料數(shù)字處理輸入/輸出均為SEGY第一節(jié)預(yù)處理48sEG_Y格式卷頭{4字節(jié)/字共100字)道頭{4字節(jié)/字共60字):40行說(shuō)名信息(80字符/行,共3200卷頭信息共400字節(jié))第一道的道頭信息(共240字節(jié))第一道的地震數(shù)據(jù)常為BM浮點(diǎn)格式)第二道的道頭信息(共240字節(jié))第二道的地震常為BM浮點(diǎn)格式)ENDOfFile(EOFsEG_Y格式49第一節(jié)預(yù)處理二、道編輯(TraceEditing)去廢炮、廢道、極性反轉(zhuǎn)、異常值剔除可以在定義觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)之后,利用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行道編輯?！ぴ赑roMax中可用如下方法進(jìn)行道編輯°TraceKil|UsingTraceStatistics(道統(tǒng)計(jì)/道估計(jì))TraceKillPercentagesUsingEnsembleStatistics(道集統(tǒng)計(jì))第一節(jié)預(yù)處理50不合格記錄合格記錄600G0O200同一個(gè)點(diǎn)不同井深的兩炮記錄KeM不合格記錄51環(huán)境折射波測(cè)刪)聲波機(jī)械振動(dòng)-3000面波然環(huán)境52TraceKillUsingTraceStatisticsTraceStatisticscalculatesuptoeightdifferentstatisticswithinaspecifiedwindowoneachinputtrace①Averagetraceenergy②Averagefirstbreak(初至波)energy③Averagepre-firstbreak(前初至)energy4)Averagepre-firstbreakfrequency⑤Spikiness(脈沖):theratioofmaximummagnitudesampletotracesignalamplitude⑥D(zhuǎn)ominantfrequency(主頻)basedonacountofzerocrossingswithinasignalwindow⑦Frequencydeviation(頻率偏差)basedonstatisticalscatter(離散)ffrequencyestimate⑧Estimatedtraceenergydecayrate(能量衰減率),indb如:TRCAMPL:0-6e27AMPDECAY:-190-+80db/secFRQPEAK:26-125HzTraceKillUsingTraceStatist53第一節(jié)預(yù)處理、野外觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)定義一最基礎(chǔ)、最重要的工作。將炮點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)(x,yz)、井深、檢波點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)(xyz)埋深、nine,cross-ine、等信息寫(xiě)入道頭,以便抽取各種道集(共炮點(diǎn)、共接收點(diǎn)、共中心點(diǎn)、共偏移距)要用到的資料:采集班報(bào)、測(cè)量資料、低速帶資料、觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)、靜校正數(shù)據(jù)、SPS文件等資料。SPS文件中的部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù):第一節(jié)預(yù)處理54埋深靜校正量R92L1124321326543,22529862.9107,3113071245R911W1122a833.5107.4113071245R91LW11242341G326624.12528804.4107.5113071245R91Lw1124326664.62528774.8107.611307124R91LW1124326705528745.3107.711307124326745.42528716,0107,911307124R91LW112326785.92528686.5108.0113071245R91LR11242391G1326826,32528657,3107,911307124326866.82528627.8107.8113071240.0326907,32528598,3107,7113071245R91LW1124431c26988.22529539.5107.5113071245R91N1124327028.62528510,3107,411307124R91IW1124R911W11249_LW11240.000327069,0252a480,8107,3113071245327109.52528451.5107.3113071245327150.02528422.0107.7113071245327190.42528392.8108,2113071245R91LN1124501G3272719333.8109.1113071245R91LN1124511G327311.82528304.5109,61130712452528275,0110,0113071242T3307124111:08216,3/11.011071245線號(hào)接收點(diǎn)樁號(hào)檢波器X坐標(biāo)高程埋深55可控震源591TW11170.010326177.32529912.5106.6113071245326217.823106.7113071451W1119S911W1121s91W1123000005000326287.62528894.3106.811307161326257.52528905.3106.911307204326427.32528916.5107.011307251226467.82528887.0107.1113073445591Tw1121326478.82528617.3107,2113073612S91LW1119326489.92528747,31041130745191LW11172331V1326500.92528677.5107.611307480326541.42528648.0107.6113075022351v326611.32528659.3107.6113075510326581.12528670.3107.6113080112107.日113080310TN11232.0108.811306050炮線號(hào)炮點(diǎn)樁號(hào)Y坐標(biāo)可控震源56地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件57地震數(shù)據(jù)處理預(yù)處理及真振幅恢復(fù)課件