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組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)第一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)組織學(xué)與1LearningObjectives
Thecompositionofblood(血液).
Thestructure,functionandnormalvalues(正常值)oftheformedelementsofblood(血液有形成分).Hematopoiesis(血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生).
Thehematopoietictissue(造血組織)andthehematopoieticstemcells(造血干細(xì)胞).Theproductionandsignificanceoflymph(淋巴).第二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/32LearningObjectivesThecompos*aspecializedformofC.T.*acirculatingtissue*asatransportingmedium*atotalvolumeabout5litersin healthadultINTRODUCTION第三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/33*aspecializedformofC.T.INComponentsofblood血液的組成成分
*Formedelements------bloodcells(45%)
*Intercellularsubstance------plasma(55%)
Erythrocytes紅細(xì)胞 Leukocytes白細(xì)胞 Platelets血小板H2O(90%)Plasmaproteins:albumin白蛋白,globulin球蛋白,fibrinogen纖維蛋白原,etc.Others:第四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/34Componentsofblood血液的組成成分*血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-------
plasmaLeukocytes+Platelets
--------Erythrocyte(Redbloodcell)anticoagulant(heparin)
抗凝劑(肝素)
第五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/35血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-----血塊、血清—Serum血清
—withoutanticoagulant
Clotting無纖維蛋白原第六頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/36血塊、血清—Serum血清—withoutantico血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞:男(4.0—5.5)×1012/L
;女(3.5—5.0)×1012/L(350-500萬個(gè)/ul)白細(xì)胞(4.0—10)×109
/L或4千-1萬個(gè)/ul血小板(100—300)×109
/L
(或10-30萬個(gè)/ul)
有粒白細(xì)胞
無粒白細(xì)胞中性粒細(xì)胞50-70%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞0.5-3%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞0-1%淋巴細(xì)胞25-30%單核細(xì)胞3-8%血液有形成分正常值血象(hemogram):血細(xì)胞的形態(tài)、數(shù)量、百分比及血紅蛋白的含量.血象是臨床疾病診斷、治療的重要指標(biāo)。第七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/37血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞:男(4.0—5.5)×1012/L;Wright染色法(瑞特染色法):染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)組成。與酸性染料伊紅結(jié)合,染粉紅色;與堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)結(jié)合,染紫藍(lán)色。
Giemsa染色法(吉姆薩染色法):吉姆薩染液由伊紅,天青組成。
血涂片bloodsmear:觀察血細(xì)胞形態(tài)染色方法:Wright或Giemsa染色第八頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/38Wright染色法(瑞特染色法):染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性一、紅細(xì)胞(erythrocyte,redbloodcell,RBC)
1.結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)2.血型3.功能4.壽命5.網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞第九頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/39一、紅細(xì)胞(erythrocyte,redbloodceMatureErythrocyte
*biconcavediscshape,
providing
greatersurfacearea;
*nonucleusandorganelles;
*
Hemoglobin(Hb
);
*deformability.SEMSize:
7.5~8.5μm(diameter)Number:
Male:4.2~5.5×1012/L(Hb:120~150g/L) Female:3.5~5.0×1012/L(Hb:110~140g/L)第十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/310MatureErythrocyteSEMSize:7.第十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/311第十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/3112.ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng):紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原
A型:有A型抗原
B型:有B型抗原
O型:無A型、B型抗原
AB型:有A型、B型抗原3.功能:
紅細(xì)胞具有攜帶O2和CO2的功能,由血紅蛋白執(zhí)行。4.壽命:紅細(xì)胞的平均壽命約為120天。溶血(hemolysis)血影(erythrocyteghost):溶血后殘留的紅細(xì)胞膜囊。第十二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/3122.ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng):紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原3.功能:紅細(xì)
*notfullymatureRBC*0.51%ofatotalnumberofRBC*nonucleus*ribosomalRNAremnants(netlikestructure)*remainingHbsynthesis*ClinicsignificanceReticulocyte網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞
第十三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/313*notfullymatureRBCReticu
PathologicalconditionsNumberSizeShapeHbAnemia貧血
Erythrocytosis紅細(xì)胞增多癥
Spherocytosis;SicklecellanemiaThalassemia(地中海貧血)Large/smallcellanemia第十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/314 PathologicalconditionsAnemia
Sickle-cellanemiaisapainfuldiseaseinwhichRBCsbecomecrescentshapedduetoinheritanceofanabnormaltypeofhemoglobin.SickledRBCsbreakdown,releasinghemoglobinintothecirculation.第十五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/315
NormalRBCSickledRBC鐮狀第十六頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/316NormalRBC第十七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/317第十七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/317Typically,theaffectedRBCsaresmall,sphericallyshaped,andlackthelightcentersseeninnormalRBCs.
Spherocytosis第十八頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/318Typically,theaffectedRBCsaGeneralcharacteristicofleukocytes
*sphericalshape *possesnuclei *presenceoforganelles *atotalnumberlessthanthatoferythrocytes*exhibitingamoeboidmovement *involvinginbodydefensesandimmunity二、白細(xì)胞(leukocyte,whitebloodcell,WBC)第十九頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/319Generalcharacteristicofleuk
第二十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/320第二十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/32Classification *Granularleukocytes有粒白細(xì)胞 neutrophils5070%中性粒細(xì)胞 eosinophils0.53%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞 basophils01%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞 *Agranularleukocytes無粒白細(xì)胞 lymphocytes2530%淋巴細(xì)胞 monocytes38%單核細(xì)胞第二十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/321Classification第二十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三
Neutrophil
Size:1012μm(diameter)
Morphology形態(tài)
nucleus:highlymorphonuclear
rod-like
2-3lobulated 4-5lobulated young old
cytoplasm:
specificgranules:80%,small azurophilicgranules:20%,lysosome溶酶體
Neutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞
(嗜天青顆粒)第二十二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/322NeutrophilNeutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖(示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老)第二十三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/323中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖(示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老)第二中性粒細(xì)胞(血涂片)NeutrophilsLobulatednuclei
Rod-likenucleusazurophilicgranules*fine,uniform細(xì)膩,均勻
*evenlydistributed*pinkstainingCharateristicsofspecificgranules:第二十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/324中性粒細(xì)胞(血涂片)NeutrophilsLobulatSpecificgranules(80%,samll)contain:alkalinephosphatase堿性磷酸酶
*Phagocytin吞噬素*lysozyme
溶菌酶AzurophilicG.(large,less)containing:acidphosphatase酸性磷酸酶*
Peroxidase過氧化物酶Neutrophil(EM)第二十五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/325Specificgranules(80%,samll)FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)趨化性:Attractedbychemotacticfactor(releasedbymacrophages)Phagocytosis&destroybacteria:
吞噬和殺滅細(xì)菌
thenumberofleukocytes↑
acute
the%ofneutrophils↑
bacteriainfection
第二十六頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/326FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)Size:
1012μm(diameter)LM:nucleus:
lobulated;Sorirregular; obscuredoutlinecytoplasm:basophilicgranules
*variablesize*unevendistribution*strongbasophiliaCharacteristicBasophil嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞第二十七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/327Size:1012μm(diameter)*
Basophil
E.M.:
Basophilicgranulescontain:*heparin*
histamineF.N.:
*
anticoagulate*
responsibletoallergicreactionnucleus第二十八頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/328BasophilE.M.:nucleus第二十八頁(yè),Size:1015μm(diameter)LM: -usuallybilobednucleus-eosinophilicgranules
*strongeosinophilia(reddish) *coarseandrefractile
*uniformsizeandevenlydistributedEosinophils嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞Characteristic第二十九頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/329Size:1015μm(diameter) *s(電鏡)
Eosinophilicgranules(primarylysosomes)whichcontainsubstances:
*acidphosphatase *arylsulphatase芳基硫酸酯酶 *Peroxidase *histaminase組胺酶nucleusEosinophilicgranules
withcrystalloidinthecenter(EM)第三十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/330(電鏡) Eosinophilicgranules(pFunctionChemotaxis(趨化性)
attractedbychemotacticfactorfromthemastcellsPhagocytize(吞噬)
foreignbodies,Ag-AbcomplexAnti-allergy(抗過敏)
Releasehistaminase,inactivatehistamineforweakeningallergicreactionAnti-parasite
(抗寄生蟲)
Itisincreasedinpatientsinfectedw/allergicreactionorparasite
第三十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/331FunctionChemotaxis(趨化性)第三十一頁(yè),編Neutrophils:
*ruffledmembranemovement*chemetaxis*phagocytosis
Eosinophils:anti-parasite;anti-allergyBasophils:
*anticoagulation; *involvinginallergicresponseFunctionofgranularleukocytes第三十二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/332Neutrophils:FunctionofgranuSize:
1420μm(diameter)Nucleus:large,eccentric,lightstaining, deepindentation,horseshoe
cytoplasm:
abundant,gray-bluestaining, weakbasophilia, numerouspurplegranules(azurophilicG)Monocyte單核細(xì)胞第三十三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/333Size:1420μm(diameter)Mono第三十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/334第三十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/334
Smallpseudopodia,microvillus,mitochondrionRER,Lysosomes(azurophilicgranule)contain:*Peroxidase*Acidphoshpatase*Lysozyme
溶菌酶(EM模式圖)nucleusMonocyteunderEM第三十五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/335
Smallpseudopodia,microvillFunctionof
monocyte
-differentiateintomacrophages.phagocytosisimmuneresponsegiverisetoosteoclasts破骨細(xì)胞,whichareabletodissolvebone.
第三十六頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/336Functionofmonocyte-differeLymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:small6~8μm;medium-sized9~12μm;large13~20μmSmalllymphocyte(90%):LM:Roundorovoid;
Nu.:
sphericity,indentation,condensedchromatin,darkstaining.
Cytoplasm:
scanty,asathinriminlight-bluew/azurophilicgranules
第三十七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/337Lymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:sma*alargenumberoffreeribosomes,*afewmitochondria,andotherorganelles*exhibitingsmallcytoplasmicprojectionsinthesurfaceofcells.(EM模式圖)nucleusLymphocyteunderEM
第三十八頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/338*alargenumberoffreeribosClassification*function#
T-Cell:75%cellularimmunityB-Cell:10-15%humoralimmunitylargegranulelymphocyte(K&NKcell)*basedonthesource,characteristicsoncellularmembrane,life&function#immunologicaldefenceClassification&Function第三十九頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/339Classification*三、血小板(bloodplatelet,thrombocyte)Megakaryocyte’sfragment,inclumpsLM:2~4μm,disc-likeorirregular,anucleated.
Tworegions:
①Granulomere:centrally-located,purple-bluegranules.②Hyalomere:peripherallylocated,inlight-blue.第四十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/340三、血小板(bloodplatelet,throm①cellcoat:richinglycoproteinsassociatedtoplateletadhesion;②M.T.system:
a.openingtubulesystem開放小管系統(tǒng):toincreasethesurfaceareaforplateletadhesion.
b.densetubulesystem致密小管系統(tǒng):sER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandin前列腺素E.M.:第四十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/341①cellcoat:richinE.M.:第四十一頁(yè)③actin-likeM.F微絲:
mobile.④granules:
a.αgranules(specialgranules):containingplateletderivedgrowthfactor,PDGF;thrombospondin.
b.densegranules致密顆粒:
serotonin(5-HT),ADP,ATP,Ca2+&adrenaline腎上腺素第四十二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/342③actin-likeM.F微絲:第四十二頁(yè),編輯于FunctionHemostasia止血:
2.
Coagulation凝血:3.
Protect
bloodvesselendothelium,repairingendothelium,preventatherosclerosis(動(dòng)脈硬化)第四十三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/343FunctionHemostasia止血:第四十三頁(yè),Slidesreview第四十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/344Slidesreview第四十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十第四十五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/345第四十五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/345五、骨髓和血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生
(bonemarrowandhematopoiesis)
Hematopoieticorgan造血器官
yolksac卵黃囊(earlyembryo)→Liver肝/spleen脾(6w—5m)
→bonemarrow骨髓(4mandafter)Structureofbonemarrow
骨髓的結(jié)構(gòu)
redbonemarrow:hematopoietictissue造血組織
+bloodsinusoid血竇
yellowbonemarrow:adiposetissue脂肪組織
+immaturehemocyte血細(xì)胞第四十六頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/346五、骨髓和血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生
(bonemarrowandRedbonemarrow
hematopoietictissue:造血組織reticularc.t.+hemocytesinvariousstage,macrophages,adipocytes,mesenchymalcells
bloodsinusoid:血竇discontinuousendothelia,incompleteBM第四十七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/347RedbonemarrowhematopoieticHemopoieticstemcell(HSP)andHemopoieticprogenitorcell(HPC)Hemopoieticstemcell
self-replicationpowerfulproliferationpotencymulti-differentiationPotency
Hemopoieticprogenitorc.UnipotentialorbipotentialProducematruebloodc.Erythrocytesseriesgranulocyteseriesmonocyteseriesmegakaryocyte
series*Lymphocytesderivedfromlymphaticorgans&tissues第四十八頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/348Hemopoieticstemcell(HSP)第四十九頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/349第四十九頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/349Pb:原紅Be:早幼紅Pe:中幼紅晚幼紅Erythrocyteseries第五十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/350Pb:原紅Be:早幼紅Pe:中幼紅晚幼紅ErythrocytMb:原粒Pm:早幼粒MbM,Mb:中幼粒M1:晚幼粒Neutrophilicseries第五十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/351Mb:原粒Pm:早幼粒MbM,Mb:中幼粒NeutrophiMorphologiccriteriaofhaemopoiesis
①Stages:
theoriginalstage原始階段
theinfantstage幼稚階段
thematurestage成熟階段
②Cellvolume:↓,megakaryocytes:↑
③cytoplasm:↑,ratioofNu./cytoplasm:↓第五十二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/352Morphologiccriteriaofhaemop④Nucleus:
size↓(RBC:abesent;megakaryocytes↑)
nucleoli:number&size↓,untildisappear
chromatin:fine&scanty→coarse&dense;
staining:pale→deep⑤S.Gingranulocytes&Hbinerythrocytes:↑
otherorganellesinredcell↓untildisappear⑥mitoticability:↓,untildisappear(but
分裂能力
lymphocyte)第五十三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/353④Nucleus:第五十三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2Questionsforreview
1、Reticulocyte2、Monocyte3、Comparethemorphologicstructureandfunctionofgranulocytes.4、簡(jiǎn)述紅細(xì)胞的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和功能。5、簡(jiǎn)述白細(xì)胞的分類原則、分類及所占百分比。第五十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/354Questionsforreview1、Reticul謝謝第五十五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。謝謝第五十五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。55組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)第一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)血液雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)組織學(xué)與56LearningObjectives
Thecompositionofblood(血液).
Thestructure,functionandnormalvalues(正常值)oftheformedelementsofblood(血液有形成分).Hematopoiesis(血細(xì)胞的發(fā)生).
Thehematopoietictissue(造血組織)andthehematopoieticstemcells(造血干細(xì)胞).Theproductionandsignificanceoflymph(淋巴).第二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/357LearningObjectivesThecompos*aspecializedformofC.T.*acirculatingtissue*asatransportingmedium*atotalvolumeabout5litersin healthadultINTRODUCTION第三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/358*aspecializedformofC.T.INComponentsofblood血液的組成成分
*Formedelements------bloodcells(45%)
*Intercellularsubstance------plasma(55%)
Erythrocytes紅細(xì)胞 Leukocytes白細(xì)胞 Platelets血小板H2O(90%)Plasmaproteins:albumin白蛋白,globulin球蛋白,fibrinogen纖維蛋白原,etc.Others:第四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/359Componentsofblood血液的組成成分*血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-------
plasmaLeukocytes+Platelets
--------Erythrocyte(Redbloodcell)anticoagulant(heparin)
抗凝劑(肝素)
第五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/360血液的組成centrifugation(離心)-----血塊、血清—Serum血清
—withoutanticoagulant
Clotting無纖維蛋白原第六頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/361血塊、血清—Serum血清—withoutantico血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞:男(4.0—5.5)×1012/L
;女(3.5—5.0)×1012/L(350-500萬個(gè)/ul)白細(xì)胞(4.0—10)×109
/L或4千-1萬個(gè)/ul血小板(100—300)×109
/L
(或10-30萬個(gè)/ul)
有粒白細(xì)胞
無粒白細(xì)胞中性粒細(xì)胞50-70%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞0.5-3%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞0-1%淋巴細(xì)胞25-30%單核細(xì)胞3-8%血液有形成分正常值血象(hemogram):血細(xì)胞的形態(tài)、數(shù)量、百分比及血紅蛋白的含量.血象是臨床疾病診斷、治療的重要指標(biāo)。第七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/362血液有形成分紅細(xì)胞:男(4.0—5.5)×1012/L;Wright染色法(瑞特染色法):染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)組成。與酸性染料伊紅結(jié)合,染粉紅色;與堿性染料亞甲藍(lán)結(jié)合,染紫藍(lán)色。
Giemsa染色法(吉姆薩染色法):吉姆薩染液由伊紅,天青組成。
血涂片bloodsmear:觀察血細(xì)胞形態(tài)染色方法:Wright或Giemsa染色第八頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/363Wright染色法(瑞特染色法):染料是由酸性染料伊紅和堿性一、紅細(xì)胞(erythrocyte,redbloodcell,RBC)
1.結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)2.血型3.功能4.壽命5.網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞第九頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/364一、紅細(xì)胞(erythrocyte,redbloodceMatureErythrocyte
*biconcavediscshape,
providing
greatersurfacearea;
*nonucleusandorganelles;
*
Hemoglobin(Hb
);
*deformability.SEMSize:
7.5~8.5μm(diameter)Number:
Male:4.2~5.5×1012/L(Hb:120~150g/L) Female:3.5~5.0×1012/L(Hb:110~140g/L)第十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/365MatureErythrocyteSEMSize:7.第十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/366第十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/3112.ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng):紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原
A型:有A型抗原
B型:有B型抗原
O型:無A型、B型抗原
AB型:有A型、B型抗原3.功能:
紅細(xì)胞具有攜帶O2和CO2的功能,由血紅蛋白執(zhí)行。4.壽命:紅細(xì)胞的平均壽命約為120天。溶血(hemolysis)血影(erythrocyteghost):溶血后殘留的紅細(xì)胞膜囊。第十二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/3672.ABO血型抗原系統(tǒng):紅細(xì)胞膜含血型抗原3.功能:紅細(xì)
*notfullymatureRBC*0.51%ofatotalnumberofRBC*nonucleus*ribosomalRNAremnants(netlikestructure)*remainingHbsynthesis*ClinicsignificanceReticulocyte網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞
第十三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/368*notfullymatureRBCReticu
PathologicalconditionsNumberSizeShapeHbAnemia貧血
Erythrocytosis紅細(xì)胞增多癥
Spherocytosis;SicklecellanemiaThalassemia(地中海貧血)Large/smallcellanemia第十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/369 PathologicalconditionsAnemia
Sickle-cellanemiaisapainfuldiseaseinwhichRBCsbecomecrescentshapedduetoinheritanceofanabnormaltypeofhemoglobin.SickledRBCsbreakdown,releasinghemoglobinintothecirculation.第十五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/370
NormalRBCSickledRBC鐮狀第十六頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/371NormalRBC第十七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/372第十七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/317Typically,theaffectedRBCsaresmall,sphericallyshaped,andlackthelightcentersseeninnormalRBCs.
Spherocytosis第十八頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/373Typically,theaffectedRBCsaGeneralcharacteristicofleukocytes
*sphericalshape *possesnuclei *presenceoforganelles *atotalnumberlessthanthatoferythrocytes*exhibitingamoeboidmovement *involvinginbodydefensesandimmunity二、白細(xì)胞(leukocyte,whitebloodcell,WBC)第十九頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/374Generalcharacteristicofleuk
第二十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/375第二十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/32Classification *Granularleukocytes有粒白細(xì)胞 neutrophils5070%中性粒細(xì)胞 eosinophils0.53%嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞 basophils01%嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞 *Agranularleukocytes無粒白細(xì)胞 lymphocytes2530%淋巴細(xì)胞 monocytes38%單核細(xì)胞第二十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/376Classification第二十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三
Neutrophil
Size:1012μm(diameter)
Morphology形態(tài)
nucleus:highlymorphonuclear
rod-like
2-3lobulated 4-5lobulated young old
cytoplasm:
specificgranules:80%,small azurophilicgranules:20%,lysosome溶酶體
Neutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞
(嗜天青顆粒)第二十二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/377NeutrophilNeutrophils中性粒細(xì)胞中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖(示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老)第二十三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/378中性粒細(xì)胞模式圖(示桿狀核演變至5葉核,新生到衰老)第二中性粒細(xì)胞(血涂片)NeutrophilsLobulatednuclei
Rod-likenucleusazurophilicgranules*fine,uniform細(xì)膩,均勻
*evenlydistributed*pinkstainingCharateristicsofspecificgranules:第二十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/379中性粒細(xì)胞(血涂片)NeutrophilsLobulatSpecificgranules(80%,samll)contain:alkalinephosphatase堿性磷酸酶
*Phagocytin吞噬素*lysozyme
溶菌酶AzurophilicG.(large,less)containing:acidphosphatase酸性磷酸酶*
Peroxidase過氧化物酶Neutrophil(EM)第二十五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/380Specificgranules(80%,samll)FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)趨化性:Attractedbychemotacticfactor(releasedbymacrophages)Phagocytosis&destroybacteria:
吞噬和殺滅細(xì)菌
thenumberofleukocytes↑
acute
the%ofneutrophils↑
bacteriainfection
第二十六頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/381FunctionChemotaxis(Mobility)Size:
1012μm(diameter)LM:nucleus:
lobulated;Sorirregular; obscuredoutlinecytoplasm:basophilicgranules
*variablesize*unevendistribution*strongbasophiliaCharacteristicBasophil嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞第二十七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/382Size:1012μm(diameter)*
Basophil
E.M.:
Basophilicgranulescontain:*heparin*
histamineF.N.:
*
anticoagulate*
responsibletoallergicreactionnucleus第二十八頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/383BasophilE.M.:nucleus第二十八頁(yè),Size:1015μm(diameter)LM: -usuallybilobednucleus-eosinophilicgranules
*strongeosinophilia(reddish) *coarseandrefractile
*uniformsizeandevenlydistributedEosinophils嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞Characteristic第二十九頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/384Size:1015μm(diameter) *s(電鏡)
Eosinophilicgranules(primarylysosomes)whichcontainsubstances:
*acidphosphatase *arylsulphatase芳基硫酸酯酶 *Peroxidase *histaminase組胺酶nucleusEosinophilicgranules
withcrystalloidinthecenter(EM)第三十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/385(電鏡) Eosinophilicgranules(pFunctionChemotaxis(趨化性)
attractedbychemotacticfactorfromthemastcellsPhagocytize(吞噬)
foreignbodies,Ag-AbcomplexAnti-allergy(抗過敏)
Releasehistaminase,inactivatehistamineforweakeningallergicreactionAnti-parasite
(抗寄生蟲)
Itisincreasedinpatientsinfectedw/allergicreactionorparasite
第三十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/386FunctionChemotaxis(趨化性)第三十一頁(yè),編Neutrophils:
*ruffledmembranemovement*chemetaxis*phagocytosis
Eosinophils:anti-parasite;anti-allergyBasophils:
*anticoagulation; *involvinginallergicresponseFunctionofgranularleukocytes第三十二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/387Neutrophils:FunctionofgranuSize:
1420μm(diameter)Nucleus:large,eccentric,lightstaining, deepindentation,horseshoe
cytoplasm:
abundant,gray-bluestaining, weakbasophilia, numerouspurplegranules(azurophilicG)Monocyte單核細(xì)胞第三十三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/388Size:1420μm(diameter)Mono第三十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/389第三十四頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/334
Smallpseudopodia,microvillus,mitochondrionRER,Lysosomes(azurophilicgranule)contain:*Peroxidase*Acidphoshpatase*Lysozyme
溶菌酶(EM模式圖)nucleusMonocyteunderEM第三十五頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/390
Smallpseudopodia,microvillFunctionof
monocyte
-differentiateintomacrophages.phagocytosisimmuneresponsegiverisetoosteoclasts破骨細(xì)胞,whichareabletodissolvebone.
第三十六頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/391Functionofmonocyte-differeLymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:small6~8μm;medium-sized9~12μm;large13~20μmSmalllymphocyte(90%):LM:Roundorovoid;
Nu.:
sphericity,indentation,condensedchromatin,darkstaining.
Cytoplasm:
scanty,asathinriminlight-bluew/azurophilicgranules
第三十七頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/392Lymphocytes淋巴細(xì)胞3types:sma*alargenumberoffreeribosomes,*afewmitochondria,andotherorganelles*exhibitingsmallcytoplasmicprojectionsinthesurfaceofcells.(EM模式圖)nucleusLymphocyteunderEM
第三十八頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/393*alargenumberoffreeribosClassification*function#
T-Cell:75%cellularimmunityB-Cell:10-15%humoralimmunitylargegranulelymphocyte(K&NKcell)*basedonthesource,characteristicsoncellularmembrane,life&function#immunologicaldefenceClassification&Function第三十九頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/394Classification*三、血小板(bloodplatelet,thrombocyte)Megakaryocyte’sfragment,inclumpsLM:2~4μm,disc-likeorirregular,anucleated.
Tworegions:
①Granulomere:centrally-located,purple-bluegranules.②Hyalomere:peripherallylocated,inlight-blue.第四十頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/395三、血小板(bloodplatelet,throm①cellcoat:richinglycoproteinsassociatedtoplateletadhesion;②M.T.system:
a.openingtubulesystem開放小管系統(tǒng):toincreasethesurfaceareaforplateletadhesion.
b.densetubulesystem致密小管系統(tǒng):sER,support,collectCa2+andsynthesizeprostaglandin前列腺素E.M.:第四十一頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/396①cellcoat:richinE.M.:第四十一頁(yè)③actin-likeM.F微絲:
mobile.④granules:
a.αgranules(specialgranules):containingplateletderivedgrowthfactor,PDGF;thrombospondin.
b.densegranules致密顆粒:
serotonin(5-HT),ADP,ATP,Ca2+&adrenaline腎上腺素第四十二頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/397③actin-likeM.F微絲:第四十二頁(yè),編輯于FunctionHemostasia止血:
2.
Coagulation凝血:3.
Protect
bloodvesselendothelium,repairingendothelium,preventatherosclerosis(動(dòng)脈硬化)第四十三頁(yè),編輯于星期四:點(diǎn)三十分。2020/11/398FunctionHemostasia止血:第四十三頁(yè),
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