翻譯理論與實(shí)踐(下)6-英漢合同翻譯課件

實(shí)用文翻譯1實(shí)用文翻譯1翻譯理論與實(shí)踐（下）教學(xué)內(nèi)容1.英漢請(qǐng)柬、通知翻譯2.英漢證明、證書(shū)翻譯3.英漢廣告翻譯4.英漢旅游景點(diǎn)翻譯5.英漢企事業(yè)簡(jiǎn)介翻譯6.英漢合同翻譯7.英漢信用證翻譯8.英漢其他實(shí)用文翻譯2翻譯理論與實(shí)踐（下）教學(xué)內(nèi)容1.英漢請(qǐng)柬、通知翻譯2第六章.英漢合同翻譯在貿(mào)易往來(lái)中，合同等法律文件的談判、起草、成文以及翻譯對(duì)每一筆交易來(lái)說(shuō)都是必不可缺和至關(guān)重要的。作為二十一世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生，必須懂得合同等法律文件的基本概念、主要特征、法律效力和翻譯的基本技巧等等。3第六章.英漢合同翻譯在貿(mào)易往來(lái)中，合同等法律一、合同的基本概念和結(jié)構(gòu)

合同亦稱契約，是具有法律約束力的承諾，表示當(dāng)事人愿意承擔(dān)權(quán)利和義務(wù)。合同是具有法律約束力的文件，一經(jīng)簽訂，當(dāng)事人各方均須嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行。《中華人民共和國(guó)合同法》第二條規(guī)定：“合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的協(xié)議?！?一、合同的基本概念和結(jié)構(gòu)4Acontract,inthesimplestdefinition,isapromiseenforceablebylaw.Thepromisemaybetodosomethingortorefrainfromdoingsomething.Themakingofacontractrequiresthemutualassentoftwoormorepersons,oneofthemordinarilymakinganofferandanotheraccepting.Ifoneofthepartiesfailstokeepthepromise,theotherisentitledtolegalrecourseagainsthim.Thelawofcontractshastodowithsuchquestionsaswhetheracontractexists,whatthemeaningofitis,whetheracontracthasbeenbroken,andwhatcompensationisduetheinjuredparty.(TheNewEncyclopediaBritannica,15thedition,publishedbyEncyclopediaBritannica,Inc.1977,Vol.5,P.124)

5Acontract,inthesimples合同的種類雖然繁多，但就其基本結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)是一致的，一般包括三部分：前言、正文和結(jié)尾，也可以稱為約首、正文和約尾。概括起來(lái)，合同所涉及的基本內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾條：1.Thecorporateorpersonalnamesofthecontractpartiesandtheirnationalities,principleplaceofbusinessorresidenceaddresses;合同當(dāng)事人的名稱或者姓名、國(guó)籍、主營(yíng)業(yè)所或住所；2.Dateandplaceofsignatureofthecontract;合同簽訂的日期、地點(diǎn)；6合同的種類雖然繁多，但就其基本結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)是一致的，一般3.Typeofthecontractandthekind,scopeofthesubjectmatterofthecontract;合同的類型和合同標(biāo)的種類、范圍；4.Technicalconditions,quality,standard,specificationsandquantitiesofthesubjectmatterofthecontract;合同標(biāo)的技術(shù)條件、質(zhì)量、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)格、數(shù)量；5.Timelimit,placeandmethodofperformance;履行的期限、地點(diǎn)和方式；6.Termsofprice,amountandwayofpayment,andvariousadditionalcharge;價(jià)格條件、支付金額、支付方式和各種附帶的費(fèi)用；73.Typeofthecontractandth7.Whetherthecontractcouldbeassignedorconditionsforassignment;合同能否轉(zhuǎn)讓或者合同轉(zhuǎn)讓的條件；8.Compensationandotherliabilitiesforbreachofthecontract;違反合同的賠償和其他責(zé)任；9.Waysforsettlementofdisputesincaseofdisputesarisingfromthecontract;合同發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí)的解決方法；10.Languagestobeusedinthecontractandtheireffectiveness.合同使用的文字及效力。87.Whetherthecontractcould二、合同的基本種類這里主要討論國(guó)際商務(wù)合同，即所謂的涉外合同。根據(jù)國(guó)際貿(mào)易商品流通的各種做法，稱為貿(mào)易方式。不同的貿(mào)易方式就會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的合同，按照貿(mào)易方式的性質(zhì)和內(nèi)容的不同可以將合同主要分為以下幾大類：9二、合同的基本種類91、銷(xiāo)售或購(gòu)貨合同2、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同3、合資或合營(yíng)合同4、補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易合同5、國(guó)際工程承包合同6、代理協(xié)議7、來(lái)料加工合同8、多種貿(mào)易方式相結(jié)合的合同1010三、合同的語(yǔ)言特征

就其性質(zhì)而言，合同可以說(shuō)是一種法律文書(shū)，依法訂立的合同一經(jīng)各方簽字，即具有法律效力，并對(duì)合同各方當(dāng)事人都具有約束力，未經(jīng)一方同意，合同內(nèi)容不得隨意變更，否則就算違約。因此，起草、翻譯合同時(shí)各方都應(yīng)慎之又慎，對(duì)合同語(yǔ)言必須仔細(xì)推敲、反復(fù)琢磨，避免因語(yǔ)言模棱兩可而產(chǎn)生歧義。盡管合同用詞難度大，要求十分嚴(yán)格，但合同措詞仍有規(guī)律可循。11三、合同的語(yǔ)言特征11一）、詞匯特征合同的用詞造句必須十分準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，一般具有準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)練、明晰和正式幾大特點(diǎn)。由于用詞不當(dāng)、合同當(dāng)事人對(duì)文字理解不一所造成的索賠和糾紛案件屢見(jiàn)不鮮。合同翻譯時(shí)要特別注意英語(yǔ)中的一詞多義或多種解釋。例如：ThepenaltyshallbedividedbetweenPartyAandPartyBinNewYorkCityandPartyCinNewark,NewJersey.12一）、詞匯特征12簡(jiǎn)練對(duì)合同也頗為重要。因?yàn)楹贤Z(yǔ)言的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，最好用盡可能少的文字來(lái)清楚地闡明意思。要做到言簡(jiǎn)意賅，合同起草者和翻譯者必須避免使用或刪除不必要的詞語(yǔ)。例如：Intheeventofasinglearbitratorbeingunabletobeagreeduponbythetwoparties...一旦一個(gè)仲裁員不能被雙方同意…13簡(jiǎn)練對(duì)合同也頗為重要。因?yàn)楹贤Z(yǔ)言的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，最好用盡可

要使合同行文明晰，應(yīng)力戒含糊其詞和模棱兩可，應(yīng)注意使用規(guī)范的句子的語(yǔ)序、修飾語(yǔ)要置于靠近所形容的詞的位置等等。例如：在乙方的要求下，甲方同意派遣技術(shù)人員幫助乙方安裝設(shè)備。AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.14

要使合同行文明晰，應(yīng)力戒含糊其詞和模棱兩可，應(yīng)注意1、專業(yè)詞匯

專業(yè)詞匯主要是指在某一學(xué)科或特定領(lǐng)域中使用的專門(mén)用語(yǔ)。這些專門(mén)用語(yǔ)有其特定的含義，并在各自專業(yè)領(lǐng)域中被廣泛使用。如：freeonboard（船上交貨）、billoflading（提單）、shippingmarks（嘜頭）等等。151、專業(yè)詞匯15考慮到合同特定場(chǎng)合的需要，有時(shí)合同對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)的定義做出明確的限定和說(shuō)明，一般可分為擴(kuò)展性解釋和限縮性解釋兩種。例如：“patent”inthiscontractshallmeanregisteredinventionrights,registeredutilitymodelrights,rightofregisteredindustrialdesignandanytechnicalapplicationslistedintheattachmentherewith“trademark”heremeansregisteredtrademark16考慮到合同特定場(chǎng)合的需要，有時(shí)合同對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)的定2、詞語(yǔ)并列

合同中的詞語(yǔ)并列往往分為兩種情況：詞語(yǔ)并列結(jié)構(gòu)和成對(duì)同義詞結(jié)構(gòu)。為使國(guó)際條約表意準(zhǔn)確和規(guī)范嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，合同制定者在行文中大量使用詞語(yǔ)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，用and或or把兩個(gè)或多個(gè)短語(yǔ)并列起來(lái)。這種并列結(jié)構(gòu)有更強(qiáng)的包容性，同時(shí)也更加具有彈性。例如：172、詞語(yǔ)并列17(合同）項(xiàng)下或按照（合同） underorinaccordancewith簽署并寄出 signedanddelivered按總體或部分來(lái)講 inwholeorinpartmakeamendmentstoandrevisionof 修改fulfillorperform 履行transferableorassignable 轉(zhuǎn)讓18(合同）項(xiàng)下或按照（合同） 18Itistheintentofthepartiesthatalldocumentsandannexesformingparthereofshallbereadandtakentogetherandthateachandeveryprovisionorstipulationhereofbegivenfullforce,effectandapplicability.However,intheeventthatoneormoreprovisionsorstipulationshereinbedeclarednullandvoidbythecourts,orotherwiserenderedineffective,theremainingprovisionsandstipulationsshallnotbeaffectedthereby.19Itistheintentofthepa3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與所有的法律文件相同，合同在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選用上很慎重。may,must,will,shall,should各司其職，不可混淆。值得注意的是“shall”在合同中并非單純表示將來(lái)時(shí)，而是用來(lái)表示一方應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，表示強(qiáng)制性責(zé)任、履行義務(wù)，與中文中“應(yīng)該”、“必須”的意義相同，所表達(dá)的力度比“will”要強(qiáng)。。例如：Thebiddershallbearallcostsassociatedwiththepreparationandsubmissionofitsbid.203、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞204、縮略詞 另外，縮略詞在合同中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，而且主要為首字母縮略詞和截短詞。國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)合同中的價(jià)格、支付及保險(xiǎn)方式大多以首字母縮略詞形式出現(xiàn)，例如：FOB(FreeonBoard裝運(yùn)港船上交貨)T/T(TelegraphicTransfer電匯)W.A.(WithAverage水漬險(xiǎn))等等。214、縮略詞21此外，還有一些計(jì)量單位及相關(guān)名稱則通常以截短詞形式出現(xiàn)，例如：CTN(carton紙箱)PC(piece件、個(gè))No(number號(hào))等等。22225、古英語(yǔ)及特殊用語(yǔ)的使用 英文合同使用了大量的古英語(yǔ)，最為突出的是用here,there,where＋后綴in/after/by等介詞。這類古英語(yǔ)能避免重復(fù)，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊精練。例如：hereafter=afterthistime 今后herein=inthis 因此hereby=bymeansof 特此235、古英語(yǔ)及特殊用語(yǔ)的使用23hereinbefore=inaproceedingpartofthiscontract 在上文hereinafter=laterinthiscontract 在下文thereto=tothat 此外thereupon=then 隨后 whereas 鑒于，在約首用作引出簽約的背景和目的witness 證明，在約首中用作充當(dāng)首句的謂語(yǔ)hereinafterreferredtoas 以下簡(jiǎn)稱24hereinbefore=inaproceeding二）、句法特征 合同作為法律文書(shū)，規(guī)定了各方當(dāng)事人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，合同文字所表達(dá)的意思必須完整、明確、肯定，所以，合同對(duì)句子類型的選擇存在明顯的傾向性，陳述句的使用頻率比較高，陳述句用于闡述、解釋、說(shuō)明、規(guī)定和判斷，語(yǔ)言顯得比較客觀、平實(shí)。此外，合同句法的另一個(gè)明顯特征是較多使用長(zhǎng)句和慣用句型。25二）、句法特征251、多用長(zhǎng)句

與普通英語(yǔ)相比，英文合同的句子較長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)也復(fù)雜得多。長(zhǎng)句的使用主要是可以準(zhǔn)確地界定各方當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，排除被曲解、誤解或出現(xiàn)歧義的可能性。例如：261、多用長(zhǎng)句26Thetenderershouldbeinformedthat,ifhehasdelivered,postedordispatchedhistenderpriortotheformalsubmissiondatehehastherighttomodifyormakecorrectionstoit,providedthatanysuchmodificationsorcorrectionsarereceivedbytheemployer/engineerinwritingpriortothetimespecifiedforsubmissionoftenders.Theoriginaltenderthusmodifiedorcorrectedwouldthenbeconsideredastheofficialtender.27Thetenderershouldbei又如：Thepricesstatedarebasedoncurrentfreightrates,anyincreaseordecreaseinfreightratesattimeofshipmentistobethebenefitofthebuyer,withthesellerassumingthepaymentofalltransportationchargestothepointorplaceofdelivery.28282、慣用句型

英文合同中有不少套語(yǔ)或慣用句型結(jié)構(gòu)，這些用法是在長(zhǎng)期的貿(mào)易實(shí)踐中逐漸形成的，并被普遍接受和使用。此類套語(yǔ)或慣用句型主要出現(xiàn)在合同的前言、結(jié)尾、保險(xiǎn)、支付以及檢驗(yàn)、索賠、仲裁等一般性的條款中。例如：292、慣用句型29（1）Theundersignedbuyerandsellerhaveconfirmed…inaccordancewiththefollowingtermsandconditions.（2）PartyAhasagreedthatPartyBshall…underthefollowingtermsandconditions.（3）Inconsiderationofthepremisesandcovenantsdescribedhereinafter,PartyAandPartyBagreeasfollow.（4）TheexpirydateoftheL/Cistobethe15thdayafterthedateofshipment.（5）TheL/Cshallremainvaliduntilthe15thdayaftertheshipment.30（1）Theundersignedbuyerands四、合同翻譯原則目前，我國(guó)涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)交往中所采用的合同大多為英文本，而英文合同對(duì)語(yǔ)言有嚴(yán)格的要求，因此，把握合同語(yǔ)言的特殊性，這是準(zhǔn)確理解、翻譯合同的關(guān)鍵所在。合同作為一種具有法律約束力的契約文體，其文本強(qiáng)調(diào)用語(yǔ)正式、措詞準(zhǔn)確、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、格式規(guī)范等特點(diǎn)。翻譯合同、標(biāo)書(shū)等此類文體的具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通常有三個(gè)方面：31四、合同翻譯原則311、術(shù)語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確，譯文完整

合同文本有自己的一整套術(shù)語(yǔ)，有其獨(dú)特性，應(yīng)避免簡(jiǎn)單的字面翻譯。例如：“accept”一般譯為“接受”、“認(rèn)可”就可以了，但在涉外合同中，這個(gè)詞可能要譯成“承兌”。從4月1日起到10月20日止這一期間內(nèi)交貨，但以買(mǎi)方信用證在3月20日前到達(dá)賣(mài)方為限。ShipmentduringtheperiodbeginningonApril1andendingonOct.20,bothdateinclusive,subjecttoBuyer’sLetterofCreditreachingSelleronorbeforeMar.20.321、術(shù)語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確，譯文完整322、譯文通順，條理清楚

通順是翻譯的一項(xiàng)基本要求，合同的翻譯也不例外。合同譯文的通順著重體現(xiàn)在“條理清楚”上，特別是在處理長(zhǎng)句、復(fù)雜句時(shí)更是如此。例如：One-thirdofthetotalamountshallbepaidwiththeorderwhentheContractissigned,onethirdbydocumentarybillswhenshipmentiseffected,andthebalancebycleanbillswhenthegoodshavearrived.合同簽訂時(shí)先預(yù)付貨款總額的三分之一，裝船后憑跟單匯票再付三分之一，剩余的三分之一在貨物抵達(dá)時(shí)憑光票一次性付清。332、譯文通順，條理清楚333、符合契約文體特點(diǎn)與其他商務(wù)文本相比，合同文本屬于正式程度最高的契約文體。所以，翻譯合同時(shí)所使用的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)盡量體現(xiàn)出契約文體的這一特點(diǎn)。選詞要正式、所采用的句式也應(yīng)符合譯入語(yǔ)合同的句式特點(diǎn)、還要注意譯入語(yǔ)合同的格式特點(diǎn)。例如：“因?yàn)椤币话阌枚陶Z(yǔ)“byvirtueof”來(lái)翻譯，而很少用“becauseof”；“在……之前”一般用“priorto”，而不用“before”等等。343、符合契約文體特點(diǎn)34再如：本合同于2006年5月30日在中國(guó)上海簽訂，一式兩份，每份用英文和中文寫(xiě)成，兩種文本具有同等效力。譯文1：ThisContractwassignedinShanghai,ChinaonMay30,2006.EachcopywaswritteninEnglishandChinesewithtwocopiesineach,andthetwotextshavethesameeffect.譯文2：ThisContractissignedinShanghai,Chinathis30thdayofMay,2006,induplicateinEnglishandChineselanguages,bothtextsbeingequallyauthentic.35再如：35五、合同翻譯實(shí)踐例1.購(gòu)貨合同PURCHASECONTRACTNo.2008－72116Date:June20,2008 SignedatShenzhen,ChinaTheBuyer:UniconCorporation155OceanWingRoad,SanFrancisco,California91002USATheSeller:HengdaTradingCorporation237SouthRiversideRoad,Shenzhen,Guangdong518003PRC TheContractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller,wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheundermentionedcommodityaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow:36五、合同翻譯實(shí)踐361.COMMODITYDESCRIPTIONS:Men’spajamasmadeof100percentcottonSize12inwhite,yellow,red,blue,andpurple.TechnicalspecificationsshallbethesameasthesamplessenttotheSellerbytheBuyeronMay20,2008.2.QUANTITY:White,2000;yellow,3000;red,1000;blue,4000;purple,3000.3.UNITPRICE:US$12.80FOBShenzhenpersuit.4.TOTALPRICE:US$166,400.00(Onehundredandsixty-sixthousandfourhundredUSdollarsonly).5.COUNTRYOFORIGIN:ThePeople’sRepublicOfChina6.PACKING:Eachpajamasshallbepackedinawaterproofpolythenebagandtheninacardboardbox,50boxestoawoodencase.TheSellershallbeliableforanydamageandlossattributedtoinadequatepackingbytheSeller.371.COMMODITYDESCRIPTIONS:Men7.SHIPPINGMARKS:Onthesurfaceofeachpackage,thepackagenumber,measurement,grossweight,netweightandUNICONinatriangleshallbestenciledwithpaint.8.TIMEOFSHIPMENT:October20089.PORTOFSHIPMENT:Shenzhen,PRC.10.PORTOFDESTINATION:SanFrancisco,USA.11.INSURANCE:TobecoveredbytheBuyer.12.PAYMENT:TheBuyershall,uponreceiptfromtheSellerofthenoticeofreadinessforshipment,openanirrevocableletterofcreditwithCitibank,15-20dayspriortothedateofdelivery,infavoroftheSeller,foranamountequivalenttothetotalvalueoftheshipment.TheL/CshallbepayableagainstthepresentationofthedraftandthedocumentsstipulatedinClause13hereofintheopeningbank.TheL/Cshallbevaliduntilthe15thdayaftertheshipment.387.SHIPPINGMARKS:Onthesurf13.DOCUMENT:TheSellershallpresentthefollowingdocumentstothepayingbankfornegotiation:1)Onefullsetof“CleanOnBoard”oceanbillsofladingmarked“FreighttoCollect”andmadeouttoorder,blankendorsed;2)Invoiceinquintuplicateindictingcontractnumberandshippingmark;3)Packinglistinquintuplicate;4)CertificateofqualityandquantityinduplicateissuedbythemanufacturersasspecifiedinClause16;5)OnecopyofnotificationtotheBuyer,advisingtheshipmentready.3913.DOCUMENT:TheSellershall14.TERMSOFSHIPMENT:

1)TheSellershall,atleast40daysbeforethedateofshipmentstipulatedintheContract,advisetheBuyerofthecontractnumber,commodity,quantity,value,numberofpackages,grossweight,measurement,anddateofreadinessattheportofshipmentfortheBuyertobookshippingspace.2)BookingofshippingspaceshallbeattendedtobytheBuyer.3)TheBuyershall,10daysbeforetheexpecteddateofarrivalofthevesselattheloadingport,notifytheSellerofthenameofvessel,expecteddateofloading,contractnumber,fortheSellertoarrangeshipment.Whenitbecomesnecessarytochangethetimetobeadvancedordelayed,theBuyeroritsshippingagentshalladvisetheSellerintime.Shouldthevesselfailtoarriveattheportofloadingwithin30daysofthearrivaldateadvisedbytheBuyer,theBuyershallbearthestorageandinsuranceexpensesincurredfromthe31stday.4)TheSellershallbeliableforanydeadfreightordemurrage,shouldithappentheyhavefailedtohavethecommodityreadyforloadingafterthecarryingvesselhasarrivedattheportofshipmentontime.5)TheSellershallbearallexpenses,risksofcommoditybeforeitpassesoverthevessel’srailandisreleasedfromthetackle.Afterithaspassedoverthevessel’srailandbeenreleasedfromthetackle,allexpenses,risksofcommodityshallbefortheBuyer’saccount.4014.TERMSOFSHIPMENT:4015.SHIPPINGADVICE:TheSellershall,immediatelyuponthecompletionofloadingthecommodity,notifytheBuyerthecontractnumber,nameofcommodity,quantity,grossweight,invoicevalue,nameofcarryingvesselanddateofsailing.IncasetheBuyerfailstoarrangeinsuranceontimeduetotheinformationnotbeinggivenintimebytheSeller,ortothenotificationincomplete,alllossesshallbebornebytheSeller.16.GUARANTEEOFQUALITY:TheSellershallguaranteethatthecommodityisentirelyinconformitywithwhathasbeenstipulatedintheContractwithregardtoitsqualityspecifications.Theguaranteeperiodshallbe3monthscountedfromthedateonwhichthecommodityarrivesattheportofdestination.4115.SHIPPINGADVICE:TheSelle17.INSPECTIONANDCLAIM:

1)TheSellershall,beforedelivery,makeapreciseandcomprehensiveinspectionofthegoodswithregardtoitsquality,specifications,andquantityandhavetheChinaImportandExportCommodityInspectionBureauissueinspectioncertificatescertifyingthetechnicaldateandtheconclusionoftheinspection.2)AfterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestinationtheBuyershallhavetherighttoinviteanauthoritativesurveyortomakeafurtherinspectionastothespecificationsandquantityofthegoods.Ifdamagesofthegoodsarefound,orthespecificationand/orquantityarenotinconformitywiththestipulationsintheContract,exceptwhentheresponsibilitiesliewiththeinsurerorthecarrier,theBuyershall,within90daysafterarrivedofthegoodsattheportofdestination,claimagainsttheSellerorrejectthegoods.3)TheclaimsmentionedaboveshallberegardedasbeingacceptediftheSellerfailstoreplywithin30daysaftertheSellerreceivestheBuyer’sclaim.4217.INSPECTIONANDCLAIM:4218.FORCEMAJEURE:TheSellershallnotberesponsibleforthedelayofshipmentornon-deliveryofthegoodsduetoforcemajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourseofloadingortransit.TheSellershalladvisetheBuyerimmediatelyoftheoccurrencementionedaboveandwithin15daysthereaftertheSellershallsendanoticebyairmailtotheBuyerfortheiracceptanceofacertificateoftheaccidentissuedbythecompetentgovernmentauthoritiesunderwhosejurisdictiontheaccidentoccursasevidencethereof.UndersuchcircumstancestheSeller,however,isstillundertheobligationtotakeallnecessarymeasurestohastenthedeliveryofthegoods.Incasetheaccidentlastsformorethan10weeks,theBuyershallhavetherighttocanceltheContract.4318.FORCEMAJEURE:TheSeller19.LATEDELIVERYANDPAYMENT:ShouldtheSellerfailtomakedeliveryontimeasstipulatedintheContract,withtheexceptionofforcemajeurecausesspecifiedinClause18oftheContract,theBuyershallagreetopostponethedeliveryontheconditionthattheSelleragreestopayapenaltywhichshallbedeductedbythepayingbankfromthepaymentundernegotiation.Therateofnegotiationischargedat0.5percentforeverysevendays,odddayslessthansevendaysshouldbecountedassevendays.Butthepenalty,however,shallnotexceed5percentofthetotalvalueofthegoods,involvedinthedelayeddelivery.IncasetheSellerfailstomakedeliverytenweekslaterthanthetimeofshipmentstipulatedintheContract,theBuyershallhavetherighttocanceltheContract,andtheSeller,inspiteofthecancellation,shallneverthelesspaytheaforesaidpenaltytothebuyerwithoutdelay.4419.LATEDELIVERYANDPAYMENT:20.ARBITRATION:AlldisputesarisingfromtheexecutionoforinconnectionwiththeContractshallbesettledamicablythroughfriendlynegotiation.Incasenosettlementcanbereachedthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallthenbesubmittedtotheForeignEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChineseCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeforarbitrationinaccordancewithitsrulesofprocedure.Thearbitralawardisfinalandbindinguponbothparties.Arbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingparty.4520.ARBITRATION:Alldisputes21.CONDITIONSOFSALES:

1)ItisstrictlyunderstoodthattheSellercannotbeheldresponsiblefornon-deliveryordelayeddeliveryofthegoodsorderedifthesituationiscausedbyforcemajeure,war,rebellion,fire,strike,newleviesimposedbygovernment,inabilityof,orrefusalbythemanufacturerstofulfilltheContractoranyothercausesbeyondtheSeller’scontrol.2)TheSellerreservestherighttocanceltheContractatanytimeiftheBuyermakesdefaultinpayment(orindelivery)orcommitabreachofanyclausehereof.3)TheSellerreservestherighttotheContractatanytimeiftheSellercannotmakethedeliveryascalledforunderthetermshereofbyreasonofcircumstancesbeyondtheircontrol.4)Anyadditionalexpensesincurredastheresultofwar,civilcommotion,interruptionofnormaltransport,boycott,governmentaction,etc.,and/oranyothercircumstancesasarebeyondtheSeller’scontroland/orforesight,shallbefortheBuyer’saccount.4621.CONDITIONSOFSALES:4622.SUPPLEMENTARYPROVISION:TheContractismadeoutinbothChineseandEnglish,twooriginalsforeachlanguage.Eachlanguageislegallyofequaleffect.EachpartykeepsoneChineseversionandoneEnglishversionaftersigningtheContract. TheBuyer:UniconCorporation MarlinFelton,president TheSeller:HengdaTradingCorporation LuGang,President4722.SUPPLEMENTARYPROVISION:T例2.招標(biāo)書(shū)國(guó)際招標(biāo)投標(biāo)是貨物、工程或服務(wù)市場(chǎng)交易方式之一，現(xiàn)在許多國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)、國(guó)家政府規(guī)定，凡由其提供貸款或資金，金額達(dá)到一定數(shù)額的大宗交易、大型工程或成套服務(wù)項(xiàng)目必須通過(guò)公開(kāi)招標(biāo)、投標(biāo)來(lái)確定供貨者、承建者或服務(wù)商。國(guó)際招標(biāo)投標(biāo)已成為國(guó)際貿(mào)易的主要方式之一。按照國(guó)際慣例，與招標(biāo)投標(biāo)活動(dòng)有關(guān)的文件、資料均須用英文編制，即使允許用非英語(yǔ)編寫(xiě)，也應(yīng)備有英文版本。48例2.招標(biāo)書(shū)48ChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationInvitationforBidsBidNo.0707CMCJ-0161332InaccordancewiththeloanAgreementconcludedbetweentheMinistryofFinanceofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandJapanBankforInternationalCooperationforYingkouWaterSupplyProject,ChinaNationalMachineryImportandExportCorporationisauthorizedtopurchasethroughinternationalcompetitivebidding(ICB)thegoodslistedbellow.Allthepurchaseshouldbefinancedthroughtheloanarrangementmentionedabove.49ChinaNationalMachineryImListofEquipment:Valves(quantity:…specifications:…)Sealedbidsareinvitedfrombiddersregisteredinandcontrolledbyeligiblesourcecountries,whichrefertoallcountiesandregionsaccordingtothestipulationoftheLoanAgreement.Generaltermsandconditionstogetherwithqualificationrequirementsaresetoutinabook,whichisobtainedfromChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationbetween9:00and11:00a.m.(Beijingtime)fromNovember11toNovember17,2007(exceptSaturdayandSunday)againstnon-refundablepaymentof(amountofmoneyinfigures).50ListofEquipment:50AllbidsaretobevalidlyreceivedbyChinaNationalMachineryImportandExportCorporationbefore10:00onthespecificopeningdateattheaddressbelow.Bidswillbeopenedat10:30a.m.December18,2007(Beijingtime).Anyoffersubmittedaftertheclosingdateofbidorwhichdoesnotcomplywiththeabovetermswillnotbeaccepted.ChinaNationalMachineryImport&ExportCorporationAddress:Tel:Fax:PostCode:51Allbidsaretobevalidly參考譯文：招標(biāo)編號(hào)：0707CMCJ-0161332中國(guó)機(jī)械進(jìn)出口總公司投資邀請(qǐng)根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)財(cái)政部與日本國(guó)際合作銀行就營(yíng)口市供水工程簽訂的《貸款協(xié)議》，中國(guó)機(jī)械進(jìn)出口總公司受權(quán)通過(guò)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性投標(biāo)購(gòu)買(mǎi)下列貨物。本招標(biāo)采購(gòu)合同將由上述貸款予以支付。采購(gòu)設(shè)備清單如下：閥門(mén)（貨物數(shù)量：規(guī)格…簡(jiǎn)述）中國(guó)機(jī)械進(jìn)出口總公司誠(chéng)邀所有在符合《貸款協(xié)議》之規(guī)定的合格貨源國(guó)和地區(qū)登記注冊(cè)并受其管轄的投標(biāo)商密封投標(biāo)。52參考譯文：52招標(biāo)合同的一般條款及投標(biāo)資格要求在標(biāo)書(shū)中已列明，標(biāo)書(shū)可在2007年11月11日起至11月17日（星期六和星期日除外）止的每天上午的9點(diǎn)到11點(diǎn)（北京時(shí)間）以（金額……）從中國(guó)機(jī)械進(jìn)出口公司處購(gòu)買(mǎi)，售后不退。所有投標(biāo)書(shū)須于規(guī)定的開(kāi)標(biāo)日當(dāng)天上午10點(diǎn)之前送達(dá)位于下列地址的中國(guó)機(jī)械進(jìn)出口總公司并被有效接受。所有投標(biāo)書(shū)將于北京時(shí)間2007年12月18日10:30被啟封。投標(biāo)截止日期后提交的標(biāo)書(shū)或不符合上述規(guī)定的標(biāo)書(shū)恕不接受。中國(guó)機(jī)械進(jìn)出口總公司地址：電話：傳真：郵政編碼：53招標(biāo)合同的一般條款及投標(biāo)資格要求在標(biāo)書(shū)中已列明，標(biāo)書(shū)例3.代理合約香港勇盛電器廠有限公司（下稱制造商）和溫州風(fēng)暴電器有限公司（下稱代理商）已于今日二〇〇七年十二月二十日簽訂營(yíng)業(yè)代理合約，條件如下：1.代理商擔(dān)任廠商在溫州銷(xiāo)售本合約規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品的獨(dú)家代理。2.本合約涉及的產(chǎn)品如下：電視機(jī)、卡式收錄音機(jī)、洗衣機(jī)、電冰箱、真空吸塵機(jī)、電飯煲和其他各種家庭電器。3.制造商須提供代理商有上述產(chǎn)品價(jià)目表，全用CIF溫州的價(jià)格。在上述地區(qū)內(nèi)廠商產(chǎn)品的一切銷(xiāo)售上，代理商可得百分之八的傭金，即使廠商直接銷(xiāo)售由其他任何人或商行銷(xiāo)售運(yùn)到上述地區(qū)的該廠商產(chǎn)品，情況也一樣。

54例3.代理合約544.代理商必須存有廠商產(chǎn)品以便在上述地區(qū)內(nèi)銷(xiāo)售，并可決定它們的轉(zhuǎn)賣(mài)價(jià)格。5.代理商只受權(quán)在那些地區(qū)內(nèi)為廠商產(chǎn)品招攬訂單以及推銷(xiāo)其產(chǎn)品。6.本合約將保持有效直至任何一方至少提前九十天用掛號(hào)空郵向另一方發(fā)出書(shū)面通知終止合約為止。勇盛電器廠有限公司風(fēng)暴電器有限公司554.代理商必須存有廠商產(chǎn)品以便在上述地區(qū)內(nèi)銷(xiāo)售，并可參考譯文：AgencyContractYONGSHENGWORKSINC,HONGKONG(hereinaftercalledManufacturer)andBRAINSTORMINGELECTRICAPPLIANCESCO.,LTD.,WENZHOU(hereinafterreferredtoasAgent)haveonthis20thofDecember,2007enteredintoasalesagencycontractunderthetermsandconditionsstatedbelow:1.AgentshallactasthesoleandexclusiveagentinWenzhouforManufacturerforthesaleoftheproductshereinspecified.56參考譯文：562.Theproductscoveredbythiscontractare:televisionsets,cassetteradiorecorders,washingmachines,refrigerators,vacuumcleaners,electricricecookersandmanyotherhomeelectricappliances.3.ManufacturershallfurnishAgentwiththepricelistsofallofhisproductsstatedabove,allintermsofCIFWenzhou.Acommissionof8percentshallbeofferedonallsalesofManufacturer’sproductswithintheabove-mentionedterritoriesevenincaseswhereManufacturersellsthemdirectlyorwheresuchsalesaremadebyanyotherpersonorfirm,forshipmenttothesaidterritories.572.Theproductscoveredby4.AgentmustcarrystocksofManufacturer’sproductsforsalewithinthesaidterritoriesandmayfixtheresalepricethereof.5.AgentisonlyauthorizedtosolicitordersforManufacturer’sproductsandthesalethereofwithintheterritories.6.Thiscontractshallremaininforceuntilterminatedbyeitherpartybygivingawrittennoticeatleast90daysinadvancetotheotherpartybyregisteredairmail.YONGSHENGWORKSINC.BRAINSTORMINGELECTRICAPPLIANCESCO.LTD.

584.Agentmustcarrystocks例4.國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸合同ContractofInternationalTransportationofGoods ThisAgreementismadethistwentiethdayofOctober2007betweenTheInternationalTransportationCo.,Ltd.Of9SanchuanRoad,thecityofWeihai,PartyA,andTheFarEastTradingCo.,Ltd.Of12HongweiRoad,thecityofNanhai,PartyB. Witnesses:59例4.國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸合同59ThatPartyA,inconsiderationoftheagreementhereaftercontainedofPartyB,contractsandagreeswithPartyB,thathewilldeliver,ingoodandmarketablecondition,toPartyB,duringthemonthofApril,ofnextyear,fivethousandtonsofcoal,inthefollowinglots,andonthefollowingspecifiedterms,viz.:onethousandtonsbytheseventhofApril,onethousandtonsadditionalbythefourteenthofthemonth,onethousandtonsmorebythetwenty-first,andtheentirefivethousandtonstobealldeliveredbythethirtiethofApril.60ThatPartyA,inconsideraAndPartyB,inconsiderationofthepromptfulfillmentofthiscontractbyPartyA,contractsandagreeswithPartyAtopayforsaidcoal120yuan(Renmibi)pertonforeachtonassoonasdelivered. Incaseoffailureofagreementbyeitheroftheparties,itisherebystipulatedandagreedthatthepartysofailingshallpaytotheother600,000yuan(Renmibi)asfixedandsettleddamages. Inwitnesswhereof,thepartiesheretohavecausedthisagreementtobeexecutedinduplicatebytheirdulyauthorizedrepresentative.61AndPartyB,inconsideraPartyA:TheInternationalTransportationCo.,Ltd.MaoXihua LiuXiwen(Manager)PartyB:TheFarEastTradingCo.,Ltd.HanZhongwu WuQun(Manager)62PartyA:TheInternationalTra參考譯文：國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸合同 本合同簽訂于2007年10月20日，威海市三川路9號(hào)的國(guó)際運(yùn)輸有限公司為甲方，南海市紅衛(wèi)路12號(hào)的遠(yuǎn)東貿(mào)易有限公司為乙方。 茲約定： 考慮到乙方的允諾，甲方特與乙方訂立協(xié)議并同意：由甲方負(fù)責(zé)，于訂約年之翌年4月份一個(gè)月之內(nèi)向乙方運(yùn)送質(zhì)地優(yōu)良、符合行銷(xiāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的煤5000噸，并按下列期限分批交貨。既：到4月7日止交貨1000噸；到4月14日止另交貨1000噸；到4月21日止再交貨1000噸，至4月30日全部5000噸煤必須如數(shù)交訖。63參考譯文：63考慮到甲方承諾對(duì)本合同迅速履行，乙方特與甲方訂立協(xié)議并同意：對(duì)上述煤每噸支付人民幣120.00元，貨到即付。 訂約雙方任何一方如未能履約，根據(jù)合同規(guī)定并經(jīng)雙方同意：違約一方應(yīng)向?qū)Ψ劫r償人民幣60萬(wàn)元，作為商定的損失賠償費(fèi)。 本契約一式兩份，由雙方授權(quán)的代表簽立，特此為證。

甲方:國(guó)際運(yùn)輸有限公司 毛西華（經(jīng)理） 劉席文 乙方：遠(yuǎn)東貿(mào)易有限公司 韓中武（經(jīng)理） 武群64考慮到甲方承諾對(duì)本合同迅速履行，乙方特與甲方訂立協(xié)課后作業(yè)：1.Ifthecorrespondentbankisinstructedmerelytoadvisethecredit,itforwardstheprescribedtexttothebeneficiarywithoutengagementonitsownpart.2.Wehaveaddedourconfirmationonthecreditandengagethatdocumentspresentedtousinfullcompliancewiththetermsandconditionsofthecreditwilbedulyhonoured.65課后作業(yè)：653.Within30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract,theBuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstothesellerbyopeninganirrevocabelL/CforthefullamountofUSD30,000infavoroftheSeller

throughabankatexportpointsothattheSellermaydrawthesuminduetime.66664.IRREVOCABLELETTEROFCREDIT

IrrevocableCreditNo.

Date:

Alldraftsdrawnmustbemarked:“DrawnunderCreditNo.

”Messrs.

(Beneficiary)Gentlemen,Youareauthorizedtovalueon

Bank(Bankonwhichtodraw)fortheaccountof(client)uptotheaggregateamountof(currency)bydrawingyourdraftwithin

daysfor%(Percentage)invoicecostofConsularInvoice,accompaniedbyBillsofLadingandCommercialInvoice(evidencingshipmentofthecommodity).BillsofLadingmustbedatednolaterthan_____(date).674.IRREVOCABLELETTEROFCREDIAcopyoftheConsularInvoice,CommercialInvoice,andBillofLadingmustbemailedto