2019年浙江省高考英語(yǔ)試卷(解析版)【解析】

【解析】【解析】2019年浙江省高考英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）【精品解析】2019年6月普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（浙江卷）英語(yǔ)選擇題部分第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1?5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshiit?A.￡19.15.B.￡9?1&C.￡9.15?答案是C°1.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?【此處有音頻,請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.hiaclassroom?E?hiahospital.C?Illamuseum.【答案】B【解析】【詳解】W:Excuseme,sii;visitinghoursaieovernow.Youiwifemustgetsomeiest?M:Oh,I'msonydoctor.Ididn'thearthebell,orIwoulcfveleftearlier.2.WhatdoesJackwanttodo?【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Takefitnessclasses?E?Buyapairofgymshoes?C?Changehisworkschedule.【答案】A【詳解】M:Hello,mynameisJack.Ineedtogetinshape?HowdoIregisterfortheclasses?W:We']lneedyoutojomthegymandthenyoucanfindoutwhichclassesfitvouischedulethebest.3.Whataiethespeakerstalkingabout?【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Whattodiiiik.B.Wheretomeet.C.Whmtoleave?【答案】B【解析】【詳解】W:Tilseeyouatthetheatre.M:Betterstill,lefsmeetilltheRedLionbartohavealittlenicetalk.W:Goodidea,andrdlovetohaveadiinkthere.Whatistherelationsliipbehveentliespeakers?【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Colleges.E?Classmates.C?Stiangers.【答案】C【解析】【詳解】M:Hello,mynameisJolmAibe匚AndTmcallmgtoaskaboutthepositionadvenisedinFriday'sDailymait.W:Yes,thepositionisstillopen.Youcouldcomeoverandhaveatalkwithus.WhyisEnulymentionedintheconversation?【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】A.Shemightwantaticket.E?Sheislookingfortheman.C?Shehasailextraticket.【答案】A【詳解】M:Ihaveanextratickettotheconcerttonight.Wduldyouliketojomme?W:Thanks、butIalieadyhaveone.YoucanaskEmily.Shemightbeinterested.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】HowlongdidJamesninhisbusiness?A.lOyeais.E?13yecusC?15yeais?HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames*situation?A.Embanassed?E?Concerned?C?Disappointed?【答案】6.C7.B【解析】W:DidyouknowJameswentoutofbusiness?M:Reallv?Whenwasthat?W:Lastmonth.M:That*stoobad!Hehadownedthatbusinessfor15veais.Whathappened?W:Idon'tknow.Butlifemustbeprettytoughforliisfamilynow.Hissonsarestillsoyoung?Oneis13andtheotlieris10.M:Well,maybethingsaienotasbadastheyseemtobe.W:Ihopeso.【6題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【7題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

WhathasKate*smotlierdecidedtodo?A.Returntoschool.E?WhathasKate*smotlierdecidedtodo?A.Returntoschool.E?Changeherjob.WhatdidKate^motherstudyatcollege?A.Oilpaiiitiiig?E?Artliistory.adniuustiation.WhatisKate*sattitudetowaidhermother'sdecision?A.Disapproving?E?Aiubiguous.【答案】8.A9.C10.C【解析】W:Guesswhat?Mymother'sdecidedtogobacktoschool.M:Why?C?Retirefiomwork.C?BusmessC?Undeistandmg.W:WislLshealwayslovedart.butlearnedbusmessadniistrationatcollege,becauseherparentsthoughtitwasdifficultforanaitisttofindajob.M:Soshewantstostudyartnow?W:Yeali,oilpaining.It'sbeenherdieamforalongtnne.M:It'snicetoreturntoleaniwhatsheloves.But.Kate,Istillthuikoldageshouldbeaboutpeaceandrelaxation?HunyiiigtoschooleveiydayandhavingtopassexanissoundsabittoomuchforW:Youknow;sheretiredlastyearandFmleavingfortlieuniversitysoon.Sheneedstofindsometluiigmterestmgtodo.M:Well,maybe,ifit'swhatshewants.【8題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【10題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)卞面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處有音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

11?Whatisthemandoing?A.Chairmgameetmg.E?Hostingaradioprogram.C?Conductingajobmteiview.WhatbenefitsMarymostillherjob?A.H亡［widereadmg.A.H亡［widereadmg.E.Herleaders*guidance.C?Heifh亡lids'helpWhowillMarytalkaboutnext?A.Herteacher.E?A.Herteacher.E?HefatherC?Hermotlier.【答案】ll.E12.A13.C【解析】M:Dearlisteners,fortoday'sshow,Ihavewithme,mycolleague,MaiyLeimy.ShehasbeenaradioandTVleporteiformanyyears.Maiywelcometoourshow!W:It*sapleasuretobehere?M:Wouldyoupleasetellourlistenerswhomostinfluencedyourdecisiontobecomeareporter?Bothmyparentshadagreatmfluenceonmychoiceofwork,insteadoftiyiiigtopickoutajobforme,theyhelpedmelearnthosetilingsthatledmetoit?M:Howdidtheydothat?W:MyfatheralwaystoldmethataneducationwasoneofthegreatestadvantagesIcouldhave,onethatwouldalwaysstaywithme.Heusedtotellmethatleaderswereleaders,andencouragedmetoleadallIcould?Asaresult,I*vealwayskeptupwiththenewspapers,faithfullyreadmagazinesandlearnedtoreallyenjoybooks,allofwliichhavebeenavaluablehelptomeinradioandtelevisionTepoiTing.M:Whataboutyourmother?W:Weil,mymotherhelpedmeinamuchdifferentway.【11題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?2題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【13題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幱幸纛l，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whvdoesthemailseldomdoexercise?JA.H亡lacksmotivation.E.Hehasaheartproblem?C?H亡worksallthetime?WhatdoesJacobSattelinakprobablydo?A.He'sanatlilete?E?He*saresearcher.C?He'sajournalist.Whydoesthewomanspeakofastudy?A.Toencouragetheman?E.Torecommendanexercise?C?Tosupportherfindings.Howmuchtimewillthemanprobablyspendexercisingweekly?A.300minutes.B.150niiiiute.C.75minutes.【答案】14.A15.B16.A17.C【解析】M:Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforus,butsometunesitseemstoohardtoleavethesofa?W:Icanseetliat.Youseldomdoexercise.M:Plus,havingthedoctortellustogettwoandahalfhours'exerciseaweekdoesn'treallyhelpourmotivationmuch.W:Don'tbediscouiaged?Nowanewstudysuggestsgettingbenefitsfiomexercisedoesn'thavetobetliatdemanding.JacobSattehnau-fromHaivardUiiiveisitvhasdoneastudyintohowmuchexerciseisneededtolowertheriskofheartattacks.M:Mmm…，interesting!W:Thestudyshowedthatpeoplewhoputin300nmiutesaweekofexercisehada20%lowerriskofdeathduetoheaitdisease.Still,thepeoplewhoexercise115minutesaweekdidprettywell,too,loweringtheirdeathriskby14%?M:Andwhatabouttliepeoplewhoexercisehalfasmuchasthat,likewhatIprobablydo?Doesthat

help?W:Ofcourse,even15minuteswouldhelp?【14題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?5題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?6題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【17題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幱幸纛l，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdidthescientistsdototheroad?C.ThevblockeditJC?Ifssmooth.Theyrepaiiedit.C.ThevblockeditJC?Ifssmooth.Whyareyoungbiidsdrawntotheroadsuiiace?A.It'swarm.E?It'sbiowii.Whatistliepuiposeofthescientists1expeiiinent?A.Tokeepthebirdsthereforawholeyear.E?TohelpstudentsstudythebirdswellC?Topreventthebirdsfrombemgkilled?【答案】l&E19.A20.C【解析】Hereisapieceofnewsforbiidlovers?Scientistshavepamtedalongroad,red,yellowandwhite.Theyhelptodiscouragetheseabirdsfromwanderingontothehighway.Theareaishometolargecrowdsofbudsthatcometostayfortheseason.Youngbudsaieoftenattractedtothewarmroads'suiiaceandgetkilledbythetiaffic.Biologystudent.Haimahtellstliebroadcaster.Theyoungstei*sfeathersaiebrownincolor.Thedark-coloredroadsuiiacemakestheyoungsterhardtobenoticed.Asthenumberoftouristshasgrown,sohastheamountoftiafficontheroads.BiologistCluistensaystheplanistoseehowthebudsrespondtothemulti-coloredroadthissummer,andifitworks,tlieideacouldspreadtootherpartsofthecountry.【18題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略?！?9題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。【20題詳解】此為聽(tīng)力題，解析略。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2.5分，滿分25分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AZachaiiahFikehasanunusualhobby.Hefindsoldmilitary（軍RA的）medalsforsaleinantiquestoresandontlieInternet.Butunlikemostcollectors,Zactracksdownthemedals?rightfillowners,andreturnsthem?HisefforttoreunitefamilieswithlostmedalsbeganwithaChiistniasgiftfromhismother,aPuipleHeaitwiththenameCorradoA.GPiccoli,foundinanantiqueshop.ZacknowstliemeanmgofaPurpleHeart-heeainedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.Sowhenliismotliergavehimthemedal,heknewrightawaywhathehadtodo.TluoughtheInternetZactrackeddownConado^sisterAdelineRockko.Butwhenhefiliallyreachedher,thewomanfloodedhunwithquestions:nWhoareyou?Whatantiqueshop?MHowever,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshehadhandledthecall.SoshecalledZacbackandapologized.SoonshedrovetomeetZacinWatertown,N.YMAtthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness,MZacsays?"Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme.MThePiccolisgrewupthecluldrenofItalianmumgrantsinWatertown?Corrado,atranslatorfortheAimyduringWWII,waskilledinactioninEurope?BeforehearingfromZac,Adelinehadn'trealizedthemedalwasniissmg.Likemanynulitaiymedals,theoneZac^smotherhadfoundwasafamilytreasure."Thismedalwasveiyprecioustomypaients.Onlyonspecialoccasions（場(chǎng)合）wouldtheytakeitoutandletusholditinourhands,"Adelinesays?Asachild,Adelinecouldn'tunderstandwhythemedalwassosignificant.4<ButasIgrewolder?>Adelinesays,Handmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastlieonlythingwehadleft."CoiTadoPiccolfsPurpleHeartmedalnowhangsattheItalianAmericanCivicAssociationinWatertown?ZacrecentlyreturnedanotherlostmedaltoafamilyinAlabama?SmcehefirstreunitedCorrado'smedal,Zacsayshisrecordisnow5for5?WheredidZacgetaPinpleHeartmedalforhimself?A.Inthearmy.E?Inanantiqueshop?Fromhismoth亡匚D?FromAdelineRockko?WhatdidZacrealizewhenAdelinedrovetomeethun?A.Shewasveryimpolite?E.Shewasseriousaboutthemedal.C?Shesuspectedhishonesty.Shecamefromawealthyfamily.WhatmadeAdelinetreasuretliePurpleHeart?A.Herparents7advice.E?Herknowledgeofantiques?C?H亡［childhooddream?D?Hwmemoiyofherbrother.【答案】21.A22.B23.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。ZachanahFike有一個(gè)不同尋常的業(yè)余愛(ài)好：他在網(wǎng)上和古董店里尋找舊的軍隊(duì)勛章，然后將這些勛章歸還它們的合法主人。文章主要敘述了他這一愛(ài)好的起源?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)第二段中的“ZacknowsthemeanmgofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimselfmawaiasasoldierv可知，當(dāng)Zac還是一名士兵的時(shí)候，在一次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中他獲得了一枚PurpleH亡art。故A選項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme”可以推知，Adelme為了那枚PurpleHeart開(kāi)車八個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)見(jiàn)Zac,由此可知，她對(duì)于這件事是認(rèn)真地。因此，Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness應(yīng)該指的是Zac意識(shí)到Adelme對(duì)這枚勛章是認(rèn)真的。故B選項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Corrado,atranslator-?-waskilledinactioninEuropeM和倒數(shù)第三段中的“asIgrewolder-??andmissedmybrotliermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft”這枚勛章寄托了Adelme對(duì)于去世的哥哥Corrado的回憶和思念，這是他們家留下的唯一關(guān)于哥哥的東西了。因此她很珍惜這枚勛章。故D選項(xiàng)正確。BMomvwithnostiingsattached.It'snotsomethingyouseeeveiyday.ButatUmonStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboaidwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwitlipinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.HPeoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotlieispinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.44Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economicG七會(huì)經(jīng)7齊的）backgroundsgaveandtook,"saidTylerBndgesofTlieToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.nWeevenhadabndeinherweddmgdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip（片段）showsonenianwhohadfounda$20billpumiiigittotheboard?"WhatIcaiisayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattlieywerefiillofsmiles,'Bndgessaid."There'sacertamfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandtliatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.MMostpeoplewhotookdollaistookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchasthevcould?JWhiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign.Bndgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttiysmulaiprojectsandpostthekownvideosontheInternet?"Afterall,eveiyonehasbaddaysandgooddays/1hesaid."Somedaysyouneedahelpmghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpmghand?"Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?Moneyspentwithouthesitation.Moneynotlegallymade.C?Moneyofferedwithoutconditions?Moneynottiedtogether.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A.Wdmentendedtobemoresociable.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople?C?Economicproblemsweregettingworse?D?Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance?WhydidBridgescanyouttheproject?A.Todoatestonpeople'smorals.E.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C?Toearnhimselfagoodreputation?D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.【答案】24?C25.B26.D【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了上個(gè)月在洛杉磯的聯(lián)合車站，一塊牌子上別針別滿了美元，上面寫著“給予你所能給與的，拿走你所需要的”。這樣的活動(dòng)吸引了各種各樣的人，組織者希望通過(guò)這樣的活動(dòng)來(lái)提倡仁慈和同情?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。由第一段"ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwitlidollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan.TakeWhatYouNeed."可知，但是上個(gè)月在洛杉磯的聯(lián)合車站，一塊牌子上別針別滿了美元，上面寫著“給予你所能給與的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通過(guò)卞文的語(yǔ)境，判斷出第1段中的moneywithnostringsattached是“無(wú)條件提供的錢”的意思。故E選項(xiàng)正確。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段"“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的）backgroundsgaveandtook."saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,wliichcreatedtheproject,evenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboaidandtakeafewdollars.nJ知,發(fā)起該項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的泰勒?布里奇斯說(shuō)：''所有年齡、種族和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的人都會(huì)付出和索取。”甚至有一位穿著婚紗的新娘來(lái)到了牌子前，拿走了一些錢。所以通過(guò)泰勒?布里奇斯所說(shuō)的,可以判斷出，他提到新娘就是想說(shuō)明這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)吸引了各種各樣的人。故B選項(xiàng)正確。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Budgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympatliy”門J知,盡管這段視頻看起來(lái)像是一項(xiàng)新的廣告活動(dòng)的一部分，但是布里奇斯說(shuō)這次活動(dòng)唯一的目標(biāo)是表現(xiàn)出慷慨和同情。所以布里奇斯實(shí)施這個(gè)活動(dòng)是為了提倡仁慈和同情。故D選項(xiàng)正確。CCaliforniahaslosthalfitsbigtieessincethe1930s,accordmgtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseenistobeamajorfhctoi（因素）.Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,tlienewstudyfinds.Noaieawassparedorunaffected,fiomthefoggynortherncoasttotheSienaNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles?IntheSienahighcountry,tlienumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCalifonuathedeclmewasnearly75percent?Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods?AggressivewildfiiecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltieesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（資源）.ButincompaimgastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebem-een2001and2010.McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfiomwoodcuttingordevelopment?Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedtliegreatestwatershoitage.Theresearchersfiguiedoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettmgincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchtilingsaslainfaltairtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andtlietimingofsnowni亡It（融雪）.Sincetlie1930s,Mclntyiesaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenlisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheaii\andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringtliedryseason.Whatistliesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.E.TheiiicieasiiigvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees?C?ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests?D.ThemfluenceoffainiuigonbigtreesinCalifbniia.Whichofthefollowingiswell-mtentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests?E?Bamimgwoodcutting?C?Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A.Inadequatesnowmelt.E?Alongerdiyseason.C?Awannerclimate?D?Dampnessoftlieair?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.California^Forests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?E?CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC?WhyAietheBigTreesImpoitaiittoCaliforniaForests?D.PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】27.A28.D29.C30.A【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文，根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究表明，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來(lái)，加州已經(jīng)失去了一半的人樹(shù)，氣候變化似乎是其主要因素?！?7題詳解】主旨人意題。在第二段中，作者用具體數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明了人樹(shù)損失在各個(gè)地區(qū)的嚴(yán)重程度，沒(méi)有任何地區(qū)幸免或不受影響，故選A?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（資源）.可知，野火控制在控制了森林人火的同時(shí)，使得加利福尼亞的森林里擠滿了小樹(shù)，它們與人樹(shù)爭(zhēng)奪資源，這對(duì)人樹(shù)產(chǎn)生了不利的影響，故選D?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段tliebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstiessinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,????andearliersnowmelt,-??可知，造成加州水資源短缺的最大因素是氣溫的上升，以及較早的融雪，故選C。【30題詳解】主旨人意題。通讀全文可知，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來(lái)，加州已經(jīng)失去了一半的人樹(shù)，文章分析了引起該現(xiàn)彖的幾個(gè)主要因素。全文I韋I繞“加州森林的人樹(shù)都去哪兒了”話題展開(kāi)，故選項(xiàng)A符合題意。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Rockmusicconsistsofmanydifferentstyles?Eventhoughtliereisacommonspiritamongallmusicgroups,tlieymakeveiydifferentmusic.AtthattimetheBeatlesenteredtheworldofmusicfromLiverpool.AftertheyweregivenaninvitationtoappearliveonBBC,theBeatlesquicklybecamefamousinBritamwithnationwidetours.Bymid-1963,theBeatleshadbeenextremelypopularinEngland.32一Theyheldlargeconcertsandpeiiormedatclubs?TheybecamethehottestthingonthepopmusicsceneinEngland.Theybeganasamodestlysuccessfijlmusiciangroupandendedtheyearasshowbusinesshg亡！ids（傳說(shuō)）.JolmLemionandPaulMcCaitneywerenamedcomposersoftheveai\J_33_TheywerenotsurehowtheAmeiicaiiswouldreacttotlienewtypeofmusic.BeatlemaniahitNewYorkonFebmary7,1964.Hundredsoffansjanmiedtheairporttogreetthem.34一Theconcertwasbroadcastliveandattractedthelargestonenightaudienceintheliistoiyoftelevisionuptothattune.TheBeatlesweredescribedasaBritishinvasion（入侵）bylocalandnationwidenewspapersatthattime.TheirvictoiyinAmericawasstillrememberedasamajorturningpointintheliistoiyoflockandroll.ThankstotheBeatles,alotofoppoitumtieswereopeneduptonewfacesonthemarket._35_TheydecidedonatourtotheUiutedStatesin1964.Eventhenhairstylesbecamemajortrendsatthattime.Rockmusicdevelopedinthe1950sandtheearly1960s.However,theirsongschangedthelivesofgenerationstocome.ManyrockbandswereabletofollowiiithefootstepsoftlieBeatles.TheyappearedinthefilmsAHardDay'sMg加（1964）andHelp!（1965）.Theypel-formedtheufirstconceitinAineiicaatCBStelevision's53rdstieetstudio.【答案】31.C32.B33.A34.G35.E【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文中講述了披頭士的發(fā)展和影響，引領(lǐng)了一種潮流趨勢(shì)。【31題詳解】第一段講述搖滾音樂(lè)，根據(jù)空后的atthattune可知前句提到了時(shí)間，而且與rockmusrc有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)講的是搖滾音樂(lè)，并且講述了其發(fā)展的時(shí)間，故選C。32題詳解】空前后都是講述披頭士的出名程度，根據(jù)空前extremelypopulai"mEngland.以及后文的theybecamethehottestthing町知此處描述了他們的影響，選項(xiàng)B（甚至他們的發(fā)型在那時(shí)也成為了一種潮流）符合文意，且關(guān)鍵詞even是一個(gè)提示，故選B?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)空后TheywerenotsurehowtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic.（*（也們不確定美國(guó)人怎樣反應(yīng)），可知他們首次來(lái)美國(guó)演出，所以A項(xiàng)（決定首次到美國(guó)開(kāi)巡回演出）符合文意，故選A?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)空后Theconceitwasbroadcastlive-??nJ'知前句中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)concert?選項(xiàng)G中的關(guān)鍵詞thenfustconcert前后呼應(yīng)。故選G?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)空前（由于披頭士，市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn)了很多機(jī)會(huì)），E項(xiàng)（很多新樂(lè)隊(duì)（新面孔）都是模仿披頭士），符合邏輯。故選E。

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Thereaielotsofwaystoraiseawaienessforacause?Usually,the_36_theideais,themoreitgetsnoticed.Andthat'spreciselywhyone一37_Frenclunanhascaughtouiattention?BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope,suiviving_38_ondiscard亡d（去棄）fbod?Thetluee-month1900-imlejourneyfromPalistoWarsawisDubanchefs_39_ofraisingawaienessoffoodwasteinEuropeandtluoughouttheworld.Asyoucan_40_?thetripisnopieceofcake?Wliilerestaurants_4]_tonsoffoodeachyear,muchofitremaiiisinaccessiblebecauseof42_garbagecontainers,healtliregulations,orbusinesspolicies.Onlyaboutoneiiitenplaces_43_himfoodtliatwouldothenvisebediscarded?Forlegal_44,mostrestaurantshaveapolicyagainst_45_foodwaste.HSomepeoplehaveeven46—thekjobsbygivingmefood,MDubanchetsaid.What's_47_mterestingistheattitudevanouscitieshavetowardDubaiichefscause.Beilinhasbeenthe48—whilethemostdifficultwastheCzechtownofPilsen.There,hehadto_49_atsome_50_differentstoresorrestauiaiitsbeforefindingfood.The50isallthemoreseriouswhenyouconsiderthe_51_exerciserequiredtobikefromFrancetoPoland?”1havetogetfood_52_becauseafterallthebikingIamtiledandIneedthe_53_JDubanchetexplained?"Ismy_54_ftillorempty?Thatisthemostimportantthing,notwhatIameating：Heaimsto_55_liisjourneybynud-July.Withanyluck,he'llturnafewmoreheadsintlieprocess.A.clevererA.gaibage-eatinglaw-bieakmgA.secretlyB.olderBsportsJovingCprocess.A.clevererA.gaibage-eatinglaw-bieakmgA.secretlyB.olderBsportsJovingC?strangerC?food-wastingD.sunpierD?B.fiiiallvJC?entiielvJD.probably39.A.puiposeB.wavJC?opinionD.dream40.A.obseiveB.imagineC?suggestD?remember41.A?storeBcookC.shopforD.thiowaway42.A.lockedE.damagedC?coimectedD?abandoned43.A.boughtB.offeredC?oideiedD.sold44.A.reasonsB.lightsC.feesD.aids45.A.beggingforE.givingawayC.hidmgD.causing46.A.didB.keptC?acceptedD.risked47.A.haidlvJBusuallvC?particulailyD.merely48.A.easiestBnearestC?bigg亡stD.richest49.A.workBshoutC.askD.jump50.A.competitionE.conversationC?conflictD?challenge51.A.adequateB.rewaidmgC?demaiidmgD.suitable52?A.againBaloneC.laterD.fast53?A.spiiitE.eneigyC.timeD.effoit54.A.stomachBhandC?pocketD.basket55.A.arrangeB.restartC?reponD.finish【答案】36.C37.A3&C39.B40.B41.D42.A43.B44.A45.B46.D47.C48.A49.C50.D51.C52.D53.B54.A55.D【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講了一個(gè)吃垃圾的法國(guó)人引起了我們的注意，BaptisteDubanchet騎著自行車穿越歐洲，完全靠丟棄的食物生存?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)Usually,the36theideais,themoreitgetsnoticed,nf知這里意思是通常,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)越奇怪，它就會(huì)越受到關(guān)注。A.cleverer更聰明的：B.older更老的：C.stranger更奇怪；D.simpler更簡(jiǎn)單的，故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)BaptisteDubaiichetisbikingacrossEurope,surviving38ondiscarded（去棄）food.可知這里意思是那就是為什么一個(gè)吃垃圾的法國(guó)人引起了我們的注意。A.garbage-eating吃垃圾的：B.spons-loving愛(ài)好體育的；C.food-wasting浪費(fèi)食物的；D.law-breaking破壞法律的，故選A。【38題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：BaptisteDubanchet騎著自行車穿越歐洲，完全靠丟棄的食物生存。A.secretly秘密地：B.finally最后;C.entuely完全地：D.probably很可能,故選C。【39題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：從巴黎到華沙歷時(shí)三個(gè)月、1900英里的旅程，是Dubanchet引起歐洲和全世界對(duì)食物殘羹注意的道路。A.puipose@的：B.way道路：C.opuuon意見(jiàn)；D.dream夢(mèng)想，故選【40題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：你可以想彖，這次旅行不是小菜一碟。A.observe觀察；B.unagme想象；C.suggest建議;D.remember記得,故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：雖然餐館每年扔掉人量的食物，但由于垃圾容器上鎖、衛(wèi)生規(guī)定或商業(yè)政策,很多食物仍然難以接近。A.store存儲(chǔ)；B.cook做飯：C.shopfor購(gòu)買某物；D.tluowaway扔掉，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)itremainsinaccessible可知這里意思是垃圾容器上鎖。A.locked上鎖的；B.damaged被損壞的；C.connected連接的；D.abandoned被拋棄的，故選Aa【43題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：只有人約十分之一的地方給他提供了食物，否則就會(huì)被丟棄oA.bought買；B.offered提供：C.ordered命令；D.sold銷售，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：由于法律原因，大多數(shù)餐館都有禁止浪費(fèi)食物的政策。A.reasons原因；B.rights權(quán)利：C.fees費(fèi)用；D.aids援助,故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：由于法律原因，人多數(shù)餐館都有禁止分發(fā)食物殘?jiān)恼摺.beggmgfor乞求；B.givmgaway分發(fā)：C.hiding隱藏：D.causmg造成，故選Bo【46題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。上文說(shuō)由于法律原因，人多數(shù)餐館都有禁止分發(fā)食物殘?jiān)恼?。可知這里意思是有些人甚至冒著失業(yè)的危險(xiǎn)給我食物。Add做；B.kept保持；C.accepted接受；D.risked冒…的危險(xiǎn)，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：特別有趣的是各個(gè)城市對(duì)Dubanchet事件的態(tài)度。A.haidly幾乎不：B.usually通常；C.particularly特別是；D.merely僅僅，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)whilethemostdifficultwastheCzechtownofPilsen.可知這里意思是柏林是最容易的。A.easiest最容易的；B.neaiest最近的；C.biggest最人的：D.lichest最富有的，故選A。【49題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：在那里，他必須在大約50家不同的商店或餐館詢問(wèn)，才能找到食物。A.woik工作：B.shout呼喊：C.ask詢問(wèn)：D.jump跳躍，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)你考慮到從法國(guó)騎自行車到波蘭所需要的高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，挑戰(zhàn)就更加嚴(yán)峻了。A.competition競(jìng)賽：B.conversation會(huì)話：C.conflict沖突；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)，故選D°【51題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)你考慮到從法國(guó)騎自行車到波蘭所需要的高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，挑戰(zhàn)就更加嚴(yán)峻了。A.adequate充足的;B.rewarding有益的;C.demanding要求高的;D.suitable適當(dāng)?shù)?，故選C?！?2題詳解】考查副詞辨析。句意：我必須快點(diǎn)吃東西，因?yàn)轵T了那么多自行車，我累了，我需要能量。A.agani再一次；B.alone獨(dú)自地;C.later后來(lái);D.fast迅速地，故選D。【53題詳解】考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)becauseafterallthebikingIamtired町知我需要能量。A.spirit精神；B.energy能量；C.time時(shí)間；D.effort努力，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)Thatisthemostimportanttiling,notwhatIameatmg.nj'知這里意思是我的胃是滿的還是空的。A.stomach胃；B.hand手;C.pocket口袋;D.basket籃子，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)Withanyluck,he'llturnafewmoreheadsintheprocess.nJ'知這里意思是他計(jì)劃在七月中旬結(jié)束他的旅行。A.anange安排；B.restart重新開(kāi)始：C.report報(bào)告：D.fiiiisli結(jié)束，故選D。非選擇題部分第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第二節(jié)(共10小題:每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thereaieseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsaiegoodidea?Fiistofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneveiypupilintheschoolwearstheuniforni.nobody_56_(have)toworryaboutfhshion(時(shí)尚).Everybodyweais_57_samestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbeusefillinunexpectedways,AschoolinLelandhasiiitioducedaninterestmgnewuniform?Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth_58_匸givesofflightillthedark?Whentliecluldrenarewalkingor_59_(cycle)toschoolondaikmornings,caidriverscan_60_(easy)seethem.Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer一61一thisquestionisnotcleai\OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents*grades_62_(mipiove)alittleaftertheschoolintroducedunifonns?Butsomestudentsdidn'twant63一(wear)theumform?OtlwiAmericanstudiesshowedno64一(connect)betweenumfornisandschoolperformance.Schoolumfornisaie_65_(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetndofthem?Someverygoodschoolsdon'thaveauniformpolicy.However,uniformsarestillpopular.Pupilsatabout90percentofBritishsecondaiyschoolswearuniforms?【答案】56.has/willhave57.the58.that/wliichcyclingeasily61.tounprovedtoweaicoiinectioii/coimections65?tiaditional【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了學(xué)生穿校服的幾個(gè)好處?！?6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)每個(gè)學(xué)生在校穿校服時(shí)，沒(méi)有人會(huì)擔(dān)心時(shí)尚問(wèn)題。本句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，因此，主句可以使用將來(lái)時(shí)willdo：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，因此，本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是nobody,謂語(yǔ)用has。故填willliave/haso【57題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：每個(gè)人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the?！?8題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。這是個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是cloth,指物，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/whicho【59題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)孩子們?cè)诤诎档脑绯坎叫谢蝌T車上學(xué)時(shí)，汽車司機(jī)很容易看到它們。or連接兩個(gè)并列成分，根據(jù)or前的walking町知，此處要用cycling。故填cycling。【60題詳解】考查副詞。分析句式可知，設(shè)空處所給詞是修飾動(dòng)詞see,修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞，因此，用easy的副詞形式。故填easily?！?1題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案不清楚。thekey/answerto...這是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to?！?2題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在學(xué)校引入校服后，學(xué)生的成績(jī)有所提高。本句是after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，前后時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，從句使用了一般過(guò)去式，主句用一般過(guò)去式。故填unprovedo【63題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：但是，有一些學(xué)生不想穿學(xué)生服。wanttodosth想要做某事，這是want的固定用法。故填towear?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：其他的美國(guó)研究表明校服和學(xué)校表現(xiàn)之間沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。no是形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，位于名詞前，名詞可用復(fù)數(shù)也可用單數(shù)形式。connect是動(dòng)詞，“聯(lián)系”的意思，因此，要用其名詞形式。故填coimectioii/coiuiections。【65題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：穿校服在英國(guó)是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，但是一些學(xué)校開(kāi)始允許學(xué)生上學(xué)不用穿校服。aw是系動(dòng)詞，其后常用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，uadition是名詞，“傳統(tǒng)”的意思，因此用其形容詞形式。故填traditional。第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作（滿分15分）假定你是李華，經(jīng)常幫助你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的朋友Alex即將返回自己的國(guó)家。請(qǐng)給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1?表示感謝：回顧Alex對(duì)你的幫助：臨別祝愿。注意：1?詞數(shù)80左右；2可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫?！敬鸢浮繀⒖挤段穆浴窘馕觥俊驹斀狻勘绢}解析略。第二節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parents亡verywhe代praisetheirkids.JeimBerman,autliorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,nWe*vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenpaientstendedtobemorestiict.HBygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinktheylebuildmgtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite?Toomuchpraisecanbackfiieand.whengivenmawaythat'siiismcere,makekidsafraidtotiynewthmgsortakeariskforfeai-ofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirpaients*praisehasputthem?Still.don*tgotoofarintheotherduection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamaginggasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey*renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcaieand.asaresult,mayseenopomtintryinghardfortliekaccomplislmients.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimpoitaiitthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessometlungtliatdeservesaverbalreward.Hshouldespeciallyrecognizeourcluldreirseffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoacliieveagoal、"saysDonahue,authorofParentingWitlioutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatteis."Onethmgtorememberisthatitstheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.HYoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronliisteam?Butifhe*souttliereeveiydayandplaviiighard,youshouldpraisehiseffortlegaidlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanlecognizmgyourcluldwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport?Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbepToportionate（扌日稱的）totheamountofeffortyourcluldhasputintoit?【答案】參考范文略【解析】【詳解】本題解析略。2019年全國(guó)統(tǒng)一高考數(shù)學(xué)試卷（理科）（新課標(biāo)1【）（解析版）絕密★啟用前2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試?yán)砜茢?shù)學(xué)注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前,1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名.準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.作答時(shí)，務(wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷及草稿紙上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。一、選擇題：本題共12小題，每小題5分，共60分.在每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一項(xiàng)是符合題目要求的.1.設(shè)集合A={4x<5a+6>0},8={如<0},則AHB=D?(3,+8)D?(3,+8)C.(-3,-1)【答案】A【解析】【分析】先求出集合A，再求出交集.【詳解】由題意得,A={x|x〈2,或x〉3},B={x卜vl},則4cB={x|xvl}.故選A.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考點(diǎn)為集合的運(yùn)算，為基礎(chǔ)題目.2?設(shè)--3+21,則在復(fù)平面內(nèi)&對(duì)應(yīng)的點(diǎn)位于第一象限B.第二彖限C.第三象限D(zhuǎn).第四彖限【答案】C【解析】分析】先求出共軌復(fù)數(shù)再判斷結(jié)呆.【詳解】由乙=-3+2人得沁一3-2幾則。=-3-2幾對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)（-3,-2）位于第三象限.故選C?

【點(diǎn)睛】本題考點(diǎn)為共軌復(fù)數(shù)，為基礎(chǔ)題目.3?己知麗=(2,3),疋=(3,f),BC-1,則ABBC-A.-3B.-2C.2D.3【答案】C【解析】【分析】根據(jù)向量三角形法則求出t,再求出向屋的數(shù)量積.【詳解】由近=AC-AB=(lJ-3),陽(yáng)=jF+(f_3)2=1,得f=3,則葩=(1,0),亦?龍=(2,3)?(l,0)=2xl+3x0=2.故選C.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考點(diǎn)為平面向量的數(shù)量積，側(cè)重基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能，難度不人.4.2019年1月3口嫦娥四號(hào)探測(cè)器成功實(shí)現(xiàn)人類歷史上首次月球背面軟著陸，我國(guó)航天事業(yè)取得又一重人成就，實(shí)現(xiàn)月球背面軟著陸需要解決的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問(wèn)題是地面與探測(cè)器的通訊聯(lián)系.為解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，發(fā)射了嫦娥四號(hào)中繼星“鵲橋”，鵲橋沿著闈繞地月拉格朗口厶點(diǎn)的軌道運(yùn)行.厶點(diǎn)是平衡點(diǎn)，位于地月連線的延長(zhǎng)線上?設(shè)地球質(zhì)量為月球質(zhì)量為地月距離為R,厶點(diǎn)到月球的距離為兒根據(jù)牛頓運(yùn)動(dòng)定律和萬(wàn)有引力定律?滿足方程：(/?+廳嶺=(/?+,?)(/?+廳嶺=(/?+,?)設(shè)“令由于&的值很小，因此在近似計(jì)算中蔦;「皿,則「的近似值【答案】D【解析】【分析】本題在正確理解題意的基礎(chǔ)上，將有關(guān)式子代入給定公式，建立a的方程，解方程、近似計(jì)算.題目所處位置應(yīng)是“解答題”，但由于題干較長(zhǎng)，易使考生“望而生畏”，注重了閱讀理解、數(shù)學(xué)式子的變形及運(yùn)算求解能力的考查.【詳解】由a=2,得r=aRR所加"心占汁【點(diǎn)睛】由于本題題干較長(zhǎng)，所以，易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)之一就是能否靜心讀題，正確理解題意；易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)之二是復(fù)雜式子的變形出錯(cuò).5?演講比賽共有9位評(píng)委分別給出某選手的原始評(píng)分，評(píng)定該選手的成績(jī)時(shí)，從9個(gè)原始評(píng)分中去掉1個(gè)最高分、1個(gè)最低分，得到7個(gè)有效評(píng)分.7個(gè)有效評(píng)分與9個(gè)原始評(píng)分相比，不變的數(shù)字特征是A.中位數(shù)B.平均數(shù)C.方差D.極差【答案】A【解析】【分析】可不用動(dòng)筆，直接得到答案，亦可采用特殊數(shù)據(jù)，特值法篩選答案.【詳解】設(shè)9位評(píng)委評(píng)分按從小到人排列為兀＜x2＜x3＜x4..＜X8＜兀.則①原始中位數(shù)為心，去掉最低分X】，最高分〔，后剩余耳＜￡＜兀...＜血,中位數(shù)仍為心，???A正確.-1②原始平均數(shù)x=-(\<x2<x5<x4-<x3<x9)9后來(lái)平均數(shù)y=y(x2<x3<X4???<X8)平均數(shù)受極端值影響較人，???1與衛(wèi)不一定相同，E不正確④原極差=X9-Xx,后來(lái)極差=X8-X2顯然極差變小，D不正確.【點(diǎn)睛】本題旨在考查學(xué)生對(duì)中位數(shù)、平均數(shù)、方差、極差本質(zhì)的理解.6?若ci>b,則A.lu(a-b)>0B.3"今”C?W>0D.\ci\>\b\【答案】C【解析】【分析】本題也可用直接法，因?yàn)閍>b,所以d—b>0,當(dāng)a-b=1時(shí)，ln(a—b)=O,知A錯(cuò)，因?yàn)閥=31是增函數(shù)，所以3“>3"，故E錯(cuò)；因?yàn)槟缓瘮?shù)y=R是增函數(shù)，a>b,所以a3>b\知C正確;取a=l,b=-2,滿足a>b,l=|a|<|Z?|=2,知D錯(cuò).【詳解】取a=2,b=l,滿足a>b,\ii(a-b)=O,知A錯(cuò)，排除A；因?yàn)?=3“>3“=3,知E錯(cuò)，排除B；取。=l,b=—2,滿足ci>b,1—ci<|Z?|=2,