管系通用手冊(cè)

NanjingWujiazuiShipbuildingCo.,Ltd.STEELSHIPPIPINGGENERALMANUAL鋼質(zhì)船舶管系通用手冊(cè)Number 編號(hào)DRAWUP :編制TRANSLATION :翻譯VERIFY :核對(duì)EXAMINE :檢查AUTHORIZE :批準(zhǔn)CATALOG錄Scopeofapplication 適用范TOC\o"1-5"\h\z圍 1Pipingnameandcode管子名稱和編碼.…. 1Pipeclasses、materialandsize管子類型、材料和規(guī)格 2Principlesandrequirementtopiping管子原理和要求 4Technicalrequirementforpipeprocessing管子處理的技術(shù)要求 9Pipeconnectiontypeandrequirement管接形式和要求 16\o"CurrentDocument"Pipe treatment 管 子 處理 24Materialofgasketinpipeline管路墊圈材料 24Arrangementandmountingoffittingsinpipeline 管路附件布置和安25RequirementforinstallingACducts&refrigeratingpipe安裝空調(diào)和冷卻管路的要求 28TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"Pipe supporter 管 子 支架 30Installation ofpipes管子安裝 42RequirementforpipepassingthroughhullStructure管路貫穿船體結(jié)構(gòu)的要求 44Testingofpipe管子的測(cè)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z試 ..… 50Insulation 絕緣 52Paintcolor&insigniaofpipeline管子油漆和銘牌 55Scopeofapplication適用范圍，Thismanualspecifiestherequirementsofprocessing、arrangementandmountingforpipes、fittingsandsupports.本手冊(cè)規(guī)定了船舶管系、管系附件、管子支架的加工、布置、安裝要求及檢驗(yàn)規(guī)則。Thismanualissuitableforpipe-layingdesign,andpipeprocessing、arrangementandmountingforshipswhichwillbebuiltatourshipyard.Forspecialrequiredpipes,theprocessingandmountingshouldbe

accordingtospecialdrawingsorspecialworkmanshipfor thesinglevessel.本手冊(cè)適用于我廠建造船舶的管系設(shè)計(jì)和管子加工、布置、安裝。對(duì)有特殊要求的管子加工、安裝以圖紙要求為準(zhǔn)或另編單船專用工藝。Thismanualisn'tsuitableforplasticpipesprocessingandmounting.本手冊(cè)不適用于塑料管的加工和安裝。Pipesystemnameandcodenumber 系統(tǒng)名稱與編碼代號(hào)1PipesystemnameandcodenumberseeTable1. 管路系統(tǒng)編碼代號(hào)見(jiàn)表1Table1Pipesystemnameandcodenumber表1系統(tǒng)名稱與編碼代號(hào)CodeNo.編碼代號(hào)NameS稱ACAirConditioningDuct 空調(diào)風(fēng)管ALAcetylenePipe乙快管AOAirPipe,OilTank油艙透氣ASCompressedAir,Starting 起動(dòng)空氣AWAirPipe,Watertank水艙透氣BFBoilerFeedWater鍋爐給水BLBilgeLine 全船艙底水BPBallastPiping全船壓載水CACompressedAir,Control&Service 低壓（雜用及其他）壓縮空氣CFCooling,FreshWater 淡水冷卻CHCargoTankHeatingSystem貨油艙加熱系統(tǒng)CLCondenseLine蒸汽回汽凝水CSCooling,Seawater海水冷卻DADrainage,OverAll 全船疏排水DCDraining,CondensedWater凝水排放DWDeckWashingSystem甲板沖洗EPExhaustPiping排氣（煙）管EMExtinguishing,MachinerySpace機(jī)艙化學(xué)滅火FBFuelforBoiler 鍋爐燃油FCCOSystem二氧化碳管FDFuelOilDrainage 燃油泄放FEFire-ExtinguishingSystem消防水FFFoamFireExtinguishLine 泡沫滅火FLFillingLine,OilTank 油艙注入FOFuelOilSupply 燃油供給FPFuelOilPurifying燃油凈化FTFuelOilTransfer 燃油輸送（駁運(yùn)）

HCHeatOilCoil燃油加熱HOHeatOil熱油系統(tǒng)HYHydraulicoilpipe 液壓管LCCargoLoadingManifold輸油（貨油裝卸）LDLubricatingOilDraining 滑油泄放LMLevelmonitoringpipe 液位遙測(cè)管LOLubricatingOilSupply 滑油供給LPLubricatingOilPurifying 滑油凈化LTLubricatingOilTransfer 滑油輸送OFOverflowpipe溢流管OXOxygenPIPE氧氣管PCCablePipe電纜管RPRefrigerantpipe 制冷劑管RWRefrigeratedwaterpipe 冷凍水管SADrainage,overallsoil 全船糞便污水排放SCCargoStrippingSystem 貨油艙掃艙SOSoundingTube,Oiltank油艙測(cè)深SPSteamPiping蒸汽SSSprinkleSystem灑水SWSoundingTube,watertank 水艙測(cè)深VPVoicepipe傳話管VSVentilationSystem通風(fēng)WDDrinkingwatersystem飲用水WFFreshwatersupplyingsystem 淡水供給WHHotwatersystem熱水WSSeawatersupplyingsystem 海水供給Explanatorynotes:說(shuō)明XXAO13——01XX PartIofsystemcodenumber:twonumbers,standforpipearea.區(qū)域代號(hào)-----系統(tǒng)編號(hào)代碼第一部分（二位）： 數(shù)字碼，代表管件區(qū)域代號(hào);AO PartIIofsystemcodenumber:twoletters,standforpipesystem.系統(tǒng)代碼---系統(tǒng)編號(hào)代碼第二部分（二位）： 字母，代表管件系統(tǒng)代碼；13 PartIIIofsystemcodenumber:twonumbers,standforpipeitem.管件代號(hào)----系統(tǒng)編號(hào)代碼第三部分（二位）：數(shù)字碼，代表管件代號(hào)；01 PartIVofsystemcodenumber:twonumbers,standforpipeitem.管件序號(hào)----系統(tǒng)編號(hào)代碼第四部分（二位）：數(shù)字碼，代表管件序號(hào)。Pipegrade、materialandsize 管子等級(jí)，材料，規(guī)格

Pipegrade 管子等級(jí)Normally,pipesaredividedintoI 、II、IIIthreegradesbaseduponthepressureand/ortemperaturethepipesneedtoundertake,seetable2船舶耐壓管系按其設(shè)計(jì)壓力和溫度，一般分為 I、II、III三級(jí)見(jiàn)表2。具體管子等級(jí)應(yīng)根據(jù)所入級(jí)船級(jí)社規(guī)范而定Table2Pipegrade管系等級(jí)Pipesystem管系gradeI一級(jí)gradeII二級(jí)gradeIII三級(jí)Designpressure設(shè)計(jì)壓力MpaDesigntempera.設(shè)計(jì)溫度CDesignpressure設(shè)計(jì)壓力MpaDesigntempera.設(shè)計(jì)溫度CDesignpressure設(shè)計(jì)壓力MpaDesigntempera.設(shè)計(jì)溫度CSteamandthermaloil蒸汽和熱油>1.6or>300<1.6and<300<0.7and0170Fueloil燃油>1.6or>150<1.6and<150<0.7and<60Othermedium其他介質(zhì)>4.0or>300<4.0and<300<1.6and<200Note:注Othermediummeansair、water、lubricationoilandhydraulicoil,etc.其它介質(zhì)指空氣、水、滑油和液壓油等Open-endedpipesi.e.drainage、overflowandventpipesofboileraregradeIIIpipes.不受壓的開(kāi)式管路，如泄水管、溢流管、透氣管和鍋爐放汽管等為 III級(jí)管系。Materialandsize 材料和規(guī)格.Pipematerial,forgradeI&IIpipe,10#steeltobechosen(standernumber:GB5312-87);AndforclassIIIpipe,10#steeltobechosen(standernumber:GB8163-87).管子材質(zhì)：I、II級(jí)管選用10#、20#(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)號(hào)：GB5312-87),III級(jí)管選用10#、20#(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)號(hào)：GB8163-87)。SeamlesssteelpipewillbechosenmainlyaccordingtoTable 3.Ifconflictingoccur,rulesofclasssocietytobeobeyed.無(wú)縫鋼管的規(guī)格優(yōu)先選用表3。若特殊系統(tǒng)管子外徑、壁厚按規(guī)范要求與表3不符合時(shí)，則以規(guī)范要求為準(zhǔn)。Table3Seamlesssteelpipe表3無(wú)縫鋼管規(guī)格優(yōu)先選用表NominalOutsideThickness厚度

diameter管徑Diameter管子外徑ABC10172.52.53.215222.53.54.020272.53.54.025342.53.54.532423.53.54.540483.54.07.050603.54.07.065764.55.57.080894.55.57.01001145.06.08.51251405.57.08.51501685.57.59.52002196.58.511.02502736.59.513.03003257.511.015.03503779.012.015.04004269.013.015.0Copperpipewillbechosenmainlyaccordingtotable4紫銅管的規(guī)格優(yōu)先選用表4。Table4Copperpipe表4紫銅管規(guī)格優(yōu)先選用表Outsidediameter(mm)PipewhichwillpriortobechosenCopperpipeAlloypipe8-101.00.812-201.21.025-44.51.51.050-762.01.5Allpipesuponarrivalintheyardshouldhavemakers'certificatesofqualification,andallpipeswhichwillbeusedasgradeI&IIshouldhavecertificateofclasssociety、heatnumberandbatchnumber.到廠的各種管材必須具有制造廠質(zhì)量保證書(shū)， 所有I級(jí)和II級(jí)管子應(yīng)具有船檢證書(shū)及制造生產(chǎn)罐號(hào)，并按管子的材料、級(jí)別、規(guī)格分類妥善保管。Uponarrivalintheyard,beforestowing,visualinspectionistobeconductedtothepipesagainsttechnicaldocuments.Forseamlesssteelpipe,thefaultsofcrack 、clinker-built、folding、rollinganddelaminatingetcarenotallowedonpipeinternalandexternalsurface,ifthereareabove-mentionedfaults,theyshouldbecleanedup.Thepipethicknessreductioncausedbycleaningupshouldnotexceedvaluethatruleand/orstandardpermitted.Forseamsteelpipeinternalandexternalsurface,thefaultsofcrack、undercutting、splashanddepressionetcwhichmaycausedbyweldingarenotallowed.Andforthenon-ferrouspipesurface,itshouldbesmoothandclean,andthefaultsofcrack、pinholes、air-bubble、delaminatingandcorrosionetcarenotallowed.管子入庫(kù)前，應(yīng)對(duì)管材內(nèi)外表面質(zhì)量進(jìn)行檢查。無(wú)縫鋼管內(nèi)外表面不得有裂縫、裂紋、折疊、結(jié)疤、軋折、分層等缺陷存在，如有上述缺陷應(yīng)予清除，清除部位的壁厚減薄量不得超過(guò)材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)允許的負(fù)偏差；有縫鋼管內(nèi)外表面不允許存在由于焊接引起的裂紋、咬口、飛濺、凹陷等缺陷；有色金屬管子表面應(yīng)光滑清潔，不應(yīng)有針孔、裂縫、氣泡、離層、銹蝕等缺陷。Whenorderingcarbonsteelpipe、Stainlesssteelpipe、copperpipeandaluminumpipe,therequirementofannealingtreatmentshouldbeforwardedtothemaker.碳素鋼管、不銹鋼管、銅管、鋁管在訂貨時(shí)，應(yīng)向制造廠提出退火處理要求。Theconnectingfittings,e.g.pre-fabricatedbendsandreducersetc.refertoGB1245990,shouldbesuppliedmakers'certificatesofqualificationsbeforestowinginwarehouse.定型彎頭、異徑接頭等連接件，可參照 GB12459-90,必須有材料質(zhì)量保證書(shū)方可入庫(kù)。Principlesandrequirementsofpipinglayout 管系布置原貝U與要求Thepipelineshouldtrytokeepstraightandreducethebendsatmostpossible.Anyway,thepipinglayoutshouldbecompliancewiththerequirementofinternationalshipbuildingrules、regulationsandalsotheauthorityrequirementofthecountrywhichtheflagisflied.Thepipelineshouldhaveenoughreliabilityandeasyoperationforthecrews.管路盡可能直線布置，彎頭盡可能少，同時(shí)要符合有關(guān)船舶建造規(guī)范、國(guó)際公約、國(guó)際規(guī)則以及掛旗國(guó)港口法規(guī)，并應(yīng)有足夠的可靠性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性，力求滿足船員使用要求。Thespacingofparallelpipesi.e.adjacenttwopipes(includingpipefittings)orpipeandhullconstructionnormallyshouldexceed20mm,shownasFig.1,butthesmallestspacing(afterpipebeinginsulated)isnotlessthan10mmAtsomeplaceswherethespaceisverytight,it'sallowedthatthespacingexceed2mm.并行管或交叉管或鄰近的二根管子(包括管子附件)或與船體結(jié)構(gòu)間距宜在20mmz上，圖1所示，但最小間距(管子包扎后)不少于10mm在空間非常緊的位置上，允許間距2mm以上fig.1圖1Thedistancebetweenfollowingpipeandcableshouldexceed100mm.下列管子與電纜的距離應(yīng)在100mm以上Outsidesurfaceofinsulationforsteampipe.蒸氣管絕熱層外表Outsidesurfaceofinsulationforexhaustpipe.排氣管絕熱層外表Thearrangementofpipelineanditsfittingsshouldensureoperation,maintenanceandrepairconvenientlyduringtheperiodofservicing,andalsotoavoidcollisionandinfluencepeoplepassingthrough.管路及其附件的布置， 應(yīng)保證在營(yíng)運(yùn)期間能方便地操作和維修， 同時(shí)能有效地避免碰撞，不影響人通過(guò)。Accordingtotherequirementofeachequipment,thenecessaryfreespacefortheequipmentdismantling、maintenance、repairingandcheckingshouldbeconsidered.Pipesarenotallowedtoarrangeinsidethesespaces.應(yīng)根據(jù)各設(shè)備的要求考慮其拆裝、維修、檢查等必要的空間，在此空間內(nèi)不宜設(shè)置管路。Whencables、pipesandventductsgothroughthesameverticalcrosssection,itshouldbearrangedfromuptodownaccordingtothesequenceofcables-pipes-ventducts,whenpipesareovercablesunavoidably,it’snotallowedtohaveremovableconnectors.當(dāng)電纜、管子、風(fēng)管位于同一垂直位置時(shí)，一般應(yīng)由上而下按照電纜——管子——風(fēng)管的順序布置，當(dāng)管子不可避免地穿過(guò)電纜上方時(shí)，不得有可拆接頭。Forthepipeswhichmayendureexpansionorotherstrengths,thenecessarycompensationstepse.g.bendingpipesoraddingexpansionjointsorflexiblejointsarealwaystaken.對(duì)承受熱脹冷縮或其它應(yīng)力的管子， 應(yīng)采取管子彎曲或加膨脹接頭或伸縮接頭等必要的補(bǔ)償措施。Whenthepipelinesarearrangedinlongdistancestraightline,e.g.thermaloilpipe、exhaustpip、boilersmokeexhaustpipe、steampipe、cargooilpipe、strippingpipeandballastpipeetc,theexpansion/shrinkingofpipesandhulldeformationetcaretobetakenintoconsideration,andthegradeofconnectingboltsarealsoneedtobeconsidered.尤其要注意熱油管、排氣管、鍋爐排煙管、蒸氣管、貨油管、掃艙管、壓載管等長(zhǎng)距離直線布置時(shí)， 管子的熱脹冷縮、 船體的變形等， 同時(shí)要考慮到連接螺栓的強(qiáng)度等級(jí)。Generally,itisnotallowedthatfreshwaterpipespassthroughoiltanksorthatoilpipespassthroughfreshwatertanks.Ifit ’sunavoidable,thepipesshouldgothroughthepipetunnelorthejacketpipe.Ifotherpipesexceptfreshwaterpipespassthroughoiltanks,thepipesshouldbethickened,andremovableconnectorsshouldbeavoidedatmostpossible.淡水管不得穿過(guò)油艙； 油管不得穿過(guò)淡水艙。 若不可避免時(shí)， 應(yīng)在密封通道或套管內(nèi)通過(guò)，其它管子通過(guò)油艙時(shí)，管壁應(yīng)加厚，并不得有可拆接頭。Arrangementofsewagepipes糞便管的布置.Sewagepipesarenotallowedtopassthroughfreshwatertanks.糞便管不得穿過(guò)淡水艙。Whensewagepipebeinghorizontalarranged,itshouldhave50:1slopealongflowdirection糞便管水平布置時(shí)應(yīng)按流向 50：1的斜度。Atspecialpositionwhenthesewagepipescanonlybehorizontal,thelengthshouldbeshortasfaraspossibleandshortsocketforcleaningneedtobeaddedatnecessarypositions.特殊部位只能平直時(shí)，管子長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)盡量短，在必要位置增設(shè)疏通接頭Sewagepipescannotarrangedabovethebedsinsidethecabin,ifunavoidable,itcannothaveremovableconnectors.糞便管盡量不布置在床鋪上方，若需布置時(shí)不應(yīng)有可拆接頭。Thefueloiltank、ventpipes、overflowpipes、soundingpipesandfillingpipesoftanksshouldnotpassthroughcabinsgenerally.Ifunavoidable,removableconnectorscannotbefittedinsidethecabins.燃油艙、柜的空氣管、溢流管、測(cè)深管、注入管應(yīng)避免通過(guò)居住艙室。不可避免時(shí)則通過(guò)該艙室時(shí)，不得有可拆接頭。Intherangeofappropriatedistancearoundtheswitchboard、electriccontrolboxes、electricmotorsandimportantinstruments,thesteampipes、exhaustpipes、boilersmokeexhaustpipes、waterpipes、oilpipesandtheirfittingsarenottobefitted.Ifit’sunavoidable,theremovableconnectorscannotbefitted,ortheeffectiveprotectionstepsshouldbetaken.配電板、電控制箱、 馬達(dá)及重要儀表的上方或前后適當(dāng)距離的范圍內(nèi)， 不得設(shè)置蒸氣管、排氣管、鍋爐排煙管、水管、油管及其附件。不可避免時(shí)，則不得設(shè)置可拆接頭，或采取有效的防護(hù)措施。Abovetheboilersmokeducts、steampipes、exhaustpipesandsilencer,theoilpipesoroiltanksshouldbeavoided.Ifit’sunavoidable,theremovableconnectorscannotbefitted,ortheeffectiveprotectionstepsaretobetaken.鍋爐、煙道、蒸氣管、排氣管及消音器上方，應(yīng)避免設(shè)置油管或油柜。不可避免時(shí)，則不得設(shè)置可拆接頭，或采取有效的防護(hù)措施Fortheventpipes,generallycondensedwaterblockshouldbeavoided.Andwhentheventpipesarearrangedonfreeboarddeckordeckofsuperstructure,theheightsseeFig.2.空氣透氣管，一般應(yīng)避免冷凝水滯留現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生。對(duì)于海船空氣透氣管布置在干舷甲板或上層建筑的船樓甲板上時(shí)，其高度應(yīng)符合圖 2要求。

Fig.2圖2Fig.2圖24.14Thepipesofdoublebottomtanksanddeeptanksleadingupwardtofreeboarddeck,cannotbearrangedinsidecabins/tanks.雙層底艙及深艙的空氣管，必須向上引至干舷甲板上，不得布置在室內(nèi)4.15Theoverflowpipesanddrainagepipesaregenerallyclinedownward,andtheventpipesarealwaysclineupward.溢流管，甲板疏排水管等應(yīng)向下傾斜，對(duì)于空氣管則應(yīng)向上傾斜。4.16Whenthescuppersarearranged,thethicknessofdeckcoveringandheat-insulatinglayeraretobenoted.甲板漏水口的布置應(yīng)便于排出積水，其安裝要注意甲板敷料和隔熱層的厚Domesticwaterpipesanddrainagewaterpipesetc.generallycannothaveremovableconnectorsinsidethecabin,exceptwhichconnecttotheWC-moduleandwashing-basin.生活管系在居住艙室內(nèi)布置時(shí)，除與衛(wèi)生單元和洗池連接處外一般不宜用可拆接頭。特殊情況，應(yīng)征得船東同意Thepipesandductsforsuperstructurecabinsaregenerallyarrangedinthecorridors.Ifit'sdifficulttoputallthesepipesandductstogether,theACductsandventilationductscanlayoutinsidecabins,andthewaterpipesandsteampipesshouldavoidpassingthroughthecabinsatmostpossible.上層建筑的管系、風(fēng)管盡可能布置在內(nèi)走道，內(nèi)走道空間位置有困難時(shí)，優(yōu)先將空調(diào)管布置在居住艙室內(nèi)，壓力管、蒸汽管盡可能避免穿過(guò)居住艙室。Thepipes,whichpassthroughthecabinsvertically,shouldavoidpassingthroughtheplaceswherethewindowswillbemounted.上下穿過(guò)居住艙室的管子，應(yīng)注意隱蔽，沿舷邊上下的管子應(yīng)避免通過(guò)有舷窗的位置。Thepipes,whichpassthroughthecabins'insulation,shouldnothaveremovableconnectors.絕緣層內(nèi)不得布置可拆接頭的管子Thepipes,whichpassthroughthecargoholds,shouldbeprotected.穿過(guò)貨艙區(qū)的管子應(yīng)加以保護(hù)。Thepipes,whicharearrangednearthemanholes,shouldnotinfluenceopeningthemanholecoversandpassingthroughforpeoples.人孔附近布置管子時(shí)，不得影響人孔蓋的打開(kāi)，也不能影響人的通過(guò)Forthepipesinsidethedoublebottomtanksandotherhullstructuretanks,thepipescanpassthroughthelight-weightedholes,buttheenoughspaceforpeoplepassingthroughshouldbeconsidered.對(duì)于雙層底或各種船體結(jié)構(gòu)艙柜內(nèi)管子， 可利用減輕孔布置， 但要考慮到人能較方便地通過(guò)。Whenthepipesarearranged,thetechnicalcharactersofpipesfabricating、grinding、galvanizingandmountingshouldbeconsidered.E.g.thepre-fabricatedbendsaregenerallynotusedinthepipesDN <100,exceptsomespecialcrowdedplaces.Andthespacesbetweentheendofventpipesandshellshouldensurethepossibilityofdoubleweldingetc.管路布置時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮管子制作、打磨、鍍鋅和安裝的工藝性，如 DNC100的管子一般不用定型彎頭拼接， 特殊部位才選用定型彎頭。 透氣管的端部距舷邊（或船體結(jié)構(gòu)）應(yīng)保持一定的距離，以保證雙面焊接的可能性。Layingthepipesabovethebilgewellsshouldbeavoided,ifit’sunavoidable,necessaryoperatingspacesforcleaningthebilgewellsshouldbeensured.污水井上方避免布置管路，不可避免時(shí)，應(yīng)保證清潔污水井所需要的操縱空間ThedistancebetweenthereturnedpipeandsuctionpipeforlubricationoilcirculationtankshouldbelaidasfaraspossiblesoasnottosucktheairandimpuritiesintotheM/E.滑油循環(huán)艙中的回油管和吸入管， 應(yīng)盡可能相互遠(yuǎn)離， 以免氣泡和雜質(zhì)進(jìn)入吸入管內(nèi)Aboutthemountingpositionsofoverboarddrainagevalves,somefactorse.g.ship’sdraft、draftmark、ship’sname、accommodationladder、lifeboatdavit、theshellplateweldingseamandblockconnectionseamshouldbeconsidered.舷外排出閥的安裝位置，應(yīng)考慮到船舶吃水、外板水尺、船名、舷梯、救生艇升降，船體外板拼板板縫，大合攏縫等因素。Thepipesexceptwhichbelongtotherefrigeratingsystemshouldbeawayfromtherefrigeratedroomasfaraspossible.非冷藏裝置的管子應(yīng)盡可能避開(kāi)冷庫(kù)。Itshouldbeavoidedthatpipesgothroughtheprovisionstoresandclothingstore,ifit’sunavoidable,theremovableconnectorscannotbefittedinsidethesearea.糧食庫(kù)、被服艙應(yīng)避免管子任意穿越， 凡穿過(guò)該類艙的管子， 不允許有可拆接頭。Whenlayingpipes,itshouldbenotedtopreventfromgeneratingairblockinthewatercoolingsystem.Italsoshouldbenotedtoavoidsiphonphenomenonoccurringbetweenthetanksandtheirpipes.在布置管路過(guò)程中， 應(yīng)注意防止冷卻系統(tǒng)和與熱交換器連接的管子產(chǎn)生氣囊現(xiàn)象，各種箱柜及其管路布置中，應(yīng)注意避免虹吸現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生Fillingpipesarenormallyarrangedclosetoboardsideandbulkheadandconvenienttooperate.

注入管應(yīng)盡量布置在靠近舷邊和艙壁便于操作的地方。Whenlayingthepipes,thepossibilityoffittingthepipes'supportsistobeconsidered.Thepipes'supportsshouldbefittedonthehullstructuralcomponentsatmostpossible.Ifthesupportshavetobefittedondeckandbulkhead,shownasFig.3,thesupports'padsshouldbeadded,indicatedastable5.管路布置時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮管子支架布置的可能性，應(yīng)盡可能布置在船體構(gòu)件上，若布置在非肋位甲板、壁板上如圖3,一律加焊支架墊板如表5Table5supportpad表5支架墊板規(guī)格No.廳pSupportanglesteelsidelength支架角鋼邊長(zhǎng)Pad墊板1L30*30*3,L40*40*4①60*82L50*50*5,L65*65*6①100*83L75*75*8①110*84L100*75*8①130*8Whenpipesbeingarrangednearthepositionwhereship'sformchangssharply,somedistanceshouldbepre-leftinordernottohitthehullstructurecausedbyhullbuildingtolerance.在船體線型變化較大部位附近布管時(shí)，應(yīng)預(yù)留一定距離，以防船體建造誤差引起管子與船體相碰Itshouldbenotedtoavoidthecollisionthatthepipeconnectingpiecesand

hullbracketplates.應(yīng)注意管路連接件與船體肘板折邊的相對(duì)位置，避免相碰。Thesoundingpipesshouldbearrangedverticallywithdeck,andspeciallyfortheoiltanksthesoundingpipesshouldbeledtothesafeplacesonopendeck.Theupperpartofthesoundingpipesseetable6,theanti-hittingplateorclosingplateinoiltankshouldbemadeofcopperplate.測(cè)量管布置力求與甲板垂直，而對(duì)油艙應(yīng)引至露天甲板上的安全位置，其下端結(jié)構(gòu)形式分別見(jiàn)A型圖4和B型表6,油艙內(nèi)防擊板或封板均需用銅板制。圖4圖4Table6sound表6B型測(cè)量管Soundingpipenominaldiameter測(cè)量管通經(jīng)AntihittingplatedimensionDxT防擊板Distanceofsoundingpipebottomendandanti-hittingplateSketch簡(jiǎn)圖

尺寸DxT測(cè)量管下端與防擊板距離L<40120x1420?35TypeBsoundingpipeB型測(cè)量管? MHindin*plpranilHkinij仙博心!j| 白|>40?65120x1615?20udIfTheslopeofsteampipingandthequantityandlocationofdrainvalvesorcocksaresoarrangedthatthecondensingwatercanbeeffectivelydrainedundertheconditionofship'snormaltrim,zerorim(uprighttopup)orlistnotexceed5蒸汽管布置的斜度和放水閥或旋塞的數(shù)量、 位置、應(yīng)在船舶處于正?？v傾、正浮或橫傾不超過(guò)5°時(shí)，能使蒸汽管系任何段有效地泄放凝水。Thesteampipingisnotallowedtogothroughtheelectricstoreandpaintstore,andalsonotallowedtogothroughcargoholdsgenerally.蒸汽管不得穿過(guò)燈具間和油漆問(wèn)，一般也不得穿過(guò)貨艙。ForthegradeIIIpipeswhichpeoplearenoteasytoaccessorverydifficulttofitanddismantle,weldingsleevestobeusedasconnectors,andbuttweldingforclassIandclassIIpipes.對(duì)人不易到達(dá)，或拆裝非常困難的III類管子，應(yīng)使用焊接套管連接，I、II類管子采用對(duì)接焊。TheradiusRofcoldbentpipe 冷彎管的直徑RtheradiusR*ofpre-fabricatedbend 定型彎頭的直徑R*5Technicalrequirementofpipeprocessing 管子力口工技術(shù)要求Specificationoftheequipment設(shè)備規(guī)格Thepipe-bendingmachineshouldingoodworkingcondition.彎頭機(jī)械為完整狀態(tài)ForDN<150mmsteelpipe,it'snormallycoldbentbybendingmachine,butthepipesinspecialnarrowplacesonboardcanusepre-fabricatedbends.AndforDN>175mmseamlesssteelpipe,thepre-fabricatedbendsbuttweldingarenormallyused.通彳空DNC100mm勺鋼管一般情況采用冷彎?rùn)C(jī)彎制，在管子安裝空間狹小時(shí)可采用定型彎頭焊接。通徑DN>125mm勺無(wú)縫鋼管應(yīng)選用定型彎頭對(duì)接焊。TheradiusRofcoldbentpipeandtheradiusR*ofpre-fabricatedbendareshownastable7andfig5.彎模半徑R和定型彎頭半徑R*見(jiàn)表7和圖5所示。Table7TheradiusRofcoldbentpipeandtheradiusR*ofpre-fabricatedbend表7彎模半徑R和定型彎頭半徑RNominalDiameter直徑OutsideDiameter管子外徑ColdBent冷彎pre-fabricatedbend定型彎頭Remark備注Long長(zhǎng)Short今1522601//202785//253410038253242125148324048150604050601807550657621019865808927012080100114340150100125140190125150168225150200217/300200250273/1375250300325/450300350377/525350400402//400450457//450500530//500Technicalrequirementforbendingpipe管子彎制技術(shù)要求Beforebendingthepipe,thepipe'smaterialshouldbecheckedifitiscompliancewiththedrawing.Thepipeshouldbebentandrectifiedaccordingtopartdrawings.管子彎制前，必須核對(duì)管子材料是否符合圖紙要求。然后按管子零件圖彎制校正Pipeisnormallybentbythewayofcoldbending,specialcaseshotbendingispermitted.管子的彎制一般采用冷彎，特殊情況允許采用熱彎。Water-gaspipeisn’tallowedtobehot-bent.水煤氣管不允許采用熱彎。Stainlesssteelpipeandalloypipenormallyshouldbecold-bent,ifitneedstobehot-bent,heatingstainlesssteelpipeshouldavoidcarbureting,andit’snotallowedtocoolalloypipebywaterwhichhasbighardenquenchtendency.不銹鋼管和合金管宜冷彎，若要熱彎時(shí)，不銹鋼管加熱應(yīng)避免滲碳，而對(duì)淬硬傾向較大的合金鋼管不得澆水冷卻。Whilebendingseampipe,theseamshouldputatthelocationwherethedeformationcausedbybendingisthesmallest.彎制有縫鋼管時(shí)，一般應(yīng)使焊縫處在因彎曲而引起變形最小的方位上。Whilebendingcopperpipe,cold-bendingbymachineorpre-fabricatedbendisnormallyusedforDN>15mmcopperpipe.AndforDN<15mmcopperpipe,it’susuallybentbysmallhandedtool.銅管的彎制，通徑》15mm的銅管由冷彎?rùn)C(jī)彎制成型，或在管子安裝空間狹小時(shí)采用定型彎頭。通徑<15mrm勺銅管用手工或輕巧手工工具進(jìn)行彎曲加工5.2.7Itshouldbeannealingtreatedaftercopperpipeandcopperalloypipebeingbent.Theannealingtreatmenttemperatureis500~700 ℃.銅和銅合金管冷彎彎曲后，應(yīng)進(jìn)行退火處理，退火溫度為 500~700℃。Theshrimp-shelltypeweldedpipesaregenerallyusedforbigdiameterexhaustpipeofship’sM/Eandauxiliaryengine、smokeductofboilerandotherlow-pressurepipesystem.Itcanbeconnectedbyseamlesssteelpipeorthepipes,whichrolled-upwithQ235-Asteelplate,structuraltypeseefig5.蝦殼式焊接接管，一般適用于船舶主、付機(jī)大口徑的排氣管、鍋爐煙道管及其它低壓管等，可用Q235-A鋼扳卷或無(wú)縫鋼管拼制，其結(jié)構(gòu)型式為圖5所示。Fig5圖5Thetechnicalrequirementofpipelayingoffandwelding.管子下料及焊接技術(shù)要求Fornon-ferrouspipe,watergaspipeandsteelpipewhoseoutsidediameterdoesnotexceed48mm,mechanicalcuttingistobeadopted.Forsteelpipewhoseoutsidediameterexceed48mm,exceptformechanicalcutting,it'sallowedtobecutandopenbygas-cuttingwayyet.Thewayofcuttingandopeningofalloysteelpipeistobeaccordingtomaterialcontents.Afterpipebeingopenandcut,cutshouldbetrimmedsmooth,andironoxideandburrshouldbeallcleanedup.有色金屬、水煤氣管和外徑不超過(guò)48mmi勺鋼管，應(yīng)采用機(jī)械切割。對(duì)外徑超過(guò)48mm勺鋼管除用機(jī)械切割外，還允許使用氣割方法切割和開(kāi)孔。合金鋼管切割和開(kāi)孔的方法應(yīng)根據(jù)材料成份決定。管子開(kāi)孔和切割后，切口必須修整光順，氧化鐵和毛剌必須全部清除干凈。Afterthepipehastobecut, 管子切割后表8管端面和管子外表面的垂直公差 mm公稱通徑DN垂直度公差值DNC100<1100<DNC200<2>200<3It'spriortoapplyone-sideweldingforbuttweldingofsteelpipeandweldingofbranchandmainpipe(straightT-pieceandobliqueT-piece).Itoughttodropwithsub-arc-weldingbeforewelding.Theweldingofpipeandflangeorsocketshouldbesubmergedarcsenti-automaticweldingorCOgasshieldedarcweldingormanualweldingetc.鋼管的對(duì)接焊、支管與總管的焊接(直三通和斜三通支管等)優(yōu)先采用單面焊雙面成型。焊接前宜先用亞弧焊打底。管子與法蘭焊接或套管焊接應(yīng)使用埋弧半自動(dòng)焊或CO氣體保護(hù)焊接或手工焊等方法。Theconnectionofpipeandlap-weldingsteelflangeshouldbebothsidewelding,thedimensionofweldlegshouldbeaccordancewiththerequirementofdrawings.ForthepipewhichDN<15mm,it 'sallowedtosinglesideweldingafterbeingapprovedbyshipsurveyingdepartment.管子與搭接焊鋼法蘭的連接應(yīng)采用雙面焊，焊腳尺寸應(yīng)符合圖紙要求。通徑<15mm勺管子，經(jīng)驗(yàn)船部門同意允許單面焊。Forfewgalvanizedpipewhichhavetobeweldedonsite,thedamagedgalvanizedlayerofpipeoutsidesurfacebecauseofweldingshouldbecleanedatonceandbrushedbyzinc-richpaint.對(duì)少量不得不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)焊接的鍍鋅管，因焊接而引起的管子外面鍍鋅層破壞部分應(yīng)及時(shí)清理并涂上富鋅漆。Thepartofpipeweldedshouldbesmoothedbeforebeingwelded,theweldingslag、electrodecoatingandsprayingparticleshouldbecleanedupafterpipebeingweldedcompletely,inandoutringofflangeandweldseamofbranchpipeshouldbedressedsmooth.管子焊接部位施焊前應(yīng)光順，管子焊接完工后，應(yīng)清除焊渣、藥粉及飛濺粒子，法蘭內(nèi)外圈、支管焊縫均應(yīng)打磨光順。Pipeprocessingdimensionallowanceandinspectingspecification.管子加工尺寸公差及檢查規(guī)定ExteriorqualityatpartofpipebendIt'snotallowedtohaveobviousdepressionformedbychafe,fluteorcollisiononthepipesurface,fortheimportantusagepipe,ifthereisfluteatthebentpartwhosedepthislessthan10%ofpipethickness,anddepressiondepthislessthan5%ofpipeoutsidediameter,thepipesareallowedtobeused,it’snotallowedtohavesomedefaultsofclinking,mapping,foldinganddelaminating,it’stobecleanedawayifthereareabovementioneddefaults,thethinningdownquantityofbeingcleanedpartthicknessshouldbeaccordancewiththespecificationof5.4.2.管子表面不應(yīng)有擦傷， 溝槽或碰撞形成的明顯凹陷， 對(duì)非重要用途的管子在彎曲處如有溝槽其深度在管壁厚度 10%以下， 凹陷深度不超過(guò)管子外徑的 5%時(shí)可允許使用。管子彎曲處的背部不得有裂紋、結(jié)疤、折疊、分層等缺陷，如有上述缺陷存在應(yīng)完全清除，被清除部位壁厚減薄率，應(yīng)符合 5．4．2規(guī)定。Circularity圓度Pipesectioncircularityallowanceofbentpipeshallbelessthan7%orequal. 彎管所產(chǎn)生的管子圓度應(yīng)07%Shrinkage.收縮率Shrinkageallowanceofpipesectionoutsidediameteratbentlocationshallbelessthan4%orequal管子彎曲后，其彎曲處截面外經(jīng)尺寸收縮率應(yīng)0 4%。Pipethicknessreductionrateafterbent. 管壁減薄率Pipereductionrate: 管壁減薄率<<(D/3R)x100%TOC\o"1-5"\h\zReductionrateformulaofactuality: 實(shí)際減薄率計(jì)算公式： 刀=(t-t1)/tx100%4-—Reductionrate 減薄率D:---Pipeoutsidediameter.管子外徑R:---Bendingradiusmm彎曲半徑 mmt:---Pipeactualaveragethickness. 彎曲前的管壁實(shí)際平均厚度 mmt1:---Pipethinnestthicknessmmafterbent 彎曲后的管壁最薄處的厚度mmFoldingheight折皺高度Afterpipebeingbent,it’sallowedevenfoldingexisting,butitsheightisn’tallowedtoexceed4%ofpiperealityoutsidediameterD,it’snotallowedtohaveclinking,whichisvisiblebyeyesatfoldingpart.管子彎曲后，允許有均勻折皺存在，但其高度不得超過(guò)管子實(shí)際外徑 D的4%在折皺處不得有目測(cè)可見(jiàn)的裂紋。Forthebranchpipeholeopenedonpipe,itslocationexactness 、openingsize、fairnessandtheconnectingcaseofbranchpipeshouldbechecked.對(duì)于管子開(kāi)的支管孔，應(yīng)檢查其位置的正確性、開(kāi)口大小、光順度及支管的連接情況。Formationdimensionofweldshouldconformtorequirement,theheightoffilletaresamewitheachother,allweldseamrequireeven,weldseamsurfaceistobetransitedtactfultoavoidsharpangle.焊縫成型尺寸符合要求， 焊腳高度彼此相同， 整條焊縫尺寸要求均勻， 焊縫表面圓滑過(guò)渡避免尖角。Thefaultsofclinkingweldingbeadingblowhole,undercutandcraferwithoutbeingf川edfullordepressionetcaren 'tallowedtoexistonthesurfaceofweldseam,itsalsonotallowedtosinkdownwardonpipeinsidesurface,ifthereareabovementionedfaults,it'stoberepaired.焊縫表面不應(yīng)有裂紋、焊瘤、氣孔、咬邊及未填滿的弧坑或凹陷存在，管內(nèi)壁不允許塌陷，如有上述缺陷應(yīng)進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)It'snotallowedtohaveelectricarcchafe,iftherearesomeelectricarcchafe,it'stoberootedoutandrepairweldingfordishedpocket,andthepartbeingrepairedweldingshouldbegroundsmooth.被焊接表面，不允許有電弧擦傷，如有電弧擦傷時(shí)，必須完全鏟除，鏟除后凹坑應(yīng)預(yù)以補(bǔ)焊，并將補(bǔ)焊處打磨光順。Thebutt-weldedjointofpipeshouldbeprocessedcheckingwithnondestructivedetectionorotherequivalenceinspectionwayaccordingtorulerequirement.管子的對(duì)接焊接頭，應(yīng)根據(jù)規(guī)范要求進(jìn)行無(wú)損探傷檢查，或其它等效檢查方法。Afterflangebeingweldedcompletely,andbeforehydrostatictest,theverticalangleofflangefaceandpipeandthequalityofflangesurfacearetobecheckedaccordingtotherequirementoftable9.法蘭焊接完畢，未進(jìn)行水壓試驗(yàn)前，按表9要求檢查法蘭平面與管子的垂直角度以及法蘭表面質(zhì)量。Afterflangeandpipebeingweldedtogether,it 'snotalloweddecreasingthesectionalareaofpipenominaldiameter,andshouldcheckingpipeinsertion,weldinglegdimensionandweldingquality.法蘭與管子焊接后，不允許減少管子通徑截面積，并應(yīng)檢查管子插入量、焊腳尺寸及焊縫質(zhì)量Pipeprocessing 管子力口工Dimensiontoleranceofpipeprocessedinaccordancewithtable10.管子加工尺寸公差按表10。Table10Dimensiontoleranceofpipeprocessed.表10管子加工尺寸公差No.序號(hào)Item項(xiàng)目ToleranceMm2>差Sketch略圖Remark標(biāo)注1Straightpipe直管L±4(1)L、h、a、0aredimensionsofsketch.L、h、a、0為圖紙尺2Bent△L±4

pipe弓官△a±4寸.(2)AL>Ah>Aa>△0aretolerancebetweenpipemeasureddimensionsandsketch'sdimensions.△L、Ah>Aa>△8為管子測(cè)量尺寸與圖紙尺寸的公差值.(3) Angleadjustingvalueisbasedonlength.角度校正，以長(zhǎng)度段為基準(zhǔn).△h±1°3Bentpipe弓官△L±4△a±5fl△h±301-02<2°4Three-dimensionalbentpipe立體彎管△L±4△a±4△h±4―￡-1△9i±1°下Y△92±1°-45Branchpipe分支管△L±4△a±4.1△h±44L△9±1°6Penetrationpipe貫穿管△L±41b△a△9±4±1°6.1Pipeconnectedwithabranchhasthreetypes: 管子連接型式和要求Rightthree-waytype,obliquethree-waytypeandbentthree-waytypeseefig7.

鋼管焊接支管型式一般分為：直三通、斜三