二輪復(fù)習(xí) (二)冠 詞

輪復(fù)習(xí)（二）冠詞冠詞的基本用法［全析考法］?單句語法填空（2018?全國(guó)卷II）Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.解析：the此處特指過去的25年，故用thepast25years。（2017?全國(guó)卷II）Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofovertop.解析：thetop是名詞，前面要用冠詞，此處特指在（地鐵的）頂部建造一個(gè)結(jié)實(shí)的頂，所以填定冠詞the。（2017?全國(guó)卷III）lnstead,sheisearning￡6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.解析：a此處意為“作為紐約的一名模特”在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞model前應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞，表示“一，一名”且model的讀音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。（2017?11月浙江高考）lt'snotallthathardtobuildanadvancedandlargevocabulary.Likemanythingsinlife,it'songoingprocess.解析:an此處表示積累詞匯是一個(gè)持續(xù)的過程，因?yàn)閱卧~ongoing的讀音以元音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞an。（2017?6月浙江高考）ForPahlsson,itsreturnwaswonder.解析：awonder為可數(shù)名詞，表示“奇跡，奇事”此處為泛指，且wonder的讀音以輔音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞a。（2015?全國(guó)卷II）Theadobedwellings（土坯房）builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyevenmostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.解析：the在形容詞最高級(jí)的前面用定冠詞the。（2015?廣東高考）Heownedfarm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.解析：a此處指一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，表示泛指，且farm的讀音以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。（2014?全國(guó)卷I）Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneofmostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.解析：the此空后為形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，故應(yīng)填定冠詞the。?單句改錯(cuò)（2018?全國(guó)卷II）Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem,myparentswouldnotletme.解析：the—akid在此處表泛指，且kid的讀音以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。（2017?全國(guó)卷I）lstillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.解析：first前加the/my表示第幾天，序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the或者用形容詞性物主代詞my進(jìn)行修飾。（2017?全國(guó)卷II）Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.解析：第一個(gè)a—an/onehour的讀音以元音音素開頭，且是可數(shù)名詞，所以用an/onehour表示“一個(gè)小時(shí)”。（2016?全國(guó)卷II）Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.解析：world前加the此處特指我們所生活的這個(gè)世界。（2016?四川高考）IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.解析：kitchen前加the此處特指“我們家”的廚房。（2015?全國(guó)卷II）Helikeditsomuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop...Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.解析：outside后的a—the此處用定冠詞特指上文提到的商店。（2014?全國(guó)卷II）Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.解析：去掉第一個(gè)the此處為泛指，不表示特指，故去掉the。［謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則］（一）不定冠詞表示類指或某類中的“任何一個(gè)”。Avirusisaverysmalllivingthingthatcausesdisease.表示泛指“某個(gè)”。當(dāng)說話人第一次提及某人或某物時(shí)通常用不定冠詞；或由不定冠詞構(gòu)成的名詞詞組往往帶有不確定的含義，相當(dāng)于acertain；或?qū)Ｓ忻~前加不定冠詞，表示具有某種特性的人或物、某一位不認(rèn)識(shí)的人或某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間。Ihaveaquestiontoaskyou.Inasensewhatyousaidistrue.Allofasudden,sheburstintotears.ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybeaPicasso.表示量指。不定冠詞表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈。Suddenlytheyheardaloudvoice.表示“每”，相當(dāng)于per，用在表示價(jià)格、速度、頻率等的短語中。Pricesstartat￡13.95ayardforprintedcotton.用在某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前，使之具體化。表示“一種的人或事”Hesuddenlyappearedonarainynight,whichwasagreatsurprisetous.不定冠詞用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“再一，又一”。Liveagood,honorablelife.Thenwhenyougetolderandthinkback,you'llgettoenjoyitasecondtime.（二）定冠詞表示特指的人或物，或者雙方都知道的或心中都明確的人或物，或者指上文已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。Takeyourtime—it'sjustashortdistancefromheretotherestaurant.用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)前。IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedQingdao？用在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人或夫妻倆；或用于形容詞或分詞前，表示某一類人或物。Theexplosionsawpeoplerushtohelptheinjured.用在世紀(jì)前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”。It'ssaidthatcornwasgrownalotinTibetinthe17thcentury.（三）零冠詞專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞。HeislivinginCanadanow.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠詞。Weusuallyhavebreakfastat7o'clock.語言、學(xué)科名稱、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類游戲等名詞前不用冠詞。I'minterestedinEnglish.表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞作表語、同位語或補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，其前通常不用冠詞。Dr.PeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus，“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordorCambridge.”系動(dòng)詞turn（變成）后的單數(shù)名詞作表語不用冠詞。Hisbrotherhasturnedwriter.“（零冠詞+）單數(shù)名詞/形容詞最高級(jí)+as/though（+主語+謂語）”，意為“盡管……但是……”。Heroas/thoughheis,hehassomeshortcomings.冠詞的固定搭配［全析考法］I?單句語法填空（2018?全國(guó)卷III）Unexpectedly,「mfacetofacewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingattopofherlungs.解析：theatthetopofone'slungs為固定搭配，意為“盡量大聲地，聲嘶力竭地”。（2017?全國(guó)卷I）Whenfatandsaltareremovedfromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.Asresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.解析：aasaresult為固定搭配，意為“結(jié)果”。（2016?全國(guó)卷I）Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottlefed,otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.解析：theone...theother為固定搭配，意為“一個(gè)另一個(gè)”。此處表示雙胞胎大熊貓中的另一只，兩者之間的“另一個(gè)”應(yīng)該使用theother。（2016?全國(guó)卷II）Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforwhile,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.解析：aforawhile為固定搭配，意為“一會(huì)兒”。（2014?廣東高考）SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomontopfloor.解析：theonthetopfloor為固定搭配，意為“在頂層”。I.單句改錯(cuò)（2018?全國(guó)卷I）Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.解析：countryside前加thegotothecountryside是固定用法，意為“去鄉(xiāng)下”。（2016?全國(guó)卷III）Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.解析：去掉theatfirst"起初”，為固定短語。（2015?浙江高考）Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.

解析：hurry前加ainahurry“匆匆忙忙”為固定短語。（2014?全國(guó)卷I）Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.解析：As后加aasaresult"結(jié)果”為固定短語。（2014?遼寧高考［Besides,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.解析：第一個(gè)a—ananaverageof...“平均有”為固定短語。［謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則］（一）不定冠詞用于固定搭配中anaverageof平均forawhile一會(huì)兒asaresult因此匕asarule通常asawhole總體上asamatteroffact事實(shí)上ataloss不知所措inahurry匆忙inaword總之inasense在某種意義上inaway在某種程度上keepaneyeon照看，留意putanendto結(jié)束onceuponatimeinaway在某種程度上keepaneyeon照看，留意putanendto結(jié)束onceuponatime從前beonadiet節(jié)食have/catchacold感冒have/takearest休息allofasudden突然haveagiftfor有……天賦makealiving謀生givesb.alift讓某人搭便車（二）定冠詞用于固定搭配中inthemiddleof在中間intheend最后bytheway順便說一下inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處intheway擋道onthewhole總的來說atthesametime同時(shí)ontheotherhand另一方面totellthetruth說實(shí)話forthetimebeing暫時(shí)onthespot在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)onthetopfloor在頂層theotherday前幾天taketheplaceof代替atthemoment此刻，目前inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)村makethemost/bestof充分利用one...theother...一個(gè)，另一個(gè)（三）零冠詞用于固定搭配中atpresent目前takepartin參力口inpeace平靜bychance/accident碰巧onpurpose故意onsecondthoughts再一想aheadoftime提前inadvance提前bylaw根據(jù)法律bymistake錯(cuò)誤地underrepair處于維修中l(wèi)oseheart灰心outofcontrol失控outofwork失業(yè)indanger處于危險(xiǎn)之中atrisk處境危險(xiǎn)；遭受危險(xiǎn)dayandnight整日整夜frommorningtillnight從早到晚語法填空解題“2定向”根據(jù)泛指或特指選擇冠詞如果空格后的名詞或“形容詞+名詞”前沒有形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或指示代詞等限定詞時(shí)很可能填冠詞。如果空格及后面的名詞可翻譯成“一個(gè)(本、種等)”，一般填a/an。如果可翻譯成“這/那個(gè)，這/那些”一般填the;如果名詞后有of短語、不定式、分詞或從句等作定語時(shí)很可能填the。根據(jù)固定句式或固定搭配選擇冠詞英語中有很多帶有冠詞的固定句式或短語，記住這些句式和短語也有利于解決此類問題。據(jù)第1條解題Shestayedupuntileleventhirtyoneeveningonpurposejusttoseethemoonlight.InChineseculture,eachyearisrelatedtoaChineseanimalaccordingtothe12yearcycle.Henotonlyisthebeststudentinourclass,butalsohasanexcellentsenseofhumourandagenuineinterestinotherpeople.Likemanyotheruniversitiesatthattime,Harvardattheearlystageoftenranintoafinancialcrisis.Dinosaursdiedoutbecauseofanunexpectedincident.The“Spiderstory"isoftentold.RobertBruce,leaderoftheScotsinthe13thcentury,washidinginacavefromtheEnglish.據(jù)第2條解題Asamatteroffact,therearetwotrophies獎(jiǎng)杯)inhistory.Formostindividuals,asaresultofeatingfoodsrichinfatsandsugarseveralyears,theychoosetogoonadietbutdonotsucceedattheend.HesmiledbackasiftogivemeareceiptandIwouldpreservehissmileforalongtime.ItisalsoaculturalbridgebetweenXishuangbannaandSoutheastAsiancountriesthatsharethesamefestivalcultureofwatersplashing.Iusuallygotomyworkplacecoffeeshoptoplaceanorder,butthisWednesday,itwasslightlydifferent.Atthesametime,greatprogressmadeinscienceandtechnologywasreallyamazing.短文改錯(cuò)解題“4視角”注意單詞首字母的音素看到讀音以輔(元)音音素開頭的名詞要想到應(yīng)用不定冠詞a(n)。2?明確特指與泛指如果名詞表示特指，則應(yīng)用定冠詞the,泛指用a/an。掌握可數(shù)與不可數(shù)看到單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要想到是否少用了冠詞;看到不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指要想到是否多用了冠詞。記熟固定搭配牢記含冠詞的固定搭配，確定冠詞的增與刪。據(jù)第1條解題Lastbutnotleast,weshouldtakeaactivepartinsportsandbuildupourbody.a^anBesides,thiswillbemyfirstexperiencetoparticipateinsuchaactivity.a^an據(jù)第2條解題Onenteringtheflat,youwillfindyourselfinthesittingroom.Tobehonest,asittingroomismyfavouritepart.a—theZhangWeiwaswatchingTVwhilehisfatherwaspreparingdinnerinthekitchenonaneveningofJanuary9th.an—theItisthegreathonourformetotakepartinthevolunteerwork,andIlearnthesignificanceofhelpingothers.第一個(gè)the—a據(jù)第3條解題Itstartedwhenteachersetupavolleyballclubinourschool,hopingthatmorestudentswouldtakepartinthesportandkeepfit.teacher前力口aLastsummervacation,Iworkedinrestaurant.restaurant前力口aTheblogsservesasopenplatformwhereyoucandolotsofthings.open前力口an據(jù)第4條解題Thoughtherearealotofchanges,thegreatnumberofmenstillguardtheirrights.the—aMrYangfoundmeandapologizedtomeforhissharpwordsnextday.next前力口theWithhishelp,wehavemadeagreatprogress去掉aWhenthelandladydiscoveredwhathadhappened,shedecidedtodohimfavor.favor前力口a［語篇綜合檢測(cè)］?語法填空Asanexchangestudent,WeiHuastudiedinaBritishhighschoolforoneyear.Shewashappy__1__theschoolhoursinBritainbecauseschoolstartsaround9:00a.m.andendsaround3:30p.m.Onthefirstday,allthenewstudents__2__(attend)anassemblyintheschoolhall.WeiHuasatnexttoagirl__3__namewasDiana.Duringtheassembly,theheadmastertoldthestudentsthatthebestwaytoearnrespectwastodevote__4_(they)tostudyandachievehigh__5__(grade).Asthereweremanystudentsinherclass,itwasastruggleforWeiHua__6__(remember)allthefacesandnames.Althoughthehomeworkwasnotasheavyaswhatsheusedtogetinheroldschool,itwasabit__7__(challenge)forheratfirstbecauseallthehomeworkwasinEnglish.__8_(lucky),allherteachersgavehermuchencouragement.ToimproveherEnglish,WeiHuausedEnglisheverydayandspent__9__houreachdayreadingEnglishbooksinthelibrary.Inaword,__10__(study)inBritainwasaveryenjoyableandexcitingexperienceforWeiHua.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了魏華在英國(guó)上高中的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。with考查介詞。behappywith"對(duì)感到滿意的”是固定用法。attended考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由下文可知，此處講述過去的事，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。whose考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作定語，修飾名詞name,故填whose。themselves考查代詞。devoteoneselftosth.“全神貫注于某事”是固定短