原油的一次加工課件

Chapter2One-stepRefiningofCrudeOil

原油的一次加工

MatingxiaDeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem煉油系統(tǒng)的裝置與設(shè)備概況Chapter2One-stepRefiningoSectionICrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油脫鹽、脫水DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemSectionICrudeOilDesaltingCrudeoilwhichisminedfromtheoilfieldcontainswater,inorganicsalts,organicacidsalt,metal-organiccompounds,siltparticleandotherimpurities,whichinthesubsequentprocessingoperationscanleadtotheincreaseofenergyconsumption,equipmentcorrosion,anddecreaseofproductquality,increaseofmetalcontent,catalystcontaminationorpoisoning.

從油田開(kāi)采出來(lái)的原油都含有水、無(wú)機(jī)鹽、有機(jī)酸鹽、金屬有機(jī)化合物、泥砂及其它雜質(zhì)?？蓪?dǎo)致后續(xù)加工中的能耗增加、操作波動(dòng)、設(shè)備腐蝕、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量下降、金屬含量增加、催化劑污染或中毒等.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemCrudeoilwhichisminedf。Ingeneral,theinorganicsubstanceincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,suchasacid,alkali,saltandotherminerals,mostlycanberemovedbywashingmethods.Someofthewater-insolubleimpuritiescanbeadsorbedonthesurfaceofsolidparticlesorgatheredatthetopofthewaterdropletsurface.Itcanprecipitatewithsolidsordropletsandseparatefromoil.Smallmolecularwater-solubleorganicacidsoap(suchassodiumnaphthenate)canalsobedischargedwiththewater.Butthereisstillsomewaterexistingincrudeoilasemulsificationstateandcannotberemoved.Thereissaltincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,sodesalinationanddehydrationarecarriedoutatthesametime.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem一般來(lái)說(shuō)，原油中溶于水的酸、堿、鹽等無(wú)機(jī)物，大部分可用水洗的方法可以除去。某些不溶于水的雜質(zhì)可吸附在固體顆粒表面上或聚集在水滴表面，隨固體物或水滴一同沉淀，與油分離。小分子水溶性有機(jī)酸皂類(如環(huán)烷酸鈉)也可隨水排出。但仍有部分水以乳化狀態(tài)存在于原油中而不能脫除。原油中還有鹽溶于水中，故脫鹽脫水是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的.。Ingeneral,theinorganic為了脫除懸浮在原油中的鹽，在原油中需注入一定量的新鮮水(注入量一般為5%)，充分混合，然后在破乳劑和高壓電場(chǎng)的作用下，使微小水滴受電場(chǎng)極化作用聚集成較大水滴，借油水密度差作用從油中沉降分離，達(dá)到脫鹽脫水的目的，這通常稱為電化學(xué)脫鹽脫水過(guò)程。Inordertoremovesaltsuspendedinthecrudeoil,acertainamountoffreshwaterisrequiredtoinjectincrudeoil(injectionrateisgenerally5%)andmixthemthoroughly,thenundertheactionoftheemulsionsplitterandthehighvoltageelectricfield,thetinywaterdropletsgatherintolargerdropletsundertheinfluenceoftheelectricfieldpolarization;thenbeprecipitatedandseparatedfromoilbytheroleofoil-waterdensitydifference,toachievethepurposeofdesalinationdehydration,whichisoftenreferredtoastheelectrochemicaldesalinationdehydrationprocess.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemInordertoremovesaltsuspen+-+-Electrode電極-electrode電極++-+-+-+-+-+-Thediagramofthedirect-currentelectricfieldeffectonwater-drop直流電場(chǎng)對(duì)水滴的作用示意圖+-+-Electrodeelectrode電極++-+-+原油電脫鹽是石油加工的第一道工序。主要用于：（1）脫除原油中的堿金屬（Alkalimetals）和重金屬（Heavymetals）；（2）防腐（Antisepsis）；（3）脫除原油中的水、無(wú)機(jī)鹽（Inorganicsalt）和有機(jī)酸鹽（OrganicSoursalt）；（4）脫除泥（Mire）或其他雜質(zhì)。原油電脫鹽的主要功用ThemainfunctionofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油電脫鹽是石油加工的第一道工序。原油電脫鹽的主要功用The原油電脫鹽的工序包括：（1）脫鹽前水洗。用于除去原油中溶于水的酸（Sour）、堿（alkali

）、鹽(salt)等無(wú)機(jī)物。（2）沉淀(Precipitation)。某些不溶于水的雜質(zhì)，可以吸附在固體顆粒表面或聚集在水滴表面，隨固體物或水滴一起沉淀，與油分離。（3）破乳（BreakEmulsify）。通過(guò)向原油中加入破乳劑，使水和雜質(zhì)更有效的分離。TheprocedureofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油電脫鹽的工序原油電脫鹽的工序包括：TheprocedureofCrTechnologicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）工藝流程圖TechnologicalprocessFig.ofCTypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）典型工藝流程圖TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeO注破乳劑注水二級(jí)混合閥注水注破乳劑一級(jí)脫鹽沉降罐一級(jí)混合閥脫鹽前原油脫后原油脫鹽沉降罐電脫鹽罐三級(jí)脫鹽排水二級(jí)脫鹽排水過(guò)濾脫鹽罐TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）典型工藝流程圖注破乳劑注水二級(jí)混合閥注水注破乳劑一級(jí)脫鹽沉降罐一級(jí)混合閥脫臥式電脫鹽罐結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖StructureSchematicDiagramofHorizontalelectricaldesaltinger臥式電脫鹽罐結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖StructureSchematiThemainfactorsaffectingthedesalinizationanddehydrationofcrudeoil影響原油電脫鹽的主要因素

crudeoilprocessingcapacity

原油處理量

WashingWaterInjectionRate洗滌水注入量

WaterQuality水質(zhì)

MixingIntensityofCrudeOilandWateremulsionsplittertypeandinjectionquantity原油和水的混合強(qiáng)度TheTypeandInjectionQuantityofEmulsionSplitter破乳劑的類型及注入量

Oil-waterBoundaryinDesalinationTank脫鹽罐內(nèi)的油水界面

operatingtemperature操作溫度PressureofDesalinationTank脫鹽罐的壓力

ElectricalFieldStrength

andresidencetimeofcrudeoilintheelectricfield電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度及原油在電場(chǎng)內(nèi)的停留時(shí)間ThemainfactorsaffectingtheThankYou!homework

Giveabriefintroductionofthestatusandroleofelectricdesaltingequipmentsofcrudeoilinthepetroleumprocessing.Giveabriefintroductionofthebasicprinciplesofdesalinizationanddehydrationofcrudeoil.Whatharmwillexcessivesaltandwatercontentincrudeoilcausetothefollow-upprocessing?ThankYou!homeworkGiveabriChapter2One-stepRefiningofCrudeOil

原油的一次加工

MatingxiaDeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem煉油系統(tǒng)的裝置與設(shè)備概況Chapter2One-stepRefiningoSectionICrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油脫鹽、脫水DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemSectionICrudeOilDesaltingCrudeoilwhichisminedfromtheoilfieldcontainswater,inorganicsalts,organicacidsalt,metal-organiccompounds,siltparticleandotherimpurities,whichinthesubsequentprocessingoperationscanleadtotheincreaseofenergyconsumption,equipmentcorrosion,anddecreaseofproductquality,increaseofmetalcontent,catalystcontaminationorpoisoning.

從油田開(kāi)采出來(lái)的原油都含有水、無(wú)機(jī)鹽、有機(jī)酸鹽、金屬有機(jī)化合物、泥砂及其它雜質(zhì)?？蓪?dǎo)致后續(xù)加工中的能耗增加、操作波動(dòng)、設(shè)備腐蝕、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量下降、金屬含量增加、催化劑污染或中毒等.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemCrudeoilwhichisminedf。Ingeneral,theinorganicsubstanceincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,suchasacid,alkali,saltandotherminerals,mostlycanberemovedbywashingmethods.Someofthewater-insolubleimpuritiescanbeadsorbedonthesurfaceofsolidparticlesorgatheredatthetopofthewaterdropletsurface.Itcanprecipitatewithsolidsordropletsandseparatefromoil.Smallmolecularwater-solubleorganicacidsoap(suchassodiumnaphthenate)canalsobedischargedwiththewater.Butthereisstillsomewaterexistingincrudeoilasemulsificationstateandcannotberemoved.Thereissaltincrudeoilthatcanbesolubleinwater,sodesalinationanddehydrationarecarriedoutatthesametime.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystem一般來(lái)說(shuō)，原油中溶于水的酸、堿、鹽等無(wú)機(jī)物，大部分可用水洗的方法可以除去。某些不溶于水的雜質(zhì)可吸附在固體顆粒表面上或聚集在水滴表面，隨固體物或水滴一同沉淀，與油分離。小分子水溶性有機(jī)酸皂類(如環(huán)烷酸鈉)也可隨水排出。但仍有部分水以乳化狀態(tài)存在于原油中而不能脫除。原油中還有鹽溶于水中，故脫鹽脫水是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的.。Ingeneral,theinorganic為了脫除懸浮在原油中的鹽，在原油中需注入一定量的新鮮水(注入量一般為5%)，充分混合，然后在破乳劑和高壓電場(chǎng)的作用下，使微小水滴受電場(chǎng)極化作用聚集成較大水滴，借油水密度差作用從油中沉降分離，達(dá)到脫鹽脫水的目的，這通常稱為電化學(xué)脫鹽脫水過(guò)程。Inordertoremovesaltsuspendedinthecrudeoil,acertainamountoffreshwaterisrequiredtoinjectincrudeoil(injectionrateisgenerally5%)andmixthemthoroughly,thenundertheactionoftheemulsionsplitterandthehighvoltageelectricfield,thetinywaterdropletsgatherintolargerdropletsundertheinfluenceoftheelectricfieldpolarization;thenbeprecipitatedandseparatedfromoilbytheroleofoil-waterdensitydifference,toachievethepurposeofdesalinationdehydration,whichisoftenreferredtoastheelectrochemicaldesalinationdehydrationprocess.DeviceandEquipmentProfileoftheRefiningSystemInordertoremovesaltsuspen+-+-Electrode電極-electrode電極++-+-+-+-+-+-Thediagramofthedirect-currentelectricfieldeffectonwater-drop直流電場(chǎng)對(duì)水滴的作用示意圖+-+-Electrodeelectrode電極++-+-+原油電脫鹽是石油加工的第一道工序。主要用于：（1）脫除原油中的堿金屬（Alkalimetals）和重金屬（Heavymetals）；（2）防腐（Antisepsis）；（3）脫除原油中的水、無(wú)機(jī)鹽（Inorganicsalt）和有機(jī)酸鹽（OrganicSoursalt）；（4）脫除泥（Mire）或其他雜質(zhì)。原油電脫鹽的主要功用ThemainfunctionofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油電脫鹽是石油加工的第一道工序。原油電脫鹽的主要功用The原油電脫鹽的工序包括：（1）脫鹽前水洗。用于除去原油中溶于水的酸（Sour）、堿（alkali

）、鹽(salt)等無(wú)機(jī)物。（2）沉淀(Precipitation)。某些不溶于水的雜質(zhì)，可以吸附在固體顆粒表面或聚集在水滴表面，隨固體物或水滴一起沉淀，與油分離。（3）破乳（BreakEmulsify）。通過(guò)向原油中加入破乳劑，使水和雜質(zhì)更有效的分離。TheprocedureofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration原油電脫鹽的工序原油電脫鹽的工序包括：TheprocedureofCrTechnologicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）工藝流程圖TechnologicalprocessFig.ofCTypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）典型工藝流程圖TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeO注破乳劑注水二級(jí)混合閥注水注破乳劑一級(jí)脫鹽沉降罐一級(jí)混合閥脫鹽前原油脫后原油脫鹽沉降罐電脫鹽罐三級(jí)脫鹽排水二級(jí)脫鹽排水過(guò)濾脫鹽罐TypicalprocessFig.ofCrudeOilDesaltingandDehydration電脫鹽（水）典型工藝流程圖注破乳劑注水二級(jí)混合閥注水注破乳劑一級(jí)脫鹽沉降罐一級(jí)混合閥脫臥式電脫鹽罐結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖StructureSchematicDiagramofHorizontalelectricaldesaltinger臥式電脫鹽罐結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖StructureSchematiThe