考研考博-英語-寧夏大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.填空題

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded(1)______itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood(2)______,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers(3)______unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell(4)______morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe(5)______hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers(6)______wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe(7)______bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many(8)______bloggerssoonobjected—notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe(9)______rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept(10)______giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.with

2.will

3.of

4.for

5.company

6.who

7.affected/influenced

8.other

9.same

10.expensive

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。句意表示微軟公司最近出售的便攜電腦都裝載新開發(fā)的WindowsVista操作系統(tǒng)，表示裝載時，load與with搭配。

2.考查語義。根據句意，Thegifts體現(xiàn)了好意，也引起了爭論。因此填入will，goodwill表示“善意”。

3.考查固定搭配。本句說到有些博客職責微軟公司行賄，并列部分省略了“accusing”，表示還職責同行缺乏職業(yè)道德。表示職責時使用“accuseof”。

4.考查固定搭配。句中sell后面跟的是金額，說明賣了多少錢，此時使用固定搭配“sellfor”。

5.考查語義。句中缺少的是賓語從句的主語。綜合上下文，送出90臺電腦給博主們的就是微軟公司。此處只需填company即可。

6.考查語法知識。前半句“thecompanyhadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers”，后半句的謂語動詞“wroteabout”說明正是這些被送電腦的博客們寫了些東西。因此這里缺的是定語從句的引導詞，而這個詞要在從句中充當主語指代bloggers，應填入who。

7.考查語法知識。本句說的是“其他可能會受新操作系統(tǒng)……的技術和對象”，根據語義可知應填入“影響”。并且此處為被動語態(tài)，應填入過去分詞形式，affected或influenced都可以。

8.試題分析：句中提到，有些博主不接受贈予是因為博主和傳統(tǒng)的記者一樣受到條款的制約，而不是他們不再列表式。前文提到接受贈予的額博主是在郵件列表上的，因此這些博主就用“other”修飾。

9.考查語義。這些博主與傳統(tǒng)的記者受到……的條款約束，此處應表示‘’同樣的。并且“same…as…”表示“同樣”的意思。因此填入same。

10.考查語義。根據上文提到電腦的售價，可知此處表示“他們不能接受他們所報道的公司的昂貴禮物”。因此填入expensive。

2.翻譯題

Passage1

ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear’sisabiglie.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutquality-controlproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorp.Overnight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalf.Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Expertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

Passage2

Broadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfullyrelaxedonlyamongpeopleheknowswell.Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,evenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitnessacitytrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersorhavingalightsleepinacorner;noonespeaks.Infact,todosowouldseemmostunusual.AnEnglishman,pretendingtobegivingadvicetooverseasvisitors,oncesuggested,“Onenteringarailwaycarriageshakehandswithallthepassengers.”Needlesstosay,hewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhich,ifbroken,makesthepersonimmediatelysuspect.

Passage3

Theprincipallinesofdevelopmentofmachineryhavebeenanincreaseinthespeedofoperationtoobtainhighratesofproduction,improvementinaccuracytoobtainqualityandeconomyintheproduct,andminimizationofoperatingcosts.Thesethreerequirementshaveledtotheevolutionofcomplexcontrolsystems.Themostsuccessfulproductionmachineryisthatinwhichthemechanicaldesignofthemachineiscloselyintegratedwiththecontrolsystem,whetherthelatterismechanicalorelectricalinnature.Amodemconveyorforthemanufactureofautomobileenginesisagoodexampleofthemechanizationofacomplexseriesofmanufacturingprocesses.Developmentsareinhandtoautomateproductionmachines,further,usingcomputerstostoreandprocessthevastamountofdatarequiredformanufacturingavarietyofcomponentswithasmallnumberofversatilemachinetools.Oneaimisacompletelyautomatedmachineshopforbatchproduction.

ChooseONLYONEpassagefromthefollowingpassageandtranslateitaswellasyoucan.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Ifmorethanonetranslationappearsonyouranswersheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored.

【答案】3.單選題

ThecourtruledthatJohnwas（）inhittingthemaninself-defensepunished.

問題1選項

A.justified

B.accused

C.approved

D.admitted

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。justified證明...正當；accused指責，控告；approved認可；admitted承認。句意：法院裁決John被證明打人是正當防衛(wèi)而受到懲罰。選項A符合句意。

4.單選題

Stressfulenvironmentleadstounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which______increasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandheartdisease.

問題1選項

A.inturn

B.bychance

C.byfortune

D.incase

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項“inturn”意為“反過來；轉而；輪流”；B選項“bychance”意為“偶然；意外地”；C選項“byfortune”意為“由于幸運”；D選項“incase”意為“萬一；假使”。句意：壓力大的環(huán)境會導致不健康的行為，如不良的飲食習慣，而這些行為反過來增加了患高血壓和心臟病的風險。由題干可知，unhealthybehaviors（不健康的行為）是由壓力大的環(huán)境導致的，但它反過來又導致了highbloodpressureandheartdisease（高血壓和心臟?。?。因此A選項符合題意。

5.翻譯題

我認為沒有人不喜歡到處去看看：多看看他人，多閱他鄉(xiāng)，不但可以認識世界，亦可認識自己。有人旅行時乘豪華游輪，謝靈運再世大概也會如此。有人背負行囊，翻山越嶺；有人騎自行車環(huán)游天下。這些都令人羨慕。我所傾向的，卻是駕車長征，去看天涯海角。我的太太比我更愛旅行，所以夫妻兩人正好互做旅伴，這一點只怕徐霞客也要羨慕。不過徐霞客是大旅行家、大探險家，我們，只是淺游而已。

【答案】Inmymind,everybodylovestolookaround,meetingmorepeopleandvisitingmoreplaces.Theycannotonlyunderstandtheworld,butalsorecognizethemselves.Someofthemtraveledbyacruise,andXieLingyunmaybeoneofthemifhewouldreincarnate.Somepickedupthetravelingbagacrossthemountains.Sometraveledaroundtheworldbybike.Alloftheseareenviable.Ijustprefertodrivealongjourneyandseetheendsoftheearth.MywifeisfondoftravelingthanI,andthereforewetwoaretravelingcompanion,whichmaybeenviedbyXuXiake.ButXuisagreattravelerandexplorer.Weonlysuperficiallytravel.

6.單選題

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

問題1選項

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項deprive表示“使喪失，剝奪”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“從某人處剝奪某物”；B選項rob表示“搶劫，掠奪；非法剝奪”，robsbofsth表示“搶劫某人的某物；C選項reject表示“拒絕；排斥；抵制；丟棄”；D選項deny表示“否定，否認；拒絕給予”，denysb.sth表示“拒絕給予某人某物”。根據句意可知，如果一位男士為了買一只貓使得自己和家人沒有食物可吃，那么我們會認為他發(fā)瘋了。故A項deprive（使喪失，剝奪）最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項。

7.單選題

______divorceourselvesfromthemassesofthepeople.

問題1選項

A.Innotimeweshould

B.Innotimeshouldwe

C.Atnotimeweshould

D.Atnotimeshouldwe

【答案】D

【解析】考查部分倒裝和固定搭配。句意：在任何時候我們都不應該脫離人民群眾。innotime“立刻”，atnotime“絕不”，結合語境確定用atnotime；根據選項確定考查具有否定意義的詞組放句首的部分倒裝，其結構為否定意義的詞組+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞+主語+其他，所以D選項Atnotimeshouldwe符合題意。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

IfIseethetwinbrothersapartIdon’tknow______.

問題1選項

A.whoiswho

B.whoiswhom

C.whichiswhich

D.whoiswhich

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.whoiswho誰是誰B.whoiswhom誰是誰

C.whichiswhich哪個是哪個D.whoiswhich誰是哪個

【考查點】習語用法。

【解題思路】由if條件句的意思“如果我把這對孿生兄弟分開看”，可知Idon’tknow______應該表示“我分不清誰是誰”，而whichiswhich通常用于區(qū)分兩個十分相似的人或事物。故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A選項表示人們的情況，如姓名、工作、身份等，如WhenIgotothosefamilyreunions,Icanneverrememberwho’swho.（我去參加那些家庭團圓聚會時，從來記不住誰是誰。）；

B、D選項沒有這個用法。

【句意】如果我把這對孿生兄弟分開看，我分不清誰是誰。

9.單選題

Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.

Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitisthemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrimeanyway.

Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.

Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofrelativedegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.

Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed,somepeoplewillbemurdered—somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.

1.Theprincipalpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthor’sresponsetothosewhourgethedeathpenaltyforallislikelytobe（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,itcanbeinferredthat（

）.

4.Thepassageattemptstoestablisharelationshipbetween（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“deathpenalty”is（

）.

問題1選項

A.speakforthemajority

B.initiateaveto

C.criticizethegovernment

D.argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty

問題2選項

A.negative

B.friendly

C.supportive

D.hostile

問題3選項

A.thedeathpenaltyisthemostcontroversialissueintheUnitedStatestoday

B.thesecondtypeofmurderersshouldbesentencedtodeath

C.thevetoofthebillreestablishingthedeathpenaltyisoflittleimportance

D.thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobedebated

問題4選項

A.themurderrateandtheimpositionofthedeathpenalty

B.theeffectsofexecutionandtheeffectsofisolation

C.theimportanceofequalrightsandthatofthedeathpenalty

D.executionsandmurders

問題5選項

A.opposing

B.supporting

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據文章第一句，“…perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.”，可知死刑是討論最激烈的話題，所以文章的主題為死刑。又根據下文，“Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.”，可知許多人肯定死刑的價值，認為死刑是對謀殺罪的有效震懾，而另一些人則認為死刑沒有多大的價值，因為沒有足夠的證據證明死刑的實施減少了謀殺的數量。又根據文章第三段，“Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.”，可知作者認為死刑是一項必要的舉措。綜上可知，整篇文章的主要目的在于為死刑的價值作辯護。選項D符合題意。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。根據文章第四段，“itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.….Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，可知一種是在盲目憤怒的時候奪走別人的生命，一種是以屠夫的方式冷酷地策劃和實施對一個或多個人的謀殺。前者可以僅僅通過社會隔離的方式受懲罰，而后者則不然?？芍髡哒J為要根據謀殺程度來選擇死刑。所以作者對那些主張對所有人判處死刑的人的反應很可能是否定的。選項A符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據文章第四段，“Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，第一種謀殺罪犯（盲目憤怒的時候奪走別人的生命）應該僅僅被社會隔離，而第二種冷酷地策劃和實施對一個或多個人的謀殺的罪犯不應該僅僅被隔離，而是應該被處以死刑?？膳袛喑龅诙悮⑷朔笐摫惶幰运佬獭＿x項B符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據文章最后一段，“Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.”，可知本段用加利福尼亞的例子得出結論。本州謀殺率的上升并非偶然，是死刑停止實施的結果，可以清楚地表明，死刑確實制止了許多謀殺的念頭。可判斷出作者想要討論的是死刑的實施和謀殺率的關系。選項A符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度。縱觀全文，作者首先在第三段表明自己的觀點“死刑是一項必要的舉措”，然后在下文通過論述和實例證明，死刑的實施確實有助于抑制謀殺率?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔τ趯嵤┧佬痰膽B(tài)度是支持的。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthatsayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmouths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,conditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.

Livingathome,saysKinghton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakesenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Theyarethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowever,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholProblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends9house.”

Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomthemselvesstuckresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest（

）.

3.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat（

）

4.Theword“hassles”inthepassage（Para3.Line4）probablymeans（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?

問題1選項

A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentscanliveindependently

B.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparents

C.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsence

D.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents.

問題2選項

A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh

B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature

C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.

D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools

問題3選項

A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylife

B.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoing

C.theyoungadultstendtotheoverprotectedbytheirparents

D.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents

問題4選項

A.agreements

B.worries

C.disadvantages

D.quarrels

問題5選項

A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpense.

B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.

C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.

D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段提到以前有一種錯誤的觀點：孩子到了18歲就應該離家獨立；有社會學家稱中產階級中這一觀念有著重大的轉變。由此可知，在以前的美國社會中，大多數成年的子女都會離開家庭獨立生活，所以選項A符合題意。

2.文章第二段提及年輕成年人返回家的原因：結婚年齡上升；離婚率上升和再婚率下降，使得情感受挫以及經濟壓力大的人重新尋求父母的庇護；去離家遠的大學上學花費大，所以很多人都選擇當地的大學。選項A、C、D都在文章中提到了，所以選項B符合題意。

3.文章第三段提到年輕人與父母居住會造成生活上的一些不便，比如洗手間，電話和隱私的爭議等等，選項A符合題意。

4.hassles所在的句子：Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.由前后問可知，這里講述的是年輕人與父母居住造成生活中的一些不便，所以hassles在這里有“爭論，爭吵”的意思，比如關于洗手間、電話和隱私的爭執(zhí)。選項D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段指出大多數心理學家認為成年子女與父母一起生活對雙方都不好：子女本來想自我獨立，卻被挫?。桓改副緫撓硎芙洕蛡€人自由，卻又被責任束縛。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Thisresearchhasattractedwide（

）coverageandhasbeenfeaturedonBBCtelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.

問題1選項

A.message

B.information

C.media

D.data

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這項研究吸引了媒體的廣泛報道,并在英國廣播公司電視臺的《明日世界》節(jié)目中進行了專題報道。選項中只有C選項符合句意。

12.單選題

Thevariouscountriesarestrivingtodefendtheir（）economiesagainstimperialisttradeattacks.

問題1選項

A.respected

B.respectful

C.respectable

D.respective

【答案】D

【解析】respected受尊敬的；respectful恭敬的,有禮貌的；respectable值得尊敬的；respective分別的,各自的。句意：各國都在努力保衛(wèi)各自的經濟不受帝國主義貿易攻擊。選項D符合句意。

13.單選題

TheRepublicanlandslideinthe2010mid-termssweptanewbreedofconservativezealotintooffice,destroyingthemiddlegroundandmakinglegislatingnexttoimpossible.

問題1選項

A.sensation

B.teetering

C.fanatic

D.prod

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項sensation“感覺，轟動，感動”；B選項teeter“蹺蹺板，搖擺不定”；C選項fanatic“狂熱入迷者，狂熱分子，盲信者”；D選項prod“戳，捅，刺戳的工具，刺激，提醒”。句意：共和黨在2010年中期選舉中取得壓倒性勝利，將一批新一代的保守狂熱分子推上了白宮，摧毀了中間立場，使得立法幾乎不可能。Zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

14.翻譯題

Astudysuggeststhelong-termsurvivalbenefitsofshoppingarebetterthangoingtothegym,becauseseeingfriendsandjustpeople-watchingcanstaveofflonelinessandimprovepsychologicalhealth.

Theresearchersfoundthosewhoshoppeddailylivedlongerthanthosewhoshoppedlessfrequently,evenaftertakingaccountsofpeople’sphysicalorotherhealthproblems.Inshoppingvenues,socializingwith,orwatchingotherscanprovidesocialandmentalbenefits.Comparedwithothertypesofleisure-timephysicalactivity,likeformalexercise,whichusuallyrequiresmotivationandsometimesprofessionalinstruction,shoppingiseasiertoundertakeandmaintain.

【答案】一項研究表明，購物比健身更有利于長壽，因為見見朋友和僅僅看看路人就可以避免孤獨和改善心理健康。

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些每天購物的人比那些不經常購物的人活得更長，即使在考慮了人們的身體或其他健康問題之后也是如此。在購物場所，與他人交流或看看他人可以豐富社交，帶來精神上的好處。與其他類型的休閑體育活動相比，比如正式的鍛煉，這通常需要動力，有時還需要專業(yè)指導，購物更容易進行和堅持下去。

15.單選題

Itwassopleasingtofindabreezeupthereallayingthefervidafternoon.

問題1選項

A.incendiary

B.incandescent

C.dispassionate

D.contumacious

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項incendiary“縱火的，煽動性的，能引起燃燒的，非常辣的”；B選項incandescent“輝耀的，熾熱的，發(fā)白熱光的”；C選項dispassionate“不帶感情的，平心靜氣的，公平的”；D選項contumacious“不聽命令的，反抗法院命令的，頑固的”。句意：看到微風吹過，緩和了炎熱的下午，真是令人高興。Fervid“熱情的，熾熱的，熱心的，熱的”，B選項與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項正確。

16.單選題

1EtienneKlein,acelebratedFrenchphysicistandpopularizerofscience,seemssettolosehispostaspresidentoftheInstituteforAdvancedStudiesinScienceandTechnology(IHEST)inParisafterallegationsthatheplagiarizedtheworkofmorethanadozenscientists,philosophersandwritersinvariousbooksandarticles.AsourceatFrance’sMinistryofScienceandEducationyesterdayconfirmedthatadecreeendingKlein'stenurehasbeensignedbythecurrentministerandisnowawaitingthesignatureofFrenchPresidentFrancoisHollande.

2ButKleinsaysherefusestoleave.Inanopenletterpublishedlastweek,hewrotethataninvestigativepanelthatlookedintothematterhasfoundnoevidenceofmisconductandthatheseesnoreasontostepdown.“Myscientificintegrityisabsolute,”Kleinwrotetosciencejournalistsinanemail.Thereporthasnotbeenmadepublic.

3KleinleadsasmallgroupstudyingscienceitselfattheAlternativeEnergiesandAtomicfameEnergyCommission(CEA)nearParis,butseldompublishesinthescientificliterature;hisfamestemsfrombooksandarticlesinpopularmagazines,mostlyaboutphysics.Healsohostsaweeklyradioshowaboutscience.PresidentHollandeappointedKleinpresidentofIHEST—whichseekstobuildtrustinscienceandtoreflectonitssocialeconomicandpoliticalaspects—inSeptember2016.

4InNovember,theweeklymagazineL’ExpressreportedthatKleinhadcopiedpassagesfromFrenchandforeignauthorsinarecentbiographyofAlbertEinsteinandinseveralotherpublications.Kleindefendedsomeoftheinstancesbutadmittedhehadmade“mistakes”inothers;afewdayslater,L'Expresspublishedsevenmoreexamplesofallegedplagiarism,towhichKleinhasnotresponded.

5CEAhasnotinvestigatedthematter.AspokespersonsaysKleinwrotethedisputedpublicationsonhisowntime,notasaCEAresearcher.“Thisisaprivatematter,”thespokespersonsays.Thisiswhygovernmentofficialsaskedanindependentfour-memberpaneltoinvestigatethecharges.ThecommissionfinisheditsworkinlateJanuary,butwhenitpresenteditsreporttothegovernment,nothinghappenedforalmost2months.ThenKleinpublishedhisopenletteron29March.

6Intheletter,hequotedafewparagraphsfromthereportinwhichthecommissionsaidithadnotfoundethicalbreachesinKleinsworkforCEAandthatitwasneither“competent”nortaskedtojudgewhetherKleincommittedplagiarisminthelegalsense.Nonetheless,thecommissionrecommendedthathestepdownfromIHEST,Kleinwrote,“soasnottocausedifficultiesfortheinstituteanditsimportantmissions.”Kleinsayshehasnointentionofdoingso.“Idon’twanttobejudgedbythepress,butaccordingtothecriteriaofFrenchlaw,”hewroteinanemail.

7Theleaderofthefour-memberpanelsayshecan'tdiscussthereport;hesayshehopesitwillbemadepublicbytheauthorities.ButheconfirmsthatthepaneldidnotconsidertheissueofwhetherKleinsreuseofotherwriters’wordsbrokeanylaws.“Kleincametothecommissionwithhislawyer,”hesays,“we’renotjudges,werenotthepolice,we'rejustfouracademics.”

8KleinsaysthathisbookaboutEinsteincontainsmorethan120attributedquotesaswell,which“provesthatIhavenoproblemwithquotingsomeone.WhatIambeingblamedforisduetocarelessnessornegligence,especiallyinmyfilemanagement,nottoaconsciousdesiretoplagiarize.”

9Inastorypublishedlastweek,L*ExpressspeculatesthatKlein’sopenlettermayhavebeenalast-ditchefforttoaverthisdismissalordelayadecisionuntilaftertheupcomingelections,inthehopethatanewpresidentmightsavehim.ButKleinsaysheisnotawareofanydecisiontofirehim.Hesayshewentpublicbecausehehadexpectedthecommissiontopubliclyreaffirmhisscientificintegrity.“Thatwasakeyissueforme,Kleinsays.“Whennothinghappenedinthatregard,Idecidedtospeakoutmyself.”

1.Basedonthisveryrecentarticle,wemayassumethatEtienneKleinis（

）.

2.TheinformationinthisarticleseemstoindicatethatKlein（

）.

3.Atthetimethisarticlewaswritten,Kleinappearedtobeonthevergeofgettingfiredfromatleastoneofhispositions.Hisreactionhasbeento（

）.

4.InhisworkatIHESTKlein（

）.

問題1選項

A.wellknownprimarilytohisfellowphysicists

B.bestknowntoFrenchtelevisionviewerswhowatchhisshow

C.wellknowntomostFrenchpeoplecuriousaboutscience

D.wellknownprimarilytohighofficialsofthecurrentFrenchgovernment

問題2選項

A.occasionallyneglectedtostatethatbitsoftextinhispublishedworkcomefromotherwritersandresearchers

B.falsifiedscientificdatatoincreasehischancesofgettinghisarticlesacceptedforpublication

C.presentedtheresearchfindingsofotherscientistsashisownwork

D.publishedalifeofAlbertEinsteinputtogetherfronbitsandpiecestakenfromtheworkofotherbiographers,withoutattributionandwithlittleofhisownwriting

問題3選項

A.darehisdetractorstoremovehimthroughcourtaction,accordingtoFrenchlaw

B.arguethathecannotberemovedbyFrenchpoliticiansunlesshisfellowphysicistsagree

C.announcethathewillstepdownquietlyifthepresidentsowishes

D.appealtotheFrenchpublictosupporthiminhisstrugglewithjealousscientificrivalsandhostilepoliticians

問題4選項

A.doesresearchintheoreticalphysics

B.studiestheneedsofFrenchscientistsandreportsthemtothegovernment

C.leadshiscolleaguesinthinkingaboutnon-scientificaspectsofscience

D.studiesscienceitself

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章指出:EtienneKlein一位著名的法國物理學家和科學普及者。本題四個選項:A“主要被同行物理學家中熟知”；B“在看他的節(jié)目的法國電視觀眾中最有名氣"；C“被大多數對科學好奇的法國民眾熟知”；D“主要被現(xiàn)任法國政府高級官員所熟知”,其中C項最為合適。

2.推理判斷題。關于Klein的抄襲問題,他自己的說法是:關于愛因斯坦的書中包含了超過120個引語，這證明了我在引用某人時沒有問題。我被指責的原因應該是粗心或疏忽，尤其是在我的文件管理中，而不是不是有意抄襲。因此選A:偶爾忽略了他所發(fā)表的作品中的一些文字來自其他作家和研究人員。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出Klein拒絕離開。在上周發(fā)表的一封公開信中，他寫道，一個調查小組沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何不當行為的證據，而且他認為沒有理由下臺。“我的科學誠信是絕對的，”Klein在一封電子郵件中給科學記者寫道。該報道尚未公開。因此選A:根據法國法律，通過法律手段，挑戰(zhàn)詆毀他的人。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干定位至第三段:PresidentHollandeappointedKleinpresidentofIHEST-whichseekstobuildtrustinscienceandtoreflectonitssocialeconomicandpoliticalaspects~inSeptember2016(奧朗德總統(tǒng)任命克萊恩為IHEST的主席,希望建立對科學的信任并對社會經濟和政治方面進行反思)。故選C:帶領同事思考科學的非科學方面。

17.單選題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasb