考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京師范大學(xué)中北學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京師范大學(xué)中北學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Herknowledgeandexperiencewouldmakehera(n)（）assettotheteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.worthless

B.priceless

C.valueless

D.inexpensive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。worthless“不值錢的，無(wú)價(jià)值的”；priceless“無(wú)價(jià)的，極貴重的”；valueless“無(wú)價(jià)值的，微不足道的”；inexpensive“便宜的”。句意：她的學(xué)識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)將成為團(tuán)隊(duì)無(wú)價(jià)的資產(chǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

England’steam,whoarenowsuperblyfitwillbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesforlastyear’sdefeat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revive

B.retort

C.revenge

D.remedy

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。revive“復(fù)興，蘇醒”；retort“反駁，回嘴”；revenge“復(fù)仇”；remedy“補(bǔ)救，治療”。句意：英格蘭隊(duì)現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)非常好，下周他們將竭盡全力為去年的失利復(fù)仇。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heasksthecrowdassembledintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”,forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinaudio,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalledsubhasta,meaning“underthespear”,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,goodswereoftensold“bythecandle”:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer,andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.Theauction-roomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworld-famous.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbyprospectivebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“l(fā)ot”,isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder;hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

1.Whyistheendofthebiddingcalled“knockingdown”?

2.TheRomansusedtosellbyauction（）.

3.Acandleusedtoburnatauctionsales（）.

4.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe“l(fā)ots”outoftheorderbecause（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheauctioneerknocksthebuyerdown.

B.Becausetheauctioneerknockstherostrumdown.

C.Becausethegoodsareknockeddownontothetable.

D.Becausetheauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.spoiltgoods

B.oldworn-outweapons

C.propertytakenfromtheenemy

D.spears

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

D.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers

B.heknowsfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting

D.hewantstoreducethenumberofbuyers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whyistheendofthebiddingcalled“knockingdown”?1.為什么拍賣結(jié)束被稱為“knockingdown”？

A.Becausetheauctioneerknocksthebuyerdown.A.因?yàn)榕馁u師會(huì)把買家擊倒。

B.Becausetheauctioneerknockstherostrumdown.B.因?yàn)榕馁u人會(huì)把桌子砸倒。

C.Becausethegoodsareknockeddownontothetable.C.因?yàn)樨浳锉蛔驳阶雷由狭恕?/p>

D.Becausetheauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer.D.因?yàn)榕馁u人用錘子敲桌子。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞knockingdown定位至第一段倒數(shù)第二句“這就是所謂的‘knockingdown’商品，因?yàn)楫?dāng)拍賣師用小錘子敲打他面前的桌子時(shí)，競(jìng)價(jià)就結(jié)束了”，可知，拍賣結(jié)束被稱為knockingdown是因?yàn)榕馁u結(jié)束時(shí)拍賣師會(huì)用小錘子敲打他面前的桌子，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榕馁u師會(huì)把買家擊倒”、B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榕馁u人會(huì)把桌子砸倒”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樨浳锉蛔驳阶雷由狭恕备鶕?jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.TheRomansusedtosellbyauction______.2.羅馬人過去通過拍賣來出售______。

A.spoiltgoodsA.損壞的貨物

B.oldworn-outweaponsB.老舊武器

C.propertytakenfromtheenemyC.從敵人手中奪取的戰(zhàn)利品

D.spearsD.矛

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“羅馬人通常以這種方式出售他們?cè)趹?zhàn)爭(zhēng)中獲得的戰(zhàn)利品（thespoilstakeninwar）”，可知，羅馬人過去通過拍賣來出售戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中獲得的戰(zhàn)利品，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“損壞的貨物”和B項(xiàng)“老舊武器”原文沒有提及，無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“矛”是人群聚集的信號(hào)，不是拍賣的物品，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Acandleusedtoburnatauctionsales______.3.在拍賣會(huì)上，人們點(diǎn)著蠟燭，______。

A.becausetheytookplaceatnightA.因?yàn)榕馁u是在晚上進(jìn)行的

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogatherB.作為群眾聚集的信號(hào)

C.tokeeptheauctioneerwarmC.為了給拍賣師保暖

D.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemadeD.限制提出報(bào)價(jià)的時(shí)間

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段最后一句“在18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)，商品通常是‘通過蠟燭’出售的：拍賣師點(diǎn)燃一支短蠟燭，然后在蠟燭點(diǎn)著的時(shí)候出價(jià)”，可知，在拍賣會(huì)中人們點(diǎn)上蠟燭，然后在它燃著的時(shí)候出價(jià)，也就是說，蠟燭熄滅，報(bào)價(jià)就停止了。說明蠟燭是用來限制報(bào)價(jià)的時(shí)間的。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榕馁u是在晚上進(jìn)行的”和C項(xiàng)“為了給拍賣師保暖”在文中沒有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B項(xiàng)“作為群眾聚集的信號(hào)”，根據(jù)第二段第二句“……一根矛被插在地上，作為人群聚集的信號(hào)”可知，矛才是群眾聚集的信號(hào)，該項(xiàng)張冠李戴。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe“l(fā)ots”outoftheorderbecause______.4.拍賣人可能會(huì)決定出售這些“拍品”，因?yàn)開_____。

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyersA.他有時(shí)想迷惑買家

B.heknowsfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitemsB.根據(jù)他的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他知道某些人會(huì)想買某些東西

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaitingC.他想讓某些人久等

D.hewantstoreducethenumberofbuyersD.他想減少買家的數(shù)量

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】第一段第三句提到“拍賣人不需要從第一件拍品開始，然后按數(shù)字順序繼續(xù)；他可能會(huì)一直等著直到他登記的某些經(jīng)銷商到達(dá)房間之后，才會(huì)出示他們可能感興趣的物品”，這也就是說，拍賣人拍賣物品是根據(jù)經(jīng)銷商對(duì)物品的感興趣程度來的，B項(xiàng)“根據(jù)他的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他知道某些人會(huì)想買某些東西”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“他有時(shí)想迷惑買家”、C項(xiàng)“他想讓某些人久等”和D項(xiàng)“他想減少買家的數(shù)量”在原文沒有依據(jù)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.單選題

Remembertoaskfora（

）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)warranty“保證，擔(dān)?！保籅選項(xiàng)promise“許諾，允諾”；C選項(xiàng)certificate“證書”；D選項(xiàng)receipt“收據(jù)”。

句意：記住要對(duì)這些貨物要求質(zhì)量保證；否則他們將不提供任何維修。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

5.單選題

Plasticsarelighterandmore____resistantthanmetal,buttheyarenotusuallystrong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contraction

B.collision

C.corrosion

D.corruption

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contraction收縮；縮小B.collision碰撞；沖突

C.corrosion腐蝕；侵蝕D.corruption腐?。粔櫬?/p>

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：塑料比金屬更輕，更耐……，但它們通常不堅(jiān)固。由常識(shí)可知大部分塑料的抗腐蝕能力強(qiáng)，因此選C選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)contraction“收縮；縮小”，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知塑料遇熱易收縮，不符合句意。

B選項(xiàng)collision“碰撞；沖突”，主要指碰撞（或相撞）事故，不符合句意。

D選項(xiàng)corruption“腐敗；墮落”不符合句意。

【句意】塑料比金屬更輕，更耐腐蝕，但通常不堅(jiān)固。

6.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)TheUKisamongninecountrieslobbyingBrusselstoeaseproposedrulesondataprotection—inamovethatwillcomeasarelieftoUStechnologycompaniesincludingGoogleandFacebookwhichhavebeenincreasinglyconcernedaboutpotentialeffectsontheirbusiness.

TheUSgovernmenthasalsolobbiedtheEuropeancommissionnottotoughentherules,arguingthatitwouldspecificallyhinderAmericancompaniesthroughitsproposedswingeingfinesfordatabreaches,whichcouldhavebeenupto2%ofglobalturnover.

TheUK’sInformationCommissioner’sOfficeissuggestingthatindividualcountriesshouldbegivenmoreleewaytointerpretthelawasappropriate,usinga“risk-based”approach.“Ifyouhaveabutcherwhosedataprocessingonlyaffects20localpeople,youneedtobeabletotreataninfringementtheredifferentlyfromacompanywithprivatehealthrecords,”saidaspokespersonfortheICO.OthercountriesincludingGermany,SwedenandBelgiumhavemadesimilarobjections.

TheEChadplannedtohaveatimetableforthenewrulesbyJune.(47)Howeveritcouldtakeyearsbeforetherulesarefinalizedandimplemented.

(48)TheEC’saimistocreateaunifiedsetofprivacystandardsforall27countriesintheEU,andironoutnationalvariationsthathaveledtosomeconfusion.Theywouldalsomakeiteasierforcompanieswhoseprincipalfocusisprocessingdatatooperate—forexamplebydroppingtherequirementforanameddataprotectionofficer.

TheFTreportsthatamemodraftedbytheIrishpresidency,representingEUcountries,admitsthat“severalmemberstateshavevoicedtheirdisagreementwiththelevelofprescriptivenessofanumberoftheproposedobligationsinthedraftregulation.”

Oneofthemostcontroversialideasbeingputforwardisa“righttobeforgotten”,proposedbytheECjusticecommissioner,VivianeReding.(49)SheunveiledtheideainJanuary2012,suggestedthatpeopleshouldbeabletodemandthatdataaboutthemisdeletedfromcompanies’datastoresunlesstherewere“l(fā)egitimate”groundstoretainit.

(50)Googleinparticularhaslobbiedfiercelyagainstthatidea,onthebasisthatitwoulddisruptitsstoresofdataandcreateholesinwhatisineffectahistoricalrecord.Reding’steamarguedthatitwasnecessaryinordertoletteenagersandyoungadultscontrolhowtheywouldbeviewedastheymatured—sothatembarrassingactsthatwouldneverhavebeenheardaboutbeforetheinternetwouldnotbecomewidelyknownandineffectstaywiththemthroughtheirlives.

Butthedeletionrequestswouldnothaveappliedtomedicalorpolicerecords.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.英國(guó)是游說歐盟放松擬議數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)規(guī)則的9個(gè)國(guó)家之一。此舉將讓日益擔(dān)心其業(yè)務(wù)受到潛在影響的谷歌和社交網(wǎng)站“臉書”等美國(guó)科技公司松一口氣，因?yàn)檫@些公司一直都擔(dān)心它們的業(yè)務(wù)可能受到影響。

47.然而，這些規(guī)則的最終確定和實(shí)施可能需要數(shù)年時(shí)間。

48.歐盟的目標(biāo)是為歐盟所有27個(gè)成員國(guó)建立一套統(tǒng)一的隱私標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，消除導(dǎo)致混亂的國(guó)家差異。

49.她在2012年1月公布了這一想法，她建議除非有合法理由保留這些數(shù)據(jù)，否則人們應(yīng)該有能力要求公司在數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)中刪除關(guān)于他們的數(shù)據(jù)。

50.谷歌公司尤其對(duì)這個(gè)想法進(jìn)行了激烈的游說反對(duì)，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)破壞它的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)并在歷史記錄中產(chǎn)生漏洞。

7.單選題

Theladywhohas（）foranightinthedeadofthewinterlaterturnedouttobeadistantrelationofhis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puthimin

B.puthimout

C.puthimon

D.puthimup

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)搭配。putsb.in，一般不單獨(dú)使用;putsb.out“使某人不高興”；putsb.on,一般不單獨(dú)使用；putsb.up“給某人提供食宿”。根據(jù)空格處后面的foranight可知只有選項(xiàng)D符合題意，“給他提供食宿的女士”。

8.單選題

Helenwroteabookabouthowherfather（）cancerbeforehesuccumbedtoit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contendedfor

B.compliedwith

C.recoveredfrom

D.foughtagainst

【答案】D

【解析】句意:海倫寫了一本有關(guān)她的父親在死于癌癥之前如何與其作斗爭(zhēng)的書。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)短語(yǔ)的過去式。contendfor爭(zhēng)奪；complywith照做，遵守；recoverfrom復(fù)原，從…重新獲得；fightagainst對(duì)抗，反對(duì)，與……作斗爭(zhēng)。因此D符合句意。

9.單選題

Thesecretarydidn’tknowwhohewas,orshe（）himmorepolitely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willbetreating

B.wouldhavetreated

C.wastreating

D.wouldhavebeentreated

【答案】B

【解析】句子是對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行推測(cè)，所以應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C；根據(jù)句意可知，主語(yǔ)是she，是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，所以為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.翻譯題

過去十年間，中國(guó)手機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展可謂有目共睹，幾乎每年都會(huì)新增約八千萬(wàn)用戶，但據(jù)英國(guó)廣播公司報(bào)道，在某種程度上，真正的通訊革命才剛剛開始。

今年，中國(guó)將取代美國(guó)成為世界最大的智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)。對(duì)很多中國(guó)人來說，智能手機(jī)使他們第一次擁有了通向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的私人路徑。這對(duì)于信息技術(shù)開發(fā)商、尤其是移動(dòng)手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)商來說是非比尋常的機(jī)遇。

那么，應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)商是怎么在中國(guó)賺到錢的呢？一種方法就是嘗試“應(yīng)用內(nèi)銷售”一一他們推出免費(fèi)的應(yīng)用程序，一旦用戶被吸引，再以較低的價(jià)格賣給他們體驗(yàn)增強(qiáng)版。雖然中國(guó)的用戶只愿意出幾分錢來購(gòu)買升級(jí)服務(wù)，但只要想想用戶多達(dá)數(shù)百萬(wàn)，加在一起很快就是一大筆錢。不過，對(duì)于非游戲類應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)商來說，要發(fā)展就得依靠廣告收益。

【答案】ThemobilenetworkgrowthinChinahasbeenremarkable,withsome80millionnewusersjoiningeveryyearforthepastdecade.Buttosomeextent,therealcommunicationsrevolutionhasonlyjustbegun,BBCreported.

Thisyear,ChinawillovertakeAmericaastheworld'sbiggestSmartphonemarket.FormanyChinese,theSmartphoneoffersthemtheirfirstpersonalaccesstoInternet.Thisisanextraordinaryopportunityforinformationtechnologydevelopers,especiallymobileappdevelopers.

SohowthendoesanappdevelopermakemoneyinChina?Onewayistotryin-appsales—theyofferfreeappsandonceusersarehooked,theywillsellthemanenhancedversionoftheexperienceatalowerprice.AlthoughusersinChinamaybeonlywillingtopayafewcentsfortheenhancedservice,whenyou'retalkingmillionsofusers,thatcansoonadduptoalotofmoney.But,fornon-gameappdevelopers,theremustbeadvertisingrevenuetomoveforward.

11.單選題

TheFrenchmathematiciandeLaplacenextreasonedthatifenoughmass（

）addedtoastarlikethesun,thegravitationalforceofthestar（

）eventuallypreventlightparticlesfromleavingit;itwouldtherefore“blinkout”andbecomeaninvisibleblackstar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.were...would

B.was...would

C.was...wouldhave

D.were...wouldhave

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞的過去形式可知本題考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。第一空條件從句中，如果使用一般過去時(shí)則表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬，be動(dòng)詞固定用were；相應(yīng)的主句應(yīng)使用would+動(dòng)詞原形表示。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.Thebodyneedsthemforlifeandhealth.Sonaturally,manypeopleareconcernedwiththequestion:AmIgettingenoughvitamins,andamIgettingtherightkind?

Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,theworrypeoplehaveaboutvitaminshassomebasis.Andthishassomethingtodowiththeirdiet—thefoodtheytakein.Apersoneatingagoodvarietyoffoodsgetsallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded(withthepossibleexceptionofvitamind).

Theproblemisthattherearemanypeoplewhodon'tchoosefoodswisely,don'tgetenoughvariety,anddon'teatthebasicfoodstheyneedtogettheirvitamins.Sotheanswertothisquestionis..Noextravitaminsareneeded,providingyoueatproperfoods.Infact,manyofthevitaminscannotbestoredinthebody,sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.Itisevenharmfultoputtoomuchofcertainvitaminsintothebody.ThishasbeenfoundtobetrueofvitaminAandD,whenlargeamountsaretakenin.

Whatfoodssupplywhatvitamins?Hereisaquickgeneralidea.VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.VitaminB2isfoundinmilk,eggs,greenvegetablesandmeats.VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.Theseareonlyafewofthemostimportantvitaminsthebodyneeds.

1.VitaminAisneededby______andcanbefoundin______.

2.VitaminChelps______whilevitaminB1isveryimportantto______.

3.Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundin______.

4.Thebodyneeds______forlifeandhealth.

5.Ifyoutakeinmorevitaminsthanyouactuallyneed,______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bones/pork

B.nervoussystem/milk

C.eyes/greenvegetables

D.teeth/meats

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.teeth/digestivesystem

B.skin/bones

C.bones/liver

D.eyes/meats

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.body

B.food

C.pork

D.digestivesystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.extravitamins

B.agoodvarietyofvitamins

C.largeamountsofcertainvitamins

D.smallamountsofeachvitamin

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyareharmfultoyourbody

B.yougetallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded

C.theyhelpourbodiesmoreproperly

D.yourbodysimplygetsridofthem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.”，可知維他命A有利于眼睛、皮膚、牙齒和骨骼健康，存在于蔬菜水果、肝臟和黃油中。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.”，可知維C對(duì)骨骼和牙齒有好處，存在于西紅柿、蔬菜和水果中。排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.”維生素B1有利于神經(jīng)和消化系統(tǒng)，所以排除D選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.”?？芍S他命是一組存在于食物中的物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,”，可知人體只需要少量的維生素。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.”，可知當(dāng)多余的維生素被攝入時(shí)，人體會(huì)排除它們。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Onecommonalityoffitnessisthestrongassociationofmilitaryandpoliticalmight[A]withphysicalfitnessthroughoutmankind’sadvancement.Inmanyways,thisshowshow[B]impactingourworldleaderscanbeonhealthandfitness.Themind-bodyconcepthashadatenuousdevelopment.Attimes,someculturesprescribedspiritualityattheexpenseofthebody[C]whereasothers,suchasGreeksociety,[D]upholdtheidealthatasoundmindcanonlybefoundinahealthybody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.impacting

C.whereas

D.uphold

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。Whereas引導(dǎo)的句子與前面是并列關(guān)系，因此D選項(xiàng)處動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與prescribe保持一致，因此需要將uphold改為upheld。

14.單選題

Usingpopularathletestoendorseandpitchcompaniesandtheirproductshasbecomecommonplaceinadvertising.U.S.companiespaidmorethan$1billiontonearly2,000athletesforendorsementdealsandlicensingrightsin1996-atenfoldincreasefromjustadecadeago.Nikealonespendsmorethan$100millionayearonendorsementcontracts.TheaverageathleteontheForbessuper40listoftop-earningathletescommandsaround$250,000ayearforanationalendorsement.SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.Inadditiontotheendorsementfees,companiesspendanother$10billiontoadvertiseandpromotetheirassociationtotheseathletes.

Whilecompaniesareinvestinghugesumsofmoneyintotheconceptthatathletesmakegoodpromoter,theyarealsorecognizingthatchoosingacelebrityendorserisnolongeramatterofpersonaltasteandtop-managementwhimsy.Severalcompanieshavebeenbadlyburnedwhentheirhigh-pricedendorserswereinvolvedinmessyscandalsandcontroversies.HertzCorp,usedO.J.Simpsonasitsspokespersonfor20yearsandlostallofthatequitywhenhewasaccusedofmurderinghisex-wifeandherfriend.Smallercompaniesfaceevengreaterriskswhentheyentrusttheirnameandimagetoanathlete.WhenDallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinwascaughtinamotelroomwithstrippersanddrugs,13Toyotadealershipsthatpaidhim$120,000todoaseriesofcommercialshadlittlechoicebuttopulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.WhenIrvinrefusedtoreturnhispayment,aswellasa$50,000carthedealershipshadlenthim,theysued,thecasesettledoutofcourt.

Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.However,manymarketersarewillingtotakechanceonirreverentorrebelliousathleteswhoseoutlandishbehaviordrawsattentiontothem.Forexample,basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.Rodman’ssponsorsbelieveheappealstotheelusiveGenerationXmarketthatthesecompaniesaretryingtoreach.However,Rodman’santicshavebecometoomuchforsomecompanies.TheCarl’sJr.fast-foodchaintemporarilysuspendeditsrelationshipwithRodmaninearly1997whenhewassuspendedforkickingacourtsidephotographerduringagame.

Mostcompaniesaremovingawayfromcontroversialathletesandlookingforoneswhowillnotjustattractattentionbutenhancetheimageofthecompanyorbrandtheyareendorsing.Theirgoalistoachieveanendorser'shaloeffect-apositiveassociationthatbathestheproductingoodvibesafterapopularsportscelebrityhaspitchedit.Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.AmongthemaretennisstarsPeteSamprasandMichaelChang(whohasemergedasthemostpopularathleteinAsiabyfar),SanFranciscoquarterbackSteveYoung,baseballironmanCalRipkenJr.,LosAngelesLakersbasketballstarShaquilleO’Neal,hockeystarWayneGretzky,andgolferTigerWoods.Evenformerstarswithlikablepersonalitiesandimagesaspositiverolemodelsarestillpopular,includingArnoldPalmer,JoeMontana,JimPalmer,NolanRyan,andChrisEvert,

PerhapsnobodyembodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthanbasketballstarGrantHill.AnAll-AmericanatDuke,hestayedallfouryearsandgraduatedwithhisclass.Hisfather,Calvin,playedfootballatYaleandwasastarwiththeDallasCowboys.DuringhisfirsttwoyearsintheNBA,HillreceivedmorefanvotesforaspotontheNBAAll-Starteamthananyotherplayer,includingMichaelJordan.

ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.SincesigningHill,Filahasbecomethethird-largestsneakermakerintheUnitesStates.Salesshotup37percentin1995andanother40percentin1996to$750million.Hill’snamesakeshoetrailsonlyNike’sAirJordansinsale.FilaofficialsreadilyacknowledgethatHill’s“niceguys”imageappealstothecurrentsensibilitiesofMiddleAmerican.

ThreeyearsagobasketballstarCharlesBarkleyappearedinaNikecommercialwherehegloweredatthecameraanddeclared,“Iamnotarolemodel,”Sincethen,hisendorsementtakebeencutinhalf.Hillreadilyacknowledges“Iamarolemodel.”Inadditiontogetting$6millionayearfromFilaplusa5percentroyaltyonthesaleofhisshoes,HillhasendorsecontractwithSprite,GMCtrucks,Kellogg’sandMcDonald’s.Itappearsthatniceguysarefinishingfirstintheendorsementgame.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,basketballstarGrantHillhasendorsecontractwith（）

3.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingmakesthemostfromendorsement?

4.Allofthefollowingareregardedas“NiceGuys”availabletoendorsetheproductsEXCEPT（）

5.Fila,anItaliancompanyfirstsignedGrantHilltoanendorsementcontract（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.DallasCowboysfootballstarMichaelIrvinmade13Toyotadealershipspulltheadsandswallowthe$400,000inproductioncosts.

B.“Niceguys”havefarmoreeffectsonU.S.companiesthantheirreverentathletes.

C.BasketballstarGrantHill,embodiesthenewbreedofniceguysuperstarbetterthananyotherathlete.

D.Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.McDonald’s

B.Nike

C.PizzaHut

D.HertzCorp.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.GrantHill

B.DennisRodman

C.MichaelJordan

D.O.J.Simpson

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MichaelChang

B.SteveYoung

C.ShaquilleO’Neal

D.DennisRodman

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.in1996

B.in1995

C.in1994

D.in1993

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文中第三段的第一句“Riskmanagementhasbecomeamajorconsiderationforcompaniesconsideringusingathletesasendorsers.”可知本句為全文的中心句。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A只是文中提到的一個(gè)例子；選項(xiàng)B,C描述不準(zhǔn)確。所以本題選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...HillhasendorsecontractwithSprite,GMCtrucks,Kellogg’sandMcDonald’s.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“SuperstarMichaelJordan,theathletewhomakesthemostfromendorsements,considersonlymultiyeardealsthatpayatleast$10million.”可知選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段“Marketershavediscoveredthatthereareanumberof“niceguys”availabletoendorsetheirproducts.Amongthemare...”選項(xiàng)A,B,C均有提及；根據(jù)第三段“basketballstarDennisRodmanhasparlayedhisbadimageintoendorsementcontractswithNike,McDonald's,PizzaHut,ComfortInn,andConverse.”可知DennisRodman的形象不太好。所以本題選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的第一句“ThebiggestbeneficiaryofGrantHill’snonabrasive,good-humored,All-AmericanimagehasbeenFila,andItaliancompanythatsignedHilltoanendorsementcontractin1994.”可知選項(xiàng)C正確。

15.單選題

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我們正準(zhǔn)備和他們進(jìn)行一些交易，所以我們想確切地了解他們的信用狀況。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。transmit傳播；傳送：transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移;調(diào)任;transact辦理;執(zhí)行；進(jìn)行（貿(mào)易、談判等）;transport運(yùn)輸?？崭裉幍馁e語(yǔ)是business(商業(yè)，交易)，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Tourismdevelopsculture.Itbroadensthethinkingofthetravelerandleadstoculture（1）betweenthehostsandguestsfromfar-offplaces.Thiscanbenefitthelocals,sincetouristsbringculture（2）them.

Tourismmayhelptopreserveindigenouscustoms,（3）traditionalshows,parades,celebrationsandfestivalsareputonfortourists.Themusicals,playsandseriousdramaofLondontheatresandotherkindsofnightlifeare（4）supportedbytourists.Sucheventsmightdisappearwithoutthestimulusoftourismto（5）them.

Ontheotherhand,tourismoftencontributestothedisappearanceoflocaltraditionsandfolklore.Churches,templesandsimilarplacesofworshipare（6）astouristattractions.Thiscanbe（7）theexpenseoftheiroriginalfunction:howmanybelieverswanttoworshipinthemiddleofaflowofatheistinvaders?Whowouldwanttopray（8）curiousonlookersshuffletoandfrowithguidebooks,ratherthanprayerbooks,intheirhands?

Tourismmaybringotherindirectculturalconsequencesinits（9）.Tensionswhichalreadyexistbetweenancientandmoremodernwaysmaybedeepenedbytourists’ignoranceof（10）customsandbeliefs.Tourists,ifnotactuallyricher,oftenseemmorewell-offthannatives.Theformermaythereforefeelsuperior,（11）thelatterembarrassedabouttheirlifestyles.Theresultmaybeaninferiorfeelingwhich（12）helpsthesenseofidentitywhichissoimportanttoregionalculture.Thepovertyofalocalitycanlookevenworsewhen（13）withthecomfortablehotelenvironmentinhabitedbytourists.ProsperousretiredorelderlytouristsfromBritain,wheretheaveragelifeexpectancyis75years,maywell（14）resentmentinSierraLeone,wherethelocalpopulationcanexpecttolivetonomorethan41years.Therelativeprosperityoftouristsmay（15）crime.InGambia,unemployedyoungpeopleoffertoactas“professionalfriends”—guides,companionsorsexualpartnersinreturnformoney.Whenthetourismseasonisover,theycannolongergetwagesthatwaysothey（16）topettystealingfromthelocalpopulace.Allthisaffectsthelocalsociallifeandculture（17）.

Culturalerosioncanalsotakeplaceatmore（18）levels.Greekvillagerstraditionally（19）themselvesontheirhospitality.Theywould（20）travelersforfree,feedingthemandlisteningtotheirstories.Totakemoneywouldhavebeenadisgrace.Thathaschangednow.Touristsexisttobeexploited.Perhapsthisishardlysurprisingiftheearningsfromoneroomrentedtoatouristcanexceedateacher’smonthlysalary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conflict

B.contact

C.concern

D.constraint

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.over

D.by

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.likethat

B.ifwhen

C.asif

D.aswhen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.largely

B.extremely

C.positively

D.totally

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.entertain

B.retain

C.maintain

D.pertain

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.considered

B.taken

C.treated

D.made

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.at

C.in

D.to

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.that

C.while

D.when

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.sake

B.wake

C.sense

D.cost

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.regional

B.native

C.territorial

D.local

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.making

B.allowing

C.ignoring

D.leaving

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.ha