考研考博-英語-大慶師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大慶師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Environmentalistsaredoingeverythingwithintheirpowerto（）theimpactoftheoilspill.

問題1選項

A.reject

B.belittle

C.minimize

D.reclaim

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

動詞詞義辨析。reject“拒絕”；belittle“輕視，貶低”；minimize“最小化”；reclaim“開拓，回收利用”。句意：環(huán)保人士正在盡其所能將石油泄漏的影響降到最低。選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（

）themassoonaspossible.

問題1選項

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。rectify“改正”；reclaim“取回，收回”；refrain“節(jié)制，克制，避免”；reckon“認(rèn)為，假定”。句意：你一旦知道你錯在哪里，你就應(yīng)該盡快改正。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepriceofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

3.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodsinamarketeconomy?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatareeconomistsconcernedaboutwithregardtoresources?

問題1選項

A.Thepriceofthematerial,laborandotherelementsconsumedinmanufacturingit.

B.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.

C.Thevalueofalltheresourcesusedinitsproduction.

D.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.

問題2選項

A.Productionreducestheamountofavailableresources.

B.Productionhasnothingtodowithresources.

C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.

D.Productionisstimulatedbyavailableresources.

問題3選項

A.Thecostofallelementsinvolvedinproduction.

B.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.

C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.

D.Thecostoflabor.

問題4選項

A.Thecostofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

B.Thecostofaproductdependsonitsquality.

C.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

D.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsopportunitycosts.

問題5選項

A.Howtotapnaturalresources.

B.Howtocopewithabsolutescarcityofresources.

C.Howtouseavailableresourcesappropriately.

D.Howtoconvertabsolutescarcityofresourcesintorelativeone.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，一個商品的機(jī)會成本是什么？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.（比如說，建造一架超音速飛機(jī)的真正成本是因此造成學(xué)校和冰箱永遠(yuǎn)不會被建立。每一種生產(chǎn)行為都會消耗一些社會可用資源；它意味著放棄一個生產(chǎn)其他東西的機(jī)會。在決定如何最有效地利用資源以滿足社會需求時，必須考慮到這種機(jī)會成本。）可知，機(jī)會成本是指一種生產(chǎn)行為導(dǎo)致了另外一種生產(chǎn)的機(jī)會的喪失，即生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會成本可能是生產(chǎn)其他產(chǎn)品的價值，D項“本可以生產(chǎn)的東西的價值”正確；A項“生產(chǎn)過程中所消耗的材料、勞動力和其他要素的價格”、B項“生產(chǎn)它所花費的時間和金錢”和C項“生產(chǎn)過程中使用的所有資源的價值”都是包括在“生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品是生產(chǎn)其他產(chǎn)品的價值”內(nèi)。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“生產(chǎn)與資源的關(guān)系是什么？”。根據(jù)第一段Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity…Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（無論在絕對意義上還是相對意義上，資源都可以說是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，這是絕對稀缺……為一種目的使用的材料不得同時為其他目的使用；如果一種投入的數(shù)量是有限的，那么它在一個生產(chǎn)過程中的增加使用必然會導(dǎo)致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）可以推知，如果資源投入的數(shù)量有限，生產(chǎn)過程中的增加使用會減少可用資源的數(shù)量，A項“生產(chǎn)減少了可用資源的數(shù)量”正確；由此也可知B項“生產(chǎn)與資源無關(guān)”和C項“生產(chǎn)隨著資源的增加而增加”錯誤；D項“生產(chǎn)是由可用資源刺激的”不能推斷出來。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中，什么決定了一件商品的價格？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.（在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一種商品的價格和供給量取決于生產(chǎn)該商品的成本，而成本最終是不生產(chǎn)其他商品的成本。）可知，A項“生產(chǎn)中涉及的所有要素的成本”正確；由此也可知B項“提供材料的數(shù)量”和C項“生產(chǎn)過程的效率”錯誤；D項“勞動力成本”是包括在成本之內(nèi)的，除了勞動力成本還有其他要素的成本。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個陳述是正確的？”。由第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere…（在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一種商品的價格和供給量取決于生產(chǎn)該商品的成本，而成本最終是不生產(chǎn)其他商品的成本。比方說，一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、燃料和生產(chǎn)過程中所消耗的其他元素的價格。但反過來，這些原料的價格取決于它們在其他地方能生產(chǎn)什么……）可知，產(chǎn)品的價格取決于生產(chǎn)中涉及的所有要素的成本，反過來，投入的材料的價格由能夠生產(chǎn)的其他產(chǎn)品決定，即機(jī)會成本，所以可以推斷，產(chǎn)品的價格反映了機(jī)會成本，D項“產(chǎn)品的價格反映了它的機(jī)會成本”正確；由此也可知C項“產(chǎn)品的價格反映了它在社會中的實用性”錯誤；A項“產(chǎn)品成本反映了它在社會中的實用性”表述不正確，產(chǎn)品的成本有很多要素，其中的原料要素成本才是反映它在社會中的實用性；B項“產(chǎn)品的成本取決于它的質(zhì)量”錯誤，產(chǎn)品的成本包括很多要素，而其中的原料成本取決于能夠生產(chǎn)的其他產(chǎn)品是什么。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“在資源方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)心什么？”。第一段講了資源的相對稀缺性：Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（無論在絕對意義上還是相對意義上，資源都可以說是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，這是絕對稀缺；但是，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的稀缺性是不同用途資源的相對稀缺性。為一種目的使用的材料不得同時為其他目的使用；如果一種投入的數(shù)量是有限的，那么它在一個生產(chǎn)過程中的增加使用必然會導(dǎo)致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）然后第二段主要闡述產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會成本，綜合推理可知，在資源方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)心的是如何利用現(xiàn)有的資源，C項“如何合理利用現(xiàn)有資源”正確；A項“如何開發(fā)自然資源”文中沒有提及；B項“如何應(yīng)對資源的絕對稀缺”不正確，在第一段就提到了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的是相對稀缺性；D項“如何將資源的絕對稀缺轉(zhuǎn)化為相對稀缺”與文意不符。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.單選題

Iftheoldmaximthatthecustomerisalwaysrightstillhasmeaning,thentheairlinesthatplytheworld’sbusiestairroutebetweenLondonandParishaveaflightontheirhands.

TheEurostartrainservicelinkingtheUKandFrenchcapitalsviatheChannelTunneliswinningcustomersinincreasingnumbers.InlateMay,itcarrieditsonemillionthpassengers,havingrunonlyalimitedservicebetweenLondon,ParisandBrusselssinceNovember1994,startingwithtwotrainsadayineachdirectiontoParisandBrussels.By1997,thecompanybelievesthatitwillbecarryingtenmillionpassengersayear,andcontinuetogrowfromthere.

FromJuly,EurostarstepsitsservicetoninetrainseachwaybetweenLondonandParis,andfivebetweenLondonandBrussels.Eachtraincarriesalmost800passengers,210oftheminfirstclass.

Theairlinesestimatethattheywillinitiallylosearound15%-20%oftheirLondon-ParistraffictotherailwaysonceEurostarstartsafullservicelaterthisyear(1995),with15trainsadayeachway.AsimilarservicewillstarttoBrussels.Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.

Intheshortterm,thedamagecausedbythe1millionpeople-levelstravelingbetweenLondonandParisandBrusselsonEurostartrainsmeansthatsomeairservicesarealreadysuffering.Someofthemajorcarrierssaythattheirpassengernumbersaredownbylessthan5%andpointtotheirrivals-ParticularlyAirFrance—ashavingsufferedtheproblems.OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic.

Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.BritishMidland,forexample,pointstoitsexperienceonHeathrowLeedsBradfordservicewhichsawpassengernumbersfoldby15%whenBritishRailelectrifiedandmodernizedtherailwaylinebetweenLondonandYorkshire.Twoyearslater,travelhadrisenbetweenthetwodestinationstothepointwheretheairlinewascarryingrecordnumbersofpassengers.

41.Britishairlinesconfideinthefactthat（）.

42.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthedropofpassengersmaybedescribedas（）.

43.Inthepassage,BritishRail(Para6)ismentionedto（）.

44.Therailway’sBrusselsrouteisbroughtforthtoshowthat（）.

45.Thepassageistakenfromthefirstofanessay,fromwhichwemaywellpredictthatinthefollowingparttheauthorisgoingto（）.

問題1選項

A.theyaremorepowerfulthanotherEuropeanairlines

B.theirtotallosswon’tgobeyondadropof5%passengers

C.theirtrafficlevelswillreturnin2-3years

D.travelingbyrailcannevercatchupwithtravelingbyair

問題2選項

A.worried.

B.delighted

C.puzzled

D.unrivaled

問題3選項

A.provideacomparisonwithEurostar

B.supporttheairlines’optimism

C.provetheinevitabledropofairpassengers

D.callforelectrificationandmodernizationoftherailway

問題4選項

A.theEurostartrainserviceisnotdoinggoodbusiness

B.theairlinescanwellcompetewiththerailway

C.theEurostartrainserviceonlycausedlittledamage

D.onlysomeairlines,suchasAirFrance,aresuffering

問題5選項

A.praisetheairlines’clear-mindedness

B.warntheairlinesofhigh-speedrailservices

C.proposeareductionofLondon/Parisflights

D.advisetheairlinestofollowBritishMidlandastheirmodel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】41.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.”，可知航空公司相信，損失將是有限的，乘客數(shù)量將在兩到三年內(nèi)恢復(fù)到以前的水平?？膳袛喑鲇娇展緢孕潘麄兊慕煌ㄋ綄⒃?-3年內(nèi)恢復(fù)。選項C符合題意。

42.作者態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，作者認(rèn)為列車的開通對航空公司的影響力度是有限的，客人最后還是會重新選擇航空運輸，所以對乘客數(shù)目下降的現(xiàn)象還是持樂觀態(tài)度的，但是從整篇文章的語氣來看，作者還是心存擔(dān)憂的。選項A符合題意。

43.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.”，客戶自航空公司堅信乘客最終還是會選擇航空運輸。又根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.”，可知航空公司對恢復(fù)客流量水平的樂觀態(tài)度是基于歷史先例。可推斷出作者下文提到BritishRail的例子就是為了證明這一觀點：航空公司對航空運輸?shù)乃匠挚陀^態(tài)度。選項B符合題意。

44.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic.”，可知在布魯塞爾的航線上，鐵路公司沒有那么成功，航空公司的報告顯示，只造成了5%左右的下降，并沒有明顯的影響?？赏茢喑霾剪斎麪栬F路的開通事例說明了歐洲之星列車只對航空運輸造成了很小的損害。選項C符合題意。

45.推斷題。整篇文章都在說明和強調(diào)航空公司對列車開通帶來的乘客流量下降并沒有很重視，而是一直持樂觀態(tài)度，相信乘客最終會選擇航空運輸，但是作者卻對此表現(xiàn)出擔(dān)憂，可推斷出作者在接下來的文段中將會給予航空公司一些警告，以讓他們能注重列車服務(wù)發(fā)展帶來的沖擊。選項B符合題意。

5.問答題

Themuseumisclosedthisafternoon.(Thereis)

【答案】Thereisnomuseumavailablethisafternoon.

6.單選題

（）shouldanymoneybegiventoasmallchild.

問題1選項

A.Onnoaccount

B.Fromallaccount

C.Ofnoaccount

D.Byallaccount

【答案】A

【解析】句意:絕不能給小孩錢。

語法題?？疾榈寡b。onnoaccount絕不；fromallaccount綜上所述;ofnoaccount不重要的，無價值的（形容詞）;byallaccount據(jù)說。題干中用到了部分倒裝，因此A項符合句意跟語法搭配。

7.單選題

Bornin1830inruralAmherst,Massachusetts,EmilyDickinsonspentherentirelifeinthehouseholdofherparents.Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.

IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson’slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife——herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived.Dickinsonwasnottheinnocent,lovelornandemotionallyfragilegirlsentimentalizedbytheDickinsonmythandpopularizedbyWilliamLuce’s1976play,theBelleofAmherst.HerdecisiontoshutthedooronAmherstsocietyinthe1850’stransferredherhouseintoakindofmagicalrealminwhichshewasfreetoengageherpoeticgenius.Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciationthroughwhichshe,inherquestforselfsovereignty,carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof“truewomanhood”.

1.What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasbeingoneofEmilyDickinson’seccentricities?

3.Accordingtothepassage,biographersofEmilyDickinsonhavetraditionally（

）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthatmanypeopleattributeEmilyDickinson'sseclusionto

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEmilyDickinsonlivedinasocietythatwascharacterizedby（

）.

問題1選項

A.TointerpretEmilyDickinson’seccentricbehavior.

B.TopromotethepopularmythofEmilyDickinson.

C.TodiscussEmilyDickinson’sfailedloveaffair.

D.TodescribethereligiousclimateinEmilyDickinson'stime

問題2選項

A.Refusingtoeat.

B.Wearingonlywhite

C.Avoidingvisitors.

D.Stayinginherroom

問題3選項

A.criticizedmostofherpoems

B.ignoredherinnocenceandemotionalfragility

C.seenherlifeinromanticterms

D.blamingherparentsforrestrictingheractivities

問題4選項

A.physicalillness

B.afailedloveaffair

C.religiousfervor

D.herdislikeofpeople

問題5選項

A.strongPuritanbeliefs

B.equalityofmenandwomen

C.theencouragementofnonconformity

D.theappreciationofpoeticcreativity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要在解釋艾米莉?迪金森生活行為古怪的原因。故選A“解釋艾米莉?迪金森古怪的行為”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。四個選項為:A:拒絕進(jìn)食,B:只穿白色衣服,C:拒絕見來訪者,D:待在房間。第一段指出:Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,

sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric(她越來越遠(yuǎn)離社會，呆在自己的房間里，有時拒絕面見來訪者，而她開始只穿白色的衣服這樣的習(xí)慣使她蒙上了怪人的名聲),因此只有A項未提及。答案選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson'slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife—herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived(傳記作者在決心用傳統(tǒng)的浪漫情節(jié)去理解迪金森的生活上，忽視了她生活的獨特方式，即她奮力去創(chuàng)造一個她生活的文化無法想象的女性生活)。因此C“從浪漫角度看待她的生活”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciation..(她的隱退不是失敗的風(fēng)流韻事的結(jié)果，而是一個更一般的放棄模式的一部分……)。因此在作者看來,很多人認(rèn)為艾米莉?迪金森的隱退是因為失敗的風(fēng)流韻事,故選B“失敗的風(fēng)流韻事”。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:...carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof"truewomanhood”(（艾米莉?迪金森）與清教徒的父親們進(jìn)行爭吵，用智慧去諷刺他們陰郁的加爾文教義，刻板的德高望重的上帝和他們對‘真正女性’的嚴(yán)格定義),由此可知A項“強大的清教徒信仰”正確。

8.單選題

Ifwe（）ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofrawmaterials.

問題1選項

A.diffuse

B.diminish

C.terminate

D.preclude

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項diffuse“擴(kuò)散；傳播；漫射”；B選項diminish“減少，縮小”；C選項terminate“使終止；使結(jié)束；解雇”；D選項preclude“排除；妨礙；阻止”。句意：如果我們終止與那個國家的關(guān)系，我們就得另找一個原材料供應(yīng)者。根據(jù)后半句句意可知C正確。

9.翻譯題

WhatIwishforallstudentsissomereleasefromthegrimgripofthefuture.Iwishthemachancetoenjoyeachsegmentoftheireducationasanexperienceinitselfandnotasatiresomerequirementinpreparationforthenextstep.Iwishthemtherighttoexperiment,totripandfall,tolearnthatdefeatisaseducationalasvictoryandisnottheendoftheworld.

Mywish,ofcourse,isnative.OneofthefewrightsthatAmericadoesnotproclaimistherighttofail.Achievementisthenationalgod,worshippedinourmedia—themillion-dollarathlete,thewealthyexecutiveandglorifiedinourpraiseofpossessions.Inthepresenceofsuchapotentstatereligion,theyoungaregrowingupold.

【答案】我希望所有的學(xué)生稍微擺脫未來的無情控制。我希望他們有機(jī)會把自己每一階段的教育純粹當(dāng)成一種經(jīng)歷來享受，而不是作為一種為下一步做準(zhǔn)備的令人厭倦的需要。我希望他們有權(quán)利去嘗試、跌倒、懂得失敗如同勝利一樣具有教育意義和失敗并不是世界的末日。

當(dāng)然，我的希望是天真的。失敗的權(quán)利是美國人不贊揚的幾個權(quán)利之一。成就是民族之神，在我們的媒體中受到崇拜——如身價百萬的運動員，富有的主管人員一樣——在我們對財富的贊美中得到榮耀。年輕人就是在這樣一種強有力的民族信仰熏陶下長大的。

10.翻譯題

“培根-OfStudy(論讀書)”Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelightisinprivateersandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebookaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;petswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.

【答案】選自培根《論讀書》，王佐良先生譯

讀書足以怡情，足以博彩，足以長才。其怡情也，最見于獨處幽居之時；其博彩也，最見于高談闊論之中；其長才也，最見于處世判事之際。書有可淺嘗者，有可吞食者，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。換言之，有只須讀其部分者，有只須大體涉獵者，少數(shù)則須全讀，讀時須全神貫注，孜孜不倦。

讀書使人充實，討論使人機(jī)智，筆記使人準(zhǔn)確。因此不常作筆記者須記憶特強，不常討論者須天生聰穎，不常讀書者須欺世有術(shù)，始能無知而顯有知。讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯。

11.單選題

______wassheinLondonthansherangupheroldfriendJane.

問題1選項

A.Nosooner

B.Assoon

C.Onlywhen

D.Rarelywhen

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。Nosooner…than…為固定用法，表示“一……就……”，故A項符合題意。B項assoon和as搭配，表示“一……就……”；C項后面接句子，表示“只有當(dāng)……”；D選項沒有這個用法。句意：她一到倫敦就給她的好朋友簡打電話。故正確答案為A。

12.單選題

Themanagingdirectortookthe（

）fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.

問題1選項

A.guilt

B.charge

C.blame

D.accusation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。guilt意為“有罪，犯罪行為”；charge意為“收費，指控”；blame意為“(壞事或錯事的)責(zé)任，責(zé)備”，taketheblamefor意為“承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任”；accusation意為“指責(zé)，譴責(zé)”。

句意：總經(jīng)理承擔(dān)了事故的責(zé)任，盡管并不真的是他的錯。

13.單選題

Foreignbusinessmen（）hesitatetoinvestalargesumofmoneyinatime-consumingandhigh-costprojectifthecountryisunderpoliticaldisturbances.

問題1選項

A.permanently

B.routinely

C.temporarily

D.unswervingly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。permanently“永久地；長期不變地”；routinely“例行公事地，老一套地”；temporarily“臨時地”；unswervingly“堅定不移地”。句意：如果一個國家政局不穩(wěn)，外商通常會猶豫是否投資耗時長、成本高的項目。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Claimsleftbehindinbankruptcygenerallyhaveonlya_______chanceofbeingpaid,sincetheyareunsecuredandnotbackedbyassets.

問題1選項

A.slender

B.slim

C.sizable

D.spare

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.slender微薄的，不足的（數(shù)量或尺寸）B.slim微薄的，不足的（沒有想要的、期待的那么大）（aslimchance機(jī)會渺茫）

C.sizable相當(dāng)大的D.spare不用的，閑置的

【答案】B

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞since，可知句子前后表示因果關(guān)系，因為在破產(chǎn)中遺留下來的債權(quán)沒有擔(dān)保和資金支持，所以得到償付的機(jī)會______，slim符合語境，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項不符合相應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】在破產(chǎn)中遺留下來的債權(quán)通常只有很小的機(jī)會得到償付，因為它們沒有擔(dān)保，也沒有資產(chǎn)支持。

15.單選題

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.

問題1選項

A.reasonable

B.radical

C.immediate

D.minimum

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過提倡……改變，他們認(rèn)為可以保持消費者的低成本狀態(tài)。reasonable“合理的，明智的”；radical“根本的，徹底的”；immediate“立即的”；minimum“最低的”。根據(jù)后面的“消費者的低成本狀態(tài)”可知前面的改變是“適度的”，即劃線單詞的意思是“適度的；合理的”。因此選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Despitewars,famines,andepidemics,Earth’spopulationisboomingaheadtonewrecordswithnoendinsight.

Everyday,theworldaddsenoughpeopletopopulateamedium-sizedcityintheUS.Inonemonth,thenumberofnewworldcitizensequalsthepopulationofNewYorkCity.Everyyear,thereare90millionmoremouthstofeed,morethanthetotalpopulationofGermany.

Severalfactorsarepropellingthisrapidgrowth,includinganelementthatofoftenoverlooked;thehugenumberofteenagerswhoarebecomingmothers,particularlyinthecountriesofsub-SaharanAfrica.

InfourAfricannationsNiger,Mali,SierraLeone,andIvoryCoast1outofevery5adolescentfemalesofchildbearingagehasababyannually.

TheUSBureauoftheCensussaysthishighrateofmotherhoodamongteenshashelpedtomaintainthehighpaceofbirthsacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent.Bystartingafamilyearly,atypicalwomaninSomalia,forinstance,hassevenchildrenduringherlifetime.EquallylargefamiliesaretheruleinZambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,andEthiopia.

Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren.

WhilepopulationexpertsoftenfocusonAfrica’sproblems,analystsnotethatteenagedmothersarealsofarmoreprevalentintheUnitedStatesthaninFrance,Germany,Italy,Sweden,orBritain.

Thisissue“babieshavingbabies”hasrecentlygainedprominenceintheUS.TeenagedmotherhoodintheUShasfueledanexpansionoftheState-federalwelfaresystemandbroughtcriesforwelfarereformfromlawmakers.

Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan.

Overall,thefertilityrateamongAmericansremainsrelativelylowat2.1birthsperwoman-aboutthereplacementlevel.AlthoughtheUSpopulationisexpectedtoclimbsteadily,from260milliontodayto323millionby2020,mostofthatgrowthwillcomefromimmigration.

TheCensusBureauestimatesthatinHaiti,wherethousandsofcitizensaretryingtofleetotheUSbecauseofmilitaryoppressionandpoverty,AIDSwillcuttheannualgrowthrateduringthenext25yearsfrom2.1percentto1.3percent.

ThedeclineingrowthisevensharperintheCentralAfricanRepublic,whererateswilldipfrom2.4percentto0.7percent.InThailand,whichalreadyhadlowbirthrates,ADISwilldrivepopulationdownwardto0.8percentayear.

Inthe16countriesthatarehithardest,AIDSwilllowerpopulationsby121millionoverexpectedprojectionsby2020.InAfrica,theimpactofAIDSissogreatthattrendstowardlongerlifespansduringthepast40yearsbeingreversed.Somenationswillsufferdeclinesinaveragelifespansof0to30yearscomparedwithexpectedlifespanswithoutAIDS.

IntheUS,whereAIDSisalsoasubstantialproblemtheimpactwillbelowerbecausethediseaseismostlylimitedtohomosexualsanddruguser,saysPeterWay,aCensusBureauresearch.InmanyAfricannations,AIDSisprevalentamongtheheterosexualpopulations,withsharplyboostsinfantmortality.

Acompellingchapterintheresearchdealswithaging.Todaythemedianageindevelopedcountriesis35,andthatindevelopingnationsisonly23.By2020,thecorrespondingfigureswillbe42and28.

Todaytherearefeweradultsover60(525million)thanchildrenunder5(636million).Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million.

1.Sub-SaharanAfricancountries（

）.

2.Thepassagestatesteenagedbirthsare

（

）.

3.ThepopulationgrowthrateintheUSis

（

）.

4.Fromthefactualdatainthepassage,weknowthatbytheyear2020

（

）.

5.Thepassageimpliesthatbytheyear2020（

）.

問題1選項

A.willhavethelargestworldpopulationby2020

B.havethehighestreproductiverateintheworld

C.areonlymodestlyaffectedbyAIDS

D.willhaveincreasinglylonglifespan

問題2選項

A.rareindevelopedcountries

B.mostprevalentinIndonesia

C.commoninRwanda

D.solelyresponsibleforpopulationincrease

問題3選項

A.higherthanthatinIndia

B.lowerthanthatinMexico

C.higherthanthatinIndonesia

D.lowerthanthatinSouthAmerica

問題4選項

A.thepopulationgrowthratesinThailandwillhaveincreased

B.therewillbedisproportionatenumberofolderpeople

C.USpopulationgrowthratewillstabilize

D.theaverageageofEuropeanswillbe35

問題5選項

A.birthrateswillbecurbedindevelopingcountries

B.therewillnolongerbeapopulationproblem

C.therewillbetoomanyyoungchildren

D.thedistributionoftheworld’spopulationwillhavealtered

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“撒哈拉以南非洲國家……”。文章第六段提到“人口出生率記錄的現(xiàn)在保持者是飽受戰(zhàn)亂的盧旺達(dá)，那里一位母親至少有八個或九個小孩”（Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren），由此可知選項B“有世界上最強的繁殖能力”符合題意，

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章稱青少年當(dāng)母親……”。提到“人口出生率記錄的現(xiàn)在保持者是飽受戰(zhàn)亂的盧旺達(dá)，那里一位母親至少有八個或九個小孩”（Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren），由此可知在盧旺達(dá)生孩子的年齡偏小是中普遍現(xiàn)象，選項C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“美國人口增長率……”。文章第九段提到“由于美國高的青少年為人母比率高，它的出生率現(xiàn)在跟上了印度尼西亞和非洲的部分地區(qū)，比墨西哥，印度以及巴基斯坦稍微高些”（Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan），由此可知選項A符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文中的實際數(shù)字，我們知道到2020年的時候……”。文章最后一段最后一句話提到“隨著世界人口老齡化，到2020年，60歲以上的人口將超過10億，而5歲以下的人口總數(shù)將達(dá)到7.71億”（Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million），選項B“將出現(xiàn)比例失調(diào)的老年人數(shù)量”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章暗示到2020年……”。文章提到了不同國家的人口出生率，以及最后提到世界人口老齡化程度加劇，都說明世界人口分布將發(fā)生變化，選項D符合題意。

17.單選題

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmore