考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大慶醫(yī)學(xué)高等專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大慶醫(yī)學(xué)高等專科學(xué)校考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

V.CivilandCommercialLaw

Earlyinthe20thcentury,NewZealandadoptedanationalno-faultworkerscompensationscheme,replacingtortlawforindustrialaccidentswhileleavingtherestofitintact.Italsomandatedtortliabilityinsuranceagainstautoaccidents.Duringthe1960s,NewZealandestablishedaroyalcommissiontoexplorepossiblereformstoitsworkerscompensationsystem.Assometimesoccurswithsuchbodies,itdecidednottobelimitedbyitsremitbutproceededinsteadtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.

In1967,thecommissionpublishedtheWoodhouseReport(namedafterthejusticewholedtheeffort).Itseverelycriticizedthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality,”unpredictabledamageawards,andhightransactioncosts(amountingtoover40%ofthetotalsystemcosts,muchlowerthanthecomparablecostsinU.S.asbestoslitigationfirstlaunchedataroundthesametime).Inplaceoftort,theReportproposedacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationschemeforpersonalinjuriesgenerally(notjustworkplaceaccidents),onethatithopedwouldbedesignedtoprovidewagelossbenefitsroughlymatchingpre-injuryearningsandadditionalbenefitsforpermanentbodilyimpairment,whilealsopromotingaccidentprevention,victimrehabilitation,andadministrativeefficiency.

In1972,theNationalPartygovernment,whoseJusticeandLabourministrieshadbeenactivelypromotingthecommissionandtheWoodhouseReport,pushedthroughtheAccidentCompensationAct.Itenjoyedbipartisansupportandpassedquiteeasily-afactthatwillastonishanyAmericanlawyerobservingtheendlessstrugglesovereventhemildesttortreformsintheU.S.Amendedin1973bythenewLabourgovernmenttoincludeaccidentstonon-wageearners,theActwentintoeffectinApril1974.

Evenmoresurprising,thepublicdidnotdemandthenewsystem.Instead,accordingtoGeoffreyPalmer,itwasthehandiworkofasmallgroupofdedicatedreformersledbyinfluentialandprestigiousjudges.Successwasassuredwhenthemajorgroupsopposingthereform—theinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions—turnedouttobepoliticallyweakandfragmented.ThenewsystemwasnotthecomprehensiveabolitionoftortthattheWoodhouseReporthadproposed.Rather,itlimitedno-faultcoveragetomotorvehicle-relatedinjuriesandtowage-earners’injuries(whetherworkrelatedornot).Butthegovernmentsubsequentlyexpandedthesystemtocovervirtuallyallaccidentalinjuriesandtoconferverybroadbenefitsforvictims.NewZealanderstodaygenerallyregardtheirsystem(somedisputeddetailsaside)asamainstayoftheirsocialpolicy.

67.Accordingtothe1stparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutthecommissionisNOTtrue?

68.TheWoodhouseReportcontainedthefollowingBUT___.

69.WhichstatementabouttheAccidentCompensationActistrue?

70.TheNewZealandersattitudetowardsthenewtortsystemwas___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasestablishedin1960.

B.Itwasauthorizedtoexplorepossiblereformstotheworkerscompensationsystem.

C.Itdecidedtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.

D.Itwasaroyalcommission.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.criticizingthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality”

B.propositionaboutacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationscheme

C.accidentprevention

D.muchlowercoststhanthecomparablecostsinU.S.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ItbecameeffectiveinApril1973.

B.TheNationalPartygovernmentwasagainsttheAct.

C.TheJusticeandLabourministriesactivelypromotedtheAct.

D.TheActwasamendedin1973beforeitbecameeffective.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.supportivefromtheverybeginning

B.representedbyasmallgroupofdedicatedreformers

C.firstunconcerned,thenbecameproudofit

D.representedbytheinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】67.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thecommission”定位到原文第一段Duringthe1960s,NewZealandestablishedaroyalcommissiontoexplorepossiblereformstoitsworkerscompensationsystem.（20世紀(jì)60年代，新西蘭成立了一個(gè)皇家委員會(huì)，探討對(duì)其工人薪酬制度可能進(jìn)行的改革）可知這個(gè)皇家委員會(huì)是在20世紀(jì)60年代（指1960~1969）成立，無(wú)法判斷是否成立于1960年，A選項(xiàng)“它成立于1960年”陳述和原文不符，B選項(xiàng)“它被授權(quán)探索對(duì)工人補(bǔ)償制度進(jìn)行可能的改革”以及D選項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)皇家委員會(huì)”符合原文；第一段Assometimesoccurswithsuchbodies,itdecidednottobelimitedbyitsremitbutproceededinsteadtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.（正如這些機(jī)構(gòu)有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生的那樣，它決定不受其職權(quán)范圍的限制，而是更廣泛地審查侵權(quán)制度）可知C選項(xiàng)“它決定更廣泛地審查侵權(quán)制度”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

68.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TheWoodhouseReport”定位到原文第二段amountingtoover40%ofthetotalsystemcosts,muchlowerthanthecomparablecostsinU.S.asbestoslitigationfirstlaunchedataroundthesametime（相當(dāng)于總制度成本的40%以上，遠(yuǎn)低于美國(guó)石棉訴訟中的可比成本）可知D選項(xiàng)“比美國(guó)的可比成本低得多”所提到的范圍比原文所提及的“遠(yuǎn)低于美國(guó)石棉訴訟中的可比成本”大得多，D選項(xiàng)對(duì)比原文有誤；第二段Itseverelycriticizedthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality,”（它嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)了基于過(guò)錯(cuò)的侵權(quán)制度的“虛假道德”）可知A選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)基于過(guò)錯(cuò)的侵權(quán)制度的‘虛假道德’”符合原文；第二段Inplaceoftort,theReportproposedacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationschemeforpersonalinjuriesgenerally…whilealsopromotingaccidentprevention…（報(bào)告提出了一個(gè)全面的人身傷害無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)賠償計(jì)劃……同時(shí)也促進(jìn)了事故預(yù)防……）可知B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于全面無(wú)故障補(bǔ)償方案的提議”和C選項(xiàng)“事故預(yù)防”符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

69.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段In1972,theNationalPartygovernment,whoseJusticeandLabourministrieshadbeenactivelypromotingthecommissionandtheWoodhouseReport,pushedthroughtheAccidentCompensationAct.（1972年，國(guó)家黨政府，其司法部和勞動(dòng)部一直在積極推動(dòng)委員會(huì)和伍德豪斯報(bào)告，推動(dòng)通過(guò)了事故賠償法）可知C選項(xiàng)“司法部和勞工部積極推動(dòng)該法”符合原文，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家黨政府反對(duì)該法案”和原文相悖；第三段Amendedin1973bythenewLabourgovernmenttoincludeaccidentstonon-wageearners,theActwentintoeffectinApril1974（新工黨政府于1973年修訂了這項(xiàng)法案，將事故納入非工薪階層，該法案于1974年4月生效）可知法案生效于1974年4月，A選項(xiàng)“1973年4月生效”和D選項(xiàng)“該法案在1973年生效前進(jìn)行了修正”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

70.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TheNewZealanders”定位到原文第四段Evenmoresurprising,thepublicdidnotdemandthenewsystem.（更令人驚訝的是，公眾并沒(méi)有要求新系統(tǒng)）可知新西蘭人最開(kāi)始并沒(méi)有支持新的侵權(quán)制度，而是不關(guān)心，A選項(xiàng)“從一開(kāi)始就支持”不符合原文，結(jié)合第四段最后一句NewZealanderstodaygenerallyregardtheirsystem(somedisputeddetailsaside)asamainstayoftheirsocialpolicy.（今天的新西蘭人普遍認(rèn)為他們的制度（撇開(kāi)一些有爭(zhēng)議的細(xì)節(jié)不談）是他們社會(huì)政策的支柱）可知起初不關(guān)心的新西蘭人們現(xiàn)在覺(jué)得自豪，選C選項(xiàng)“起初不關(guān)心，后來(lái)變得自豪”；第四段Instead,accordingtoGeoffreyPalmer,itwasthehandiworkofasmallgroupofdedicatedreformersledbyinfluentialandprestigiousjudges.（相反，據(jù)杰弗里帕爾默說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)由有影響力和聲望的法官領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的致力于改革的小團(tuán)體的杰作）可知B選項(xiàng)“由一小群獻(xiàn)身的改革者代表”并不是新西蘭民眾的態(tài)度，原文只是說(shuō)明這個(gè)制度是由有影響力和聲望的法官領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的致力于改革的小團(tuán)體的杰作；第四段Successwasassuredwhenthemajorgroupsopposingthereform—theinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions—turnedouttobepoliticallyweakandfragmented.（當(dāng)反對(duì)改革的主要團(tuán)體——保險(xiǎn)業(yè)、律師協(xié)會(huì)和工會(huì)——在政治上變得軟弱和支離破碎時(shí)，改革取得了成功）可知保險(xiǎn)業(yè)、律師協(xié)會(huì)和工會(huì)是反對(duì)改革的主要群體，并不是新西蘭人對(duì)新的侵權(quán)制度的態(tài)度，也不能算新西蘭人對(duì)這一制度的代表態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)“以保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)、律師和工會(huì)為代表”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Althoughthenumberofreportedvolcaniceruptionshasrisenexponentiallysince1850,thisindicatesnotincreasingvolcanicactivitybutrathermorewidespreadand______recordkeeping.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.systematic

B.erratic

C.superficial

D.abating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)systematic“系統(tǒng)的，體系的”，B項(xiàng)erratic“不穩(wěn)定的，古怪的”，C項(xiàng)superficial“表面的，膚淺的”，D項(xiàng)abating是abate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“使減少，使緩和”?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€(gè)和widespread并列的形容詞，D項(xiàng)可排除；根據(jù)recordkeeping（記錄保存），結(jié)合其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思可知，只有A項(xiàng)是符合語(yǔ)境的。句意：雖然自1850年以來(lái)，報(bào)告的火山爆發(fā)次數(shù)呈指數(shù)級(jí)增長(zhǎng)，但這并不表示是火山活動(dòng)的增加，而是更廣泛和更系統(tǒng)的記錄保存。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Somesocialcriticstookadimviewoftheindustrialismofthenineteenthcentury,believingthatit（）aharsh,crudelife-style.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eradicated

B.facilitated

C.released

D.imagined

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。eradicate“根除，消滅”；facilitate“促進(jìn)，助長(zhǎng)”；release“釋放，發(fā)行”；imagine“想象，猜想”。句意：一些社會(huì)批判家對(duì)19世紀(jì)的工業(yè)化持悲觀態(tài)度，認(rèn)為它助長(zhǎng)了一種嚴(yán)酷粗糙的生活方式。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Therewasmuch（）amongthecyclistsafterthedifficultride.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.camaraderie

B.camradene

C.commraderie

D.comraderie

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)camaraderie“友情”；B，C和D這三項(xiàng)在英語(yǔ)中不存在。句意：在這個(gè)艱難的騎行后，這些騎車者之間產(chǎn)生了很多友情。結(jié)合句意，故A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Intimesofeconomicdifficulty,corporatebudgetsforresearchdevelopmentareoften（）beforeanyothers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shifted

B.examined

C.slashed

D.presented

【答案】C

【解析】shift轉(zhuǎn)移,變換；examine檢查；slash削減；present提出,呈現(xiàn)。句意：在經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期,企業(yè)的研究開(kāi)發(fā)預(yù)算往往比其他任何時(shí)候都要先削減。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.Theofficialcasefor“academicmobility”isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialprogressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope,butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold.

Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,theirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whetherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues;onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery,oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeencomfortingtoknowthatotherpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,confrontedbyridiculeorneglect.

Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheaeroplane,makingcontactbetweenscholarseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelypossible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.

Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitiesandrequirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentersoflearning,andafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.

Inaddition,onemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.

Thesepeoplewouldworkinsome,isolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries.

Frequentlythesespecializationslieinareaswhereveryrapiddevelopmentsaretakingplace,andalsowheretheresearchneededfordevelopmentsisextremelycostlyandtakesalongtime.Itispreciselyintheseareasthattheadvantagesofcooperationandsharingofexpertiseappearmostevident.Associatedwiththisisthegrowthofspecialistperiodicals,whichenablescholarstobecomeawareofwhatishappeningindifferentcentersofresearchandtomeeteachotherinconferencesandsymposia.Fromthesemeetingscomepersonalrelationshipswhichareatthebottomofalmostallformalizedschemesofcooperation,andprovidethemwiththeirmostsatisfactorystimulus.

1.Accordingtothepassage,scholarsandstudentsaregreattravelersbecause（

）.

2.Thewritersaysthattravelwasimportantinthepastbecauseit（

）.

3.Thewriterthinksthatacademicworkhasrecentlybecomemorespecializedbecause（

）.

4.Thewriterclaimsthatitisimportantforspecialiststobeabletotravelbecause（

）.

5.Developmentsininternationalco-operationareoften,itissuggested,theresultof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.salariesandconditionsarebetterabroad

B.standardsarehigheratforeignuniversities

C.theyareeagerfornewknowledge

D.theirgovernmentsencouragethemtotravel

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ledtoeconomicprogress

B.wasawayofspreadingideas

C.madenewideaslessshocking

D.brokedownpoliticalbarriers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplearestudyingsciences

B.agreatervarietyofsubjectsisstudied

C.morestudentsaredoingpostgraduatework

D.thenumberofuniversitieshasincreased

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theirfellowexpertsarescatteredroundtheworld

B.theirlaboratoriesareinremoteplaces

C.therearesomanypeopleworkinginsimilarfields

D.thereisalotofdissatisfactionwithsocialaffairsatuniversities

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.articlesinlearnedjournals

B.programssponsoredbygovernments

C.friendshipsformedbyscholarsatmeetings

D.theworkofinternationalagencies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

1.文章第一段最后一句話Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold提到認(rèn)真的學(xué)生總是準(zhǔn)備去國(guó)外尋找充滿新思想的老師和最負(fù)盛名的學(xué)府，去尋求純粹的哲學(xué)，最有效的醫(yī)學(xué)等等。由此可知，學(xué)生和學(xué)者去國(guó)外是為了學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句話Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,theirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople提到這種流動(dòng)性意味著思想的流動(dòng)，思想穿越了國(guó)界，并且對(duì)許多群體產(chǎn)生了影響。由此可知，學(xué)者的旅行在不斷促進(jìn)思想的傳播。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章第五段Inaddition,onemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined提到人們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到尤其是在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)科數(shù)量的顯著增長(zhǎng)成就了一大批專門領(lǐng)域研究的專家。由此可知學(xué)術(shù)研究的專門化是由于學(xué)科數(shù)量的增加引起的，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.文章第五段最后一句Thesepeoplewouldworkinsome,isolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries提到如果他們不去與同樣孤單的團(tuán)體保持聯(lián)系，他們將會(huì)陷于孤立的境地。所以，他們需要通過(guò)旅行來(lái)保持彼此之間的聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章最后一句Fromthesemeetingscomepersonalrelationshipswhichareatthebottomofalmostallformalizedschemesofcooperation,andprovidethemwiththeirmostsatisfactorystimulus提到學(xué)者們建立的私人關(guān)系是幾乎所有合作體系中最基本的要素，并且能推動(dòng)學(xué)術(shù)的發(fā)展，這是令所有學(xué)者都滿意的。由此可知，國(guó)際合作往往開(kāi)始于學(xué)者間建立的私人關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.翻譯題

商務(wù)印書館是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代出版史上歷史最悠久的文化出版機(jī)構(gòu)。作為國(guó)內(nèi)外著名的出版機(jī)構(gòu),它為文化的傳播和新知識(shí)的介紹做出了卓越的貢獻(xiàn)。出版物遍及社會(huì)科學(xué)、自然科學(xué)、應(yīng)用技術(shù)、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、兒童讀物、教科書、中外語(yǔ)文辭書、各類雜志和各個(gè)門類專業(yè)的工具書。商務(wù)印書館的出版物,對(duì)我國(guó)思想界、文化界、教育界均有一定的影響。

通信衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)在過(guò)去的幾十年中取得了很大的成功,已引起了人們對(duì)未來(lái)的廣泛的關(guān)注,一些國(guó)家正在采用衛(wèi)星來(lái)發(fā)展國(guó)內(nèi)的通信,以取代傳統(tǒng)的陸地電話線。但是,衛(wèi)星研制、發(fā)射和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的成本很高,超出了一些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)承受能力。盡管如此,通信衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)得到了越來(lái)越多的人的重視和支持,這種技術(shù)會(huì)在未來(lái)更加普及。

【答案】TheCommercialPressistheoldestculturalpublishinghouseinthehistoryofChina’scontemporarypublication.Asawell-knownpublishinghouseenjoyinggreatprestigebothathomeandabroad,ithasmadeoutstandingcontributionstothepropagationofcultureandtheintroductionofnewknowledge.Bookspublishedbyitincludevariouscategoriesofpublicationsrelativetosocialscience,naturescience,appliedscience,artandliterature,children’sbooks,textbooks,dictionariesofChineseandforeignlanguages,differentkindsofmagazinesandspecializedreferencebooks,whichhaveexertedgreatinfluenceintheideological,culturalandeducationalcirclesofourcountry.

Communicationsatellitesystemshavebeenquiteasuccessinthepastdecades,evokingwidespreadattentiontotheirfuture.Somecountrieshavebeenusingsatellitesfordomesticcommunicationsinplaceofconventionaltelephonelinesonland.Butsatellites’development,launchingandoperationaresocostlythatsomecountriescan’tafford.Inspiteofallthis,communicationsatellitesaregainingattentionandsupportfrommoreandmorepeople.Thetechniqueseemslikelytobemorewidelyutilizedinthefuture.

8.問(wèn)答題

FishingandRights

Acidification,warming,thedestructionofcoralreefs:thebiggestproblemsfacingtheseaareasvast,deepandseeminglyintractableastheoceansthemselves.Solongastheworldfailstocutitsemissionsofgreenhousegases,causeoftheglobalwarmingbehindthesetroubles,theywillgrow.Bycomparison,overfishing,anothergreatcause,shouldbeeasiertoputright,especiallyinthecoastalwaterswheremostfishingoccurs.Andyetitgoeson,yearafteryear.

Fishermenhaveeveryreasontodosomething.Manyfisheriesarehurtlingtowardscollapse;stocksoflargefishhavebeenreducedbyupto90%.Whenstocksareoverfished,theyyieldasmallercatch.Thecostofmismanagement,inlosteconomicoutput,ishuge:some$50billionayear,accordingtotheWorldBank.

Onereasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffishstocksispoor,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Anewstatisticalattemptatestimatingtheremainingshoals,fromUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,isthereforewelcome—evenifthatisnottrueofitsfindingsthatstocksareevenmoreravagedthanpreviouslythought.Thestudyfoundthatbetterunderstoodfisheriesarelikeliertobehealthy.Anotherreasonforoverfishingisnewtechnology(developed,aptlyenough,for

battlefields),whichmakesshoalseasiertodetect.Aslargeboatsandrefrigerationhavespread,fishingfleetshavecoveredgreaterdistancesandhovereduplargercatches.Becausetechnologyletsfishermenfishwithlesseffort,itdisguisesjusthowfastthestocksaredepleting.

Fishermengenerallyunderstandtherisksofoverfishing.Yetstilltheyfloutquotas,wheretheyexist.Thatisoftenbecausetheytakeashort-termviewoftheasset—theywouldrathercashinnowandinvestthemoneyinsomethingelse.Anditisinvariablycompoundedbyacommons-despoilingfeeingthatiftheydon'tplunder,otherswill.

Inmostfisheries,thefishermenwouldmakemoremoneybyhusbandingtheirresource,anditshouldbepossibletoincentivizethemtodoso.Thebestwayistogivethemadefined,long-termrighttoashareofthefish.Inregulatedindustrialfisheries,asinIceland,NewZealandandAmerica,thishastakentheformofatradable,individualshareofafishingquota.Developingcountries,wherelawenforcementisweak,seemtodobetterwhenagrouprightoveranexpanseofwaterisgiventoacooperativeorvillagefleet.Theprincipleisthesame:fishermenwhofeellikeownersaremorelikelytobehaveasresponsiblestewards.Thenewstatisticalstudyconfirmsthatrights-basedfisheriesaregenerallyhealthier.

Yetonlyafewhundredoftheocean'sthousandsoffisheriesarerunthisway,mainlybecausesuchschemesarehardtogetright.Limitingaccesstoacommonresourcecreateslosers,andthereforediscord.Culturaldifferencesaffectsuccessrates;noteveryoneisaslaw-abidingasIcelanders.Almosteverywhereittakestimetoconvincefishermen,thelasthunter-gatherers,tochangetheirhabits.But,barnacledbycaveatsthoughitmaybe,therights-basedapproachisthebestavailable.

Inrichcountries,satelliteimagerywillincreasinglyhelp,bymakingmonitoringcheaperandbetter.Inmanypoorones,devolutionismakingiteasiertoformlocalorganizations.Anotherpromisingideaistoincorporaterights-basedfisherieswithno-catchzones.Thesesafeguardbreeding-stocksandareeasiertomonitorthanindividualcatches.Wherestocksarerecovering,asaresultofthesereforms,fishermenarelikeliertoseescientificallydeterminedquotasasintheirself-interest.Intheend,thatmaybetheonlyhope.

【答案】Inthisessay"FishingandRights",theauthorthinksthatglobalwarmingcausesacidification,warming,andthedestructionofcoralreefs.However,overfishingisanothergreatcause,andshouldbeeasiertoputright.Theoverfishingoffishermenhasleadedthestocksoflargefishtoreducelargely.

Themainreasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffishstocksispoor,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Fishermengenerallyunderstandtherisksofoverfishing,theyfloutquotas.Moreover,thefishermeninmostfisherieswouldmakemoremoneybyhusbandingtheirresource.Onlyafewhundredoftheocean'sthousandsoffisheriesarerunthisway,andbarnacledbycaveatsthoughitmaybe,therights-basedapproachisthebestavailable.Interestingly,theincorporationoftherights-basedfisherieswithno-catchzonesmaybetheonlyhope.

9.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositioninabout200wordsunderthefollowingtitle.

EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

【答案】EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

Alongwiththeeconomicdevelopment,livingstandard’senhancement,theenvironmentquestionbecomesafocalpointwhichgraduallyattractspeople’sattention.InChina,thisproblemisratherdifferentbecauseofourheavypopulationandrapiddevelopment.Therefore,ourgovernmentputtheenvironmentalprotectionupasabasicstatepolicy.Andthen,Iwouldliketotalkabouttheenvironmentalprotectionofourcountry.

Inmyopinion,theprotectionofenvironmentisastep-by-stepprogress,weneedpatientandcare.Therearethewaysandsuggestionsofprotectingtheenvironment.Thefirstoneistomakeasynchronizationofthebuildandprotectofenvironment.Protecttheanimals,plants,forestsandwatertogetherinsteadofmerelydealwiththedamagedones.Thiscanmakeourenvironmentsustainableandprovidecontinuousrecourses.Secondly,improvepeople’senthusiasmofprotectingtheenvironment.People’ssenseofenvironmentalprotectionandtheirattendancearethemostimportantparts.Wecandomoreadvertisementsandletpeopleknowmoreaboutthis.Thirdly,makethelawsofthispartmorecomplete.Ifwewanttomakeadifferenceintheprotectionofenvironment,weneedthesupportoflaws,andtheycanbeourguarantee.

Weshouldknowtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionandkeepitclear.Itisinrelationshipwiththedevelopmentofoureconomic,theprogressofthesocietyandthehealthofpeople.Withtheresponsibilityofoursociety,weshoulddoitwellandmakeourenvironmentmorecleanandcomfortable.

10.單選題

The（）dancerwhowas70wasjusttooexhaustedtoproducegooddancemoves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.morass

B.hierarchical

C.effete

D.proselyte

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)morass“沼澤；困境；亂糟糟的一堆”；B選項(xiàng)hierarchical“分層的；等級(jí)體系的”；C選項(xiàng)effete“衰老的；疲憊的；（土地）貧瘠的”；D選項(xiàng)proselyte“使改宗教信仰”。句意：年齡為70歲的這位衰老的跳舞者，實(shí)在是太疲憊而無(wú)法拿出好的舞蹈動(dòng)作。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.單選題

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'magoodeconomicindicator,"shesays."Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus."Idon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too"shesays.

EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscoiningatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay.holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospect,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.

Consumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,"there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses.”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets."Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree."saysJohnDeadly,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.

Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn'tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan'shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantneedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.

1.By“EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet’’(Line1,Paragraph1),theauthormeans（）.

2.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?

3.Whenmentioning“the$4millionto$10millionrange’’(Lines3,Paragraph3)theauthoristalkingabout（）.

4.Whycanmanypeoplesee‘‘silverlinings”totheeconomicslowdown?

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness.

B.Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork.

C.Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit.

D.Speroisnotinadesperatesituation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Optimistic

B.Confused

C.Carefree

D.Panicked.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.goldmarket.

B.realestate.

C.stockexchange

D.ventureinvestment.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywouldbenefitincertainways.

B.Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery.

C.Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom

D.Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Anewboom,onthehorizon.

B.Tightenthebelt，thesingleremedy.

C.Cautionallright,panicnot

D.Themoreventures,themorechances.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12toS50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.這位47歲的美甲師也沒(méi)有像她想的那樣修剪、填充或拋光那么多的指甲。她的大多數(shù)客戶每周花費(fèi)12至50美元，但上個(gè)月，兩位老客戶突然不再光顧。因此，斯珀羅開(kāi)始縮減開(kāi)支，在迪拉德位于克利夫蘭郊區(qū)的家附近的中檔百貨商店購(gòu)物，而不是去內(nèi)曼?馬庫(kù)斯(NeimanMarcus)。由此段內(nèi)容可知雖然Ellen的生意沒(méi)以前好了，但Ellen的生活狀況并沒(méi)有陷入絕望的境地。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospect,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.但是現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有發(fā)出警報(bào)。消費(fèi)者似乎只是擔(dān)心，并沒(méi)有驚慌失措，許多人說(shuō)，他們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期前景仍持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度，盡管他們采取了一些適度的緊縮措施?？芍M(fèi)者對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)保持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度，故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。由第三段Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,"there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses.”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets."Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree."在大多數(shù)地區(qū)，房?jī)r(jià)保持穩(wěn)定。在曼哈頓，“新的淘金熱在400萬(wàn)到1000萬(wàn)美元之間發(fā)生，主要是由華爾街的獎(jiǎng)金推動(dòng)的。”經(jīng)紀(jì)人芭芭拉?科克倫說(shuō)。在舊金山，房?jī)r(jià)仍在上漲，盡管瘋狂的高出價(jià)已經(jīng)平息?，F(xiàn)在，你可能只會(huì)收到兩三個(gè)offer，而不是20到30個(gè)?？芍?00萬(wàn)到1000萬(wàn)美元是指房?jī)r(jià)，整段都是圍繞房?jī)r(jià)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)的，故B項(xiàng)