考研考博-英語-北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

中國畫是中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)的一個(gè)重要分支。使用長毫毛筆，墨汁及水彩在絹紙上創(chuàng)作的傳統(tǒng)中國畫可謂碩果累累，且對(duì)中國文化與藝術(shù)有著重要影響。

傳統(tǒng)中國畫可以按其主題分為人物，山水，花鳥畫等，或依據(jù)創(chuàng)作技法區(qū)分為工畫(Meticulous)和寫意畫(Thought-sketching)。

中國畫將詩、書、畫、印結(jié)合起來，構(gòu)成一種程式化形式的藝術(shù)。憑借上述元素，中國畫能夠充分展現(xiàn)B師的藝術(shù)特色，并且增添了其美學(xué)價(jià)值。

【答案】ChinesepaintingisanimportantbranchofChinesetraditionalart.Withusinglonghairpens,inkandwatercolor,traditionalChinesepaintingscreatedonsilkpaperhavebeenfruitfulandhavehadanimportantimpactonChinesecultureandart.

TraditionalChinesepaintingcanbedividedinto,accordingtoitsthemelandscape,figurepainting,landscapepaintingandbirdandflowerpainting,etc.,ordividedintoMeticulouspaintingandThought-sketchingpaintinginaccordancewiththecreativetechnique.

Chinesepaintingcombinespoetry,calligraphy,paintingandprintingtoformastylizedformofart.Withaboveelements,Chinesepaintingcanfullyshowtheartist'sartisticcharacteristicsandadditsaestheticvalue.

2.單選題

Manyoftheinventionsthatmadepeople（

）andhavedeterminedthedirectionofAmericanindustrywererelatedtoagricultureandfoodproduction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affluent

B.abundant

C.sufficient

D.bankrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。affluent富裕的，豐富的；abundant充裕的，豐富的；用來形容物。sufficient足夠的，充足的；bankrupt破產(chǎn)的。句意：許多使人民生活富足并且決定了美國產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方向的發(fā)明都與農(nóng)業(yè)和食品生產(chǎn)有關(guān)。由inventions可知發(fā)明都是為了讓人類的生活更好，故可推知這些發(fā)明使人民生活富足。答案A

3.單選題

Wehave（

）thesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們己經(jīng)廢除了人剝削人的制度。

動(dòng)詞辨析。Cancel取消，刪除;abolish廢除（一種制度，形式）;refuse拒絕；reject抵制，排斥.。因此B符合句意。

4.單選題

“Twohundredeightmillion,twohundredninemillion,twohundredtenmillion...”ThatisthesoundofsolidwastehittingthebottomofgarbagecansalloverUnitedStatesin1996.Solidwastesarematerialsthatarediscardedorthrownawayafterusebyconsumersandbusinesses.Thisdoesnotincludefluidmaterials.Duringthatyear,Americansthrewaway210milliontons(about43pounds/20kilogramsperpersondaily)ofgarbage.Wethrowaway12.4milliontonsofglassandabout80milliontonsofpaperproducts.Americaalsothrowsawaylargeamounts(intons)offoodscraps,yardwastes,plastics,sludgefromsewagetreatmentplants,andothermaterials.Thatisalmostamountainofgarbage.

Eventhoughwemakeanefforttorecycleandcompostoursolidwaste,theamountofwastekeepsincreasingeachyear.Ourbiggestproblemiswheretoputthesolidwasteandhowtokeepitfrompollutingourenvironment.Ifsolidwasteisdisposedofincorrectly,itcancontaminateoursurfaceandundergroundwatersupplies.Currently,ourmunicipalwasteorwastecollectedbyourcitiesandtowns,goestolandfills.Today,about85%ourgarbagegoestolandfillsorgarbagedumps.Thiswastemustbetreatedtokeeprats,fliesandotheranimalsfrombuildingtheirhomeinthelandfills.Thetreatalsopreventsthegrowthofbacteriaandotherorganismthatcarrydiseases.So,howdowehandlethismountainofgarbage?Scientistshavecomeupwithdifferentmethodsforhandlingourwasteproblem.

OnetypeofwastedisposalcalledsanitarylandfillwasfirstusedinFresnoCalifornia,in1937.Insanitarylandfill,thesolidwasteisspreadinthinlayersthatcompactedandcoveredwithalayerofearth.Thisisamoreexpensivemethod,butittakesawaythehazardsthatarecausedbylandfills.Italsoallowedthelandtobeusedforbuildingorrecreation.Thenegativeofthelandfillsisthatit’stoughtofindopenlandandthisprocessisveryexpensive.Thelandalsoneedsitswatersourcesprotectedsothatthewaterwillnotpollutethewatersupply.Landfill(waterdumps)andsanitarylandfillsrelyonthenaturalbiodegradabilityofthesolidwastes.Solidwastearebiodegradableiftheycandecayorbreakdownthroughtheactionoflivingorganismsandreturntotheearth.Howevercertainmaterialstakelongertodecaythanothers,andsomematerialsdonotdecayordecomposeatall.Scientistsneedtofindothermethodsofwastedisposal.Incinerationandrecyclingaremethodsthatarecurrentlyinusetoday.

1.Thispassageisaboutdisposalproblemofsolidwaste（）.

2.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,about（）isdumpedtolandfills.

4.Theword“recycle”(Line1,Paragraph2)means（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byconsumers

B.inCalifornia

C.bymunicipalgovernment

D.inAmerica

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.treatmentofthesolidisahardnuttocrack

B.solutionforproperdisposalwillbefoundsoon

C.Californiasetagoodexampleinsolidwastein1930s

D.thegovernmentremainsconfidentaboutthesolidwaste

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.12.4milliontonsofgarbage

B.80milliontonsofgarbage

C.85%ofthegarbage

D.92.4tonsofgarbage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tosendsomethingfaraway

B.tothrowsomethingawaytotherightplace

C.toconvertwasteintoreusablematerial

D.toturnintofertilizers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Solidwastedoesnotincludefluidmaterials.

B.SanitarylandfillisatypeofwastedisposalmethodonceusedinCalifornia.

C.Burningisnotamethodthatisusedtoday.

D.Compostingisstilloneofthewaystohandlethemountainofgarbage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“ThatisthesoundofsolidwastehittingthebottomofgarbagecansalloverUnitedStates.”可知，本文主要講的是全美國的固體垃圾處理問題，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.信息歸納題。根據(jù)原文可知，盡管我們一直在為處理固體垃圾不斷努力，但每年廢棄物的數(shù)量都在不斷增加，由此可知，這是一個(gè)棘手的難題，選項(xiàng)A正確；焚燒和回收是目前正在使用的方法，科學(xué)家需要找到其他廢物處理方法，由此可知這是一個(gè)漫長的過程，所以選項(xiàng)B不正確；根據(jù)最后一段，加州雖然首次使用了衛(wèi)生填埋的方法，但存在很多弊端，所以選項(xiàng)C不正確；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“Today,about85%ourgarbagegoestolandfillsorgarbagedumps.”大約85%的垃圾進(jìn)入了垃圾填埋場或垃圾場。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.詞義推斷題。“recycle”指循環(huán)利用。選項(xiàng)C將廢物轉(zhuǎn)化為可重復(fù)使用的材料，正確。

5.是非判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thisdoesnotincludefluidmaterials.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第三段第一句“OnetypeofwastedisposalcalledsanitarylandfillwasfirstusedinFresnoCalifornia.”可知選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Incinerationandrecyclingaremethodsthatarecurrentlyinusetoday.”可知選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段第一句“Eventhoughwemakeanefforttorecycleandcompostoursolidwaste”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。所以本題選C。

5.單選題

ToreturnGermanpropertytoGermanyiscertainlyjustand____.However,toclaimthatthepaintingsofRembrandandVermeerarepartofGermany’sculturalheritageoverstatesthematter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decent

B.exhilarating

C.eruptive

D.combative

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.decent體面的；正派的B.exhilarating令人高興或興奮的

C.eruptive爆發(fā)的D.combative好戰(zhàn)的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】修飾語與被修飾語的搭配

【解題思路】空格處所填的形容詞修飾的是“把德國的財(cái)產(chǎn)還給德國”這件事，能修飾這件事的是B選項(xiàng)exhilarating“令人高興或興奮的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)decent指人正直的、正派的，或人的行為舉止得體的、體面的，或某物像樣的、體面的，與被修飾語搭配不當(dāng)；

C選項(xiàng)eruptive“爆發(fā)的”，與被修飾語搭配不當(dāng)；

D選項(xiàng)combative“好戰(zhàn)的”，與被修飾語搭配不當(dāng)。

【句意】把德國的財(cái)產(chǎn)歸還德國當(dāng)然是公正的、令人高興的。然而，聲稱倫勃朗（Rembrand）和維米爾（Vermeer）的畫作是德國文化遺產(chǎn)的一部分，就言過其實(shí)了。

6.單選題

JapanremainstiedtotheWesterncamppartlybecausetherelationshiphasbecome（

）tohereconomyandpoliticsoverfortyyears’association.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.integral

B.unilateral

C.rational

D.hierarchical

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:日本依然和西方保持著關(guān)系，因?yàn)檫@層關(guān)系是他40年社交出來經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的不可分割的一部分。

integral構(gòu)成整體所必需的，完整的。unilateral單邊的；［植］單側(cè)的；單方面的。rational合理的；理性的。hierarchical分層的；等級(jí)體系的。

7.單選題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Byitssustainability.

B.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

C.Byitsproductivity.

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.localizedpollution

B.competitionfromoverseas

C.theshrinkingoffarmland

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

B.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.（在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域尤其如此，可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而沒有從歷史和文化的角度進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。）因此可持續(xù)發(fā)展就是人們衡量農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)步的指標(biāo)，A選項(xiàng)“通過它的可持續(xù)性正確”。B選項(xiàng)“通過它對(duì)環(huán)境的影響”；C選項(xiàng)“通過它的生產(chǎn)力”；D選項(xiàng)“通過它對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)”這三項(xiàng)都不是文章認(rèn)為的觀點(diǎn)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields...However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.（來自海外的競爭促使農(nóng)民專業(yè)化并提高產(chǎn)量。在這一時(shí)期，食品變得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，這些變化也導(dǎo)致了棲息地的喪失和生物多樣性的減少。）也就是說這些使農(nóng)民專業(yè)化并且增加產(chǎn)量的手段使得物種生物性減少，因此D選項(xiàng)“生物多樣性的減少”正確。A選項(xiàng)“局部污染”這個(gè)是原文所沒有提及的；B選項(xiàng)“來自海外的競爭”這個(gè)是造成物種多樣性減少的根本原因，因果顛倒；C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)田的萎縮”原文并沒有明確提及。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第三段第三句話Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.（例如，我們需要擺脫認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)做法不可避免的比新做法更具可持續(xù)性的想法。）也就是說傳統(tǒng)做法并不比新做法具有持續(xù)性，因此C選項(xiàng)“它們不一定是可持續(xù)的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來一直保持不變”原文未提及；B選項(xiàng)“它們沒有跟上人口增長的步伐”，不符合原文；D選項(xiàng)“它們是環(huán)保的”與原文相悖。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第三段第一、二句話Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.（所有這些都意味著，21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與20世紀(jì)截然不同。這需要激進(jìn)的思維。）激進(jìn)的思維將會(huì)帶來根本性的改變，根據(jù)這句話可以得出B選項(xiàng)“它將經(jīng)歷根本性的變化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它將提供更多的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品”，無關(guān)項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“它將放棄傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)做法”，原文并沒有明確的提出說是否要放棄傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的做法；D選項(xiàng)“它將對(duì)環(huán)境造成零損害”，這個(gè)是做不到的。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提到，Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.（在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域尤其如此，可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而沒有從歷史和文化的角度進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。）人們忽略了從歷史文化的角度去合理評(píng)價(jià)它；接下來三段具體分析了人們是如何忽略的；第五段至末段提出21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與以前的截然不同，要求人們改變?cè)械霓r(nóng)業(yè)方面的可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想。由此可知，作者主要是為了讓人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)，因此D選項(xiàng)“敦促人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)”。A選項(xiàng)“提醒人們可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需要”，是片面的信息；B選項(xiàng)“建議確?？沙掷m(xù)糧食生產(chǎn)的方法”，只是文章中有略過，不是主旨；C選項(xiàng)“提出衡量農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，作者并沒有提出。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Predictingthefutureisriskybusinessforascientist.Itissafetosay,however,thattheglobalAIDSepidemicwillgetmuchworsebeforeitgetsanybetter.Sadly,thismodernplaguewillbewithusforseveralgenerations,despitemajorscientificadvances.

AsofJanuary2000,theAIDSepidemichasclaimed15millionlivesandleft40millionpeoplelivingwithaviralinfectionthatslowlybutrelentlesslyerodestheimmunesystem.Accountingformorethan3milliondeathsinthepastyearalone,theAIDSvirushasbecomethedeadliestmicrobeintheworld,morelethalthanevenTBandmalaria.Thereare34developingcountrieswheretheprevalenceofthisinfectionis2%orgreater.InAfricanearlyadozencountrieshavearatehigherthan10%,includingfoursouthernAfricannationsinwhichaquarterofthepeopleareinfected.Andthesituationcontinuestoworsen;morethan6millionnewinfectionsappearedin1999.Thisislikecondemning16,000peopleeachdaytoaslowandmiserabledeath.

Fortunately,theAIDSstoryhasnotbeenallgloomanddoom.LessthantwoyearsafterAIDSwasrecognized,theguiltyagent—humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,orHIV—wasidentified.WenowknowmoreaboutHIVthanaboutanyothervirus,and14AIDSdrugshavebeendevelopedandlicensedintheU.S.andWesternEurope.

Theepidemiccontinuestorage,however,inSouthAmerica,EasternEuropeandsub-SaharanAfrica.Bytheyear2025,AIDSwillbebyfarthemajorkillerofyoungAfricans,decreasinglifeexpectancytoaslowas40yearsinsomecountriesandsingle-handedlyerasingthepublichealthgainsofthepast50years.

ItisAsia,withitshugepopulationatrisk,thatwillhavethebiggestimpactontheglobalspreadofAIDS.Themagnitudeofthepandemiccouldrangefrom100millionto1billion,dependinglargelyonwhathappensinIndiaandChina.FourmillionpeoplehavealreadybecomeHIV-positiveinIndia,andinfectionislikelytoreachseveralpercentinapopulationof1billion.HalfamillionChinesearenowinfected;thetrajectoryofChina’sepidemic,however,islesscertain.

AnexplosiveAIDSepidemicintheU.S.isunlikely.Instead,HIVinfectionwillcontinuetofesterinabout0.5%ofthepopulation.Butthecomplexionoftheepidemicwillchange.NewHIVinfectionswilloccurpredominatelyintheunderclass,withrates10timesashighinminoritygroups.Nevertheless,Americanpatientswilllivequalitylivesfordecades,thankstoadvancesinmedicalresearch.Dozensofpowerfulandwell-toleratedAIDSdrugswillbedeveloped,aswillnovelmeanstorestoretheimmunesystem.

AcureforAIDSbytheyear2025isnotinconceivable.Butconstrainedbyeconomicreality,thesetherapeuticadvanceswillhaveonlylimitedbenefitoutsidetheU.S.andWesternEurope.

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthistext?

2.Thephrase“gloomanddoom”(L1,Para.3)probablymeans（）

3.Whichofthefollowingstatisticsiscorrectaccordingtothetext?

4.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat（）

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thecureforAIDSwillprobablymainlydependson（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheSpreadofHIV...AndWillWeEverCureAIDS?

B.TheWorseSituationofAIDS...WillAIDSRuinHumanBeing?

C.TheStatisticsofAIDS...WillAIDSSpreadaroundtheWorld?

D.TheExpansionofHIV...WillAsiaBecometheCoreofAIDS?

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.obscurityandsadness.

B.darknessanddespair.

C.ruinanddeath.

D.disappointmentandend.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.InIndia,thereare4,000,000peoplewhohavebeenfoundHIV-positive,theinfectionratealmostreachingdozenpercentin1millionpeople.

B.InChina,about50,000peopleareinfectedbyHIV,withthechannelofspreadingunknowntotheChinesephysiciansandresearchersintheworld.

C.AIDSepidemichascaused15,000,000deathsinthewholeworldbyJanuary2000andmorethan3,000,000peoplediedofitinthelastyear.

D.IntheUnitedStates,HIVinfectionwillgoontoattackabout5%ofthewholepopulationandleadtoanexplosiveAIDSepidemicinthecountry.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.HIVwasfoundmorethantwoyearsearlierthanAIDSwasidentified.

B.peopleknowalittlemoreaboutHIVthanaboutmostotherviruses.

C.AIDScontinuestoragemorewildlyinAfricathaninAsia.

D.HIVinfectionswillmostlyhappeninthepoorandinminorgroups.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.internationalcooperation.

B.powerfuldrugs.

C.economicsituation.

D.strongwill.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:文章標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)全文的大意，我們看到全文一直圍繞的是艾滋病的危害和藥物的研發(fā)，B選項(xiàng)并沒有提及，C選項(xiàng)艾滋病毒已經(jīng)蔓延到全世界了，D只是最后幾段有提到亞洲，但是沒有說亞洲是中心的意思，因此答案是A。

第2題:詞義辨析題。gloom意為“昏暗”，doom意為“死亡，厄運(yùn)”；A選項(xiàng)的obscurity是“朦朧；陰暗”的意思，D選項(xiàng)是“悲傷失望和終結(jié)”，與題干最符合，答案為D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。問：下列哪個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)是對(duì)的？正確的是C選項(xiàng)，答案在第二段的開頭：AsofJanuary2000,theAIDSepidemichasclaimed15millionlivesandleft40millionpeoplelivingwithaviralinfectionthatslowlybutrelentlesslyerodestheimmunesystem.Accountingformorethan3milliondeathsinthepastyearalone.（截至2000年1月，艾滋病已奪去1500萬人的生命，使4000萬人生活在病毒感染中，這種病毒緩慢而無情地侵蝕著免疫系統(tǒng)。僅去年一年，就有300多萬人死于艾滋病病毒。）這句話就是C選項(xiàng)的轉(zhuǎn)述。

第4題:推斷題。D選項(xiàng)的提示點(diǎn)在倒數(shù)第二段，“NewHIVinfectionswilloccurpredominatelyintheunderclass,withrates10timesashighinminoritygroups.”因此D正確；A、B、C通過原文都能判定出是錯(cuò)誤的。

第5題:本題的答案在最后一段。“AcureforAIDSbytheyear2025isnotinconceivable.Butconstrainedbyeconomicreality,thesetherapeuticadvanceswillhaveonlylimitedbenefitoutsidetheU.S.andWesternEurope.（到2025年治愈艾滋病是不可想象的。但受經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的限制，這些治療方面的進(jìn)步在美國和西歐以外的國家的效果有限。）”因此可以看出，治療艾滋病毒最重要的是經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力，有經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力才能去開發(fā)藥物治療病毒，因此答案為C。

9.單選題

Modempersuasionadvertisingblossomedasafunctionofmarketsthatwerelesscompetitivebyeconomists'standards,andaregenerallyreferredtoasoligopolies.Thesearemarketswhereahandfuloffirmsdominateoutputorsalesintheindustry,andwheretheyhavesufficientmarketpowerthattheycansetthepriceatwhichtheirproductsells.Thekeytoanoligopolyisthatitisverydifficultfornewcomerstoenterthemarket,nomatterhowprofitableitmaybe,becauseofthepoweroftheexistingplayers.Underoligopolythereisstrongdisincentivetoengageinpricewarfaretoexpandone'smarketshare,becauseallthemainplayersarelargeenoughtosurviveapricewarandallitwoulddoisshrinkthesizeoftheindustryrevenuepiethatthefirmsarefightingover.Indeed,thepriceinanoligopolisticindustrywilltendtogravitatetowardwhatitwouldbeinapuremonopolysothecontendersarefightingforslicesofthelargestpossiblerevenuepie.

Atfirstblush,thisisaprettyaccuratepictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.Theeconomyhasbecomefarmoremonopolisticoverthepastthirtyyears.Itisalsoagoodway,thoughbynomeanstheonlyway,tounderstandtheemergenceanddominanceofadvertising.Althoughfirmsarenotinwhateconomiststermcompetitivemarkets,theyaremostdefinitelyengagedinmonopolisticcompetitionwitheachothertomaximizetheirprofits.Advertisingemergesfrontandcenterasamajorwaytoincreasemarketsharewithoutengagingindestructiveprofit-damagingpricecompetition.

Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections,meaningthereareusuallyonlytwooptionsthatcouldconceivablywin,and,asinanoligopoly,theseduopolistshaveusedtheir"marketpower"—inthiscasecontroloverelectionlawstomakeitallbutimpossibleforathirdpartytosuccessfullyestablishitselfasalegitimatecontender.Evenprimaryelectionsarealmostalwaysamatterofnomorethantwoorthreeviableentrantsexceptinaverysmallnumberofraces.Ineconomictheorythisleadstoaninterestingconclusion:asJ.Schorhasputit,thesmartplayforafirminaduopolyistoactliketheotherfirm,nottodifferentiateitself.

Macphersonwasamongthefirsttounderstandmodemelectoralpolitics-thetwo-partysystem-intermsofoligopolisticandduopolisticmarketpractices.“Wheretherearesofewsellers,"Macphersonwroteconcerningpoliticalparties,"theyneednotanddonotrespondtobuyers'demandsastheymustdoinafullycompetitivesystem."Thismeansthattheparties,likeoligopolisticfirms,can"createthedemandforpoliticalgoods"andlargelydictatethe"demandscheduleforpoliticalgoods."InMacpherson'sargument,aduopolisticpartysysteminamodemcapitalistsocietyliketheUnitedStateswilltendtogravitatetoprovidinga"competitionbetweenelites,"whicharethedrivingforceand”formulatetheissues."Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.InMacpherson'sview,thetwo-partysystemwasidealfortheproductionofcitizenapathyandde-politicizationandforthemaintenanceofeliterule;i.e.whatwouldbecalleda“weakdemocracy”.

1.Withwhatthemeisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingparagraph1and2isto（）.

3.Whatdoesthephrase“frontandcenter”inparagraph2mean?

4.Thehighlightedsentence“Thebasics...ordiscussion”inthelastparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat（）.

5.Whatistheauthorlikelytotalkaboutintheparagraphfollowingthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.PoliticalAdvertising.

B.OligopolyMarket.

C.WeakDemocracy.

D.ModemElectoralPolitics.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.statewhypoliticaladvertisingappearedinthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturiesinAmerica.

B.emphasizethatitisarealpictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.

C.statethatthesituationinAmericanelectionrealmisthesameastheoneinitseconomicrealm.

D.explainthattheoligopolymarketeconomyhasaspecialfunctionintheU.S.economicrealm.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Infront.

B.Attheforefront.

C.Inthecenter.

D.Inthemiddle.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinsecret.

B.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinpublic.

C.Thetwopartieswouldnotaskthepublictodiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomy.

D.Thetwopartieshavethesameideaaboutthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomysotheywouldnotdiscussthemanymore.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.HeislikelytoanalyzetheissuesformulatedbyaduopolisticpartysystemintheUnitedStates.

B.HeislikelytoexplainAmericancitizenapathyanddepoliticizationindetail.

C.Heislikelytogivesomesupportingevidenceofa"weakdemocracy".

D.Heislikelytoprovidesomeexamplesofa"competitionbetweenelites"

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題?？v觀全文，文章前半部分主要提到了與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的規(guī)律，壟斷經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了重大影響。文章后半部分將壟斷經(jīng)濟(jì)層面延伸至政治層面，提出在政治選舉中也出現(xiàn)了相似的壟斷統(tǒng)治規(guī)律，這樣的民主實(shí)際上不是真正的民主。所以，本文主要圍繞現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的選舉政治這個(gè)話題展開的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推斷題。文章一二段主要提到了在經(jīng)濟(jì)層面出現(xiàn)的一種壟斷經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致供不應(yīng)求。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections”，可知選舉領(lǐng)域和經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域類似，在選舉中往往是雙頭壟斷。可推斷出一二段提到的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象主要是為了引出政治層面存在的政治壟斷現(xiàn)象。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。Infront“在前面”；Attheforefront“最前沿”；Inthecenter“在中央，表具體位置”；Inthemiddle“在中間，表具體位置”。句意：廣告作為一種增加市場份額的主要方式出現(xiàn)在市場的前端，不從事破壞性的、損益性的價(jià)格競爭。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.”，可知政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)是兩黨一致同意的，不公開辯論或討論。這里是說兩黨在政治方面壟斷，因此并不是說他們對(duì)于政治經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)有一致觀點(diǎn)，而是完全由他們議定，不讓公眾或其他黨派插手。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“whatwouldbecalleda‘weakdemocracy’”，可知在文章末尾出現(xiàn)了Macpherson關(guān)于weakdemocracy的觀點(diǎn)，可推斷出，在接下來的文段中，可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步對(duì)weakdemocracy進(jìn)行討論。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduced

B.denounced

C.detached

D.decomposed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論；推斷”;denounce“譴責(zé)；告發(fā)”；detach“分離，派遣”；decompose“分解，腐爛”。根據(jù)badanddampweather“惡劣潮濕天氣”可知plant（植物）容易腐爛，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Althoughtheinsistenceonbalancingspendingagainsttaxrevenueshascontributedtotheeconomy’sstagnation,unfortunately,thegovernmentdoesnotseemlikelyto_______thisrigidpolicy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persistin

B.initiate

C.repudiate

D.continue

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persistin“堅(jiān)持，固執(zhí)于”；B選項(xiàng)initiate“創(chuàng)始；發(fā)起”；C選項(xiàng)repudiate“拒絕；（正式）否認(rèn)；斷絕關(guān)系”；D選項(xiàng)continue“繼續(xù)；連續(xù)”。句意：盡管堅(jiān)持收支平衡導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯，不幸的是，政府似乎不太可能_______這個(gè)僵化的政策。根據(jù)語境，這里指堅(jiān)持收支平衡這個(gè)僵化的政策讓經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯，但政府大有可能繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持這個(gè)政策，所以repudiate“（正式）否認(rèn)”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.

Theauthorsofthe34-sectionacthavemadeaseriousefforttopreventmisuseofthedataandtoprotectgenedonors’rightsandprivacy.Participationintheprojectisstrictlyvoluntary,onthebasisofinformedconsent.Itwillbeillegaltoaskanyoneifheorsheisparticipatinginthefreeprogram.Peoplewon’tbepaidforprovidingatissuesample,medical,andfamilyhistorytotheEstonianGeneBank.Thatinformationisimmediatelygiven“auniquecodeconsistingofatleast16randomcharacters”.GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”

Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.

Donorsareentitledtotheirowngeneticdata,atnocharge,asaretheirdesignatedphysicians.Nooneelsehaslawfulaccesstothisinformation.Indeed,itisunlawfultoask—andtheactcontainsspecificparagraphsthatforbidemployersandinsurancecompaniestogathersuchinformation,ortotreat“peoplewithdifferentgeneticrisks”differentlyasemployeesorinsuranceclients.Geneticinformationmaybereleasedtoresearchers“onlyincodedform,asasetofdataandontheconditionthattissuesamplesordataconcerningatleastfivegenedonors