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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)隴橋?qū)W院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Despitewars,famines,andepidemics,Earth’spopulationisboomingaheadtonewrecordswithnoendinsight.
Everyday,theworldaddsenoughpeopletopopulateamedium-sizedcityintheUS.Inonemonth,thenumberofnewworldcitizensequalsthepopulationofNewYorkCity.Everyyear,thereare90millionmoremouthstofeed,morethanthetotalpopulationofGermany.
Severalfactorsarepropellingthisrapidgrowth,includinganelementthatofoftenoverlooked;thehugenumberofteenagerswhoarebecomingmothers,particularlyinthecountriesofsub-SaharanAfrica.
InfourAfricannationsNiger,Mali,SierraLeone,andIvoryCoast1outofevery5adolescentfemalesofchildbearingagehasababyannually.
TheUSBureauoftheCensussaysthishighrateofmotherhoodamongteenshashelpedtomaintainthehighpaceofbirthsacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent.Bystartingafamilyearly,atypicalwomaninSomalia,forinstance,hassevenchildrenduringherlifetime.EquallylargefamiliesaretheruleinZambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,andEthiopia.
Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren.
WhilepopulationexpertsoftenfocusonAfrica’sproblems,analystsnotethatteenagedmothersarealsofarmoreprevalentintheUnitedStatesthaninFrance,Germany,Italy,Sweden,orBritain.
Thisissue“babieshavingbabies”hasrecentlygainedprominenceintheUS.TeenagedmotherhoodintheUShasfueledanexpansionoftheState-federalwelfaresystemandbroughtcriesforwelfarereformfromlawmakers.
Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan.
Overall,thefertilityrateamongAmericansremainsrelativelylowat2.1birthsperwoman-aboutthereplacementlevel.AlthoughtheUSpopulationisexpectedtoclimbsteadily,from260milliontodayto323millionby2020,mostofthatgrowthwillcomefromimmigration.
TheCensusBureauestimatesthatinHaiti,wherethousandsofcitizensaretryingtofleetotheUSbecauseofmilitaryoppressionandpoverty,AIDSwillcuttheannualgrowthrateduringthenext25yearsfrom2.1percentto1.3percent.
ThedeclineingrowthisevensharperintheCentralAfricanRepublic,whererateswilldipfrom2.4percentto0.7percent.InThailand,whichalreadyhadlowbirthrates,ADISwilldrivepopulationdownwardto0.8percentayear.
Inthe16countriesthatarehithardest,AIDSwilllowerpopulationsby121millionoverexpectedprojectionsby2020.InAfrica,theimpactofAIDSissogreatthattrendstowardlongerlifespansduringthepast40yearsbeingreversed.Somenationswillsufferdeclinesinaveragelifespansof0to30yearscomparedwithexpectedlifespanswithoutAIDS.
IntheUS,whereAIDSisalsoasubstantialproblemtheimpactwillbelowerbecausethediseaseismostlylimitedtohomosexualsanddruguser,saysPeterWay,aCensusBureauresearch.InmanyAfricannations,AIDSisprevalentamongtheheterosexualpopulations,withsharplyboostsinfantmortality.
Acompellingchapterintheresearchdealswithaging.Todaythemedianageindevelopedcountriesis35,andthatindevelopingnationsisonly23.By2020,thecorrespondingfigureswillbe42and28.
Todaytherearefeweradultsover60(525million)thanchildrenunder5(636million).Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million.
1.Sub-SaharanAfricancountries(
).
2.Thepassagestatesteenagedbirthsare
(
).
3.ThepopulationgrowthrateintheUSis
(
).
4.Fromthefactualdatainthepassage,weknowthatbytheyear2020
(
).
5.Thepassageimpliesthatbytheyear2020(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.willhavethelargestworldpopulationby2020
B.havethehighestreproductiverateintheworld
C.areonlymodestlyaffectedbyAIDS
D.willhaveincreasinglylonglifespan
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.rareindevelopedcountries
B.mostprevalentinIndonesia
C.commoninRwanda
D.solelyresponsibleforpopulationincrease
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.higherthanthatinIndia
B.lowerthanthatinMexico
C.higherthanthatinIndonesia
D.lowerthanthatinSouthAmerica
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.thepopulationgrowthratesinThailandwillhaveincreased
B.therewillbedisproportionatenumberofolderpeople
C.USpopulationgrowthratewillstabilize
D.theaverageageofEuropeanswillbe35
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.birthrateswillbecurbedindevelopingcountries
B.therewillnolongerbeapopulationproblem
C.therewillbetoomanyyoungchildren
D.thedistributionoftheworld’spopulationwillhavealtered
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“撒哈拉以南非洲國家……”。文章第六段提到“人口出生率記錄的現(xiàn)在保持者是飽受戰(zhàn)亂的盧旺達(dá),那里一位母親至少有八個(gè)或九個(gè)小孩”(Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren),由此可知選項(xiàng)B“有世界上最強(qiáng)的繁殖能力”符合題意,
2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章稱青少年當(dāng)母親……”。提到“人口出生率記錄的現(xiàn)在保持者是飽受戰(zhàn)亂的盧旺達(dá),那里一位母親至少有八個(gè)或九個(gè)小孩”(Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren),由此可知在盧旺達(dá)生孩子的年齡偏小是中普遍現(xiàn)象,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“美國人口增長率……”。文章第九段提到“由于美國高的青少年為人母比率高,它的出生率現(xiàn)在跟上了印度尼西亞和非洲的部分地區(qū),比墨西哥,印度以及巴基斯坦稍微高些”(Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan),由此可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文中的實(shí)際數(shù)字,我們知道到2020年的時(shí)候……”。文章最后一段最后一句話提到“隨著世界人口老齡化,到2020年,60歲以上的人口將超過10億,而5歲以下的人口總數(shù)將達(dá)到7.71億”(Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million),選項(xiàng)B“將出現(xiàn)比例失調(diào)的老年人數(shù)量”符合題意。
5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章暗示到2020年……”。文章提到了不同國家的人口出生率,以及最后提到世界人口老齡化程度加劇,都說明世界人口分布將發(fā)生變化,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
2.單選題
Asthecoreofthemanagementboard,hecanalwayscomeupwith____ideastopromotethecorporation’smarketingstrategies.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.integral
B.instinctive
C.intangible
D.ingenious
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.integral不可或缺的B.instinctive本能的
C.intangible難以理解的D.ingenious巧妙的
【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接
【解題思路】空格處所填詞修飾的是“主意(ideas)”,前文提到他是“管理委員會(huì)的核心”,后文提到這些主意“推動(dòng)公司的營銷戰(zhàn)略”。由此推測(cè),該詞首先要能形容“主意”,并且這種主意有利于推動(dòng)公司的營銷,因此,D選項(xiàng)ingenious“巧妙的”符合原文語義銜接。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)integral“不可或缺的”,可支持的語義不夠,能夠推動(dòng)企業(yè)的營銷并不能說明是“不可或缺”;
B選項(xiàng)instinctive“本能的”,不符合原文語義銜接;
C選項(xiàng)intangible“難以理解的”,不符合原文語義銜接。
【句意】作為管理委員會(huì)的核心,他總能想出巧妙的點(diǎn)子來推動(dòng)公司的營銷戰(zhàn)略。
3.單選題
Present-dayphilosophersusuallyenvisiontheirdisciplineasanendeavorthathasbeen,sinceantiquity,distinctfromandsuperiortoanyparticularintellectualdiscipline,suchastheologyorscience.Suchphilosophicalconcernsasthemind-bodyproblemor,moregenerally,thenatureofhumanknowledgetheybelieve,arebasichumanquestionswhosetentativephilosophicalsolutionshaveservedasthenecessaryfoundationsonwhichallotherintellectualspeculationhasrested.
Thebasisforthisview,however,liesinaseriousmisinterpretationofthepast,aprojectionofmodernconcernsontopastevents.Theideaofanautonomousdisciplinecalled“philosophy,”distinctfromandsittinginjudgmentonsuchpursuitsastheologyandscienceturnsout,oncloseexamination,tobeofquiterecentorigin.When,intheseventeenthcentury,DescartesandHobbesrejectedmedievalphilosophy,theydidnotthinkofthemselves,asmodernphilosophersdo,asproposinganewandbetterphilosophy,butratherasfurthering“thewarfarebetweenscienceandtheology.”Theywerefighting,albeitdiscreetly,toopentheintellectualworldtothenewscienceandtoliberateintellectuallifefromecclesiasticalphilosophyandenvisionedtheirworkascontributingtothegrowth,notofphilosophy,butofresearchinmathematicsandphysics.Thislinkbetweenphilosophicalinterestsandscientificpracticepersisteduntilthenineteenthcentury,whendeclineinecclesiasticalpoweroverscholarshipandchangesinthenatureofscienceprovokedthefinalseparationofphilosophyfromboth.
Thedemarcationofphilosophyfromsciencewasfacilitatedbythedevelopmentintheearlynineteenthcenturyofanewnotion,thatphilosophy’scoreinterestshouldbeepistemology,thegeneralexplanationofwhatitmeanstoknowsomething.ModernphilosophersnowtracethatnotionbackatleasttoDescartesandSpinoza,butitwasnotexplicitlyarticulateduntilthelateeighteenthcentury,byKant,anddidnotbecomebuiltintothestructureofacademicinstitutionsandthestandardself-descriptionsofphilosophyprofessorsuntilthelatenineteenthcentury.Withouttheideaofepistemology,thesurvivalofphilosophyinanageofmodernscienceishardtoimagine.Metaphysics,philosophy’straditionalcore-consideredasthemostgeneraldescriptionofhowtheheavensandtheearthareputtogether-hadbeenrenderedalmostcompletelymeaninglessbythespectacularprogressofphysics.Kant,however,byfocusingphilosophyontheproblemofknowledge,managedtoreplacemetaphysicswithepistemology,andthustotransformthenotionofphilosophyas“queenofsciences”intothenewnotionofphilosophyasaseparate,foundationaldiscipline.Philosophybecame“primary”nolongerinthesenseof“highest”butinthesenseof“underlying”.AfterKant,philosopherswereabletoreinterpretseventeenth-andeighteenth-centurythinkersasattemptingtodiscover“Howisourknowledgepossible?”andtoprojectthisquestionbackevenontheancients.
31.Accordingtotheauthor,philosophybecamedistinctfromscienceandtheologyduringthe________.
32.TheauthorsuggeststhatDescartes’supportforthenewscienceoftheseventeenthcenturycanbecharacterizedas________.
33.Theauthorofthepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingindiscussingthedevelopmentofphilosophyduringthenineteenthcentury?
34.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthewritingofhistorywouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?
35.Theprimaryfunctionofthepassageasawholeisto________.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ancienttime
B.medievalperiod
C.seventeenthcentury
D.nineteenthcentury
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.pragmaticandhypocritical
B.cautiousandinconsistent
C.daringandopportunistic
D.strongbutprudent
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Nineteenthcenturyphilosophytookscienceasitsmodelforunderstandingthebasesofknowledge.
B.Theroleofacademicinstitutionsinshapingmetaphysicalphilosophygrewenormouslyduringthenineteenthcentury.
C.NineteenthcenturyphilosopherscarriedoutaprogramofinvestigationexplicitlylaidoutbyDescartesandSpinoza.
D.Kanthadanoverwhelmingimpactonthedirectionofnineteenthcenturyphilosophy.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Historyshouldnotemphasizetheroleplayedbyideasovertheroleplayedbyindividuals.
B.Historyshouldnotbedistortedbyattributingpresentdayconsciousnesstohistoricalfigures.
C.Historyshouldnotbefocusedprimarilyonthosepasteventsmostrelevanttothepresent.
D.Historyshouldbeconcernedwithdescribingthoseaspectsofthepastthatdiffermostfromthoseofthepresent.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.comparetwocompetingmodels
B.analyzeadifficulttheory
C.presentnewevidenceforatheory
D.correctanerroneousbeliefbydescribingitsorigins
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】31.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Thislinkbetweenphilosophicalinterestsandscientificpracticepersisteduntilthenineteenthcentury,whendeclineinecclesiasticalpoweroverscholarshipandchangesinthenatureofscienceprovokedthefinalseparationofphilosophyfromboth.(這種哲學(xué)興趣和科學(xué)實(shí)踐之間的聯(lián)系一直持續(xù)到19世紀(jì),這時(shí),教會(huì)壓制學(xué)術(shù)界的力量的衰退和科學(xué)性質(zhì)的變化導(dǎo)致了哲學(xué)與這兩者的最終分離。),可知哲學(xué)與科學(xué)和神學(xué)分離是在19世紀(jì),D選項(xiàng)“19世紀(jì)”正確,A選項(xiàng)“古代”,B選項(xiàng)“中世紀(jì)時(shí)期”和C選項(xiàng)“17世紀(jì)”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Theywerefighting,albeitdiscreetly,toopentheintellectualworldtothenewscienceandtoliberateintellectuallifefromecclesiasticalphilosophy(他們戰(zhàn)斗,盡管是謹(jǐn)慎的,是為了向新科學(xué)打開思想世界的大門,把思想生活從教會(huì)哲學(xué)中解放出來。),可知笛卡爾抱著謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度激烈推進(jìn)新科學(xué),堅(jiān)定并滿懷熱忱,D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)有力而謹(jǐn)慎”正確,A選項(xiàng)“務(wù)實(shí)并虛偽”和B選項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎并矛盾”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“大膽并恰到時(shí)機(jī)”:文章沒有提到在此時(shí)是什么時(shí)機(jī),大環(huán)境如何有利于笛卡爾推進(jìn)新科學(xué),故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句ModernphilosophersnowtracethatnotionbackatleasttoDescartesandSpinoza,butitwasnotexplicitlyarticulateduntilthelateeighteenthcentury,byKant,anddidnotbecomebuiltintothestructureofacademicinstitutionsandthestandardself-descriptionsofphilosophyprofessorsuntilthelatenineteenthcentury.(現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)家現(xiàn)在至少可以回溯到笛卡爾和斯賓諾莎,但直到18世紀(jì)末,康德才明確提出了這個(gè)概念(認(rèn)識(shí)論),直到19世紀(jì)末,它才成為學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)和哲學(xué)教授的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自我描述。),康德提出的概念在19世紀(jì)末成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可見影響力巨大,D選項(xiàng)“康德對(duì)十九世紀(jì)哲學(xué)的發(fā)展方向產(chǎn)生了壓倒性的影響”正確;B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)在塑造形而上學(xué)哲學(xué)方面的作用在19世紀(jì)急劇增長”中沒有提到形而上學(xué);C選項(xiàng)“19世紀(jì)的哲學(xué)家們執(zhí)行了由笛卡爾和斯賓諾莎明確列出的調(diào)查程序”中,笛卡爾和斯賓諾莎最先提出,但主要是使用康德的概念。A選項(xiàng)“19世紀(jì)的哲學(xué)以科學(xué)作為理解知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)的模式”:根據(jù)第三段第一句Thedemarcationofphilosophyfromsciencewasfacilitatedbythedevelopmentintheearlynineteenthcenturyofanewnotion,thatphilosophy’scoreinterestshouldbeepistemology,thegeneralexplanationofwhatitmeanstoknowsomething.(19世紀(jì)早期,一種新觀念的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了哲學(xué)與科學(xué)的區(qū)分,即哲學(xué)的核心興趣應(yīng)該是認(rèn)識(shí)論,即對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)事物的一般解釋。),可知在這時(shí)哲學(xué)與科學(xué)分開,哲學(xué)的核心是認(rèn)識(shí)論,不符合文章意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
34.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Thebasisforthisview,however,liesinaseriousmisinterpretationofthepast,aprojectionofmodernconcernsontopastevents.(然而,這種觀點(diǎn)基于對(duì)過去的嚴(yán)重誤解,是將現(xiàn)代的關(guān)注投射到過去的事件上。),可知作者認(rèn)為過去與現(xiàn)在不同,解讀方式就不同,不能用當(dāng)下的態(tài)度解讀歷史,所以B選項(xiàng)“不能把今天的意識(shí)歸結(jié)于歷史人物,從而歪曲歷史”正確。A選項(xiàng)“歷史不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)思想的作用而忽視個(gè)人的作用”,C選項(xiàng)“歷史不應(yīng)該主要集中在那些與現(xiàn)在最相關(guān)的過去事件上”和D選項(xiàng)“歷史應(yīng)該關(guān)注描述過去與現(xiàn)在最不同的那些方面”文章沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
35.主旨大意題。文章在開頭提出現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn),然后提出這是錯(cuò)誤的,再通過回溯這些觀點(diǎn)的起源糾正錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn),文章最后一句提到還可以繼續(xù)回溯,所以D選項(xiàng)“通過描述其起源來糾正錯(cuò)誤的信仰”正確。A選項(xiàng)“比較兩個(gè)相互競(jìng)爭的模型”,B選項(xiàng)“分析一個(gè)難以理解的理論”和C選項(xiàng)“為一個(gè)理論提供新證據(jù)”是文章內(nèi)容的一部分,不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Iwouldratherhavehis()thanhiscompany.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.room
B.house
C.coat
D.assets
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)room“房間;空間;余地;機(jī)會(huì);房間里所有的人”;B選項(xiàng)house“住宅;家庭;機(jī)構(gòu);議會(huì);某種用途的建筑物”;C選項(xiàng)coat“外套;上衣;大衣;女大衣”;D選項(xiàng)assets“資產(chǎn);寶貴的人才;有益的品質(zhì);財(cái)產(chǎn);有利條件;有價(jià)值的人或物”。ratherhaveone’sroomthanhiscompany“不愿與某人結(jié)伴為伍”,與preferone’sroomtohiscompany同義。句意:我不愿與他結(jié)伴為伍。
5.單選題
Thepoliceaccusedhimofsettingfiretothebuildingbuthedenied()intheareaonthenightofthefire.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tobe
B.tohavebeen
C.havingbeen
D.be
【答案】C
【解析】固定搭配。Denydoingsth.“否認(rèn)做過某事”。句意:警察指控他在大廈縱火,但是他否認(rèn)他在場(chǎng)當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
6.單選題
Icouldn’tfind(),andsoItookthisone.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.alargeenoughcoat
B.anenoughlargecoat
C.alargecoatenough
D.acoatenoughlarge
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞用法。句意:enough修飾名詞時(shí)放名詞前,如:Idon’thaveenoughmoney.修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)放形容詞或副詞后,如:Youarenotcapableenoughtogetthisposition.所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。句意:我找不到足夠大的大衣,所以我拿了這一件。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。
7.翻譯題
1924年,第一屆冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕,比賽內(nèi)容涵蓋了多項(xiàng)適合冬季的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。最初的奧運(yùn)會(huì)所指的是我們所說的夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)。1968年,專門為殘疾人舉辦的第一屆特奧會(huì)在美國開幕。特奧會(huì)與奧運(yùn)會(huì)的概念相似,不同的是,在1993年以前,它一直都是在美國舉辦的。
【答案】ThefirstWinterOlympicGamesisheldin1924,thecontentofwhichincludesvariouskindsofwintersports.TheinitialO1ympicGamesrefertoSummerOlympicGames.In1968,thefirstOlympicsGamesforthedisabled,namedSpecialOlympicsGameswasheldinAmerica,whichhasasimilarconceptwithOlympicGames.However,whatmakestheSpecialOlympicsGamesdifferentisthatithadbeenheldinAmericabefore1993.
8.單選題
Getupearlyandruneveryday.Youwill______alotfromit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.receive
B.make
C.benefit
D.win
【答案】C
【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)receive“收到”;B選項(xiàng)make“制造,做,組裝”;C選項(xiàng)benefit“對(duì)(某人)有用,使受益”;D選項(xiàng)win“(在比賽、賽跑、戰(zhàn)斗等中)獲勝,贏”。句意:每天早起跑步。你會(huì)從中______良多。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是早起跑步會(huì)帶來很多好處,C選項(xiàng)benefit“使受益”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
In(
)oftheoldergirls,eventheten-year-oldshavestartedwearinglipstickandmake-up.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.adoption
B.admiration
C.application
D.imitation
【答案】D
【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)adoption“采用、收養(yǎng)”;B選項(xiàng)admiration“欽佩、贊賞”;C選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用、申請(qǐng)”;D選項(xiàng)imitation“模仿、仿造”。inimitationof固定短語的意思是“模仿”,句意為:即使10歲大的女孩子也開始模仿年齡大點(diǎn)的女孩涂唇膏和化妝。故正確答案選D。
10.單選題
Itwas()thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.addicted
B.alleged
C.assaulted
D.ascribed
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)addict“使沉迷,使上癮”,B項(xiàng)allege“宣稱,斷言”,C項(xiàng)assault“攻擊,襲擊”,D項(xiàng)ascribe“歸因于,歸咎于”。根據(jù)后面的句子therestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers(這家餐館歧視黑人顧客),結(jié)合前面的itbe…that句型,空格部分應(yīng)該表示“據(jù)說,據(jù)宣稱”。句意:據(jù)說那家餐館歧視黑人顧客。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Somepeoplewanttomakeasmuchmoneyastheycanbecausetheybelievethatmoneycanbringthemfameand().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.directory
B.morality
C.prestige
D.monopoly
【答案】C
【解析】名詞辨析題。directory"名錄,目錄";morality"道德;品行";prestige"威望;聲譽(yù)";monopoly"壟斷權(quán)。句意:有些人想盡可能多的賺錢,因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈佩X可以給他們帶來名聲和威望。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
12.單選題
6.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Itwillrainsoon.
B.It’srighttobeproposed.
C.Sheisworriedabouttheweather.
D.Tobesafe,they'dbetterstayathome.
【答案】B
【解析】M:Idon’tthinkyouneedtotakeanumbrella.
W:Itmightrain,bettersafethansorry.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
【解析】常用習(xí)語。女士說:bettersafethansorry,這是一句諺語,意思是“謹(jǐn)言慎行不吃虧,輕率莽撞必后悔”。
13.單選題
Inasocietywhereallaspectsofourlivesaredictatedbyscientificadvancesintechnology,scienceistheessenceofourexistence.Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishing,wealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferprovidedbyscience,yetourliveswouldbealteredinterminablywithoutthem.
Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances.Withoutthevaccinescreatedbydoctors,diseasesuchaspoliomeasles,hepatitis,andthefluwouldposeathreattoourcitizens,foralthoughsomeofthesediseasemaynotbedeadly,theirsideeffectscanbeavastdetrimenttoanindividualaffectedwiththedisease.
Inaddition,sciencehasdevelopedperhapsthemostawe-inspiring,vitalinventioninthehistoryoftheworld,thecomputer.Withoutthepresenceofthismachine,ourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencebroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled.
Despitethegreatnessofpresent-dayinnovatorsandscientistsandtheirrevelations,itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety;however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem.
Becauseofthecontributionofscientist,ourworldisevermetamorphosing,andthismetamorphosiseconomicallyandpersonallycompriseoursociety,whetheroursocietyiscognizantofthisornot.
1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorimpliesthatwe().
2.Theauthoruseshealthcareandvaccinestoillustrate().
3.Nothing,accordingtotheauthor,canmatchtheinventionofthecomputerintermof().
4.Theauthorseemstobeunhappyabout().
5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassageis().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wouldnotsurvivewithoutscience
B.taketheamenitiesofscienceforgranted
C.couldhaveraisedthestandardsoflivingwithscience
D.wouldbefreeofdiseasebecauseofscientificadvances
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.howsciencehasbeendeveloped
B.whatsciencemeanstosociety
C.whatthenatureofscienceis
D.howdiseaseaffectssociety
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.power
B.novelty
C.benefits
D.complexity
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.people'signoranceoftheirculture
B.people'signoringtheamenitiesofscience
C.people'smakingnocontributionstosociety
D.people’smisunderstandingofscientificadvances
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.critical
B.cognizant
C.appreciative
D.paradoxical
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:1.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一段指出:Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline…(沒有化學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家、地質(zhì)學(xué)家和其他勤奮的科學(xué)家所取得的巨大進(jìn)步,我們的生活水平就會(huì)下降),由此推斷C項(xiàng)“有了科學(xué),我們的生活水平才得以提高”正確。
2.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】判斷推理題。第二段開頭指出:Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances(醫(yī)療保健是社會(huì)的一個(gè)方面,它將我們與古老的祖先區(qū)分開來,它完全建立在科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和進(jìn)步的基礎(chǔ)上),后面又以疫苗為例,其實(shí)是為了論證本文主題:科學(xué)對(duì)社會(huì)的重要性。故選B項(xiàng)。
3.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:此外,科學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)明出也許是世界歷史上最令人敬畏、最重要的發(fā)明——計(jì)算機(jī)。沒有這臺(tái)機(jī)器,世界的確可以存著,但是計(jì)算機(jī)給生活帶來的便利是無與倫比的。因此C項(xiàng)“益處,用處”正確。
4.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段開頭指出:盡管如今的創(chuàng)新者和科學(xué)家奉獻(xiàn)了他們的偉大成就和成果,但我們有必要審查(重視)科學(xué)帶來的便利,這在我們的文化中往往是被公然漠視的。后面作者又舉例說明是科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了燈泡、電、電話等必需品。因此,B項(xiàng)“人們忽視了科學(xué)帶來的便利”正確。
5.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者通篇都在強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)對(duì)我們的意義和重要性,通過“scienceistheessenceofourexistence”以及“Becauseofthecontributionofscientist,ourworldisevermetamorphosing”等字眼可以看出,作者的語氣是感激的,欣賞的。故選C。
第2題:
第3題:
第4題:
第5題:
14.單選題
Thepilotmadealast(frantic)distresscallbeforehebailedout.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.urgent
B.desperate
C.routine
D.futile
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)urgent“緊急的”;B選項(xiàng)desperate“絕望的”;C選項(xiàng)routine“常規(guī)的”;D選項(xiàng)futile“無效的”。句意:飛行員在跳傘前發(fā)出了最后一個(gè)絕望的求救信號(hào)。劃線部分frantic是絕望的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
15.單選題
DuringtheWorldWarIImanyfamousscientistssoughtandreceivedpolitical()intheUnitedStates.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.influence
B.persecution
C.shelter
D.oppression
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)influence“影響;勢(shì)力”;B選項(xiàng)persecution“迫害;煩擾”;C選項(xiàng)shelter“庇護(hù);避難所”;D選項(xiàng)oppression“壓抑;鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,許多著名的科學(xué)家在美國尋求并得到了政治……。戰(zhàn)爭期間,科學(xué)家們尋求的必然是“政治庇護(hù)”,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Researchshowsthatmanyvoterswhohaven’tyetmadeuptheirmindsare______towardstheDemocrats.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tilting
B.skidding
C.transferring
D.sliding
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tilt“傾斜,翹起,俯仰(攝影機(jī))”,B項(xiàng)skid“剎住,使減速,滾滑”,C項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)接,移交”,D項(xiàng)slide“滑動(dòng),平穩(wěn)地走,悄悄移動(dòng)”。根據(jù)句子意思“研究表明,許多尚未做出決定的選民都……向民主黨”可知,tilt符合語境,tilttowards表示“偏向,向……傾斜”。句意:研究表明,許多尚未下定決心的選民正傾向于民主黨。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
17.單選題
Attheageof40,hehadalready()agreatfortunethroughsuccessfulfinancial
dealings.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.pierced
B.assessed
C.amassed
D.agitated
【答案】C
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:在40歲的時(shí)候,他已經(jīng)通過成功的金融交易積累了大量財(cái)富。因此選C。
18.單選題
Thegovernmentistryingtohelptheseenterprisesoutofthe()byvariousmeans.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.flight
B.plight
C.delight
D.twilight
【答案】B
【解析】近義詞辨析。flight航班,航機(jī);plight境況,困境;delight高興,快樂;twilight黃昏,黎明。plight放在此處比較適合,outoftheplight意為“走出困境”。
19.單選題
Lifedependsonthebalancebetweentheheatreceivedfromthesunandtheheatlosttocoolersurroundings.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.equilibrium
B.contrast
C.exchange
D.relationship
【答案】A
【解析】equilibrium均衡,平靜;contrast對(duì)比,差別;exchange交換,兌換;relationship關(guān)系,關(guān)聯(lián)。balance意為平衡,選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。
20.寫作題
WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthetopic“WillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment”?
Youaretowriteinthreeparts.
Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.
Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.
Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.
【答案】略
21.單選題
Merdineisherownwoman,withanidentity___fromhermother’s.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.discrete
B.distinctive
C.distinct
D.discreet
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discrete“離散的,不連續(xù)的”;B選項(xiàng)distinctive“獨(dú)特的,有特色的;與眾不同的(常用來說某個(gè)人或物具有獨(dú)有的、區(qū)別于其他的特質(zhì))”;C選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的;獨(dú)特的;清楚的;有區(qū)別的(用于描述兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不同事物或事物群體)”;D選項(xiàng)discreet“謹(jǐn)慎的;小心的”。句意:瑪丁是她自己的女人,有著與她母親___的身份。本句表達(dá)“瑪丁和她母親兩者的身份截然不同”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
22.單選題
Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto()theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ridicule
B.retirefrom
C.examine
D.conquer
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ridicule“嘲笑,奚落”;B選項(xiàng)retirefrom“退休;退出;從……退休”;C選項(xiàng)examine“檢查;調(diào)查;檢測(cè);考試”;D選項(xiàng)conquer“戰(zhàn)勝,征服;攻克,攻取”。句意:在公眾的目光下成長的困難往往導(dǎo)致神童在成年之前就從成就的世界中退休;令人高興的是,他們有時(shí)會(huì)在競(jìng)爭中獲勝。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
23.問答題
Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addaword,ordeleteaword.MarkoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovidedontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouchangeawordunderlineitand-writethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingBlank.Ifyouoddaword,putaninsertionmark,(/)intherightplaceantiwritethemissingwordinblank.Ifyouaddaword,underlineitandputaslash(/)intheblank.
【答案】1.other→another
2.shopping→shop
3.or→and
4.at→on
5.to→/
6.are→were
7.makes→making
8.without→away
9.mean→means
10.discourage→encourage
【解析】1.固定搭配。Oneanother互相。
2.詞性誤用。此句中由and并列連接不定式動(dòng)詞短語,因此,將shopping改為動(dòng)詞原形shop。
3.連詞誤用。并列連詞or表示選擇“或者”,and表示“然后,接著”。因此這里應(yīng)該用and。
4.固定搭配。bemadon對(duì)…著迷。
5.固定搭配。Makesb.dosth.使某人做某事。
6.語法題。這是由supposing(that)引導(dǎo)條件句,整句話是過去時(shí)態(tài),因此,that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞“aren’t”應(yīng)該改為“werenot”。
7.語法題。句子已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞was,因此動(dòng)詞make得變成非謂語動(dòng)詞。另外,make與邏輯主語company之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。而且,根據(jù)并列連詞and后面的非謂語形式“making”可知,此處要將makes改為making。
8.固定搭配。該處句意為:假設(shè)只有一個(gè)商店,你得買它所提供的東西,根據(jù)它的要求付錢,或者離開。你沒有真正的選擇。Goaway表示“走開,離開”,因此將without改為away。
9.語法題。考查主謂一致。該句主語是不可數(shù)名詞“competition(競(jìng)爭)”。因此謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用三單形式。
10.動(dòng)詞誤用。前面句意為:供應(yīng)商之間的競(jìng)爭意味著消費(fèi)者可以獲得更好的交易;消費(fèi)者的選擇是影響產(chǎn)品的重要手段。因此此處應(yīng)該表示的是“消費(fèi)者鼓勵(lì)競(jìng)爭”。
24.單選題
Despitehis____planning,theexpositionturnedouttobeafailure.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.exquisite
B.exhausted
C.elaborate
D.insufficient
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.exquisite精美的;精致的B.exhausted筋疲力盡的;疲憊不堪的
C.elaborate詳盡的;精心制作的D.insufficient不充分的;不足的
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】句意:盡管他……的計(jì)劃,博覽會(huì)還是以失敗告終。根據(jù)邏輯,這里存在一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,后半句講博覽會(huì)是失敗的,則可以推測(cè)前半句中他的計(jì)劃應(yīng)該是精心制作的,但是博覽會(huì)以失敗告終。因此選C。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。
【句意】盡管他精心策劃,博覽會(huì)還是失敗了。
25.單選題
Iwas(
)tostudyFrenchyesterday,butIchangedmymind.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tobestarting
B.tostart
C.tohavestarted
D.tohavebeenstarting
【答案】C
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。was/weretohavedone表示“過去計(jì)劃打算做某事,結(jié)果卻沒做”,was/weretodo表示“過去計(jì)劃做某事”。由but后面的內(nèi)容可知此處表示“過去打算做而未做的事”,因此選C。
26.單選題
Ifanobjectissuspendedfromanpointontheverticallinepassingthroughitscenterofgravity,theobjectwillremain().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.secure
B.flexible
C.stationary
D.mobile
【答案】C
【解析】句意:如果一個(gè)物體從通過其重心的垂直線上的一個(gè)點(diǎn)上懸停,該物體將保持靜止。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。
27.單選題
Coolmusiciansdemandedrespect,andwhen()didn’tblowup,but,likethepresident,responded().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.attacked...stoically
B.attacking...stoic
C.attacked...stoic
D.attacking...stoically
【答案】A
【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu),句子的主語為coolmusicians,when后面的空格應(yīng)該是指當(dāng)音樂家受到攻擊時(shí),所以主語musicians和動(dòng)詞attack之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用attacked過去分詞來修飾音樂家,故選項(xiàng)B和D可排除。又根據(jù)responded動(dòng)詞,可判斷第二空格應(yīng)填入副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,故選項(xiàng)B和C可排除。句意:冷酷的音樂家需要尊重,當(dāng)被攻擊時(shí),當(dāng)他們受到的攻擊沒有爆發(fā)時(shí),他們就像總統(tǒng)一樣,反應(yīng)冷靜。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
28.單選題
Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas______asitislovely.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.frigid
B.fragile
C.strident
D.tedious
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)frigid“寒冷的,嚴(yán)寒的;冷淡的”;B選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的;易碎的”;C選項(xiàng)strident“刺耳的;尖銳的;吱吱尖叫的;軋軋作響的”;D選項(xiàng)tedious“沉悶的;冗長乏味的”。由“有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又_____,又可愛”可知空格處的詞語要與cobweb(蜘蛛網(wǎng))在邏輯上搭配,且與lovely的感情色彩一致,句意:有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又脆弱,又可愛。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
29.單選題
Atthefirstglance,aforestappearstobeahaphazardcollectionoftrees,shrubs,vines,andflowers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.random
B.total
C.graded
D.synthetic
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。haphazard意為“無秩序的,無計(jì)劃的”;random“隨機(jī)的,隨意的”;total意為“總計(jì)的,全部的,徹底的”;graded意為“分級(jí)的”;synthetic意為“合成的”。
句意:乍一看,森林似乎是樹木、灌木、藤蔓的雜亂無章的組合。
30.單選題
ScientistsonTuesdaypushedthehandsoftheinfamous“DoomsdayClock”forwardoneminutefr
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