考研考博-英語-樂山師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-樂山師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Shehasdecidedto（）somemoneyeverymonthtohelpthreepeasantgirlsinpoverty-strickenareas.

問題1選項

A.laydown

B.layside

C.setup

D.standupto

【答案】B

【解析】laydown放下，制定，鋪設(shè)，主張；layside擱置，儲蓄，留存；setup建立；standupto經(jīng)得起，抵抗。句意：她決定每個月存點錢幫助三個貧困地區(qū)的農(nóng)村女孩。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Thegovernorwas___bythepublicformisusinghispowerforpersonalinterests.

問題1選項

A.sneaked

B.praised

C.flailed

D.rebuked

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項sneaked“溜；鬼鬼祟祟做事；向老師打小報告；偷偷地做；偷偷取得”；B選項praised“贊揚；（尤指唱歌）歌頌（上帝）”；C選項flailed“亂動；（用棍棒）猛擊；（使）大幅波動；踉蹌；用連枷打（谷）”；D選項rebuked“斥責，指責；控制”。句意：這位州長因濫用權(quán)力謀取個人利益而受到公眾的___。本句表達“被公眾斥責”，因此D選項正確。

3.翻譯題

IfyoujudgetheprogressofhumanitybyHomerSimpson,ParisHilton,andGirlsGoneWildvideos,youmightconcludethatourevolutionhasstalledorevenshiftedintoreverse.Notso,scientistssay.Humansareevolvingfasterthaneverbefore,pickingupnewgenetictraitsandtalentsthatmayhelpussurviveaturbulentfuture.

Muchremodelinghasgoneonsciencethedawnofagricultureabout10millenniumsago.”Peoplewholived10000yearsagoweremuchmorelikeNeanderthalsthanwearelikethosepeople:saysJohnHawks,aprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofWisconsin."We’vechanged".

Hawksisamongagrowingnumberofscientistswhoareusingwhole-genomesequencing(全基因組測試)andothermodemtechnologiestozeroinonjusthowwe’vechanged.Theirresearchishelpingilluminatenotonlyhowhumansbecamewhatwearebutalsowherewemightbeheaded.Forinstance,somescientistsspeculatethatchangesinhumanmatingpatternsmaybecontributingtotheincreaseinautism.Otherstrackhowhumanshavemorphedinresponsetochangingcircumstance,includingenhancedabilitiestometabolizesugarandfightdisease.SomepeoplearegeneticallymoreresistanttotheHIVvirus,forinstance,andthattraitshouldbecomemorecommoninthefuture,asthosepeoplearemorelikelytosurviveandhavechildrenwhoareresistant.Yetforsomepeople,themakeoverisn’tbigenoughorfastenough.SomeparentshavestartedusingDNAtestingtochoosethegeneticmakeupoftheirchildren,rejectingembryoswithinheritedflawsorembracingthosewithdesiredtraits-suchasbeingtherightsex.

Untilrecently,anthropologistthoughtthathumanevolutionhadsloweddown,butlastDecember,Hawksreportedthatithadactuallyaccelerated100-foldinthepast5000to10000years.HefiguredthatoutbycomparingchunksofDNAamong269peoplefromaroundtheworld.Overtime,DNAaccumulatesrandommutations,justasthefrontofawhiteT-shirttendstoaccumulatespots.ThebiggerthechunksofDNAwithoutrandomspots,themostrecentlyithadbeenmimed.Usingthissystem,Hawksconcludedthatrecentgeneticchangesaccountforabout7percentofhumangenome.Muchoftheincrease,hesays,hasfueledbythegrowthoftheworld’spopulation,whichhasexpandedbyafactorof1000overthepast10000years.Havingmorepeopleincreasestheoddsofmutations.

Atthesametime,thehumangenomehasbeenscramblingtoadopttoarapidlychangingworld-11000yearsago,nobodyframed,nobodymilkeddomesticatedanimals,andnobodylivedinacity.Peoplewithamutationthataidedsurvivalweremorelikelytothrive,reproduce,andpassthatmutationalongtooffspringForexample,thecapacitytodigestlactose,thesugarinmilk,hasbecomecommononlyoverthepast3000years.Now,about95percentofthepeopleinnorthernGermanyhavethemutation,whichalsopoppedupindependentlyamongtheMasaiinAfricanandtheLappsinFinlandHawkssays:"thisisreallyrapidevolution."

Humanswillcontinuetochangetocopewithnewdiseases,ifhistoryisanyguideGenesthatdefendagainstinfectionsdiseasehavebeenamongthemostrapidlyevolvingpartsofthehumangenome.PeoplewhoseancestorslivedinEuropeancitiesaremorelikelytohavesomeresistancetosmallpox,whilepeopleinsub-SaharanAfricaaremorelikelytogeneticallyresistancetomalaria.Justweeksago,researchreportedthatonegeneticvariantthatonegeneticvariantthatprotectsagainstmalariaalsomakespeoplemoresusceptibletoAIDS,adiscoverythatcouldleadtotailoredtreatmentifforAIDSinAfrica.

Rightnow,ourgenesareplayingcatch-upagainstmodemscourges-likediabetes,NativeAmericansandPolynesians,whoseculturesonlyrecentlyadoptedaEuropean-styledietofdiabetes.Thetheoryisthatthe'thriftygenes"thathelpedthosegroupssurvivefamineshaven’thadtimetoadapttotheglucosespikescausedbyeatingstarchyfood."Howwemovesugarsaroundhowbumthemhavereallychangedalot,"saysGregoryWary,anevolutionarybiologistatDukeUniversity.

It’sevenpossiblethatveryrecentchangesinsocietyandtheworkplacecouldunderpintherecentriseincasesofautism.SimonBaron-Cohen,directoroftheAutismResearchCentreattheUniversityofCambridge,wasstruckbyhowmanyoftheparentsofchildrenwithautismwhohetestedwerereallygood‘‘systematizers”peoplewhounderstandtheworldaccordingtorulesorlaws.TheyalsoweremorelikelytohaveafatherwhoworkedinengineeringHewondersiftheincreaseinautismdiagnosescouldbepartlydueto‘a(chǎn)ssortativemating’thatis,peoplepickingmateslikethemselves.

Peoplewithautism(自閉癥)spectrumdisorderareoftendetailorientedandanalytical,andtodaytheymighthaveaneasiertimefindingaspousewithsimilarabilitiesthantheywouldhaveinpasteras.Baron-Cohennotesthatinthelate1950s,onlytwopercentoftheundergraduatesatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywerewomen;now,50percentare.So,he’ssettingupastudytotestwhetherassortativematingamongpeoplewithageneticpredispositionforautismcouldbefuelingthebirthofmorechildrenwithautism.

Thehumanbrain,whichhasevolvedintocognitionuniqueintheworld,islikelytochangeevenmoreinthefuture.Ournicheinnature,saysStephenPinker,anexperimentalpsychologistatHarvardUniversitywhostudiestheevolutionoflanguageandthemindisthe’’cognitiveniche".Inresearchpublishedlastyear,Waryidentifiedgenesthatcontrolglucosemetabolisminthebrainasamongthosemostrecentlyevolved.Thosechangesmayhavebeenessentialtofuelingthehumanbrain’sgrowthtoasizetwicethatofournearestcousinthechimpanzee."Ifyoumakeabigbrain,it’sanenergyhog:Warysays.’’It'slikeputtingV-8energyinatinylittlecar/'Itcouldalsohelpexplainwhychimpanzeesdon'tgetdiabetes,whitehumansdo.

【答案】霍克斯是越來越多使用全基因組測序和其他現(xiàn)代技術(shù)來關(guān)注人類變化的科學(xué)家之一。

例如，有些人在基因上對艾滋病毒有更強的抵抗力，這種特性在未來應(yīng)該會變得更加普遍，因為這些人更有可能存活下來，并生下具有抗艾滋病毒能力的孩子。

一些父母已經(jīng)開始使用DNA測試來選擇他們孩子的基因組成，拒絕那些有遺傳缺陷的胚胎，或者接受那些有理想特征的胚胎例如恰當?shù)男詣e的胚胎。

其祖先生活在歐洲城市的人更有可能對天花有抵抗能力，而生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)的人更有可能生來就有抗瘧疾能力。

自閉癥譜系障礙患者往往注重細節(jié)，善于分析。如今，他們可能比過去的時代更容易找到具有類似能力的配偶。

4.單選題

Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjob（）isararething.

問題1選項

A.security

B.safety

C.protectionfor

D.secureness

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這場經(jīng)濟衰退己經(jīng)意味著工作保障是罕見的事情。

考查名詞辨析。security安全，保障；safety安全，保險;protection保護，防衛(wèi);secureness安全，（船）停泊，固定。因此A符合句意。

5.單選題

Inasocietythatplacesomuchemphasisto“makingit,”wefailtorecognizethatwhatlookslikefailuremay,inthelongrun,provebeneficial.

問題1選項

A.to

B.failtorecognize

C.what

D.inthelongrun

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)emphasis可知，placeemphasison為固定搭配，表示“重視，強調(diào)”。句意：在一個如此強調(diào)“成功”的社會里，我們沒有意識到，從長遠來看，看起來像是失敗的東西可能是有益的。因此，該題選擇A項。

6.單選題

Maryonce___withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問題1選項

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.merged（尤指商業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)）合并；（使）融合，逐漸消失B.collaborated合作

C.coincided一致；符合；同時發(fā)生D.constituted組成；構(gòu)成

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格后有with表示和……一起，表伴隨。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是二人合作一起創(chuàng)作音樂。B選項符合句意，正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】瑪麗有一次與另一位音樂家合作譜寫了一首流行樂曲。

7.問答題

Iwouldadvise(A)younottopressthematter(B)toohardorbecomeconvincingthat(C)moneydoesnotmatter(D).

【答案】試題答案：C;becomeconvincedthat

【解析】考查固定句型。convince意為“使相信，說服”，一般用于convincesb.that...（使某人相信……），其被動結(jié)構(gòu)為：sb.beconvincedthat...本句為：you...becomeconvincedthat...

8.單選題

RecombinantDNAtechnologyallowsscientiststocutsegmentsofDNAfromonetypeoforganismandcombinethemwiththegenesofasecondorganism.AlsocalledgeneticengineeringrecombinantDNAtechnologyisamethodbywhichrelativelysimpleorganisms,suchasbacteriaoryeast,orevenmammaliancellsinculture,canbeinducedtomakequantitiesofhumanproteins,includinginterferonsorgrowtobaccoplantsthatproducemonoclonalantibodies,andgoatsthatsecreteaclot-dissolvingheartattackdrug,tissueplasminogenactivator(TPA),intheirmilk.

AnotherfacetofrecombinantDNAtechnologyinvolvesgenetherapy.Thegoalofthistherapyistoreplacedefectivegenes,ortoendowacellwithnewcapabilities.In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstratedwhentumor-infiltratinglymphocytes(TILS)wereextractedfromapatient,equippedwithamarkergene(sotheycouldbetrackedandmonitored),andthenre-injectedintopatientswithadvancedcancer.TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells,beforebeingusedasavector,theviruswasalteredsothatitcouldnotreproduceorcausedisease.Thisexperimentdemonstratedthatgene-modifiedcellscouldsurviveforlongperiodsinthebloodstreamandintumordepositswithoutharmtothepatient.

Theearliestattemptstousegenestherapeuticallyfocusedonaformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease(SCID),whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase(ADA)—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.WhenthevirussplicesitsgenesintothoseoftheTcells,itsimultaneouslyintroducesthegeneforthemissingenzyme.AfterthetreatedTcellsbegintoproducethemissingenzyme,theyareinjectedbackintothepatient.

Genetherapyisnowbeingusedwithsomecancerpatients.TILSreinforcedwithagenefortheantitumorcytokineknownastumornecrosisfactor(TNF)havebeenadministeredtopatientswithadvancedmelanoma,adeadlyformofskincancer.Plansareunderwaytoengineeracancer“vaccine”designedtoimproveanticancerimmuneresponsesbytakingsmallbitsoftumorfrompatientswithcancer,outfittingthetumorcellswithgenesforimmunecellactivatingcytokinessuchasLL2,andre-injectingthesegene-modifiedtumorsintothepatient.Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,theenhancedimmuneresponsetriggeredbythistechniquemayhelppreventtherecurrenceofcancer.

1.WhatinnatecharacteristicofvirusesdidresearcherstakeadvantageofinordertotransportgenesintoTILS?

2.Accordingtothepassage,SCIDiscausedby（

）.

3.Whymightcancerpatientsbeleeryoftheprospectofacancer“vaccine”asdiscussedinthispassage?

4.Adenosinedeaminase(ADA)istransferredintotheTcellsofapatientviawhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.protectiveproteincoat

B.affinityforinvadingcells

C.non-cellularconsistency

D.abilitytoproduceDNAfromRNA

問題2選項

A.anoverabundanceofmonoclonalantibodies

B.anoverabundanceoftumornecrosisfactor

C.alackoftumornecrosisfactor

D.alackofadenosinedeaminase

問題3選項

A.Vaccinerecipientswillbere-injectedwithcancerousmaterial

B.Thevaccineisderivedfromthetobaccoplant.

C.Thesafetyofgenetictransferhasnotyetbeenproven.

D.Geneticmaterialfromthevectorcouldinvadethevaccinerecipient’sbloodstream.

問題4選項

A.markergene

B.TILS

C.interferon

D.modifiedretrovirus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘研究人員利用病毒的什么固有特性來將基因?qū)隩ILS?’根據(jù)文章第二段第四句的“TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells.為了將這種基因?qū)隩ILS，科學(xué)家們使用了一種病毒，利用它入侵細胞的自然傾向?！贝_定B選項‘入侵細胞的傾向’正確。

2.題目提問‘根據(jù)文章，SCID是由……導(dǎo)致的?！鶕?jù)第三段第一句與第二句中的“aformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease（SCID）,whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient’sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.一種嚴重的聯(lián)合免疫缺陷病(SCID)，由單個異?；蛞鸬拿溉狈σ?。這種酶的基因——腺苷脫氨酶(ADA)——通過一種改良的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒進入病人的T細胞”中的lackof可以排除A選項‘單克隆抗體過量’、B選項‘腫瘤壞死因子過多’和C選項‘缺乏腫瘤壞死因子’。從第一句與第二句的前后關(guān)系及this這個詞知道第一句的enzyme就是指第二句的enzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA），所以D選項‘缺乏腺哲脫氨酶’正確。

3.題目提問‘為什么癌癥患者會對這篇文章中所討論的癌癥“疫苗”的前景持懷疑態(tài)度?’根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,盡管將惡性腫瘤細胞重新植入患者體內(nèi)的想法似乎有點嚇人”推知A選項‘疫苗接種者將被重新注入癌物質(zhì)’正確。B選項‘疫苗是來自煙草植物’和D選項‘載體中的遺傳物質(zhì)可以入侵疫苗接受者的血液’在文章中沒有提及，排除；C選項‘基因轉(zhuǎn)移的安全性尚未得到證實’與文中第二第三句中的“In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstrated.在1989年，基因轉(zhuǎn)移的可行性與安全性己經(jīng)得到證明。”互相矛盾，排除。

4.題目提問‘ADA通過下列哪一種途徑轉(zhuǎn)移到患者的T細胞中?’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.這種酶的基因ADA通過一種改良的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒進入病人的T細胞?！贝_定D選項‘modifiedretrovirus經(jīng)過修改的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶病毒’正確。

9.單選題

AdetailedandthoroughresearchprojectundertakenbytheOpenUniversityrecentlyreportedthattheirevidenceappearstoshowthatcompetitionbetweennearbyschoolsdoesnotsignificantlyimproveacademicstandards.Indeed,theirreportinclinestotheoppositeoutcome;theexamresultsmayactuallydeclinewherecompetitionisfiercest.

Whenthefurthereducationsectorwas"privatized"afewyearsago,competitionbetweencollegesbecametrulyfierce,atleastinurbanareaswherepotentialstudentscouldchoosebetweenseveralofthem.Collegesappointedhighlypaidmarketingdirectorsandgavethemlargebudgets;someeven"bribed."interestedstudentswithpromisesofhundredsofpoundsiftheycompletedcertaincoursessatisfactorily.

FullycompetitivemarketsbeingaphilosophicalfoundationofBritain'srecentgovernments,itwasnosurprisetohearclaimsthatmanyeducationaldevelopmentsofthe1990swouldmoveustowardsafreemarketinsecondaryeducationgivingyoungstersandtheirparentsafreechoiceofwheretostudy.However,thesecondarysectordidnotbecomeparticularlycompetitivewhile,admittedly,theconsumershavebeengivenmoreinformation,whichisoneaspectofatrulyfreemarket.Itisveryrarethattwonearbyschoolswithatleastsomeemptyplacesaresimilarenoughtobecomparableyetdifferentenoughtoberankable;onlywherethatoccurscantherebetruecompetition.

TheOpenUniversityresearchwasprobablynotflawedbutitsconclusionsare.Thisisbecausetheteamdidnotreallycompareareashavingtruecompetition（asjustdefineD.withareasthatdonot.

But,letusallbreatheasighofrelief.Secondaryschoolshadstartedoflatetomoveinthemarketingdirection——consideringallocatingscarceresourcesofstaffandmoneytopersuadingthepupilsthattheirschoolsarethebestinthearea.Noschoolscouldaffordtodothatproperly,soitisarelieftorealizethisresearchtellsuswedon'thaveto.

Competition?Wehaven'tgottimeforit!Let'sspendoursmallbudgetinteachingandlearning,notincompetingandmarketing.

1.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatcompetitionbetweenschoolsresultsin（）.

2.Realcompetitioncanhappenonlywhen（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,thefreemarketinsecondaryeducation（）.

4.Theauthorofthepassagefeelsrelievedthat（）.

5.Whatmightbetheauthor'sattitudetowardscompetitionsbetweennearbyschools?

問題1選項

A.higherenrollmentrate

B.loweracademicstandard

C.highermarketingexpenses

D.privatizationoffurthereducation

問題2選項

A.academicstandardisimproved

B.therearecomparableschoolswithdifferenteducationalqualities

C.studentshavedifferentinterests

D.schoolsofallareashavesufficientbudgetfortheirdevelopment

問題3選項

A.onlyprovidesconsumerswithmoreinformation

B.ismorecompetitivethanthehighereducationmarket

C.meanstherewillbemoreintensivecompetitionthanincolleges

D.isarealsurprisetoBritain'srecentgovernment

問題4選項

A.secondaryschoolshavetomarketthemselves

B.mostsecondaryschoolshavescarceresourcesofstaffandmoney

C.theresearchbyOpenUniversityprovesthatmostsecondaryschoolsarethebestinitsarea

D.schoolsneedn'tprovethattheyarethebest

問題5選項

A.Theauthorisinfavorofvariouskindsofcompetition.

B.Theauthorisindifferenttoanycompetitionanditsresult.

C.Theauthorisnotcertainoftheeffectofcompetitions.

D.Theauthorisagainstinter-collegiatecompetitions.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段“AdetailedandthoroughresearchprojectundertakenbytheOpenUniversityrecentlyreportedthattheirevidenceappearstoshowthatcompetitionbetweennearbyschoolsdoesnotsignificantlyimproveacademicstandards.Indeed,theirreportinclinestotheoppositeoutcome;theexamresultsmayactuallydeclinewherecompetitionisfiercest.”大學(xué)進行的一項詳細而徹底的研究項目最近報告顯示，他們的證據(jù)似乎表明，附近學(xué)校之間的競爭并沒有顯著提高學(xué)術(shù)水平。事實上，他們的報告傾向于相反的結(jié)果;在競爭最激烈的地方，考試成績實際上可能會下降。可知學(xué)校之間的競爭會導(dǎo)致學(xué)術(shù)水平的降低。故B項正確。

2.判斷推理題。由題干定位到第三段"Itisveryrarethattwonearbyschoolswithatleastsomeemptyplacesaresimilarenoughtobecomparableyetdifferentenoughtoberankable;onlywherethatoccurscantherebetruecompetition."附近有兩所學(xué)校（之間至少有一些空地間隔開來）相似到足以進行比較，但不同到足以排名，這種情況是非常罕見的。只有在這種情況下，才會有真正的競爭。據(jù)此可知B項“當兩所學(xué)校的具有不同的教育質(zhì)量并且兩所學(xué)校大致相當?shù)臅r候，才有真正的競爭?！斌w現(xiàn)了原文中的“相似到足以比較，但又有不同之處”。故B項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段However,thesecondarysectordidnotbecomeparticularlycompetitivewhile,admittedly,theconsumershavebeengivenmoreinformation,whichisoneaspectofatrulyfreemarket.然而，第二部門并沒有變得特別有競爭力，同時不可否認，消費者得到了更多的信息，這是一個真正自由市場的一個方面?？芍狝項“中等教育的自由市場給消費者提供了更多信息”正確。B項“中等教育的自由市場比高等教育市場更有競爭力”和C項“中等教育的自由市場意味著大學(xué)將有更激烈的競爭”原文沒有提到。D項“中等教育的自由市場讓英國現(xiàn)行政府很驚訝”與文中“itwasnosurprisetohearclaimsthatmanyeducationaldevelopmentsofthe1990swouldmoveustowardsafreemarketinsecondaryeducation”這并不令人意外聽到這樣的觀點：上世紀90年代的許多教育發(fā)展將推動我們走向中等教育的自由市場…不符。故A項正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第二段“But,letusallbreatheasighofrelief.Secondaryschoolshadstartedoflatetomoveinthemarketingdirection——consideringallocatingscarceresourcesofstaffandmoneytopersuadingthepupilsthattheirschoolsarethebestinthearea.Noschoolscouldaffordtodothatproperly,soitisarelieftorealizethisresearchtellsuswedon'thaveto.但是，讓我們都松一口氣吧。中學(xué)最近才開始向市場營銷方向發(fā)展--考慮分配稀缺的人力資源和資金來說服學(xué)生，使其相信他們的學(xué)校是該地區(qū)最好的。沒有一所學(xué)校能負擔得起這樣做，因此，當我們意識到這項研究告訴我們不必這樣做時，我們松了一口氣?！笨芍髡咚闪艘豢跉獾脑蚴茄芯勘砻鲗W(xué)校不必證明自己是最好的。答案D

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段“Competition?Wehaven'tgottimeforit!Let'sspendoursmallbudgetinteachingandlearning,notincompetingandmarketing.”競爭?我們沒時間了!讓我們把我們的小預(yù)算花在教學(xué)上，而不是競爭和營銷上。由此可知作者對競爭是持反對態(tài)度的。D項正確。

10.單選題

Theyoungartistcreates（

）.

問題1選項

A.marbletranslucentsculptures

B.translucentmarblesculptures

C.marblesculpturestranslucent

D.translucentsculpturesmarble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞序。當名詞前有多個形容詞做定語時，這些形容詞的排序為：限定詞（冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、數(shù)詞等）+表示觀點的描述性形容詞+形狀、大小、長短、高低+年齡、新舊+顏色+國籍、地區(qū)+物質(zhì)材料+中心詞。translucent（半透明的）指顏色，marble（大理石）指物質(zhì)材料，sculpture（雕像）是中心詞，因此選B。

句意：這位年輕的藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)造了半透明的大理石雕像。

11.單選題

Afterthefiercequarrel,theybegantohavea（

）loathingforeachother.

問題1選項

A.boring

B.reciprocal

C.friendly

D.standing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。boring“無聊的；令人厭煩的”；reciprocal“互惠的；相互的”；friendly“友好的；親切的”；standing“長期存在的”。句意：在那次激烈的爭吵后，他們開始相互厭惡。選項B符合題意。

12.不定項選擇題

Mostkidsgrowuplearningtheycannotdrawonthewalls.Butitmightbetimetounlearnthattraining—thissummer,groupofcultureaddicts,artistsandcommunityorganizersareinvitingNewYorkerstowritealloverthewallsofanoldhouseonGovernor’sIsland.

TheprojectiscalledWritingOnItAll,andit’saparticipatorywritingprojectandartisticexperimentthathashappenedonGovernor’sIslandeverysummersince2013.

“Mostoftheparticipantsarepeoplewhoarejustwalkingbyorareontheislandforotherreasons,ortheyjustkindofhappentobethere,”AlexandraChasin,artisticdirectorofWritingOnItAll,tellsS.

The2016seasonrunsthroughJune26andfeaturessessionsfacilitatedbyeveryonefromdancerstodomesticworkers.Eachsessionhasatheme,andparticipantsaregivenavarietyofmaterialsandpromptsandaskedtocoversurfaceswiththeirthoughtsandart.Thisyear,theprogramsrangefromonethatturnsthehouseintoacollaborativeessaytoonethatexploresthemeaningofexile.

Governor’sIslandisanationalhistoriclandmarkdistrictlongusedformilitarypurposes.Nowknownas“NewYork’ssharedspaceforartandplay,”theisland,whichliesbetweenManhattanandBrooklyninUpperNewYorkBay,isclosedtocarsbutopentosummertouristswhoflockforfestivals,picnics,adventures,aswellasthese“l(fā)egalgraffiti(涂鴉)”Sessions.

Thenotesandartscribbled(涂畫)onthewallsareanexperimentinself-expression.Sofar,participantshaverangedinagefrom2to85.ThoughChasinsaysthefocusoftheworkisontheactivityofwriting,ratherthanthetextthatendsupgettingwritten,someoftheworkthatcomesoutofthesessionshasstuckwithher.

“Oneofthesessionsthatmovedmethemostwasstateviolenceonblackwomenandblackgirls,”saysChasin,explainingthatinoneroom,peoplewrotedownthenamesofthosekilledbecauseofit.“Peopledobeautifulworkandleavebeautifulmessages.”

1.WhatdoestheprojectWritingOnItAllinvitepeopletodo?

2.Whatdowelearnabouttheparticipantsintheproject?

3.Whatdidtheprojectparticipantsdoduringthe2016season?

4.WhatkindofplaceisGovernor’sIsland?

5.WhatdoesChasinsayabouttheproject?

問題1選項

A.Unlearntheirtrainingindrawing.

B.Participateinastategraffitishow.

C.Coverthewallsofanoldhousewithgraffiti.

D.Exhibittheirartisticcreationsinanoldhouse.

問題2選項

A.Theyarejustcultureaddicts.

B.Theyaregraffitienthusiasts.

C.Theyarewritersandartists.

D.Theyaremostlypassers-by.

問題3選項

A.Theywerefreetoscribbleonthewallswhatevercametotheirmind.

B.Theyexpressedtheirthoughtsingraffitionthethemeofeachsession.

C.Theylearnedthetechniquesofcollaborativewriting.

D.Theywererequiredtocooperatewithothercreators.

問題4選項

A.Itisahistoricsitethatattractstouristsandartists.

B.Itisanareanowaccessibleonlytotouristvehicles.

C.ItisaplaceinUpperNewYorkBayformerlyusedforexiles.

D.Itisanopenareafortouriststoenjoythemselvesyearround.

問題5選項

A.Ithascreatedsomemeaningfulartisticworks.

B.Ithelpedexpandtheinfluenceofgraffitiart.

C.Ithasstartedthecareerofmanycreativeartists.

D.Itjustfocusedonthesufferingsofblackfemales.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“‘全寫在上面’這個項目邀請人們做什么？”。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段TheprojectiscalledWritingOnItAll（這個項目叫作“全寫在上面”），這個項目的解釋可以追蹤到第一段thissummer,groupofcultureaddicts,artistsandcommunityorganizersareinvitingNewYorkerstowritealloverthewallsofanoldhouseonGovernor’sIsland.（今年夏天，一群文化愛好者、藝術(shù)家和社區(qū)組織者邀請紐約人在總督島一所老房子的墻壁上涂鴉）可知，C項“用涂鴉覆蓋舊房子的墻壁”正確。A項“忘記他們在繪畫方面的訓(xùn)練”這不是這個項目的目的，表述不準確；B項“參加國家涂鴉表演”沒有提及；D項“在一所老房子里展示他們的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作”，文章說的是在墻壁上涂鴉，D項表述錯誤。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“我們對項目參與者有什么了解？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Mostoftheparticipantsarepeoplewhoarejustwalkingbyorareontheislandforotherreasons,ortheyjustkindofhappentobethere（大多數(shù)參與者只是路過，或者因為其他原因來到島上，或者他們只是碰巧在那里）可知，D項“他們大多是路人”正確。A項“他們只是文化成癮者”和C項“他們是作家和藝術(shù)家”是邀請者，而不是參與者，因此不選；B項“他們是涂鴉愛好者”為干擾項，文中提到的是邀請紐約人，B項覆蓋面太狹窄。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“項目參與者在2016賽季做了什么？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第二句Eachsessionhasatheme,andparticipantsaregivenavarietyofmaterialsandpromptsandaskedtocoversurfaceswiththeirthoughtsandart.（每個環(huán)節(jié)都有一個主題，參與者會得到各種材料和提示，并被要求用他們的思想和藝術(shù)覆蓋表面）可知，B項“他們用涂鴉的方式表達了對每個環(huán)節(jié)主題的想法”符合題意。A項“他們可以隨心所欲地在墻上亂涂亂畫”表述太絕對；第四段最后一句提到Thisyear,theprogramsrangefromonethatturnsthehouseintoacollaborativeessaytoonethatexploresthemeaningofexile.（今年的項目從將這棟房子變成一篇協(xié)作性的文章，到探索流放的意義）可知C項“他們學(xué)習(xí)了協(xié)作寫作的技巧”和D項“他們被要求與其他創(chuàng)造者合作”錯誤。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“總督島是一個什么地方？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的第五段Governor’sIslandisanationalhistoriclandmarkdistrictlongusedformilitarypurposes.Nowknownas“NewYork’ssharedspaceforartandplay,”theisland,whichliesbetweenManhattanandBrooklyninUpperNewYorkBay,isclosedtocarsbutopentosummertouristswhoflockforfestivals,picnics,adventures,aswellasthese“l(fā)egalgraffiti”Sessions.（總督島是一個長期用于軍事目的的國家歷史地標區(qū)。這座島位于紐約上海灣的曼哈頓和布魯克林之間，現(xiàn)在被稱為“紐約的藝術(shù)和玩耍共享空間”。它不對汽車開放，但對夏季前來參加節(jié)日慶典、野餐、冒險活動以及這些“合法涂鴉”活動的游客開放。）可知，A項“是一個吸引游客和藝術(shù)家的歷史遺址”符合題意。B項“這個地區(qū)現(xiàn)在只允許旅游車輛進入”與原文相反；C項“這是紐約上海灣的一個地方，以前用于流亡者”，文章提到總督島在以前是用于軍事目的，C項表述錯誤；D項“它是一個開放的區(qū)域，供游客一年四季享受”表述不準確，文章說的是夏季開放。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

第5題:細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“查森對這個項目怎么說？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的最后一段，查森說到Oneofthesessionsthatmovedmethemostwasstateviolenceonblackwomenandblackgirls（最令我感動的部分之一是國家對黑人婦女和黑人女孩的暴力），接著最后一句話提到Peopledobeautifulworkandleavebeautifulmessages.（人們做著漂亮的工作，留下漂亮的信息）可推斷，查森認為這個項目創(chuàng)造了一些有意義的作品，所以A項“它創(chuàng)造了一些有意義的藝術(shù)作品”符合題意。B項“它幫助擴大了涂鴉藝術(shù)的影響”和C項“它開始了許多有創(chuàng)造力的藝術(shù)家的職業(yè)生涯”最后一段都沒有提及；D項“它只關(guān)注黑人女性的痛苦”表述非常絕對，D項錯誤。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

13.翻譯題

AsFordMotor’sboardofdirectorsgatheredtoholditsquarterlymeetingThursday,speculationwasgrowingthattheworld’sNO.2automakerwaspreparedtoacquiretheautomotiveoperationsofSweden’sVolvo.1.MergerspeculationthathasbeenwidespreadthroughouttheindustryformonthshasfocusedonapossibleVolvo-FordlinkupsinceareportlastweekthatVolvohadhiredaWallStreetinvestmentbanktoexploreapossiblesale.

Ford’sboardmeetingwastobeheldinDearborn,theDetroitsuburbwhereFordisheadquartered.ChiefspokesmanVaughnKoshkariandeclinedtocommentontheagendaortheVolvorumors.PresidentJacNasser,speakingatanindustryconferenceTuesdaynight,alsodeclinedtosaywhereFordwasnegotiatingwithVolvo.ButNasseragainsaidFordwasopentousingitsmorethan$20billioncashreservetoexpandthecompany’sglobalreach.

2.Lastyear’sacquisitionofChryslerbyDaimler-Benzledtoaflurryoftalksamongautomakerslookingtostrengthentheirpositioninanindustrybesetwithtoomuchproductioncapacityworldwide.Theconventionalwisdomisthatsmallerautomakerswillbeill-equippedtocompeteinthe21stcenturyastheindustrybecomesdominatedbyseveralinternationalautomakers.

Volvo,oneoftheworld’ssmallerautomakers,produceslessthan500,000vehiclesannually.Lastyearitsold100,227carsintheUnitedStates,oneofitslargestmarkets.3.Fordreportedlyha