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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingintoChinese
Readingcanonlybefunifyouexpectittobe.Ifyouconcentrateonbookssomebodytellsyouyou‘‘ought”toread,youprobablywon’thavefun.Butifyouputdownabookyoudon’tlikeandtryanothertillyoufindonethatmeanssomethingtoyou,andthenrelaxwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime—andifyoubecome,asaresultofreading,better,wiser,kinder,ormoregentle,youwon’thavesufferedduringtheprocess.
【答案】只有當(dāng)你期望閱讀是有趣的時(shí)候,它才是有趣的。如果你全神貫注于別人告訴你“應(yīng)該”讀的書(shū),你可能不會(huì)有樂(lè)趣。但是如果你放下一本你不喜歡的書(shū),并嘗試另一本,直到你找到一本對(duì)你有點(diǎn)意義的書(shū),然后輕松地讀下去,你肯定能樂(lè)在其中——如果你因?yàn)殚喿x而變得更好,更智慧,更友善,或者更文雅,你就不會(huì)在這個(gè)過(guò)程中受苦。
2.單選題
Ifyoudriveamotorcartothedangerofthepublic,youmaymakeyourself()aheavyfine.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.liableto
B.acquaintedwith
C.alertto
D.relevantto
【答案】A
【解析】liableto容易;acquaintedwith熟悉,
了解,
與...相識(shí);alertto警告;relevantto與...有關(guān)的,
相應(yīng)的。句意:如果你駕駛一輛汽車對(duì)大眾造成了危害,
你有可能會(huì)受到重罰。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
3.單選題
The“EchoHouse”willdemonstratehowwecanlivewithhighlyefficientinsulation,solarheating,energyefficient______andorganicgardening.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.applicators
B.applications
C.applicants
D.appliances
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)applicators“涂藥器;敷帖器;上涂裝置”;B選項(xiàng)applications“應(yīng)用;申請(qǐng);應(yīng)用程序;敷用;(對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等)投入”;C選項(xiàng)applicants“申請(qǐng)人,申請(qǐng)者;請(qǐng)求者”;D選項(xiàng)appliances“器具;器械;裝置;應(yīng)用”。原句中有幾個(gè)并列成分:highlyefficientinsulation,solarheating,energyefficient____,和organicgardening,根據(jù)上下文,這些都是與生存環(huán)境有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ),因此我們不難排除掉與此無(wú)關(guān)的選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)。另外,原句中的幾個(gè)并列成分都是具體名詞。因此可以推斷B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用;申請(qǐng);應(yīng)用程序;敷用;(對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等)投入”與題意不符。句意:“回音屋”將向我們展示如何使用高效隔熱、太陽(yáng)能飲食、節(jié)能電器和有機(jī)園藝來(lái)生活。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
[A]Althoughpearlsmaybeformedbyanyshelledmollusk,themostvaluablepearlsareobtainedfrom[B]theoysters.Exceptfor[C]imitationpearls,whichareentirelyman-made,allpearlsareformedasecretionaroundanirritatingbodythatentersthesofttissueofamollusk.[D]Iftheirritatingbodyentersthemolluskbyaccident,anaturalpearlforms.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Although
B.theoysters
C.imitationpearls
D.Iftheirritatingbody
【答案】B
【解析】考查冠詞用法。B選項(xiàng)處oysters是復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示泛指,前面不應(yīng)加定冠詞the。
5.單選題
Thefamousscientist
hissuccesstohardwork.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ascribed
B.granted
C.imparted
D.acknowledged
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。ascribe“歸因于”,一般與to搭配,ascribeto“把……歸于”;grant“(合法地)授予”;impart“告知”;acknowledge“承認(rèn),確認(rèn)”。句意:這位著名的科學(xué)家將其成功歸功于努力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
6.單選題
Thejudgeiscommittedtomaintaininga___ofimpartiality.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.stance
B.motto
C.pretense
D.commotion
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stance“立場(chǎng);姿態(tài);位置;準(zhǔn)備擊球姿勢(shì)”;B選項(xiàng)motto“座右銘,格言;箴言”;C選項(xiàng)pretense“借口;虛假;炫耀;自吹”;D選項(xiàng)commotion“騷動(dòng);暴亂”。句意:法官致力于保持公正的___。本句表達(dá)“保持公正的立場(chǎng)”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Itisdoubtfulthatshehas()theroleofthePrimeMinisterinBritishpolitics.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Transplanted
B.transferred
C.transported
D.transformed
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transplanted“移植;轉(zhuǎn)移”,B選項(xiàng)transferred“轉(zhuǎn)讓;轉(zhuǎn)接;移交”,C選項(xiàng)transported“運(yùn)輸;流放”,D選項(xiàng)transformed“改變(尤指角色),使……變形”;題干:她是否()英國(guó)政壇首相的角色令人懷疑。根據(jù)剩下的題意可以判斷指她是否改變了英國(guó)政治中首相的角色值得懷疑。
8.翻譯題
Bookendedby9/11atthestartandafinancialwipeoutattheend,thefirst10yearsofthiscenturywillverylikelygodownasthemostdispiritinganddisillusioningdecadeAmericanshavelivedthroughinthepost-WorldWarIIera.Whydidsomuchbadstuffhappeninthisdecade?Wasitjustrottenluckorsomethingmore?Inlargepart,wehaveourselvestoblame.
Itwasalmostasifwesaidinpreviousdecades,“Whydotodaywhatwecanputoffuntilthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury?”Butwedidn’trisetothosechallenges.Whatwejustlivedthrough,then,wasthechickenscoininghometoroost.
IfwearenowwatchingthesunsetonaDecadefromHell,doesitnaturallyfollowthatthenextdecadewillbeallgoodandglory?Ofcoursenot.Andyettherearesomehopefulsigns.Wehaveseenthedestructivenessofdeferralandneglectoninfrastructure,nationalandglobalpolitics,financialmarketsandcorporategovernance,theawarenessofthatdangerismuchhighernow.
Wemaycontinuetoseeourglobaldominanceerode.Butverysignificantly,westillholdmanyoftheworld’strumpcards.Ifweavoidtheeasyoutsofdeferralandneglect,thenthenextdecadeshouldbeahelluvalotbetterthanthelastone.
【答案】始于9/11恐怖襲擊,止于金融大危機(jī),本世紀(jì)的頭10年很可能成為美國(guó)人在二戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)歷的最令人沮喪、最令人幻滅的10年。為什么這十年發(fā)生了這么多壞事?是運(yùn)氣不好還是別的原因?在很大程度上,我們要怪自己。
這幾乎就像我們?cè)谇皫资暾f(shuō)過(guò)的:“為什么今天要做我們可以推遲到21世紀(jì)第一個(gè)十年的事情?”,但我們沒(méi)有直面這些挑戰(zhàn)。這不,回顧我們剛剛所經(jīng)歷的一切,就是自食其果。
現(xiàn)在,如果我們忽視這十年前從地獄里升起的太陽(yáng),那是否意味著未來(lái)十年的繁榮和榮耀會(huì)自然而然地緊隨其后呢?答案是否定的,但是我們還是可以看到希望的曙光。我們已經(jīng)嘗盡持續(xù)不斷的破壞帶來(lái)的危害,以及忽略基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),忽視全國(guó)和全球政治、金融市場(chǎng)和政府間合作造成的惡果。而現(xiàn)今,這些不當(dāng)舉措帶來(lái)的危害遠(yuǎn)高于過(guò)去。
我們可能會(huì)繼續(xù)看到我們的全球主導(dǎo)地位被侵蝕。但非常重要的是,我們?nèi)匀晃沼性S多世界王牌。如果我們能夠避免不必要的錯(cuò)誤,對(duì)重要的事件給予必要的關(guān)注,那么和過(guò)去的十年相比,未來(lái)十年間我們會(huì)有創(chuàng)世紀(jì)的發(fā)展。
9.單選題
Althoughpoliticianstendedto()acknowledgingthisaspect-ofpolicytoopublicly,intheirmorecandidmomentstheyadmittedthatthiscureforinflationwenthandinglovewithariseinunemploymentaboveNAIRU.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.steerclearto
B.steerclearingto
C.steerclearof
D.steerclearingof
【答案】C
【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配steerclearto“避開(kāi)”,句意:盡管政客們盡量避免過(guò)于公開(kāi)認(rèn)證這方面的政策。不存在選項(xiàng)A、B、D搭配。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
10.單選題
Manypeopleareaskingwhethertraditionalresearchuniversitiesinfacthaveanyfuture().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.atall
B.sofar
C.inall
D.onend
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。atall“根本,究竟”;sofar“到目前為止”;inall“總共,合計(jì)”;onend“豎著,連續(xù)著”。句意:許多人在詢問(wèn),傳統(tǒng)的研究型大學(xué)實(shí)際上到底還有沒(méi)有前途。A項(xiàng)符合題意。
11.單選題
Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach(),orrevolution,aroundthesun.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.tour
B.travel
C.visit
D.trip
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tour“旅行,旅游”,B項(xiàng)travel“長(zhǎng)途旅行”,C項(xiàng)visit“訪問(wèn),逗留”,D項(xiàng)trip“(尤指短程往返的)旅行,(賽跑等)賽程”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞earth(地球)和aroundthesun(圍繞太陽(yáng))可推測(cè),空格處表示“旅程”,而根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能夠與make搭配的只有trip。句意:地球每繞太陽(yáng)一周需要一年的時(shí)間。因此,該題D項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Foodistotheblood______readingistothemind.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.so
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。本題考查的句型是:AistoBwhatCistoD=AistoBjustasCistoD。意為“A對(duì)于B正如C對(duì)于D一樣”,如:Peopleistothearmywhatwateristofish.句意:食物之于血液,猶如讀書(shū)之于心靈。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Ofalltheclassicalcomposers,Tchaikovskyhasbeenaveritablegold-mineasa()sourceofthemesforpopulararrangements.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.lucrative
B.ostensible
C.orthodox
D.tentative
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lucrative“有利可圖的,賺錢的”;B選項(xiàng)ostensible“表面的,假裝的”;C選項(xiàng)orthodox“正統(tǒng)的;慣常的”;D選項(xiàng)tentative“不確定的,暫定的;猶豫的”。句意:在所有的古典作曲家中,柴可夫斯基是一個(gè)名副其實(shí)的金礦,他總是創(chuàng)造出大受市場(chǎng)歡迎的主題作品。由gold-mine可知lucrative與其意思對(duì)應(yīng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld'spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.
Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld,ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.
Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.
Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigationwaterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycropland.
Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocalregional,andnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwateruse,countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.
1.Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?
2.Asindicatedinthepassage,thewaterproblem().
3.Accordingtotheauthor,thewaterpriceshould().
4.Theauthorsaysthatinsomehotanddryareasitisadvisableto().
5.Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofthewatersupply,measuresshouldbetakento().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Onlyhalfoftheworld'swatercanbeused.
B.Theworldpopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.
C.Halfoftheworld'swaterresourceshavebeenserioilslypolluted.
D.Humanityhasnotplacedsufficientvalueonwaterresources.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.isalreadyseriousincertainpartsoftheworld
B.hasbeenexaggeratedbysomeexpertsinthefield
C.posesachallengetothetechnologyofbuildingreservoirs
D.isunderestimatedbygovernmentorganizationsatdifferentlevels
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.bereducedtotheminimum
B.stimulatedomesticdemand
C.correspondtoitsrealvalue
D.takeintoaccounttheoccurrencesofdroughts
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.buildbiglakestostorewater
B.constructbigpumpingstations
C.buildsmallandcheapirrigationsystems
D.channelwaterfromnearbyriverstocropland
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.guaranteefullprotectionoftheenvironment
B.centralizethemanagementofwaterresources
C.increasethesenseofresponsibilityofagenciesatalllevels
D.encouragelocalandregionalofcontrolwaterresources
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】
1.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld,ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.”如果我們開(kāi)始比過(guò)去更重視水資源,水資源短缺就不會(huì)給世界帶來(lái)麻煩。由此可知,水資源短缺真正的原因是人們不重視水資源,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
2.根據(jù)第一段第二句“Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,...”一些地區(qū)的水資源短缺正在造成饑荒和不幸。由此可知選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
3.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.”相反,除了貧困人口的家庭用水之外,所有用途的水,政府都應(yīng)該根據(jù)其實(shí)際價(jià)值來(lái)定價(jià)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
4.根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigationwaterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressionsandpumpingittonearbycrop-land.”例如,在干旱地區(qū)建設(shè)小型的、廉價(jià)的灌溉體系,比如在洼地收集降雨,并將其抽到附近的農(nóng)田。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
5.根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“Ratherthanspreadcontrol...tocoordinatewaterpolicy.”國(guó)家應(yīng)設(shè)立中央政府集中管理水資源,而不是由若干個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)夭块T分散管理。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
15.單選題
TherearemanycopperminesinthestateofArizona,______contributessignificantlytothestate’seconomy.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.afact
B.whichfact
C.whosefact
D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意:亞利桑那州有許多銅礦,這一事實(shí)對(duì)該州的經(jīng)濟(jì)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在句子中是一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分,不受主句的限制,也就是說(shuō)從句去掉以后主句仍然成立;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞和主句之間的關(guān)系不甚緊密,通常用逗號(hào)與主句分隔開(kāi);非限制性定語(yǔ)從句先行詞不用that,先行詞是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞不能省略。A選項(xiàng)afact在這里不構(gòu)成從句,故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)whichfact不需要用名詞fact,故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)that不用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)whosefact符合句子意思和語(yǔ)法。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Shouldeitherofthesesituationsoccur,wrongcontrolactionsmightbetakenandapotentialaccidentsequenceinitiated.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.imported
B.installed
C.started
D.interviewed
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:如果發(fā)生這兩種情況之一,可能會(huì)采取錯(cuò)誤的控制措施,并且潛在的事故序列會(huì)被……。import“輸入,引進(jìn)”;install“安裝,設(shè)置”;start“啟動(dòng),開(kāi)始”;interview“采訪,接見(jiàn);面試”。根據(jù)“apotentialaccidentsequence”可推測(cè)劃線單詞的意思是“啟動(dòng),開(kāi)始”,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
17.單選題
____effortsareneededinordertofinishimportantbutunpleasanttasks.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Consecutive
B.Condensed
C.Perpetual
D.Persistent
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.Consecutive連續(xù)不斷的B.Condensed濃縮的
C.Perpetual長(zhǎng)久的;終身的D.Persistent執(zhí)著的;不屈不撓的;堅(jiān)持不懈的
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】句意:為了完成重要但不愉快的任務(wù),需要……努力。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)不愉快但是重要的任務(wù),因此需要一種堅(jiān)持的努力。D選項(xiàng)指不顧困難執(zhí)意做某事,在這里符合語(yǔ)境。因此選D。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)Consecutive“連續(xù)不斷的”,指一個(gè)接一個(gè),連續(xù)不斷,沒(méi)有中斷。而句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是堅(jiān)持做不愉快但重要的事情,該選項(xiàng)不是最佳選項(xiàng);
B選項(xiàng)Condensed“濃縮的”,該選項(xiàng)不符合句意;
D選項(xiàng)Perpetual“長(zhǎng)久的;終身的”,該選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。
【句意】為了完成重要但不愉快的任務(wù),需要堅(jiān)持不懈的努力。
18.單選題
BecauseJenkinsneither______nordefendseithermanagementorthestrikingworkers,bothaidesadmirehisjournalistic________.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.criticizes...acumen
B.attacks...neutrality
C.confronts...aptitude
D.dismisses...flair
【答案】A
【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。criticize“批評(píng),評(píng)論”;attack“攻擊,抨擊”;confront“面對(duì),遭遇”;dismiss“解散,解雇”。acumen“聰明,敏銳”;neutrality“中立”;aptitude“天資”;flair“資質(zhì)”。句意:因?yàn)檎步鹚箤?duì)于管理層和罷工工人既不批評(píng)也不為之辯護(hù),兩個(gè)助手都很佩服他的新聞敏銳感。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
19.單選題
Ihavesearchedallthebookstoresinthistown.Thebookyouaskedforisnot(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.tedious
B.vivid
C.available
D.sufficient
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tedious意為“冗長(zhǎng)的,啰唆的,單調(diào)乏味的”;vivid意為“生動(dòng)的,逼真的”;available意為“可找到的,可購(gòu)得的,可獲得的”;sufficient意為“足夠的,充足的”。
句意:我搜遍了這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)上所有的書(shū)店,你要的那本書(shū)沒(méi)有找到。
20.單選題
In()timeshumanbebeingsdidn’ttravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.prime
B.primitive
C.primary
D.preliminary
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prime“最好的”;B選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的,遠(yuǎn)古的”;C選項(xiàng)primary“最初的”;D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的,開(kāi)始的”。句意:在()時(shí)代,人類旅行不是為了消遣,而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。這句話表達(dá)的含義是“在原始時(shí)代……”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
21.單選題
Lodger:I’mterriblysorrythatIbrokeyourpreciousvase.I’llpayforit.
Landlady:____________________
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Can’tcomplain.
B.Nevermind.
C.Relaxyourself.
D.Takecare.
【答案】B
【解析】考查語(yǔ)義。句意:對(duì)不起,我打碎了你珍貴的花瓶,我會(huì)賠的。。別人因損害了自己的利益或冒犯了自己而道歉時(shí),客氣的應(yīng)答為nevermind“沒(méi)關(guān)系”,所以B符合;A項(xiàng)“(生活/工作)還行”,C項(xiàng)“放松點(diǎn)”,D項(xiàng)“保重”,都不符合對(duì)話場(chǎng)景。
22.單選題
WheatyieldinEuropeishighlysensitivetonaturalvariabilityintemperatureandrainfall.Inthesesimulations,climatechangealoneby2050resultsinsignificantincreasesinyieldunderbothscenariosonlyinthreenorthernEuropeancountries.ButaddingestimatedeffectsofhigherCO2concentrationsonplantgrowthincreasesthatyieldsconsiderably,withyieldincreasesnowbeingsignificantinallofthetencountriesincludedinthestudy.WhethersuchincreasesduetohigherCO2concentrationwouldactuallyberealizedisuncertain,becauseofproblemsinextrapolatingfromidealizedlaboratoryandmodelingresultstofieldconditions.
Theclearmessageofthisworkisthatgreatereffortsareneededtotakeaccountofthe“noise”ofnaturalclimatevariabilitywhenconsideringthe“signal”ofclimatechange.Inparticular,caremustbetakenininterpretingtheresultsofimpactassessments,especiallythosewhichuseclimatesimulationsovershortperiodsonly.
Muchmoreremainstobedone.Forexample,theuseofsimulatedmonthlyclimatedatabyHulmeetal,evenwheninterpolatedtodailydatabystatisticalmethods,leavesopenthepossibilityofsystematicchangesinday-to-dayvariabilityandextremesduetoclimatechange.Thesecouldwelldominatetheeffectsofclimatechangeonbothriverflowandwheatyield.Takingthemintoaccountwillrequiretheanalysisofdailyoutputfromtheclimatemodels,especiallyatfinespatialresolution.
Moreimportantly,inunderstandingthemessagefromHulmeetal,weneedtodistinguishbetweenconfidencelevelsusedforthedetectabilityofsimulatedorrealimpactsduetoclimatechange,andthoseneededtodecideiftheinformationaboutpossiblefutureimpactsisusefulfordecision-makers.Detectability,usedasevidenceofclimatechange,arguablyrequiresahighlevelofconfidence,say,atthe95%or99%level.Ontheotherhand,ifwetakeitasagiventhatclimatechangeisoccurring,andweareseekingusefuladviceastowhattheconsequencesmightbe,alowerlevelofconfidencemaysuffice.
Studiesofthelengthofadatasetisnecessarytodetectarealchangeinthemeanagainstabackgroundofvariability,forexamplefordetectionoftrendsintotalozoneorriverflow,indicatethatevenifthechangeisreal,itmayneedtohavehappenedfordecadesbeforeitcanbeshownstatisticallytohaveoccurred.Incasessuchasestimationoffloodfrequencyandoftheoccurrenceofmoisturestressincrops,whatisneededtoidentifyfuture“dangerous”levelsofclimatechange,ortoplanadaptationmeasures,isanestimateofchangesintheprobabilityofsucheffectsbeforetheyhappen.
1.Accordingtothestudy,highwheatyieldsinEuropemostsignificantlyneed().
2.Ahighlevelofconfidenceisneededwhenwe().
3.Toidentifythepossiblefutureimpactsofclimatechange,scientists().
4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.highertemperaturet
B.heavyrainfallt
C.higherCO2concentrationst
D.naturalclimatechanget
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.takeitasagiventhatclimatechangeisoccurringt
B.use“detectability”asanevidenceofclimatechanget
C.decideiftheinformationisusefulfordecision-makerst
D.estimatethescopeofwheatyieldsincreasest
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.onlyneedanidealizedlaboratoryt
B.mayspendyearstoobtainandanalyzevalidstatisticalevidencet
C.planadaptationmeasuresafterthechangeoccurst
D.setnewclimatemodelst
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.WaysofimprovingWheatYieldsinEuropet
B.ClimateChangeandWheatYieldst
C.StatisticalEvidenceofClimateChanget
D.SimulatedExperimentsonRiverFlowt
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Itisimportanttodetecttrendsintotalozoneorriverflow.t
B.Ittakesdecadestodetectclimatechangestatistically.t
C.Whatismoreimportantistoplanadaptationmeasuresagainstbadeffectsofclimatechange.t
D.Wheatyieldiscloselyrelatedtoclimate.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究,在歐洲高小麥產(chǎn)量最需要的是……”。文章第一段前三句提到WheatyieldinEuropeishighlysensitivetonaturalvariabilityintemperatureandrainfall.Inthesesimulations,climatechangealoneby2050resultsinsignificantincreasesinyieldunderbothscenariosonlyinthreenorthernEuropeancountries.ButaddingestimatedeffectsofhigherCO2concentrationsonplantgrowthincreasesthatyieldsconsiderably,withyieldincreasesnowbeingsignificantinallofthetencountriesincludedinthestudy.(歐洲的小麥產(chǎn)量對(duì)溫度和降雨的自然變化高度敏感;在這些模擬中,在兩種情景下,僅有氣候變化,到2050年就會(huì)只有三個(gè)北歐國(guó)家的產(chǎn)量顯著增加;但是,增加更高的二氧化碳濃度對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的估計(jì)影響,會(huì)顯著增加產(chǎn)量,研究中包括的所有10個(gè)國(guó)家的產(chǎn)量現(xiàn)在都顯著增加),溫度、降雨量和二氧化碳都包括在自然氣候變化里,它們都能提高小麥產(chǎn)量,但是添加更多的二氧化碳濃度能使所有10個(gè)國(guó)家的產(chǎn)量顯著增加,所以A項(xiàng)“更高溫度”、B項(xiàng)“大降雨量”和D項(xiàng)“自然氣候變化”都不選,C項(xiàng)“更高的二氧化碳濃度”符合題意。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“當(dāng)我們……需要有很高的可信度”。第四段第二句提到Detectability,usedasevidenceofclimatechange,arguablyrequiresahighlevelofconfidence,say,atthe95%or99%level.(可探測(cè)性,作為氣候變化的證據(jù),可以說(shuō)需要很高的可信度,比如95%或99%的水平),由此可知B項(xiàng)“使用可探測(cè)性作為氣候變化的證據(jù)”正確。第四段最后一句指出Ontheotherhand,ifwetakeitasagiventhatclimatechangeisoccurring,andweareseekingusefuladviceastowhattheconsequencesmightbe,alowerlevelofconfidencemaysuffice.(另一方面,如果我們認(rèn)為氣候變化正在發(fā)生,并且我們正在尋求有用的建議,了解可能的后果,低一點(diǎn)的信心可能就足夠了)可知A項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為氣候變化正在發(fā)生是理所當(dāng)然的”不正確;C項(xiàng)“決定信息是否對(duì)決策者有用”,文中沒(méi)有提到關(guān)于決定信息是否對(duì)決策者有用的可信度,所以C項(xiàng)不選;D項(xiàng)“估計(jì)小麥產(chǎn)量增加的范圍”文章沒(méi)有提及。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為了確定氣候變化可能帶來(lái)的未來(lái)影響,科學(xué)家們……”。最后一段第一句指出Studiesofthelengthofadatasetisnecessarytodetectarealchangeinthemeanagainstabackgroundofvariability,forexamplefordetectionoftrendsintotalozoneorriverflow,indicatethatevenifthechangeisreal,itmayneedtohavehappenedfordecadesbeforeitcanbeshownstatisticallytohaveoccurred.(研究數(shù)據(jù)集的長(zhǎng)度是必要的,以檢測(cè)在變化的背景下的平均值的真正變化,例如檢測(cè)總臭氧或河流量的趨勢(shì),表明即使這種變化是真實(shí)的,它可能需要幾十年的時(shí)間才能被統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái))由此可知,為了確定氣候變化可能帶來(lái)的未來(lái)影響,可能需要花費(fèi)幾十年的時(shí)間來(lái)統(tǒng)計(jì),故B項(xiàng)“可能花費(fèi)數(shù)年的時(shí)間來(lái)獲取和分析有效的統(tǒng)計(jì)證據(jù)”正確。A項(xiàng)“只需要一個(gè)理想化的實(shí)驗(yàn)室”和D項(xiàng)“建立新的氣候模型”文章未提及;C項(xiàng)“計(jì)劃氣候變化發(fā)生后的適應(yīng)措施”,文章最后一句話提到whatisneededtoidentifyfuture“dangerous”levelsofclimatechange,ortoplanadaptationmeasures,isanestimateofchangesintheprobabilityofsucheffectsbeforetheyhappen.(要確定未來(lái)氣候變化的“危險(xiǎn)”水平,或計(jì)劃適應(yīng)措施,所需要的是在這些影響發(fā)生之前估計(jì)其發(fā)生可能性的變化),可知要想計(jì)劃氣候變化發(fā)生后的適應(yīng)措施,在此之前需要估計(jì)其發(fā)生的可能性,也就是需要花費(fèi)幾十年來(lái)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
第4題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題?”。通讀文章可知,文章主要講述氣候變化對(duì)歐洲小麥產(chǎn)量的影響,故B項(xiàng)“氣候變化與小麥產(chǎn)量”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“歐洲提高小麥產(chǎn)量的方法”,這是探索氣候變化與小麥產(chǎn)量的一個(gè)過(guò)程,不能概括全文;C項(xiàng)“氣候變化的統(tǒng)計(jì)證據(jù)”和D項(xiàng)“河流流量模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)”都只是部分提及,比較片面。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“從最后一段我們可以了解到什么?”。A項(xiàng)“檢測(cè)總臭氧或河流流量的趨勢(shì)是重要的”只是文章中的一個(gè)例子,不能夠表達(dá)原文意思;B項(xiàng)“用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法檢測(cè)氣候變化需要幾十年的時(shí)間”,表達(dá)太過(guò)絕對(duì),文中只是提到itmayneedtohavehappenedfordecades(這可能需要幾十年的時(shí)間);C項(xiàng)“更重要的是制定應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化不利影響的適應(yīng)措施”,表述不正確,根據(jù)文章最后一句話whatisneededtoidentifyfuture“dangerous”levelsofclimatechange,ortoplanadaptationmeasures,isanestimateofchangesintheprobabilityofsucheffectsbeforetheyhappen.(要確定未來(lái)氣候變化的“危險(xiǎn)”水平,或計(jì)劃適應(yīng)措施,所需要的是在這些影響發(fā)生之前估計(jì)其發(fā)生可能性的變化)可知,更為重要的是能夠預(yù)測(cè)這些氣候變化對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量帶來(lái)的影響;D項(xiàng)“小麥產(chǎn)量與氣候密切相關(guān)”符合原文。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
23.單選題
Sheis()tothecostuntiltragedyaltersherlifeandthelivesofthosearoundher.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ignorant
B.oblivious
C.unaware
D.unmindful
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ignorant“無(wú)知的,愚昧的”;B選項(xiàng)oblivious“健忘的,不注意的”;C選項(xiàng)unaware“未察覺(jué)的”;D選項(xiàng)unmindful“漫不經(jīng)心的”。句意:直到悲劇改變了她和周圍人的生活,她才意識(shí)到代價(jià)的存在。能和介詞to搭配的只有B選項(xiàng),beobliviousto是固定搭配,意為“不在意的;不以為意的”,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
24.單選題
Herfamilytakes()overherwork.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.percentage
B.priority
C.perspect
D.preparation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)percentage“百分比;百分率”;B選項(xiàng)priority“優(yōu)先;優(yōu)先權(quán)”;C選項(xiàng)perspect“專輯名稱”;D選項(xiàng)preparation“預(yù)備;準(zhǔn)備。句意:對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō),家庭比工作重要。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意,takepriorityoversth.優(yōu)先考慮,優(yōu)先于某事。
25.單選題
AttitudesonthetwosidesintheRevolutionaryWarprecludedthepossibilityofapeacefulsolution.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.presaged
B.prejudiced
C.anticipated
D.prevented
【答案】D
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:雙方對(duì)美國(guó)革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的態(tài)度決定了不可能通過(guò)和平的方式解決問(wèn)題。
presage:預(yù)感,預(yù)言。prejudice:偏見(jiàn)。anticipate:預(yù)期,期望。prevent:阻止,妨礙,。preclude:阻止,妨礙,排除。故選D。
26.單選題
ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater.StoneBrewing,alargecraftbrewingoperationheadquarteredinEscondido,presenteditsFullCirclePaleAletocuriouscustomersataneventlatelyinSanDiego.
Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego’,togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021.Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’,seemedtobequitepositive,SFGatereported.
SanDiegomayorKevinFaulconertoldtheTimesthatthebrewwas'fantastic'andadded:There'snobetterwaytohighlightthepurityofthiswater.Otherpatronssaidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew.
HetoldABC10:'AmongthepalealesthatI'vemade,it'sprobablyinthetopthree.'Thebeerwasmadewiththreemaltsandthreehopsandhas'carameland'tropicalfruit'notes.Therecycledwateronlyneededsomesaltsbeforebrewing.Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions.
StoneBrewinghopestomaketheFullCirclePaleAleavailablesoon.
1.StoneBrewingissuccessfulinmakinga().
2.Thepublicrespondtothebeeris().
3.SteveGonzalez().
4.“PureWaterSanDiego”isto().
5.StoneBrewingis().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.recycledwaterbeer
B.sewagewaterbeer
C.toiletwaterbeer
D.tapwaterbeer
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.doubtful
B.passive
C.positive
D.curious
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.madethreebeerswiththreemaltsandthreehops.
B.saidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.
C.presentedthebrewtocuriouscustomersinSanDiego.
D.madethebrewthoughdoubtfulatfirst.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.treatallwaterby2021
B.recycleathirdofwaterby2021
C.purifyitwaterby2021
D.makeathirdofwaterby2021
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.goodatusingdifferentwatersources.
B.positiveinusingdifferentwatersources.
C.recyclingdifferentwatersources.
D.usedtousingdifferentwatersources.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater(南加州的一家啤酒廠用處理過(guò)的污水成功地測(cè)試了一種啤酒),第二段還指出:Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewater(這種新的麥芽酒是用經(jīng)過(guò)循環(huán)處理的污水制成的)。因此,A項(xiàng)“循環(huán)水啤酒”正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’,seemedtobequitepositive(一些人稱之為“馬桶到水龍頭”的啤酒反響似乎還不錯(cuò)),因此C項(xiàng)“積極的,肯定的”正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew(斯通釀酒公司負(fù)責(zé)釀造和創(chuàng)新的高級(jí)經(jīng)理史蒂夫?qū)_雷斯(SteveGonzalez)創(chuàng)造了這款啤酒,并表示他一開(kāi)始很懷疑。但當(dāng)他試著沖泡時(shí),所有的疑慮都消除了)。因此D項(xiàng)“一開(kāi)始對(duì)這款啤酒心存懷疑”正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“PureWaterSanDiego”定位至第二段:Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego,togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021(這款新啤酒用的是處理過(guò)的回收污水,是圣地亞哥市“凈水圣地亞哥”計(jì)劃的一部分,目標(biāo)是在2021年前實(shí)現(xiàn)三分之一的用水為回收水)。因此,B項(xiàng)“到2021年,回收三分之一的水”正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions(加州極度缺水,因此釀酒廠常使用不同的水源,而這些水質(zhì)也相應(yīng)地有區(qū)別)。因此選D項(xiàng)“常使用不同水源”。
27.單選題
Morecarewill(
)youagainstmakingsomanymistakes.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ensure
B.guarantee
C.convince
D.assure
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。convince意為“使相信,說(shuō)服,使承認(rèn)”,ensure、guarantee和assure都含有“保證”的意思。ensure指確保某種行為一定會(huì)發(fā)生;guarantee指對(duì)某事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為“提出擔(dān)?!?,對(duì)事物、商品等質(zhì)量、性能等方面的欺詐行為做出保證;assure指向某人保證某事一定會(huì)發(fā)生(內(nèi)含有讓某人放心之意,以消除疑慮)assuresb.ofsth/assuresb.that...
句意:多加小心會(huì)確保你不會(huì)犯這么多的錯(cuò)誤。
28.單選題
Ifwe______ourdifferencefactions,thentogetherwecangainthemajorityinthelegislature.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.amalgamate
B.manifest
C.alienate
D.deviate
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.amalgamate(使)合并;聯(lián)合B.manifest清楚顯示(尤指情感、態(tài)度或品質(zhì)),表明
C.alienate使疏遠(yuǎn);使不友好D.deviate背離;偏離
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞together(一起)可推知,______ourdifferencefactions表示的是“把不同的派別合并起來(lái)”,因此該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。
【句意】如果我們把不同的派別合并起來(lái),那么我們就能在立法機(jī)構(gòu)中獲得多數(shù)席位。
29.單選題
Herhusbandisinterestedindesigningelectronic(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.management
B.safety
C.devices
D.routine
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。management“管理,經(jīng)營(yíng)”;safety“安全”;device“設(shè)備”;routine“例行公事,常規(guī)”。electronicdevices“電子設(shè)備”。句意:她丈夫?qū)υO(shè)計(jì)電子設(shè)備感興趣。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。
30.單選題
W:Wouldyoulikemetogetyousometea?
M:Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.
Q:Whatdoesthemanwant?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Todrinkteainawhile.
B.Toprepareteahimself.
C.Togetthewomansometealater.
D.Todrinksomethingelse.
【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)男士的回答“Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.現(xiàn)在不用,謝謝??赡芤粫?huì)兒會(huì)需要?!笨芍狝選項(xiàng)‘一會(huì)兒再喝’正確。
31.單選題
Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,()thesamecompany.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.allelse
B.muchworse
C.letalone
D.lesslikely
【答案】C
【解析】句意:如今越來(lái)越少的工人期望在工作生涯中都一直在同樣的領(lǐng)域工作,更不必說(shuō)一直在同樣的公司工作。
考查短語(yǔ)辨析。allelse其他所有;muchworse更糟糕的是;letalone更不用說(shuō),聽(tīng)任,不打擾;lesslikely最不可能的是,較少可能??崭袂昂蟊硎具f進(jìn),故選C。
32.單選題
Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusasagooddealaboutthewearer'sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.
Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmaimer,regardlessoftheperson'seducation,background,orinterests.
Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertain
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