考研資訊：考研英語歷年真題精析

考研資訊二》考研英語歷年真題精析(2003—2009)NoOOl.2009年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語一試題及參考答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)In1924American*NationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floor1ignting_1—workersproductivity.Instead,thestudiesended_2givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect**,theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery 3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.Theideaarosebecauseofthe_4behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingto_5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot_6whatwasdoneintheexperiment; 7_sometingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n) 8 thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9 toalterworkers'behavior10 itself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere_11_toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore_12_thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic_13—wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto_14—interpretationofwhathapped._15 ,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output_16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand_17—toriseforthenextcoupleofdays._18_,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers_19—tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before_20_aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged**Hawthorneeffect“ishardtopindown.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliarto[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source[A]disputable[B]enlightening[Cjreliable[D]misleading[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text2Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazon,comreceivedoneforits“one-click“onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.Nowthenation,stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDennis'D.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.MCurbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt*sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider“itsstatestreetBankruling.TheFederalCircuit'sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCountthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions“thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactingtotheanti_patenttrendatthesupremecourt”,saysHaroleC.wegner,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseoftheirlimitedvaluetobusinesstheirconnectionwithassetallocationthepossiblerestrictionontheirgrantingthecontroversyoverauthorizationWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?ItsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisionsItinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransactionIthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuitItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.Theword“about-face”(Line1,Paro3)mostprobablymeanslossofgoodwillincreaseofhostilitychangeofattitudeenhancementofdignityWelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatentsareimmunetolegalchallengesareoftenunnecessarilyissuedlowertheesteemforpatentholdersincreasetheincidenceofrisksWhichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatentsProtectionforbusiness-methodpatentholdersAlegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatentsAprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatentsText3InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmAladuellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread.Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“twostepflowofcommunication^:Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmal1groupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.AnecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrendsIntheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon,tseemtoberequiredofall.Theresearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence-eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople'sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Ourworkshowsthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatwecall“globalcascades”一thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks-isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople,eachofwhomadopts,say,alookorabrandafterbeingexposedtoasingleadoptingneighbor.Regardlessofhowinfluentialanindividualislocally,heorshecanexertglobalinfluenceonlyifthiscriticalmassisavailabletopropagateachainreaction.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics[B]discussinfluentials,functioninspreadingideas[C]exemplifypeople,sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials.Theauthorsuggeststhattheatwo-step-flowtheory”[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvaliditywhattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthatthepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractionsinterpersonal1inkscanbeenhancedthroughthemediainfluentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublicmostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattentionTheunderlinedphraseuthesepeoplewinparagraph4referstotheoneswhostayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluencehavelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluenceareinfluencedandtheninfluenceothersareinfluencedbytheinitialinfluentialwhatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted[B]Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced[D]TheinclinationtorelyonothersText4Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit'sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunately,banks'lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America'sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatement.BobHerz,theFASB'schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho“questionourmotives.Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppolitelycalls“theuseofjudgmentbymanagement.MEuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.CharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid“notliveinapoliticalvacuum"but"intherealword“andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbank'ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwi11notsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America'snewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityformspecialinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto[A]followunfavorableassetevaluationrules[B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers[D]reevaluatesomeoftheirassets.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement[B]therevivalofthebankingsystem[C]thebanks,long-termassetlosses[D]theweakeningofitsindependenceAccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB'sattemptto[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences.[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers.[C]actontheirowninrule-setting.[D]takegradualmeasuresinreform.Theauthorthinksthebankswereaonthewrongplanet“inthatthey[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets?neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts.[D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets.Theauthor,sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPartBDirections:ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdosenotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSIIEET1.(10points)Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout;theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby2005.Thisdevelopmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope,comparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.Meanwhile,astherecessionisloominglarge,peoplearegettinganxious.Theytendtokeepatighterholdontheirpurseandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative.RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsareatastandstill,leavingEuropeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow.Mostleadingretailershavealreadytriede-commerce,with1imitedsuccess,andexpansionabroad.Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrinkmarket?Definitelynot.Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexibletrendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer,ratherthantheseller,todecidewhattobuy.Atanyrate,thischangewillultimatelybeacclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.Allinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscale,existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges,logistics,andmarketingintelligence.RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole.Closerinspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheircustomersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividualfoodanddrinkcategories.BigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutentrenchedcompetitors.Newskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeencloselyexamined-France,Germany,Italy,andSpain-aremadeoutofthesamebuiIdingblocks.Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains,aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon'teatathome.Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeas“horeca”:hotels,restaurants,andcafes.Overall,Europe'swholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,butthefigures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposingtrends.Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFrance,Germany,Italy,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdomin2000-morethan40percentofretailsales.Moreover,averageoveral1marginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften;andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.However,noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andevensomelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,forthosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains.41 42f43-44—Ef45PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit.Weinvertexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem,theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet,(47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon“worthless“species.Somespeciesoftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartybyeconomics-mindedforestersbecausetheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaletopayasimebercrops(49)InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,thenon-commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.(50)Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Withouttheuneconomicpats.SectionHIWritingPartADirections:Youaresupposedtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruitvolunteersforaninternationalconferenceonglobalization,youshouldconcludethebasicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkrelative.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Usewpostgraduateassociation^instead.PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(20points)文化“火wr.既美味又營養(yǎng)2009年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試參考答案SectionIUseofEnglish1—5BADBC6—10ADCBD11—15DBCDA16—20CBAACSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA21—25CDAAA26—30ACDAB31—35DBBAC36—40BBDACPartB41—45CEABGPartC.可以說，任何社會制度的價值在于它對擴(kuò)大和改進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面的影響，但是這種影響并不是它原來的動機(jī)的一部分。.一種制度的副產(chǎn)品，只是逐步被注意到的,而這種效果被視為實(shí)施這種制度的一個指導(dǎo)性因素更加緩慢得多。.在和他們接觸的時候,雖然容易忽略我們的行動對他們的傾向的影響，但是也不像與成年人打交道那么簡單。.既然我們的主要任務(wù)在于使年輕人參與共同生活，我們禁不住考慮我們是否在形成獲得這種能力的力量。.因此，我們可以在上面所考慮的廣闊的教育過程之內(nèi)區(qū)別出一種比較正規(guī)的教育，即直接的教導(dǎo)或?qū)W校教育。SectionHIWritingPartA.應(yīng)用文參考范文Deareditor,Iamwritingthislettertoadviseyouofthepressingsituationwearefacingnow.Asweknow,beingaccustomedtousingplasticbaginourdailylife,someofusstilltakethe“whitepollution"forgranted.Plasticbaghasbecometheindispensiblepartofourlife,andthe“whitepollution“nowisaubiquitousphenomenon,whichgreatlyworsensourenvironment.

Tosavethesituationfromfurtheraggravating,Iwouldliketosuggestthat:firstly,ourgovernmentshouldmakeasetoflawstopunishthegroupsandindividualswhoarestillpollutingtheenvironment;secondly,newtechnologiesshouldbeusedtoproducedegradableandrenewablematerials;thirdly,thelocalmediacanmakeful1useofitsowninfluencetointensifythepublicityinordertoenhancepeople'sawarenessofenvironment.Ihopethatmysuggestionsarehelpful,thankyouforyourattention!Sincerelyyours,LiMingPartB52.短文寫作參考范文Inthedrawing,whatfirstappearsinfrontofusisahugespiderweb,onwhichinnumerablepeopleareattached,likethecatchoftheowneroftheweb.Whatismoreironicistheyareimprisonedinrespectivecabins,choosingcontactingonlineratherthancommunicatingfacetoface.ThereisnodoubtthattheInternetprovidesuswithconsiderableconvenience.However,itdrivestoomanyindividualstobeaddictedtothefictionalexperience,andhenceforgetthetraditionalandmostefficientcommunicationmethod.Indifferencehasbecomeanotuncommonphenomenoninthemodernworld.Thefollowingreasonsmaybecontributetothephenomenon.Tobeginwith,peopleinmountingnumbers,whoarevividlycallednetters,indulgeinon-lineactivities,becausescienceandtechnologydevelopstoofastforpeopletoadapttoit.TheInternet,inparticular,movingforwardwithanunimaginablespeed,providespeoplewithaconvenienttoolofgettingintouchwithothers,whichlacksweighingitscorrectness.Moreover,thefiercecompetitionalsoplaysaroleofforcingpeopletofearthesituation,whichresultsinpeople'shabitofwallowingintheunrealworld.Hence,itisthehightimethatwehighlightedtheimperativeofface-to-facecommunicationbetweenpeople.Thejointeffortsofthespecialists,thenettersandtheeducatorsareneededtocultivatethewholesocietywiththeessentiality.Onlyinthiswaycanweexpectahealthydevelopmentoftherelationshipamongindividuals.No002.2008年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題及參考答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedMuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thattheothers,butexplainsthein8areaparticularpeoplenaturalselection.12-15pointsabovethe10onegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthanprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.ThegrouporiginatedfromcentralEurope.TheprocessisThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,9valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18.theothers,butexplainsthein8areaparticularpeoplenaturalselection.12-15pointsabovethe10[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question[A]attaining[B]common[C]mean[D]calculating[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionate1y[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown[A]assessing[B]supervisi