Austens Moral Concern in Sense and Sensibility《理智與情感》英語論文

摘要道德是簡奧斯丁小說中的中心要素。作為進入公眾目光第一部奧斯丁小說，為了理解奧斯丁從而應(yīng)該得到更多的注意和精力,《理智與情感》不僅僅是道德準則中的一個簡單的問題而是應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)人們的生活斯丁并不是認為道德準則不該遵循也不是因為我們的判斷經(jīng)常被我們的期望而影響而是它并不只是個簡單而易懂的事情。許多世紀后期出版的行為書籍提出規(guī)則意味著控制行為。這些行為書籍指出那些遵守禮貌和道德的女人是有道德的并且應(yīng)被獎賞。個體特征婚姻家庭和社會是到研究這部小說角色的焦點所在在分析奧斯丁關(guān)于婚姻宗教和長子繼承權(quán)的觀點的基礎(chǔ)上這篇論文為研究這部小說運用了文學(xué)倫理學(xué)批評的方法目的是為了尋找其中的道德感并且最終了解奧斯丁的道德觀。關(guān)鍵詞：道德感；簡奧斯?。焕碇桥c情感AbstractMoralityacentralelementinJanesnovel.,asfirstofnovelstoenterlightofattentionintounderstandthoughnotasaofmoralthatoughttoItnotthatdoesnotthinkthattheremoralthatthatitasimplenotbecauseisinfluencedbyourdesires.ManyconductbooksinmeantThesebookssuggestedtherulesforwouldbebothgoodIndividualfamilysocietyaretotheinthenovel.BasedontheanalysisofJaneAustinsviewreligionandprimogeniture,thisusesethicalliterarycriticismapproachinfindmoralinitseemorality.KeywordsmoralAusten;andSensibilityContentsChapter1...................................................................................................41.1IntroductionAusten....................................................................................1.2IntroductionSenseand......................................................................Chapter2Austen’onreligion,...........2.1JaneAusten’sviewpointson2.2Austenviewpointonreligion........................................................................2.3Austen’sviewpointprimogeniture...................................................................14Chapter3literaryenvironmentofthenovel.............3.1criticism........................................................................................173.2environmentofnovel..........................................................................18.....................................................................................................................23References......................................................................................................................24Acknowledgements...............................................................！未定義書。ththChapter1Introduction1.1toJaneAustenIn19

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century,severalEnglishnoveliststhatheadedbywholiteraturenamedCriticalButwomennovelistssteppedonthestageofliteratureassecondhalfofthe18century.brilliantcontributedofofAusten.JaneAustenwasonDecember16,1775,ininEngland,wheresheyearsofyouth.AftertwoattemptstofindagoodforAustendaughters,theyeducatedfromtheresourcesoffatherslibrary,andcertainlywithguidance.Atageabouttwelve,begantowritesomeofthestorieshadprobablytoldCassandraintheyshared.Shethestoriesintothreemanuscriptbookswhich“First,“Second”and“Third”Atfifteen,writingisalreadymarkedbycharacteristicneatstylishnesscrispirony.1795-6,began“Impression”,firstdraftofPridePrejudice.italoudtofamilyithersomuchthathetoaLondonofferingtoHowever,offerwasrefused.In1801JanewithherherBath,whereuntilafterthedeathofinWithLloyd,lifelongsheonfromtoInJulyallfourtoChawton,inwhereremaineduntilMayshetoofillhealth.diedunmarriedon18,1817,buriedinFourofherSenseand,PrideMasfieldParkpublishedshewasChawton.twootherNorthangerPersuasionwerebroughtoutin1817,afewmonthsherdeath.Inhershortlifetimeof41shewentoutthecircleofherOflifewassingularlybarren:fewandnogreateventhesmoothcurrentofitscourse(J.E.1991:oflimitedfieldofversionfocusedtheordinarylifetheassociationtheso-calledrespectablemiddle-classinvillagessheHerworknevertoucheduponofviolence,dramatictragedieswhichtheinthepastdelightinwhatsheconcernedinvillagefamilies,comicexperiencegirlshuntingforThedaughtersinPrideandDashwoodinSenseandSmithinarealllikethat.livingthroughtheperiodoftheRevolution,thishistoricalinfluenceonworksinarealloflyrical“Austenishappyfollowthemakeofmarryinghertonotablyaboveinandprestige”&Austenveryofworkscriticizedbyandwriters.Brontedemurredthat“hardlylivewithladiesandgentlemenintheirbut”(Zhu50).Browningthat“Austenssoulslackofdepthand”.(Ibid,P5)However,thosewhoherpraisedhighlyforherfineart.BritishwriterVirginiaWoolfsaidinherfamousRoomofOne:“allgreatnovelists,difficultcatchinactofgreatnessReallysubjectmattersAustenslimitedtoanarrowfield,inthissmallfieldshelingeredherlife.ThusknewitclearlyandthoroughlythatsheabilityconditionfirstofBritishrealisticincentury.Sheremainsconcernedwithsocialrealityoflife.Inlifeinnovels,Austenupinworldoftheworldsmalltowns,countryhouses,occupiedbygentryrelation,Anglicanwithmodestlivingsfamilies,thesecondandthethirdsonsofnoblefamilies,relativesofmilitaryespeciallynavalofficers.“CwasofafactoflifeforAusten,anoffinebetweensociallevelanotherwasnecessarypartofasawriterofrealisticfiction”&115).AllAustensworksaofvalues.Herfatherwasacountrychurchman;hisfamilyremainedfaithfulthroughoutlives,wentregularlytoitforthatshouldsincere,disinterestedunworldly,andvirtueshouldbebysensegoodtaste.beliefsfundamentaltoherwork.InSenseandSensibility,thefirstofhertopublished,impetuousMarianne,bytheheart,iswithherElinorthattheshouldbebygoodsenseandmoralAustenpreparedlaughatwhoittolivebytheir

”30).andPrejudicefoolishnessoftrustingtoimpressionswhichunderstandingandAustenintheperiodbetweentheeighteenthcenturies,shebelongedmuchthethanthecentury.Threeofnovelswerebeforeandbetween1812and“EnglishinthelargelyofofruralcommunicationsinfashionfromthegreathousebyanumberofgentrythewhoownedhisauthorityprestigeofMonaghan,1980:1)Together,ownedmoreofalllandinThatis,thethattimeinweremostimportantsocialhistorymanyInstheinheritanceofontheofJustonlytheeldestsoncanapeerage,thebulkofwoulddescendthesamesystem.1.2SenseandSensibilitySenseandanovelbyJaneAustenthatfirstpublishedin1811.IttwoElinorThedeathofMr.forcesandtolivewithgreatlyfamilylefttoasonbytheirfirstareforcedtoNorland,homeinSussex,totoaontheofSirMiddleton,ofBartonParkinsprudenceitwillopportunitiestoFerrars,amiableofhersister-in-lawheirtolargeestate.AtBarton,meetsfallsinloveJohnWilloughby,ofBothElinorthatEdwardFerrarshaslongbeentheambitiousHisofwillneverhimengagement,henolongerher.abruptlyfromhim.shefindsouthemarriedawealthysheill.Brandon,aneighborformdoesintoMeanwhileloseshisandLucySteelesuddenlywithhisnowheir.freenow,EdwardproposestoElinor,theheloved.recoversfromeventuallylovesteady,Brandon.enseandthefirstofAusten’snovelstobepublished,underthedonym“ALady.Elinorwithoppositetemperaments.Traditionally,ithasbeenviewedthat19-year-oldElinor,daughter,represents“sense”ofthetitle,andMarianne,whois17,represents“sensibility(emotion).HoweverthisviewisarestrictingOninspectionofnovelitbeeachsisterdifferentofeachcharacteristic.aretheofhissecondwife.Theyhaveayoungersister,Margaret,andolderhalf-brothernamedWhenfatherthefamilyestatepassestoJohnandwomenareleftarelativetoonnovelfollowstotheirhome,wheretheyexperiencebothromanceandheartbreak.Thecontrastbetweenthesisters’isaseachfindlovenovelshareswithworksJaneisalwaysconcernedwiththeandissuesandvariationsonplot,inwhichrusticgentlemenandladiestriflesbeencomprehensivelyrecorded.Austenrealisticwhoactsanopponentwhichhasdominatedliteratureforalmostyears.JaneAusteneyepeoplenearbytheirlifevividlyaofviewinnovel:heisasofferingmoral,inrepresentingonoflife,ofdiscreetquietgoodonhand,susceptibilityonother.Thisatemptinglywayinwhichtothebutmayifsuchofferafullorofthework.(M.A.D.,Introduction:viii)Weseethatfirsttimeofthisappearance,hasbeenatopicourCopelandMcmasterconcludedthat“itsemphasisuponthewellasthecostsself-commandmadeit(SenseSensibility)mostorthodoxnovelmorally”(2002:19).ChapterJanesviewpointsonreligion,2.1viewpointsInherAustenwelldescribedoftheunmarried’pursuitsinherOfcourse,thesedescriptionsagreatwellassomecriticisms.Whateversheconsideredas,opinion,shesensibleviewonmarriage.Maybeviewnotadvancednowadays.However,inininshepossessedafarattitudemarriagebeyondcontemporaries.Atthattime,women’ssocialstatuswasverylow.Livinginaconfinedcircle,theycouldn’tfindanyjobunlesstheywouldliketobecomeaAsalife,itwasveryimportantforthemtoawealthyman.So,atformostmarriageablegirls,marriagejustawaytolivestableMoneyfactorinconditioningaWithakeenofAustencriticalviewonthismoney-orientedmarriage.Astoofwoman,JanethatthereshouldbeabetweeninequalneedofloveinThenovelofSenseandbringstowithaHollywood’swhichaccountofthe’withMarriagetheroleofforElinorwellMariannespreviouseffortillfromothersinthepilgrimofAstheabovementioned,novelhasexplainedenoughwhytheirconcerntodiverttomarriage.ForbothElinorandMariannetheofdating,oneis19whiletheotherone17old,havegotintoageforpursuitofForanother,theirfamilylostfoundationaftertheirdeath.IntoThealongwithpassionhasgonetheirhalfAstothehasaofhiminthreelongaciduloussentences:wasnotanyoungman,toberatherhearted,ratheristobeill-disposed:hewas,inwellforheconductedhimselfwithintheofduties.Hadhemarriedhehavestillhewas:mightevenbeenhimself;hewhenheofhisMrs.Johnacaricatureofhimself;morenarrow-minedsoonarriveatMr.Johnwrackshistomoneyfromhisstephalfsisters,whileMrs.JohnoverofNorlandestate.Confronedwithsuchanunfriendlycouple,widowedmotherdaughtershaveBartonwhichrelative,JohnNowweshouldbeconvincedwellofthatenvironmentbeoneexplanationfortheirseekafterawealthytoescapefinancialdilemmalife.MoneyhasalwaysroleinmarriageofJaneAustensladieshasavividdescriptioninSenseand.Austennovelcreationsocialfromarealisticsosheevenconsideredasaninnovelareabletoenjoyaswellassadnessfromlove,butnotentirelycomposedofwithrealisticasafeguard.NeitherofElinorMariannesloveaffairesgoeswithoutbutnorofgoescommonness.Ifiswhichcancalleditwillwithouteffortwithsensedirector.isamishapinbothElinorMarianneprocess,ofthemsolvedwithperfection.BetweenElinorherthereisanoshallow,ignoranthypocriticalthisladyLucyadvantageinwithElinorbecauseofengagementwithElinorbysintentionalrevelation,withpretendstobecalmnessforshetherefinancialbetweenthem,anotheralwaysfondhermarriageatoMarianne,bythenotionofloveandvisionalatfirst.fallsinlovewithWilloughbyatthefirstherignitedsoonaftertheirconnectionMarianneWilloughbyhishandsomefigureofainNoneofthemconcernedwithmoney,butWilloughbysdepartureatlastheinterestfromawealthylovefromromanticgirl.ThenovelgoestothatMariannesistonoheisdandy.experienceshardshipoffailureinlove,sherecoversassoonasdiscloseofsviciousownsufferinginMariannealmostshebeginstofollowtoindulgenceinwithlifewithsense.ThebetweenElinorColonelBrandondemonstratedontheoffirstcouplesEdwardbecomesarectorhasnoworryfinancialproblem.ColonelBrandonsfromhispersistenceinwellashisInhisofheanythingcharmingtomentionhiseventhinksthisdullmiddle-agedgentlemanisnotsuitableforlove.Whatsisthatnocluetotheirpossibilityforloveexceptold’rumorColonelBrandonsexpressiontoElinor.ConflictsinSenseandtobeinpracticalwaymarriagethebetweensensibility.inSenseandSensibilityarewillinggainhappinessthroughbutnoneofthemtoriskatjumpingtheirorbringinganyloss.InspointoftheDashwoodsistersbutnotsecularlygenuineofhumanintheircharacteristics,whichareaofidealandreal.toDashwoodsisters,Lucyseculargirlswillanyopportunitytotheycommunicatingwiththewealthy.activitiesfromtheywillformcalledforgivenessbecausetheirinpersonalitybutinsocialfactorshavewomanrightsinheritorfinancialindependence.Therefore,thegoalforladies,inwhichmoneyanrole.2.2viewpointReligionofcentralideologicalinterestAustenhasbeenlongso.AustentotheChurchofAnglicanChurch,establishedchurchincentury.theologyandareabetweenCatholicismnon-CalvinistAnglicantheologyisArminian,rejectingtheCalvinistdoctrineofpredestinationaffirmingbyacombinationoftruefaithandgoodwork,willButtheresomewhorejectofestablisheditstheology,however,knownas“”“”excludedfromcivilrights.Theseinequalitiesresultinsocial,cultural,andpoliticaltensionthatacrisisinAustensInSenseandarefictitious,drawnfromcontemporarylife,relativelyinnumber,mostlyfrommiddlepoorDashwoodsistershaveenjoyhavebeentheofNorlandBrandonJohnarerealEdwardapriestastableadditionallyarerichwhobeeninItalifefullofordinaryteas,dances,visits,picnics,journeys,activities.Theirliveswerecommonplace.groupofgentryofsimilaroriginlifeenableAustentosmoraldeliberationscommitmentsthroughofcharacterinstarkbetweenElinorthesisters.theofinthegothicfiction,andregionalnovels,promotereformingthatareforwardby“DissentersThusthisnovelcanbeimplythatorimportantsocialmeaningisnotbutamongtheprofessionalmiddlesherepresents,towhichherfriendsMoreover,bykeepingrelativelyrangeofAustenconcentratessocialdiscernmentethicalindailylifeandruralsociety.isasofsuchsocialspaceisthetypicaloftheAnglicanInofcurrentsocialAustensdomesticlifenotawayfromreligionbecauseisarector.thisisadriveforhertoEdwardainSenseandcannotmakethatisthemodelforbutsomefromlifeinwritingrectorvividnessaccuracy.theplotofSenseandcanbeasfromanAnglicanviewpoint,betweenformstheirTheofAnglicantheologyGodhasofpredestinationtobutthatstillhavefreewillbesavedordamned,thatworksareusefulfaithmore,thatneithernorcansalvationwithoutinterventionofgrace,divinepower,infusingtheindividuallifeactions.plotnovelisresolvedbytheprotagonistrationalwillnortheforceofsystemicindividualdesignnorbyaofwillcircumstance.InAustenlinkstheplotformtodifferentofprotagonists,thepassive,inalteration.butsomewhatunexpectedly,PassiveElinor,toact,toendureratheruntilcircumstancesunexpectedlyreceivehappiness.ForMarianneturningpointrecoverfromindulgenceinsadnessresortinglikeherwhichcanbeseenasanofinbelief.Elinorpracticeshumilityself-abnegationbycharacters,theactionofLucybringshappiness.activeherselfofjudgmentcorrectnessofbothsanctionedbyaformofwill.Infact,repeatedly,dangerously,untilshesomeorratherhappiness.self-disciplinedself-sacrificingElinorisinseemsdestinedtolosehertoactivelyschemingLucyLucyschemingleadswhatischoice,forhisselfishbrother,therebyElinorbeforself-sacrificeinAustenendeavorstomentionreligiousissuesinnovelformshehernoveltoofreligiousinanimportantofineverydaylocallife.Atlast,Dashwoodarewithend-resultofwhileLucyWilloughbyareofwrongdoings.ispersuasiveargumentsupportAustensapplicationofreligionasatoolfordidacticisminSenseandthishasprovidedthanhappyasitMariannesrecognitionoffallibilityElinorinvirtueintheplotthatguaranteetheirhappiness.turningpointsthatmeritisafortheofAustenlinksplotandanoptimisticbeliefthatself-sacrificingselfishnesscanbeseenasChristiansecularmoralityinsdays.Austensofmeritlackofinevitability,whichfromnovelsofthatLikeotherwritersofAustenrepairdangerousdivisionsbydifferencesofreligioninthenovelseeksrepairthosehowever,fromparticularreligious-politicaltopositionofinvolvedinopenofupperclassesbasedontheteachingofthehistoricEnglishchurch.InsoshecreatescouldbeAnglicanromance.2.3Austenonofinheritancebywhichansonreceives’property.thesubdivisionofestatesdiminishesinternalto(forexample,iftwoinherithouseonecannotaffordtobuytheother’sshare).InWesternEuropeyoungersonsofthenobility,noofinheritingorproperty,obligedtocareersintheForcesinGovernment.Agirltomarriageinfuture.Adowrywasapresentmoney,goods,orsometimesgivebyabride’sfatherherhusband.dowry,however,wasforhisuse,nothers.Adowrytomakegirltopotentialhusband.AitforyoungladytoattractaManygirlsclergyasothersworkedatAsisinSenseandJohntheestatefromhisfatherwhichwillhandachild,nothingtodotheDashwoodsisters.ThisawhichhasenjoyedbyBrandonsbesprivilegeifheinwaysatisfiedbyButsuchsecondasColonelBrandonRobert,havetofamilyboththemindeeditasformergratitudehisinarmy.AstogirlinnovelsuchasElinor,theyallgainlifeinsurancefromtoofnoitcomesfromAustenaattitudefromtheoffortunelessofherInthisheirsarealldespisedforwhetherbehaviorortheirselfishJohnDashwood,BrandonsindifferentRobertFerrarsallgivennegativedescription()Theyareprivilegedinphysicalwealth,buthavetoapprovedothersit.Itisuglyfiguresthattheirrationalityofsocialforareimmoralcanlivecomfortablywhilewhovirtuouswaitforothers’ifhavethesamedesire.Austenhaspurposetothematteroffateshedoesntthatliteratureperiod.HerfocusisputthehindranceoftofirstorareeducatedtoforthissystemwhichtheirpersonalityinAmanendowedwithvirtuewhichisanintegralofhumanButnothingconcerningvirtuehasbeenfoundonbecausetheirsocialobeytherulesbytheirhavebeenfilledwithnotionoftokeepitandhowtoenlargeAgoodlandlordapersonwhocanbringofhispropertynotahasenoughsympathy.canunderstandspettiness,greedmeanness,Brandoncrueltyindifference,sIfnot,hewillisevendestinedtohim.forexample,isbecausehisengagementLucyhishavehismotherhavebeenaschallengetothesecularsocialprinciple.Astohisitbeenimpliedinnovelbecausehenoin

arrangementforhimtocoldbloodtoInfrontofperfectmarriagebetheunionbetweenagentlemanwithaithaswithunderstandingorshareofMiddletonLadyakindofcouple.isasportsmaninterestinhunting,whileLadyaherpartieschildren.Throughoutithardmutualcommunicationbetweenthem,becountry’life.theEdwardElinorconversedalotonsubjectsbutunionexperiencedhardshipMarianneandWilloughbysharelotofininteresttheirloveaffairsinaAllthiscantheiranswersininwhichmoneyfirstconsiderationinhasainfluencepersonalityofthefirstsonshowaboutitsthesecondtheTheyhavenopressureandobligationofprimogenituretheychoosetheirownwaytoenjoysspiritualwithhistohiswifeandasaIfhegiveownconvictionandyieldtohismotherwhoaofhewillsecondWilloughby.forvirtuouselementsinheartwhichprovidesworthyElinor.ColonelhislifeaswellasinloveafterofinwhichhasmajorcauseofeventualofMarianneaffection.Italsotoviewedbutinfactwillbecomerichdohavetobowdowntosocialsystems.peoplewithwayofinthattimeandthesetothemostsuccessfulinthearetheoneswereenoughawayfromtheconformity.Chapterandenvironmentthe3.1literarycriticismIntermsofmethodology,literarycriticismanapproachcriticismdevelopedonbasisoftheintroductionoftheassimilationofthetexturecriticalmethods.Itusednotonlytointerpretthemoralrecordedinliteratureondialecticbases,buttomakeofthoseinpresentbasedonmoralinreality.(professoratSchoolofLiberalArtsofForeignLanguages,NormalUniversity)makesapioneeringcomprehensiveexpositionofthenotionofcriticism,itssources,methods,theapplicableareas,practicalrealisticNiethatpreviousweusearetheofwesternapproaches,itisemergentforourpeopletofindourownliterary()Fromofview,literaturetheandexpressionofofbeinginhistory.teachhowtodistinguishrightfrommoralfromEthicalelementtomoralaestheticmeaningofworks.Noonecanbefrommoral,whethertobeagainstitortoincoherencewithWithinworldofordinaryofandmoralstartwithnothing.Wealwaysgiftedaninheritancecriticize,passiton.tothatallworkstheirendowedwithmoralitisnotinconsistencewithbecompletelyobjectiveandnon-moralimpossible.wordsdoitwillhavetowithjudgmentethicalinwillbeimportant.cantheanalysisofbeing.Itprominencecharacteristicsittonewconclusionmakeinnovationalof3.2Withofcriticism,aanalysisofthethe

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ofBritishsociety.ThisawithsocialfinancialsystemsystematicallyinofinmarriageseemfirstofallasastepmaterialprosperityitsThesticksthepettypaysattentiontoindividualmoralanroleinmoralitconnectscloselywithstabilitydevelopment.atthattimemenwerethewereconsideredinferiortoman.ofwomenwasmarriageandproperwastheMeeknesstheforwomen.Womenchancetofromhome,evenasacrificefamily.noincome,somusttotallydependmenandofwomenwereconfinedbymen.So,inAustensnovels,shefacesdirectlymoralindividualismthemiddle-classquestforFromJaneAustensofwomenmaritalondecorum.The“breedingoftenprovidesaforofindividualsininmoralproblem.WhetherwomenhavelivesinthesamemenhaveliveswastheinAustensIntheeighteenthcanthatJanetendedtobelongAristotelianpatternofethicalWewillAusteninSenseSensibilityfromofliterarycriticismindetail.Itstogivemoralitydefinitedefinitioninlonghistoryofhistory.extensionofmoralitychangesawithchangesofsocietyandhumanweshouldknowthatethicalliterarycriticismusednotinliteraturehistoricalanddialecticbasis,buttovalueofthoseinliteraturemoralinreality.So,inanalyzemoralinSenseSensibility,wefocusonthethatwithmorality.The’traitsandtheirmarriagefamilyaremainwewanttoInyearsphilosophersinhaveapproaches,utilitarianismthatrulesJoelJ.claimsethicsinthisway:BritishAmericanethicalinthishavetofocusonsuchwhethertoawhenitistokeepitwhethertokillinnocentmansootherswillsaved.Theisthatofconsistschoicespressurefortunately,ofdohavetomakeallthatoften…matterofethicshas…consistingofinwhichofimportanceisatstakeexplicitlyweighsalternativesandthendecidestoorEthicaltheorieshavebeendesignedwithviewtowardpeoplehowtomakethesedecisions.(JoelJ.12)behaviornotlimitedtodramaticwecanseeinclearoutlineimpactofchoiceorSuchanmakesitseemifrelativelyinfrequent.Occasionsforothers,arenotourregularinteractionswithYetitisininteractionsinwhichwerelativelysmallimpacttheyonTheytoo,sees,moments.Thussheanthatvirtues,emphasizingaspectsofparticularlyself-knowledge,spiritwithinlimits,properpride,intelligenceeducation,thatshebelieveswillserveus,well.Austenfocusesconsiderableattentiononaoftraitsanddispositions:self-knowledge,thelackofit,prudence,selfishnessself-centeredness,sympathy,kindandself-esteem,livelinessbeingdutiful.InandElinorMariannetheheroinesofTheycharacteristics.Obviously,thetraitsofElinorstronglytheinordertodothethesocietyElinorastrengthofofjudgement,whichqualifiedonlynineteen,tobetheofherfrequentlytoadva