初中被動語態(tài)及練習(xí)試題

初優(yōu)選中被動語態(tài)及練習(xí)試題初優(yōu)選中被動語態(tài)及練習(xí)試題初優(yōu)選中被動語態(tài)及練習(xí)試題一、被動語態(tài)歸納語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特別形式，一般來說，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語經(jīng)常用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動意義。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打開了這扇門。（主動語態(tài)）Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開了。（被動語態(tài)）二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也這樣。1、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)較常有的八種，現(xiàn)以動詞clean為例列表說明：1)am/is/are+done(過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般過去時IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone過去完成時Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般將來時Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）shall/willhavebeendone將來完成時TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.、被動語態(tài)的句式變化：以一般在和

invite

例，列表示被的句式化：3、含有情的被情的被構(gòu)：情+be+去分；其及句型的化由情完成，“be+去分”部分不。如：Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石制造。Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.

那桌子可由石制造。（一般去）Cantablesbemadeofstone?

桌子能用石制造？（疑句）三、被的用法：1、不知道或沒有必要指出是作的行者。如：Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.

座是昨年建筑的。Hewaselectedchairman.

他被主席。2、當(dāng)更加作的承受者。此作的行者由

by

引置于此后，不需要能夠省略。如：Theroomhasn'tbeencleanedyet.

房沒有打。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.

老虎被他死了。3、看作的行者不是人，多用被。如：Thewindowwasblownbywind.

窗被吹開了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.

整個農(nóng)村都被洪水沖走了。4、表示客的明常用“

Itis+

去分”句型。一些表示“據(jù)”或“相信”的如

believe,

consider,

expect,

report,

say,suppose,think

等能夠用于句型“

It

＋be＋去分＋that從句”或“主＋

be＋去分＋

todosth.

”。有：Itissaidthat

?據(jù),Itisreportedthat

?據(jù)道，

Itisbelievedthat

?大家相信，Itishopedthat?大家希望，Itiswellknownthat?眾所周知，It

is

thought

that

?大家，Itissuggestedthat?據(jù)建。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.

（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.

）如：ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.

據(jù)露茜已出國了。Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)

大家相信他是個。四、主被示：1、主被的步：將主句的主：注意：若是主句的是代，需將其由格主格。如：Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.將改“be+去分”。注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他昨天開會了。將主的主改by?放在后。注意：若是原主是代，由主格格。如：Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.2、主被的注意事：主句中的主若是是people,we,you,they,somebody等含糊地表示“人”、“大家”的，被句，平時去“by?”，但原主被除外。如：Theysetupthishospitalin1975.→Thishospitalwassetupin1975.這所醫(yī)院建于1975年。Onlyhecanfinishthejob.→只有他能完成這項工作。Thejobcanbefinishedonlybyhim.這項工作只能由他來完成。含有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語的句子，每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。如：Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告訴了我們真相。WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.五、動詞的主動形式表示被動之意以主動形式表示被動之意的動詞多為連系動詞，如：look，feel，smell等。以下動詞沒有被動式：happen，cost，have如：Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.（）Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。Thewatchlooksgood.這表看起來很好。Thisbooksellswell.這本書熱賣。六、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特色時，常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語平時是物。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動重申的是主語的特色，而被動語態(tài)則重申外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門自己有弊端）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不會有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動形式表示被動意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?些是如何引出來的呢？3.系沒有被形式,但有些表示感覺、感官的系feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表構(gòu)中常以主形式表示被意。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable七、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用名和不定式的主形式表被意。1．在need，want，require,bear等的后邊，名用主形式表示被意，其含相當(dāng)于不定式的被形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．房子需要維修。2．形容worth后邊跟名的主形式表示被含，但不能夠跟不定式；而worthy后邊跟不定式的被形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）不定式在名后邊作定，不定式和名之相關(guān)系，又和句中另一名或代構(gòu)成主關(guān)系,不定式的主形式表示被含。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是關(guān)系，與I是主關(guān)系。)比：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此用不定式的被作定表示you不是post作的行者。)在某些“形容＋不定式”做表或足的構(gòu)中，句子的主或又是不定式的，常用不定式的主形式表達(dá)被意。些形容有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5．在too?to?構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加主，所以用主形式表示被意。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.在therebe?句型中，當(dāng)不定式修名作定，不定式用主式作定，重點在人，用被形式作定，重點在物。例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可看作forustolose；用tobelost，losttime不明確。）7.在betodo構(gòu)中的一些不定式平時用主表主,被表被。可是,由于古英的影響,下列rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主形式表示被意。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?八、介詞in,on,under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方向的介與含作意的名合用，含被之，其意相當(dāng)于名相的被形式，名前一般不用冠。1.“under+名”構(gòu)，表示“某事內(nèi)行中”。常的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治中）,underrepair（在維修中）,underdiscussion（在中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).2．“beyond+名”構(gòu)，“出乎????、范、限度”。常的有：beyondbelief(令人以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭莫及），beyondone’scontrol（無法控制），beyondourhope．我的成功始料不及。例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．“above+名”構(gòu),表示“(品、行、能力等)超??、高于??”。例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4．“for+名”構(gòu)，表示“適于??、著??”。如：forsale(銷售),forrent（出租）等。Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5．“in+名”構(gòu)，表示“在??程中或范內(nèi)”常的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在野范內(nèi))，等。例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)6．“on+名”構(gòu),表示“在從事??中”。常的有：onsale(銷售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受）。Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).7．“outof+名”構(gòu)；表示“超出??之外“，常的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出之外），outofone’sreach(不著),outoffashion(不流行)等。例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)．。8．“within+名”構(gòu)，“在??內(nèi)、不超??”。Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission一．填空1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die－Doyouliketheskirt?It_______soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait7._____toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays－Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.Sorry,______already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit______yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven11.Water______intoice.A.willchangedB.mustbechangedC.shouldchangeD.canbechanged12.Plays______twiceamonthinthattheatre.A.putonB.areputonC.wasputonD.oftenputon13.Thebirds_______flyawaylastSaturday.A.lettoB.islettoC.wasletD.wereletto14.Astrangesound______yesterdayevening.A.washeardB.hearsC.heardD.isheard15.Abeautifulbike_______himbyhisclassmates.A.senttoB.willsenttoC.wassenttoD.willbesentfor16.MissChen______just______tospeakatthemeeting.A.has?beenaskedB.hasbeen?askedC.Havebeen?askedD.have?beenasked17.Meat_______outinthisshop.Wecan_________now.A.havebeensold,getnothingB.hasbeensold,getnothingC.hasbeensold,getsomeD.havebeensold,getsome18.Thenewplay_______intheatrenow.Whydon’tyougoinandseeit?A.isbeingshownB.isshowingC.isshownD.shows19.Canyoutell_______?A.whendidithappenB.whenwasithappenedC.whenithappenedD.whenitwashappened20.______thejob______byLucyorbyJohn?Tellmethetruth,please.A.Has?finishedB.Has?beingfinishedC.Is?finishD.Has?beenfinished.用所給動詞的合適時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空When_____thefirstman-madesatellite_______(send)upintospace?Lastyearvegetables____(grow)inthegardenbyTomandhe_____(sell)themhimself.She______(help)himwithhishomeworktomorrowevening.Howmanymagazines______(canborrow)inyourlibraryeveryweek?John______(hear)togoupstairstwohoursago.－Who______(save)herfather?He______(save)bythatpoliceman.Thedoctor______(sendfor)becausehisgrandpawasill.Mooncakes______(make)byhismothereveryyear.______yourmother_____(make)mooncakesforyoueveryyear?Sometoys______(buy)asapresentsforthesechildrenlastMonday._____paper______(make)ofwood?三.Correctthesesentences.(改正以下句子)Thishousebuilt100yearsago.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.___________________Whydidthelettersendtothewrongaddress?___________________Agarageisaplacewherecarsrepair.____________________Whereareyouborn?____________________HowmanylanguagesarespeakinginSwitzerland?_______________Somebodybrokeintoourhousebutnothingstolen._______________Whenwasinventedt