初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)知識點(diǎn)歸納基本全了

初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)知識點(diǎn)概括基本全了初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)知識點(diǎn)概括基本全了28/28初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)知識點(diǎn)概括基本全了適用文檔初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)知識點(diǎn)概括冠詞a/an的用法a用于輔音音素前ausefulbook,auniversity,a“u〞Onceaweekhaveaswim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/resthaveacold/headache/fever/coughhaveagoodtimehaveatryinahurryafterawhilekeepadiarygoforawalkinaminuteinawordinashortwhilean那么用于元音音素前anhour,anhonestboy,an“AEFHILMNORSX〞keepaneyeon定冠詞the的用法：1〕特指兩方都理解的人或物：Givemethebook.2〕上文提到過的人或事：Doyouknowtheladyinblue?–Yes,sheisateacherofauniversity.3〕指世上唯一物二的事物thesun(sky/moon/earth/world/nature/universe)4〕單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如：thedollar美元;Thelionisawildanimal.或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：therich/poor/blind/aged/living/impossible5〕用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高等，及形容詞only，very,same等前面：Iliveonthesecondfloor.6〕用在表示身體部位的名詞前：Shecaughtmebythearm.7〕用在表示樂器和表方向的名詞以前：Sheplaysthepiano\violin\guitarinthenorthofChina適用文檔8〕用在一般名詞組成專出名詞前：thePeople'sRepublicofChinatheUnitedStatestheGreatWalltheSummerPalace9)用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞以前，表示一家人：theGreensareplayingthepiano.10)intheday,inthemorning(afternoon，evening),inthemiddle(of),intheend,allthetimeatthesametimeonthewhole,bytheway,gotothecinemaatheageofsixatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcenturyontheothersideofatthemomentthedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water，field，country)inthedark,intherain,不用定冠詞的狀況1)國名，人名前往常不用定冠詞：China,Europe歐洲LeiFeng雷鋒〕物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞表示一般觀點(diǎn)時，往常不加冠詞；當(dāng)表示特定的意思時，需要加定冠詞Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗乃成功之母。3〕在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、禮拜等表示時間的名詞以前，不加冠詞；Children’sDayMother’sDayFather’sDay4〕在稱號或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞；Heiscaptainoftheteam.5〕在三餐、四時，球類運(yùn)動、學(xué)科、娛樂運(yùn)動的名稱前，不加冠詞如：havebreakfast/supper/lunch，playbasketball/football/volleyball/chess,inspring/summer/autumn/winter6〕當(dāng)by與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時，中間無冠詞；bybus/train/taxi/bus/ship適用文檔7〕Dayandnightschool/work/homewatchinbedontime

facetofaceatfirst/lastintime

sidebysideindangergotoschool

stepbystepwatchTVintroubleonfootondutygotoworkbytaxi/bike

atonatnoonatnightonTV

attown局部詞組有無冠詞的差別inhospital

患病住院

inthehospital

在醫(yī)院里infrontof

在

的前面

inthefrontof

在

內(nèi)部的前面gotoschool

上學(xué)

gototheschool

到學(xué)校去anumberof=alotof

很多，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thenumberof

的數(shù)目，

的總數(shù)，

謂語動詞用單數(shù)〔第三人稱單數(shù)〕名詞：專出名詞和一般名詞〔個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞〕可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)①一般狀況加s②以s,xshch,等結(jié)尾的詞加-esbus-buseswatch-watches③以o結(jié)尾的名詞，無生命的加s，如：photophotospianopianos有生命的es，如：potato--potatoestomato--tomatoes均可，如：zerozeros/zeroes④以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，去f,fe加ves，如：halfhalvesknifeknivesleafleaveswolfwolveswifewiveslifelivesthiefthieves〔加s，如：beliefbeliefsroofroofssafesafesgulfgulfs；〕⑤以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加esbabybabies⑥不規(guī)那么：a.單復(fù)數(shù)形式同樣。Sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese.People,police,scissors,trousersb.其余的。foot—feettoothteethchild—childrenmousemicemanmenwomanwomenbusinessmanbusinessmenGermanGermanswomendoctors適用文檔集體名詞:People,police,(一般表示一個整體，謂用復(fù)數(shù))class,family,glasses不行數(shù)名詞：常有的不行數(shù)名詞有：information,news,room〔空間〕，work,work,weather,advice,bread,food,milk,tea,ice,glasses,meat①Alittle,abitof,some,much,alotof,quitealotof常修飾不行數(shù)名詞.②不行數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。③假如用and連結(jié)兩個不行數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Timeandmoneyare-④Acup\glass\bottle\box\kilo\group\crowd\class\pairofTwoandahalfkilosof=twokilosandahalfof名詞所有格在英語中有些名詞能夠加"'s"來表示所相關(guān)系，帶這類詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：ateacher'sbook。名詞所有格的規(guī)那么以下：1〕單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s"，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加"'s"，如theboy'sbag，men'sroomChildren’sDayMother’sDayFather’sDay2〕假定名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，只加"'"，如：Teachers’Dayladies’roomtwentyminutes’walk3〕凡不可以加"'s"的名詞，都能夠用"名詞+of+名詞"的構(gòu)造來表示所相關(guān)系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字;Apictureoffamily;amapofChina4〕在表示商鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后邊經(jīng)常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：thebarber's剪發(fā)店。適用文檔5〕假如兩個名詞并列，而且分別有's，那么表示"分別有"；只有一個's，那么表示'共有'。John'sandMary'sroom〔兩間〕JohnandMary'sroom〔一間〕6〕復(fù)合名詞或短語，'s加在最后一個詞的詞尾。如：amonthortwo'sabsence7〕兩重所有格afriendofmine/hers/his/theirsafriendofMary’smother’s代詞１、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞I—me—my—mine—myselfyou—you—your—yourself(yourselves)he—him—his—his—himselfshe—her—her—hers—herselfit—it—its—its—itselfwe—us—our—ours—ourselvesthey—them—their—theirs—themselves人稱次序you,he,she,I;we,you,they主格作主語；賓格作賓語，動詞和介詞以后往常作賓格；形容詞性物主代詞不可以獨(dú)自使用，往常放在名詞以前；名詞性物主代詞＝形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞，“of＋名詞性物主代詞〞表示所屬關(guān)系。Afriendofmine我的一位朋友;teacherofhers她的老師代詞it的用法：①指代前面提到過的事物。②表天氣。③表距離。④指嬰兒和不明身份的人。John,someoneinyourclassphonedyouthismorning.Oh,whowasit?⑤用作形式主語。It’skind/good/nice/clever/polite/foolishofsb.todosth.It’simportant/necessary/possible/easy/difficultforsbtodosth,適用文檔It’stimetogetup.It’stimeforlunch.It’sone’sturntodoItseemsthatIttakessb.sometimetodosth.⑥用作形式賓語。Find/think/feel+it+adj+todosthItone的差別It

特指上文提到的同一對象，同一事物。one

同類而不一樣一。that

常用于比較構(gòu)造中，取代前面提到的名詞，以防備重復(fù)。反身代詞組成規(guī)那么：一、二物主，三為賓。oneself

運(yùn)用：hurt/teach/wash/buy/enjoyoneselfby/Helponeself(oneselves)to/Lookafteroneself/Cometooneself

/Sayto２、不定代詞little,alittle,few,afew=several(some),some,anymuch,toomuch,muchtoo,morethen=over,lessthan=nearlysomething某事，某物，用于必定句。注意：⑴由復(fù)合不定代詞作主anything任何事物，某事物，用于否語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。定句、疑問句。Everyoneishere.everything每件事，全部事物，用于⑵修飾不定代詞的形容詞后各樣句型。置。Ihavesomethingimportant適用文檔nothing沒什么，沒有任何東西。=nottotellyou.anything⑶在反意疑問句中，表示人的somebody某人，有人=someone復(fù)合代詞在陳說句中作主語時，附anybody任何人(用于否定句、疑問句，加問句中的主語用he或they，表?xiàng)l件從句中)物的用it。nobody沒有人little，幾乎沒有，表示否定意思，用以修飾不行數(shù)名詞。Alittle①一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，表示必定，用以修飾不行數(shù)名詞。Onlyalittle僅一點(diǎn)點(diǎn).②也可修飾形容詞和副詞。③一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，放在動詞、動詞賓語后。few幾乎沒有，表示否定意思，用以修飾可數(shù)名詞。afew=several幾個，一些，表示必定意思，用以修飾可數(shù)名詞。some一些，修飾可數(shù)名詞，后跟復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞或ones,也可修飾不行數(shù)名詞。在表示懇求、委宛語氣的疑問句和表示希望獲得對方的必定回復(fù)的問句中，常用some.Couldyougivemesomeapples?any一些，任何一些。一般用于疑問句中或否定句中和IF指引的條件句中。much很多。修飾不行數(shù)名詞，放在不行數(shù)名詞前，可用alotof替代。toomuch太多的，用法相當(dāng)于much，放在不行數(shù)名詞前。Heathisveryimportanttous.Weshouldeatmorevegetablesandfruitinsteadoftoomuchrichfood.muchtoo太，用法相當(dāng)于too,放在形容詞和副詞前。Keepquiet!It’smuchtoonoisyhere.morethan超出，多于。=overmoreorless或多或少，差不多。=about適用文檔atleast起碼alot很多，修飾動詞。Thanksalot.alotof=lotsof很多的，可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞。anumberof很多的,=many只用于修飾復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞，放在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。every用于三個或三個以上，著眼于整體。后可跟數(shù)詞。詞組有everytenminuetseach用于兩個或兩個以上，著眼于個體。詞組有eachofeither兩其中任何一個eitherorboth兩個都bothandbothofneither兩其中一個也沒有e.g.Doyouliketalkingwithyourfriendsonthetelephoneormobilephone?Neither,IenjoyusingQQ.neithernorany三個以上中任何一個all三個以上中所有none三個以上中一個也沒有。Noneof中沒有一個，表示三個或以上數(shù)目的人或物中沒有一個，表否定，作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。others表示“泛指〞除自己外，其余人。Some,otherstheother表示兩其中的另一個。One,theothertheothers表示特指的另一些。適用文檔another后跟單數(shù)名詞。表示泛指另一個人。后跟帶數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“再，還要〞的意思。other其余，此外的，一般后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞或ones,在other前可加some,many或數(shù)詞，表示“幾個，一些其余〞Suchatallbuildingsuchanexcitingfootballmatchsomanypeopleeachother互相，相互，指兩個或兩個物時。oneanother互相，相互，指三者或三者以上的相互。oneanother’s互相的，相互的。數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目多少或次序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示次序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。一、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞1〕基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法：①百位與十位，用and,十位與個位，寫時用“—〞②先確立分節(jié)號，從右至左，每隔三位數(shù)是一個分節(jié)號。③第一個分節(jié)號是千位thousand4第二個分節(jié)號是千位million⑤第三個分號節(jié)是十億位billion.1,234,567,892onebilliontwohundredandthirty-fourmillionfivehundredandsixty-seventhousandeighthundredandninety-two2〕分?jǐn)?shù)表示法組成：分子基，分母序，分子大于1時，分母在序數(shù)詞后加S：1/2ahalf1/3one-third；2/3twothirds3/4threequarters=threefourths2-3/4twoandthreefourths3〕表示"年月"，用in+the+數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)；inthe1980s〔20世紀(jì)80年月〕4〕表某人幾歲時:in+物主代詞+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式inone’stwenties適用文檔5〕HelivesinRom88.Oneplustwoisthree.Threetimesfiveisfifteen.6〕hundred,thousand,million等詞前有詳細(xì)的數(shù)字時，不可以加S如threehundreds這類說法是錯誤的7〕hundredsofthousandsofmillionsof8〕a21-year-oldgirlthreedaysandahalf=threeandahalfdaysoneandahalfhours=onehourandahalfwe’llhavetwoweeks’holiday(two-weekholiday)〕〔基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的口訣〕一、二、三特別記，th從四以上記;怎么加很簡單，八減t，九減e;f來把ve替，見y變ie;假定是碰到幾十幾，變換個位就能夠。One-firsttwo-secondthree-thirdfive-fiftheight-eighthnine-ninthtwelve–twelfththirteen-thirteenthfifteen-fifteentheighteen-eighteenthtwenty-twentiethtwenty-onetwenty-firstthirty-thirtiethforty-fortiethfifty–fiftiethsixty-sixtiethseventy-seventietheighty-eightiethninety-ninetieth序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式：first1stsecond2ndthirty-first31st形容和副詞①修飾something,anything,everything,anybody等不定代詞的形容詞，形容詞要放在不定代詞以后。IhaveSomethingimportanttotellyou.②enough修飾形容詞、副詞時，enough要放在形容詞和副詞以后。Farenough③interesting,exciting,boring,amazing,surprising,moving主語為物。Interested,excited,amazed,surprised,frightened,tired,pleased主語為人。適用文檔④Much,far,alot,alittle,even等后要用形容詞或副詞的比較級。Ifellevenworsenow.5.連系動詞be,感官動詞(look,smell,taste,sound,feel)三個變(get,become,turn,)keep后跟形容詞.⑥既可作形容詞又可作副詞的詞有：hard作形容詞=difficult,作副詞，放在work,rain等后,表努力地做。well作形容詞身體好;作副詞，做得好。long作形容詞，表事物的長度，作副詞，放在last,talk等后,表動作連續(xù)。Fast作作形容，放在系動詞后，作副詞放在rain,makesth.等詞后，表“做得快〞。High作形容詞“山，海浪的高。作副詞,放在fly,jump等后表飛得高，跳得高。⑦五、形容詞變成副詞①+lyuseful,wide,strong②改y為i,再加lyhealthy,heavy,happy,lucky,noisy,③good——wellterribleterriblyprobableprobably⑧多半以ly結(jié)尾的詞是副詞。但friendly,lonely,lovely,likely,daily,lively是形容詞。⑨ChinaislargerthananyothercountyinAsia.〔同一范圍內(nèi)〕ChinaislargerthananycountyinAfirca.〔不一樣范圍內(nèi)〕howmany對可數(shù)名詞數(shù)目的發(fā)問。Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Howmuch對不行數(shù)名詞數(shù)目的發(fā)問和發(fā)問價錢。Howlong多久，多長時間。回復(fù)常用：for+段時間since+點(diǎn)時間。Howsoon多快，多久此后?；貜?fù)常用：in+段時間適用文檔Howoften多長時間一次，發(fā)問頻次?；貜?fù)常用：once(twice)aweek,threetimesaday,oftenHowfar多遠(yuǎn)，對距離發(fā)問?；貜?fù)常用：fifteenminutes’walk,10metersaway形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高等：原級:as+原級+as;notas/so+原級+as=反義詞+thanEnglishisasinterestingasChinese.Mr.Zhangisn’tasoldasMr.Li.=Mr.ZhangisyoungerthanMr.Li.比較級的標(biāo)記詞①than,Lily’sbagisbiggerthanhers.much,far,alittle,even,nexttime③which/whoA,B?Whichismorebeautiful,Tom,Jim?④the+比較級,the+比較級Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.⑤比較級+and+比較級〔多音節(jié)詞和局部雙音節(jié)詞用moreandmore+原級〕越來越harderandharder,ourhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.最高等標(biāo)記詞：①the+最高等+of/inShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.②Oneofthe+最高等+名詞復(fù)數(shù)ZhouJiekunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.③Which/who+最高等,A,BorC?Whocityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorKunming?④序數(shù)詞+最高等，表“第幾最〞ChangjiangisthefirstlongestriverinChina.thesecondlargestpopulation形容詞和副詞比較級和最高等的組成規(guī)那么〔略〕適用文檔不規(guī)那么:good/wellbetterbestworse--worstmany/much--moremost

bad/badly/illlittlelessleast

farfarther〔較遠(yuǎn)〕farthestfarfurther〔進(jìn)一步〕furthesttiredmoretiredthemosttired(right,tired,glad.pleased.real)動詞的時態(tài)時態(tài)

構(gòu)造

標(biāo)記詞

被動語態(tài)

難點(diǎn)與名稱

重點(diǎn)一般此刻時

\are

?am\is?there

sometimes,often,usually,always,

am/is/are+done

注意第三人稱單數(shù)狀況be

構(gòu)造

everyday,once?行為動

aweek詞此刻

am/is/

now,look,listen,

am/is/are

動詞進(jìn)行時

are+Ving

rightnow,atthe

+being+done

ING

形式moment,

的組成it's+

幾點(diǎn)一般

?was/

yesterday,last,

was/were

注意動過去時

were+

表語

ago

一家;justnow,in

+done

詞的過去式構(gòu)造

?Ved

theolddays,amomentago,longago,ihthe

的組成適用文檔1990s一般?will/tomorrow,nextwill/shall+注意動未來時shall+V原year,thisyear,atthebe+done詞過去分詞形endofthisterm,begoingto的組成(與?befromnowon,+be+done過去式的區(qū)goingto+Vinthefuture,別)原形inafewdays'P255time過去was/at+詳細(xì)時間,atwas/were與一般進(jìn)行時were+Vingthistime.,when+一+being+done過去時的區(qū)般過去時從句別此刻have/already,yet,just,注意瞬達(dá)成時has+donenever,ever,間動詞在現(xiàn)for,since,在達(dá)成時中sofar的運(yùn)用過去?would賓語從句中,從句Would/未來時/should+V動作在主句動作以后should+be原形發(fā)生.+done?was/begoingtoweregoing+be+doneto+V原形過去hadby+過去某一時Had+been適用文檔達(dá)成時+done點(diǎn);+donebefore+過去某一時間點(diǎn);bythetime+從句;從句動作在主句動作前發(fā)生神態(tài)神態(tài)動詞+be動詞+done注:不規(guī)那么動詞過去式和過去分詞詳見初三課本的255頁。祈使句祈使句用以表達(dá)命令，要求，懇求，勸說等。1〕祈使句否定在句首加Don't：Don'tmove.Don'tbelate.2〕Let’sshallwe?

letus\himwillyou/won'tyou?感觸句How+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語+其余Howlovelythebabyis!Whata/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語+其余Whatacleverboyheis!What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+主語+謂語+其余Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!What+形容詞+不行數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語+其余Whatcoldweatheritis!反意疑問句陳說局部用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little,tooto等否定含義的詞時，疑問局部用必定含義。Someplantsneverblown(開花),dothey?適用文檔2)述局部有haveto+v.(hadto+v.)，疑局部常用don't+主〔didn't+主〕。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?3)述局部的是usedto，疑局部用didn't+主或usedn't+主。Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?/usedn'the?述局部有hadbetter+v.疑句局部用hadn'tyou?You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?5)述局部由neither?nor,either?or接的并列主，疑局部依據(jù)其意而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?6)述局部主是指示代或不定代everything,that,nothing,this,疑局部主用it。Everythingisready,isn'tit?述局部主從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑局部有三種狀況：并列復(fù)合句疑局部，依據(jù)近從句的而定。Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,heshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldn'the?有定從句，從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑局部依據(jù)主句的而定：Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn'the?c.上述局部主句是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引的定從句，疑局部與從句相組成反意疑句。Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can'tshe?適用文檔8)陳說局部主語是不定代詞everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等，疑問局部常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時也用單數(shù)he。Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey?(doeshe?)Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?(doeshe?)9)省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問局部用willyou。Don'tdothatagain,willyou?Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou?注意：Let's開頭的祈使句，后用shallwe?Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?Letus開頭的祈使句，后用willyou?Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?10)陳說局部是"therebe"構(gòu)造的，疑問局部用there省略主語代詞。Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?否定前綴不可以視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。Itisimpossible,isn'tit?Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?并列句and和，而且，workhard,andyoucanpasstheexam.but可是heisrichbutheisnothappy.Or否那么，要否則，或許〔在否定句中表和〕Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.so所以，所以Katewasillsoshedidn’tgotoschool.For由于Ihavetostayuplate,forIhavealotofworktodo.狀語從句適用文檔當(dāng)狀語從句的指引詞為If,when,before,after,until,assoonas等，主句和從句有以下狀況：主句從句①一般未來時一般現(xiàn)Iwillgototheparkifitdoesn’train(主將從現(xiàn))在時tomorrow.②祈使句一般現(xiàn)在時③含有神態(tài)動詞一般現(xiàn)的句子在時④一般過去時一般過去時英語句子中假如一看到Thoughtbut;becauseso這類構(gòu)造,就是錯誤.倒裝句so+助動詞\BE動詞神態(tài)動詞+另一主語，表示后者與前者一致。so+上句主語+助動詞\BE動詞神態(tài)動詞，真的，的確這樣。TomwatchedTVlastnight,sodidAnn.Tomdidn’twatchTVlastnight.NeitherdidAnn.You’veleftthelighton.SoIhave.I’llgoandturnitoff.賓語從句?從句用陳說句語序。?主句與從句的關(guān)系。．主現(xiàn)從不限；適用文檔B．主過從過；C．真金不怕火煉。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.③常有的賓語從句。ShesaysthatIhope/think/feel/wonderIwonderifhewilljoinusinthediscussiontonight.Couldyoutell/showmeCouldyoupleasetellmewheretheteacher’sofficeis?DoyouknowDoyouknowwhereMr.Lilives?PleasetellmeSheaskedmeIdon’tknowIdon’tknowwhetherTomwillgoornot.定語從句that和which在指物的狀況下一般都能夠交換,但在以下狀況下,一般用that而不用which。(1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代詞時。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.(2)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高等修飾時。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時。適用文檔Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.一般用that而不用who先行詞是who或who指引的主句。Whoisthegirl(that)drovethecar?Who(that)brokethewindowwillbepunished.(2)主句以Therebe指引時。Thereare200people(that)didn’tthat和which在指物的狀況下一般都能夠交換,但在以下狀況下,一般用which而不用that。關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟介詞作賓語〔介詞提前〕。Thosearemanytreesunder(which)theycanhavearest.在非限制性定語從句中。Football,(which)isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.后跟ing的詞有FinishdoingBefore2021BeijingwewillfinishbuildingtheOlympicPark.enjoydoing喜愛做某事IenjoyreadingEnglishloudly.minddoing介懷〔反對〕做某事wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事weshouldpracticespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事feellikedoingsth=wanttodosth.想要做某事spend(in)doingsth花銷時間做某事適用文檔stop/prevent/keepfromdoing阻擋某人做某事havetrouble\problem/ahardtimedoingsth.做某事很困難Havefundoingsth.=haveagoodtimedoingsth.做某事很快樂goondoingsth接著做本來做著的事goshopping/swimming/skating/surfingdosomerunning/washing/cooking介詞(for,with,without,about)后跟動詞原形:whydon'tyouwhynotyou'dbetter(not)wouldyouplease(not)make\let\have\[注意:在被動語態(tài)中,to要加上]后跟ing和TO的差別developingcountry展開中國家developedcountry興盛國家stoptodosth.停下手中的事而去做此外的事〔事情有兩件〕Stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事情〔事情只有一件〕Remembertodosth.記著要去做某事〔事情沒有做〕Rememberdoingsth.記得以前做過某事〔事情已經(jīng)做〕Forgettodosth.忘掉去做某事〔事情沒做〕Forgetdoingsth.忘掉以前做過的事情〔事情已經(jīng)做〕Trytodosth.努力去做某事適用文檔Trydoingsth.試著去做某事Goontodosth.做完一件事，接著改做此外一件事Goondoingsth.連續(xù)不斷地做某事See/hearsbdoing/do神態(tài)動詞Can①能，可能，表示能力，猜想。過過式could②可能，或許。主要用在疑問句、否定句中，表示懷疑、預(yù)計，不用必定句中。③對could的委宛語氣回復(fù)一般不直接用yes和no，要用certainly,ofcourse.Ok.Sure.④wouldyoupleasenotdo?⑤wouldyouliketoplayfootballwithmetonight?Yes,I’dloveto.Sorry,Iambusy.Yes,I’dloveto.But⑥wouldyoulikesomebananas?Yes,please.No.thanks.⑦在表示懇求、委宛語氣的疑問句和表示希望獲得對方的必定回復(fù)的問句中，常用some.Couldyougivemesomeapples?May①能夠，表允許。mayI？回復(fù)：Yes,youmay.Yes,ofcourse.No,youmaynot.No,you’dbetternot.②或許，可能。表猜想，但掌握性不是很大。③maybe=perhaps是副詞，放在句首或句末。Maybe和Maybe不一樣。Must①M(fèi)ustI?否定回復(fù)用No,youneedn’t.No,youdon’thaveto.適用文檔②必。。mustn’t嚴(yán)禁，不可以。③must表主。Haveto表客。Don’thaveto=needn’tmust必定。用于表推。表示有很大的掌握用，只用于必定句、不用疑句。否定句中can’t有不行能之意。Need①don’thavetodosth.=needn’tdosth.②必定回復(fù)Yes,must.否定回復(fù)No,needn’t.不定式不定式常跟在以下及物后邊作:want,like,wish,hope,try,ask,start,begin,forget,remember,learn,choose,agree,tell,decide,needE.g.Wanttodosth.Asksb.(not)todosth.Tellsb.todosth.Decidetodosth.Wouldliketodosth.Setouttodosth.Warnsbtodosth.Helpsb.(to)dosth.不定式可用在某些表示感情的形容以后:glad,happy,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid不定式作的有:somethingtodrink\eat;havesthtodo;thewaytodosth.不定式作:特別疑(what,where)+不定式wheretogo主一致1．近和湊近原因therebe,either?or,neither?nor,notonly?but(also)接兩個并列的主，恪守就近原。2．Eitherof,neitherof,eachof作主，用數(shù)。適用文檔3．Each,every,manya,no修飾并列單句時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。．在百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)等后，如跟可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如跟不行數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。．表示時間、重量、長度、價值等名詞作為主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。．動詞不定式或動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。．算術(shù)題中主語是數(shù)詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。8.Thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。9．Oneandahalf+名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。單詞的詞性變化單詞的詞性變化動詞變成名詞①cleasellplaysurfersinown+er(r)ner,erergererjumspetraveteacherwopainperakerlerrkerter,fardivdrivewriterwaitermererr,(waitress)Runwinrobbnernerer②Visitinventorcoinspector〔檢Ac