交互設(shè)計(jì)-構(gòu)建人物角色模型

交互設(shè)計(jì)InteractionDesign（主講：

）第3課為用戶建模：人物模型和目標(biāo)（Part

III）本講內(nèi)容概要嶺南師范學(xué)院2嶺南師范學(xué)院3構(gòu)建人物角色(Constructingas)成功的產(chǎn)品需首先滿足用戶的目標(biāo)構(gòu)建人物角色的八大步驟成功的產(chǎn)品需首先滿足用戶的目標(biāo)–

“Good

design”

has

meaning

only

for

someone

who

usesa

product

for

a

particular

purpose.4嶺南師范學(xué)院成功的產(chǎn)品需首先滿足用戶的目標(biāo)–

Your

users

will

do

their

best

to

achieve

theiremployer’s

business

goals,

while

at

the

same

timelooking

after

their

own al

goals.5嶺南師范學(xué)院成功的產(chǎn)品需首先滿足用戶的目標(biāo)–

The

user’s

most

important

goal

is

always

to

retain

herhuman

dignity

and

not

feel

stupid.6不要讓用戶覺得自己很傻。設(shè)計(jì)原則嶺南師范學(xué)院構(gòu)建人物角色♂：在用戶研究階段不辭辛勞地四處找人聊天究竟是圖個(gè)啥？♀：還不是為了可以幫助設(shè)計(jì)師從用戶目標(biāo)出發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品。7嶺南師范學(xué)院構(gòu)建人物角色♂：那我現(xiàn)在手頭這一堆的用戶訪談?dòng)涗浽撛趺凑?？♀：忘了人物角色這個(gè)強(qiáng)大的設(shè)計(jì)工具了？接下來我們得花點(diǎn)時(shí)間利用這些數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建人物角色。8嶺南師范學(xué)院嶺南師范學(xué)院構(gòu)建人物角色的八大步驟There

are

a

number

of

effective

methods

foridentifying

behavior

patterns

in

research

and

turningthese

into

useful

user

archetypes.雖然業(yè)界已經(jīng)有不少有效的方法可以用來在研究過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)用戶的行為模式并將這些模式轉(zhuǎn)化為可用的用戶原型。9構(gòu)建人物角色的八大步驟We’ve

found

the

transparency

and

rigor

of

this

processto

be

an

ideal

way

for

designers

new

to as

tolearn

how

to

properly

construct

as.但是對(duì)于菜鳥設(shè)計(jì)師來說，一個(gè)可以幫助他們學(xué)習(xí)如何

正確地構(gòu)建用戶角色的可實(shí)際操作的流程實(shí)在太有用了。10嶺南師范學(xué)院構(gòu)建人物角色的八大步驟It

also

helps

experienced

designers

to

stay

focused

onactual

behavior

patterns,

especially

in

consumers.對(duì)于那些有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)師而言，這一流程可以幫助他們把設(shè)計(jì)的焦點(diǎn)放在真正的行為模式上。11嶺南師范學(xué)院構(gòu)建人物角色的八大步驟Group

interview

subjects

by

role.Identify

behavioral

variables.Map

interview

subjects

tobehavioral

variables.12嶺南師范學(xué)院構(gòu)建人物角色的八大步驟Identify

significant

behaviorpatterns.Synthesize

characteristics

anddefine

goals.Check

for

completeness

andredundancy.13嶺南師范學(xué)院構(gòu)建人物角色的八大步驟Designatea

types.Expand

the

description

ofattributes

and

behaviors.14嶺南師范學(xué)院嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟1：依照角色對(duì)訪談對(duì)象分組After

you

have

completed

your

research

andperformed

a

cursory

organization

of

the

data,

groupyour

interviewees

according

to

their

roles.在完成用戶研究并對(duì)研究數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行粗略地整理過后，首先要做的是依照訪談對(duì)象的不同角色對(duì)他們進(jìn)行分組。15步驟1：依照角色對(duì)訪談對(duì)象分組For

enterprise

applications,

roles

are

easy

to

delineate,because

they

usually

map

to

job

roles

or

descriptions.對(duì)于企業(yè)級(jí)應(yīng)用程序而已，可以很容易地依據(jù)企業(yè)的職能分工區(qū)分不同的角色。16嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟1：依照角色對(duì)訪談對(duì)象分組Consumer

products

have

more

subtle

role

divisions,including

family

roles,

attitudes

or

approaches

torelevant

activities,

or

interests

and

aptitudesregarding

lifestyle

choices.消費(fèi)級(jí)應(yīng)用程序則有更細(xì)致的角色劃分，例如家庭角色、態(tài)度及

等等。17嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟2：識(shí)別行為變量Once

you’ve

grouped

your

interviewees

by

role,

list

thedistin

pects

of

observed

behavior

for

each

role

as

aset

of

behavioral

variables.完成對(duì)訪談對(duì)象的分組之后，列舉出來對(duì)每一個(gè)分組來說特有的一些觀察到的行為來作為行為變量。18嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟2：識(shí)別行為變量Be

wary

of

focusing

on

demographics

such

as

age

orgeographic

location,

because

behavioral

variables

willbe

far

more

useful

in

develo

effective

userarchetypes.一定要謹(jǐn)慎地使用人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)中的

和地址一類的信息來作為變量，而是應(yīng)該盡可能地使用行為變量。19嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟2：識(shí)別行為變量20–

以下的這些是最值得

關(guān)注的行為變量類型：What

the

user

does;

frequency

andvolumeHow

the

user

thinks

about

theproduct and

technologyWhat

education

and

training

theuser

has;

ability

to

learnActivitiesAttitudesAptitudes嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟2：識(shí)別行為變量–

以下的這些是最值得

關(guān)注的行為變量類型：–

對(duì)于每一組角色而言，通常需15到30個(gè)不同的行為變量。21Why

the

user

is

engaged

in

theproductMotivationsUser

abilities

related

to

theproduct and

technologySkills嶺南師范學(xué)院嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟3：為訪談對(duì)象匹配行為變量After

you

are

satisfied

that

you

have

identified

the

setof

significant

behavioral

variables

exhibited

by

yourinterview

subjects,

the

next

step

is

to

map

eachinterviewee

against

each

variable.在識(shí)別出了行為變量之后，接下來一步是為每一個(gè)訪談對(duì)象匹配每一個(gè)行為變量。22嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟3：為訪談對(duì)象匹配行為變量Some

of

these

variables

will

represent

a

continuousrange

of

behavior,

such

as

confidence

in

usingtechnology.某些行為變量可以反映出來某一種行為，例如喜歡使用科技產(chǎn)品。23嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟3：為訪談對(duì)象匹配行為變量Others

will

represent

multiple

discrete

choices,

suchas

using

a

digital

camera

versus

using

a

film

camera.另一些行為變量則可以反映一些不相關(guān)聯(lián)的選擇傾向，例如使用數(shù)碼相機(jī)而不是攝影機(jī)。24步驟3：為訪談對(duì)象匹配行為變量Map the

interviewee

to

a

precise

point

in

therange

isn’t

as

critical

as

identifying

the

placement

ofinterviewees

in

relationship

to

each

other.在匹配時(shí)不必糾結(jié)于某個(gè)訪談對(duì)象在當(dāng)前的行為變量中所處的精確位置，而是應(yīng)該把握好這個(gè)訪談對(duì)象相對(duì)于其他的對(duì)象而言，所處的相對(duì)位置。25嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟3：為訪談對(duì)象匹配行為變量The

desired e

of

this

step

is

to

accura

yrepresent

how

multiple

subjects

cluster

with

respectto

each

significant

variable.這個(gè)步驟預(yù)期的結(jié)果是可以準(zhǔn)確地反映出不同的訪談對(duì)象在每個(gè)特定的行為變量中的分布情況。26嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟3：為訪談對(duì)象匹配行為變量–

Clusters

of

subjects

across

multiple

axes

indicatesignificant

behavior

patterns.27嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟3：為訪談對(duì)象匹配行為變量28嶺南師范學(xué)院嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟4：識(shí)別顯著的行為模式After

you

have

mapped

your

interview

subjects,

lookfor

clusters

of

subjects

that

occur

across

multipleranges

or

variables.在完成行為變量的匹配之后，觀察一下，看看有沒有出現(xiàn)訪談對(duì)象抱團(tuán)集中在多個(gè)行為變量中的情況。29步驟4：識(shí)別顯著的行為模式A

set

of

subjects

who

cluster

in

six

to

eight

differentvariables

will

likely

represent

a

significant

behaviorpattern

that

will

form

the

basis

of

a

a.訪談對(duì)象在6到8個(gè)行為變量中出現(xiàn)抱團(tuán)情況，則意味著這些訪談對(duì)象可能有著某種顯著的行為模式，這一行為模式將成為構(gòu)建用戶角色的基礎(chǔ)。30嶺南師范學(xué)院嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟4：識(shí)別顯著的行為模式For

a

pattern

to

be

valid,

there

must

be

a

logical

orcausative

connection

between

the

clustered

behaviors,not

just

a

spurious

correlation.為了識(shí)別出有效的行為模式，必須辨別一下在訪談對(duì)象

的這些行為背后是否存在著邏輯上的或者因果上的關(guān)聯(lián)。31步驟4：識(shí)別顯著的行為模式32嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟5：綜合特性并定義目標(biāo)For

each

significant

behavior

pattern

you

identify,

youmust

synthesize

details

from

your

data.針對(duì)識(shí)別出的每一個(gè)顯著的行為模式，

還必須從研究數(shù)據(jù)中找到一些必要的細(xì)節(jié)信息來裝飾一下。33嶺南師范學(xué)院嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟5：綜合特性并定義目標(biāo)These

details

should

include

the

following

atminimum:The

behaviors

themselves

(activities

and

the

motivationsbehind

them)The

use

environment(s)Frustrations

and

pain

points

related

to

the

behaviorusing

current

solutions34嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟5：綜合特性并定義目標(biāo)These

details

should

include

the

following

atminimum:Demographics

associated

with

the

behaviorSkills,

experience,

or

abilities

relating

to

the

behaviorAttitudes

and

emotions

associated

with

the

behavior35步驟5：綜合特性并定義目標(biāo)These

details

should

include

the

following

atminimum:Relevant

interactions

with

other

people,

products,

orservicesAlternate

or

competing

ways

of ng

the

same

thing,especially og

techniques36嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟5：綜合特性并定義目標(biāo)alities

of–

A

description

or

two

that

sharpens

theyour as

can

help

bring

them

to

life.However,

too

much

fictional

biography,

especially

if

itincludes

quirky

details,

is

a

distraction

and

makesyour

as

distracting.千萬注意不要當(dāng)成在寫小說，把人物角色描繪得栩栩如生，這樣反而適得其反。37嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟5：綜合特性并定義目標(biāo)–

One

fictional

detail

at

this

stage

is

important:

theas’

and

last

name.aThe

name

should

evoke

the

type

of

theis

without

tending

toward

distracting

uniqueness,caricature,

or

stereotype.既然是人物角色，一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

自然是必不可少的。38嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟5：綜合特性并定義目標(biāo)–

Goals

are

the

most

critical

detail

to

synthesize

fromyour

interviews

and

observations

of

behaviors.–

Goals

are

best

derived

bypatterns

comprising

eachyzing

the

behaviora.–目標(biāo)是在這個(gè)步驟中最為重要的細(xì)節(jié)信息，定義目標(biāo)的最佳途徑是通過分析構(gòu)成每一個(gè)人物角色的一系列行為模式。39嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟5：綜合特性并定義目標(biāo)By

identifying

the

logical

connections

between

eachcluster

of

interviewees’

behaviors,

you

can

begin

toinfer

the

goals

that

lead

to

those

behaviors.通過分析訪談對(duì)象行為之間的邏輯

們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在這一系列行為背后的內(nèi)驅(qū)力——目標(biāo)。40嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟5：綜合特性并定義目標(biāo)a

areTo

be

effective

as

design

tools,

goals

must

alwaysrelate

directly,

in

some

way,

to

the

product

beingdesigned.Typically,

the

majority

of

useful

goals

for

aend

goals.–

目標(biāo)必須是與設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品直接相關(guān)的，通常來說，以最終目標(biāo)為主。41嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟5：綜合特性并定義目標(biāo)42嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟6：檢查是否完整和冗余–

At

this

point,

yourto

life.as

should

be

starting

to

comeYou

should

check

your

map s

and

as’characteristics

and

goals

to

see

if

any

important

gapsneed

filling.檢查一下匹配圖和人物角色的特點(diǎn)和目標(biāo)是否存在需要補(bǔ)漏的地方。43嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟6：檢查是否完整和冗余–

If

you

find

that

twoas

seem

to

vary

only

bydemographics,

you

may

choose

to

eliminate

one

of

theredundant

as

or

tweak

your

as’characteristics

to

make

them

more

distinct.–

倘若發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)人物角色僅僅在人類統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)特性上存在差異，這時(shí)候則需要考慮去掉其中一個(gè)或者優(yōu)化一下。44嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟7：指定人物角色類型—

the

audience

upon

whomDesign

requires

a

the

design

is

focused.The

more

specific

the,

the

better.–

俗話說“有的放矢”，在設(shè)計(jì)過程中必須有明確而精確的目標(biāo)才行，而過多目標(biāo)只會(huì)增大設(shè)計(jì)難度。45嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟7：指定人物角色類型–

What

we

must

do

then

is

prioritize

our as

todetermine

which

should

be

the

primary

design.–plish

this

through

a

process

of

designatinga

types.–

通過指定人物角色類型，

可以針對(duì)目標(biāo)的優(yōu)先順序有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。46嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟7：指定人物角色類型–

There

are

six

types

of as,

and

they

are

typicallydesignated

in

roughly

the

order

listed

here:47PrimarySecondarySupplementalCustomerServedNegative嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟7：指定人物角色類型–

There

are

six

types

of as,

and

they

are

typicallydesignated

in

roughly

the

order

listed

here:48每一個(gè)界面只針對(duì)一個(gè)主要的人物角色進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)原則嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟8：詳述屬性和行為的描述–

利用簡(jiǎn)短的語言描述一下人物角色（講講故事）：–nclude

summarizing

descriptions

of

all

significantbehavior

patterns

in

your

narrative.–

Do

not

include

excessive

fictional

descriptions.

Includejust

enough

detail

to

cover

basic

demographics

and

toweave

the

behavior

patterns

into

a

story.49嶺南師范學(xué)院步驟8：詳述屬性和行為的描述利用簡(jiǎn)短的語言描述一下人物角色（講講故事）：Do

not

add

levels

of

detail

to

your

behavioraldescriptions

that

you

did

not

observe.Do

not

introduce

solutio