成語(yǔ)典故及中英對(duì)照

驚弓之鳥BirdsStartledbytheMereTwangofaBowstring戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期(公元前403—221年中國(guó)中原地區(qū)各諸侯國(guó)連年?duì)帒?zhàn)的時(shí)代)魏國(guó)有個(gè)名叫更羸的人。一天，他對(duì)國(guó)王說：“我只要拉開弓，空射一下，就能把天上的鳥射下來(lái)?！眹?guó)王不相信。更羸便對(duì)準(zhǔn)天上飛來(lái)的一只雁射去，果真那只雁聽到拉弦的聲音就掉了下來(lái)。國(guó)王感到很奇怪。更羸說，“那是一只受過傷的雁。它一聽到我拉開弓弦的聲響，就驚慌得支持不住，自然要掉下來(lái)了。”IntheWarringStatesPeriod,therewasamanintheStateofWeicalledGengLei.Onedayhesaidtotheking:'Icanshootdownbirdsbysimplypluckingmybowstring.'Whenthekingexpresseddoubt,GengLeipointedhisbowatawildgooseflyinginthesky,twangedthebowstring,andthegoosefelltotheground.GengLeisaid,'Thisgoosehasbeenhurtinthepast.Hearingthetwangofthebowstring,itassumedthatitwasdoomed.Soitsimplygaveuptryingtolive.'“驚弓之鳥”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻受過驚恐之后，有一點(diǎn)動(dòng)靜就特別害怕。Thisidiommeansthatifonehasbeenfrightenedinthepastone'swillmaybecomeparalysedinasimilarsituation.毛遂自薦MaoSuiRecommendingHimself戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代，秦國(guó)軍隊(duì)攻打趙國(guó)的都城。趙國(guó)的平原君打算親自到楚國(guó)去請(qǐng)救兵，想挑選一個(gè)精明能干的人一同前去。有一個(gè)名叫毛遂的人，自告奮勇愿意同去。平原君到楚國(guó)后，與楚王談了半天，沒有一點(diǎn)結(jié)果。毛遂怒氣沖沖地拿著寶劍，逼近楚王，終于迫使楚王答應(yīng)出兵，與趙國(guó)聯(lián)合共同抵抗秦國(guó)。IntheWarringStatesPeriod,theStateofQinbesiegedthecapitaloftheStateofZhao.DukePingyuanofZhaoplannedtoasktheruleroftheStateofChupersonallyforassistance.Hewantedtoselectacapablemantogowithhim.AmancalledMaoSuivolunteered.Whenthenegoti-actionsbetweenthetwostateswerestalledbecausetherulerofChuhesitatedtosendtroops,MaoSuiapproachedhim,brandishingasword.Atthat,therulerofChuagreedtohelpZhao,againstQin.“毛遂自薦”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)用來(lái)比喻自己推薦自己，不必別人介紹。Thisidiommeanstorecommendoneself.世外桃源AHavenofPeaceandHappiness東晉的文學(xué)家陶淵明寫了一片著名的文章叫《桃花源記》。敘述一個(gè)漁人出外捕魚的時(shí)候，偶然來(lái)到了桃花源這個(gè)地方。從這里通過一個(gè)山洞，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)村子，這里的居民是秦朝時(shí)避難人的后代。這是一個(gè)與世隔絕、沒有剝削和壓迫、人人安居樂業(yè)的美好社會(huì)。漁人告別村民回家以后，再也找不到這個(gè)地方了。TaoYuanming,afamouswriteroftheEasternJinDynasty(317-420),wrotethewell-knownessayPeach-BlossomSpring.Inithetellsastorywhichgoeslikethis:AfishermanhappenedtocomeuponaplacecalledPeach-BlossomSpring.Squeezingthroughacave,hefoundavillage,theresidentsofwhichweredescendantsofrefugeesfromtheQinDynasty.Itwasaparadiseisolatedfromtheoutsideworld,withoutexploitationoroppression,andeverybodylivingandworkinginpeaceandcontentment.Thefishermanleftthevillagersandwenthome.Buthecouldneverfindtheplaceagain.后來(lái)，由這個(gè)故事產(chǎn)生了“世外桃源”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)，用來(lái)比喻與世隔絕的、理想的美好世界。Thisidiomisderivedfromtheabovestory,andisusedtomeananisolated,idealworld.南轅北轍GoingSouthbyDrivingtheChariotNorth從前有個(gè)人要到南方去，他坐的車子卻向北方行駛。過路人說：“你去南方，車子怎么向北行駛呢？”他回答說：“我的馬很能跑路，我的車夫駕車的技術(shù)也很高明，加上我又帶了充足的路費(fèi)?！边@個(gè)人沒有考慮到，方向弄反了，他的條件越好，離他要去的地方就越遠(yuǎn)。Onceamanwantedtogotothesouth,buthiscarriagewasheadingnorth.Apasser-byaskedhim:'Ifyouaregoingtothesouth,whyisyourchariotheadingnorth?'Themananswered,'Myhorseisgoodatrunning,mydriverishighlyskilledatdrivingacarriage,andIhaveenoughmoney.'Themandidn'tconsiderthatthedirectionmightbewrong;thebetterhisconditionswere,thefurtherhewasawayfromhisdestination.后來(lái)人們就把這個(gè)故事概括為“南轅北轍”，比喻一個(gè)人的行為和他的目的正好相反。Theidiomderivedfromthisstoryindicatesthatone'sactionwastheoppositeeffecttoone'sintention.畫龍點(diǎn)睛PuttingtheFinishingTouchtothePictureofaDragon腹有詩(shī)書氣自華南北朝(公元420--589)時(shí)期，有個(gè)畫家叫張僧繇。有一次，他到一個(gè)寺廟去游玩，在墻壁上面畫了四條龍，可是都沒有畫出眼睛?？串嫷娜擞X得很奇怪，問他為什么不畫出眼睛。他說：“眼睛是龍的關(guān)鍵，畫上眼睛，龍就會(huì)飛走了。”大家不相信他說的話。張僧繇拿起筆來(lái)，剛給兩條龍點(diǎn)上眼睛，立刻電閃雷鳴，兩條龍飛向天空，墻上只剩下兩條沒有畫眼睛的龍。IntheSouthernandNorthernDynastiesPeriod(420-589),therewasapaintercalledZhangSengyou.Oncehevisitedatempleandpaintedonthewallfourdragons,butgavenoneofthemeyes.Theonlookersfeltthatthiswasodd,andaskedwhyhehadn'tpaintedtheeyes.Heanswered,'Eyesarecrucialfordragons.Withtheeyespaintedon,thedragonswouldflyaway.'Nobodybelievedthis,soZhangSengyoutookuphisbrushandaddedeyestotwoofthedragons.Nosoonerhadhefinishedthanthetwodragonsflewintotheskyamidathunderstorm.Thetwowithouteyesstayedpaintedonthewall.“畫龍點(diǎn)睛”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)用來(lái)比喻講話或?qū)懳恼聲r(shí)，在關(guān)鍵地方加一兩句重要的話，使內(nèi)容更加生動(dòng)有力。Thisidiomisusedtodescribehow,whenwritingorspeaking,oneortwokeysentenceswillenhancethecontents.畫蛇添足DrawingasnakeandAddingFeet戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代有個(gè)楚國(guó)人祭他的祖先。儀式結(jié)束后，他拿出一壺酒賞給手下的幾個(gè)人。大家商量說：“我們都來(lái)畫蛇，誰(shuí)先畫好誰(shuí)就喝這壺酒。”其中有一個(gè)人先畫好了。但他看到同伴還沒有畫完，就又給蛇添上了腳。這時(shí)，另一個(gè)人也畫好了，奪過酒壺吧酒喝了，并且說：“蛇本來(lái)是沒有腳的，你怎么能給它添上腳呢？”IntheWarringStatesPeriod,amanintheStateofChuwasofferingasacrificetohisancestors.Aftertheceremony,themangaveabeakerofwinetohisservants.Theservantsthoughtthattherewasnotenoughwineforallthem,anddecidedtoeachdrawapictureofasnake;theonewhofinishedthepicturefirstwouldgetthewine.Oneofthemdrewveryrapidly.Seeingthattheotherswerestillbusydrawing,headdedfeettothesnake.Atthismomentanothermanfinished,snatchedthebeakeranddrankthewine,saying,'Asnakedoesn'thavefeet.Howcanyouaddfeettoasnake?'“畫蛇添足”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻做了多余而不恰當(dāng)?shù)氖?，反而把事情弄糟了。Thisidiomreferstoruiningaventurebydoingunnecessaryandsurplusthings.班門弄斧ShowingOffOne'sProficiencywiththeAxeBeforeLuBantheMasterCarpenter古代有一個(gè)建筑和雕刻技術(shù)非常高超的人，名叫魯班，木匠行里尊稱他為祖師。傳說他曾用木頭制作了一只五彩斑斕的鳳凰，能夠在空中飛翔三天不掉下來(lái)。在魯班門前擺弄斧子，當(dāng)然顯得有些自不量力了。LuBanwassupposedtobeaconsummatecarpenterinancienttimes.Itissaidthatheoncecarvedawoodenphoenixthatwassolifelikethatitactuallyflewintheskyforthreedays.Thusitwasconsideredtheheightoffollytoshowoffone'sskillwithanaxeinfrontofLuBan.“班門弄斧”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)，用來(lái)比喻在行家面前顯示本領(lǐng)。Thisidiomexcoriatesthosewhoshowofftheirslightaccomplishmentsinfrontofexperts.怒發(fā)沖冠SoAngryThatOne'sHairLiftsUpOne'sHat戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代，趙國(guó)的大臣藺相如出使到秦國(guó)。在他向秦王索回玉璧的時(shí)候，秦王蠻不講理，藺相如氣憤得連頭發(fā)都豎了起來(lái)，向上沖著帽子。IntheWarringStatesPeriod,LinXiangru,chiefmin-isteroftheStateofZhao,wassentasanenvoytotheStateofQintoasktherulerofQintoreturnafinepieceofjadetoZhao.ButtherulerofQinwasrudeandunreasonable.Linwasangry,andhishairstoodupsostifflyonhisheadthatitlifteduphishat.后來(lái)人們用“怒發(fā)沖冠”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)形容人憤怒到了極點(diǎn)。Thisidiomcametobeusedtomeanbeingextremelyangry.畫餅充饑AllayingHungerwithPicturesofCakes三國(guó)時(shí)代魏國(guó)的皇帝曹睿，準(zhǔn)備選拔一個(gè)有才能的人到朝廷來(lái)做官。曹睿對(duì)他的大臣說：“選擇人才，不能光找有虛名的人。虛名好像是在地上畫的一塊餅，只能看，不能解決肚子饑餓的問題?。　盜ntheThreeKingdomsPeriod(220-280),thekingoftheWei,CaoRui,wantedtoselectaverycapablemantoworkforhim.

Hesaidtohisministers:'Whenchoosingatalentedperson,alwaysbewareofonewithafalsereputation.Afalsereputationisjust

腹有詩(shī)書氣自華腹有詩(shī)書氣自華腹有詩(shī)書氣自華精品文檔你我共享likeapictureofacake;itcan'trelievehunger.'后來(lái)人們就用“畫餅充饑”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻用空想安慰自己，不能解決實(shí)際問題。Later,thisidiomcametobeusedtomeancomfortingoneselfwithunrealisticthoughts,withoutsolvingpracticalproblems.一鳴驚人AmazingtheWorldwithaSingleFeat戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代，齊威王即位后做了三年國(guó)君，只顧享樂，不理政事。有個(gè)善于說笑話的人叫淳于髡，一天對(duì)齊威王說：“城里有一只大鳥，三年不飛也不叫，你知道這是什么道理？”齊威王說：“這鳥不飛則罷，一飛就沖天；不鳴則罷，一鳴就驚人?！痹诖居邝盏募ぐl(fā)下，齊威王開始治理國(guó)家，取得很大成績(jī)，齊國(guó)的聲威一直保持了幾十年。IntheWarringStatesPeriod,DukeWeiofQineglectedstateaffairs,forthefirstthreeyearsofhisreign,givinghimselfovertodissipation.Oneofhisministers,ChunYukunwhohadagoodsenseofhumour,saidtohim:'Thereisabigbirdwhichhasneithertakenwingnorsungforthreeyears.'Thedukeanswered,'Oncethatbirdstartstoflyandsing,itwillastonishtheworld.'Thedukethereupondevotedhimselftohisdutiesandbuilthisstateupintoapowerfulone.“一鳴驚人”用來(lái)表示平時(shí)默默無(wú)聞，一旦行動(dòng)起來(lái)，卻做出驚人的成績(jī)。Thisidiomisusedtoindicatethatapersonmayrisefromobscurityandachievegreatness.守株待兔SittingbyaStump,WaitingforaCarelessHare春秋時(shí)代，宋國(guó)有個(gè)農(nóng)夫，一天在耕田的時(shí)候，忽然跑來(lái)一只兔子，恰巧碰在樹樁上，脖子折斷死了。農(nóng)夫把兔子拾回家去，美美地吃了一頓兔肉。晚上他想：“我何必辛辛苦苦地種地呢？每天在樹下能撿到一只兔子就夠我吃的了。”于是，他從此不再耕作，每天坐在樹下等待兔子的到來(lái)。IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,afarmerintheStateofSongwasonedayworkinginthefieldswhenhesawarabbitbumpintoatreestumpaccidentallyandbreakitsneck.Thefarmertooktherabbithome,andcookedhimselfadeliciousmeal.Thatnighthethought,'Ineedn'tworksohard.AllIhavetodoiswaitforarabbiteachdaybythestump.'Sofromthenonhegaveupfarming,andsimplysatbythestumpwaitingforrabbitstocomeandrunintoit.“守株待兔”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)，譏笑那些不想經(jīng)過努力，存在僥幸心理，希望得到意外收獲的人。Thisidiomsatirizesthosewhojustwaitforastrokeofluck,ratherthanmakingeffortstoobtainwhattheyneed.狐假虎威BaskinginReflectedGlory老虎在山林里捉到了一只狐貍，要吃掉它。狐貍連忙說：“你不能吃我，我是天帝派來(lái)統(tǒng)治百獸的。你要吃了我，就違抗了天帝的命令。你不信，就跟我到山林里去一趟，看百獸見了我是不是都很害怕。”老虎相信了狐貍的話，就跟在狐貍的后面走進(jìn)山林。百獸見了果然都紛紛逃命。老虎以為百獸真的害怕狐貍而不知道是害怕自己，于是就把狐貍給放了。Atigercaughtafoxinaforest,andwasjustabouttoeatit,whenthefoxsaid,'Youmustn'teatme.IwassentbyHeaventoruletheanimals.Byeatingme,youwillviolatethecommandofHeaven.Ifyoudon'tbelieveme,justfollowmetoseewhethertheanimalsareafraidofme.'Thetigeragreed,andfollowedthefoxasitwalkedaroundtheforest.Theanimalsallranawayonseeingthem.Thetigerthoughttheywereafraidofthefox,soheletitgo.Hedidn'trealisethatitwashimthatthebeastswerereallyafraidof.“狐假虎威”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)用來(lái)比喻倚仗別人的勢(shì)力去欺壓人或嚇唬人。Thisidiommeansrelyingonanother'spowertobullyorfrightenothers.破鏡重圓ABrokenMirrorMadeWholeAgian南朝陳國(guó)(公元557-589)將要滅亡的時(shí)候，駙馬徐德言把一面銅鏡破開，跟妻子各留下一半。雙方約定：如果將來(lái)夫妻失散了，就把它當(dāng)作信物。后來(lái)，夫妻二人真的失散了，憑借著各人留下的半面鏡子，他們最終又得到團(tuán)圓。IntheNorthernandSouthernDynastieswhentheStateofChen(A.D.557-589)wasfacingitsdemise,XuDeyan,husbandoftheprincess,brokeabronzemirrorintohalves.Eachofthemkeptahalfastokensincasetheywereseparated.Soonafterwards,theydidlosetouchwitheachother,butthetwohalvesofthemirrorenabledthemtobereunited.精品文檔你我共享精品文檔你我共享“破鏡重圓”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻夫妻失散或分離后重新團(tuán)聚。Thisidiomisusedtorefertothereunionofacoupleaftertheylosetouchorbreakup.一鼓作氣RousingtheSpiritswiththeFirstDrumRoll春秋時(shí)代，齊國(guó)派兵攻打魯國(guó)。魯國(guó)的國(guó)王魯莊公帶著謀士曹劌指揮作戰(zhàn)。齊軍第一次擊鼓以后，魯軍準(zhǔn)備發(fā)起進(jìn)攻。曹劌說：“不行。”齊軍三次擊鼓以后，曹劌才說：“現(xiàn)在可以進(jìn)攻了。”結(jié)果齊軍大敗。戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束后，魯莊公問曹劌勝利的原因。曹劌說：“打仗要考勇氣。第一次擊鼓，士氣十分旺盛；第二次擊鼓，士氣有些衰落；第三次擊鼓，士氣就消耗盡了。敵人士氣耗盡，我們發(fā)起進(jìn)攻，所以取得了勝利?！盌uringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,anarmyfromtheStateofQiconfrontedonefromtheStateofLu.AfterthefirstrollofdrumsfromtheQisidetosummonLutobattle,theLurulerwantedtoattack.ButhiscounsellorCaoGuisaid,'Weshouldwaituntilthethirddrumroll,sire.'AftertheQisidehadbeatenthedrumsthreetimes,theLuarmyattackedanddefeatedtheQiarmy.Afterthebattle,thekingaskedCaoGuithereasonforhisoddadvice.CaoGuianswered,'Fightingneedsspirit.Theirspiritwasarousedbythefirstrollorthedrums,butwasdepletedbythesecond.Anditwascompletelyexhaustedbythethird.Westartedtoattackwhentheirspiritwasexhausted.That'swhywewon.'后來(lái)，“一鼓作氣”形容鼓起勁頭，一下子把事情干完。Thisidiomlatermeanttogetsomethingdonewithonesustainedeffort.葉公好龍LordYeLovesDragons傳說古代有個(gè)葉公，非常喜歡龍。他家里的墻上、柱子上、門窗上到處都畫滿了龍，連日常生活用的東西上也畫著龍。天上的真龍知道了。非常感動(dòng)，就下降到他住的地方，將頭伸進(jìn)窗戶，尾巴拖在廳堂。葉公一見真龍。嚇得臉都變了顏色，拔腿就跑。InancienttimestherewasamancalledYeGongwhowasveryfondofdragons.Inhishomeeverything,includingthewalls,windows,doorsandevenarticlesofdailyuse,weredecoratedwithdragondesigns.Arealdragonwasquiteimpressedwhenitheardaboutthis,soitwenttovisitYeGong.However,whenitstuckitsheadthroughthewindowYeGongwasfrightenedandranaway.“葉公好龍”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻表面上愛好某種事物，但實(shí)際上并不真正愛好?；蛘呒傺b愛好，實(shí)際懼怕。Thisidiomsatirizesthosewhoprofesstolikeorsupportsomething,butareaversetoitinactualpractice.濫竽充數(shù)PassingOneselfOffasaMemberoftheOrchestra戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代，齊宣王非常喜歡聽吹竽，而且每次總要三百人同時(shí)吹。有一個(gè)南郭先生，本來(lái)不會(huì)吹竽，也混在中間湊數(shù)。后來(lái)，齊宣王死了，他的兒子齊湣王繼位。湣王不喜歡聽很多人同時(shí)吹竽，而要聽一個(gè)人一個(gè)人地吹。南郭先生知道自己沒辦法再混下去了，就偷偷地溜走了。IntheWarringStatesPeriod,KingXuanoftheStateofQilovedtolistentotheyu--anancientwindinstrument.Hewouldorder300musiciansatatimetoplaytheyuforhim.MrNanGuo,whocouldn'tplaytheinstrument,passedhimselfoffasoneofthemusicians.WhenKingXuandied,hissonKingMinsucceededtothethrone.KingMinalsolovedyu,buthepreferredsoloperformances.MrNanGuothereuponslippedawayfromtheorchestra.“濫竽充數(shù)”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻沒有本領(lǐng)而冒充有本領(lǐng)，或者拿次貨冒充好貨。Thisidiomisusedtodescribethosewhohavenoactualskillsbutpretendtobeexperts,orthepassingoffofinferiorthingsashighqualityones.草木皆兵EveryBushandTreeLookslikeanEnemy公元383年，前秦國(guó)王苻堅(jiān)帶了80萬(wàn)大軍攻打東晉。在淝水一帶，被晉朝大將謝玄的前鋒部隊(duì)打得大敗。苻堅(jiān)登上壽陽(yáng)城，看見晉軍陣容嚴(yán)整，心里害怕起來(lái)。再遠(yuǎn)望八公山上長(zhǎng)著許多草和樹木，也以為是東晉的士兵，更加驚恐萬(wàn)分。后來(lái)苻堅(jiān)終于全軍覆沒，帶著少數(shù)殘余的隊(duì)伍逃了回去。InAD383,thekingofFormerQin,FuJian,ledahugearmytoattackEasternJin.Afterlosingthefirstroundoffighting,FuJianlookeddownfromacitywall,andwasterrifiedwhenhesawtheformidablebattlearrayoftheEasternJinarmy.Andthenlookingatthemountainaround,hemistookthegrassandtreesforenemysoldiers.Asaresult,whenthenervousFuJianledhis腹有詩(shī)書氣自華精品文檔你我共享精品文檔你我共享腹有詩(shī)書氣自華腹有詩(shī)書氣自華armyintobattle,itsufferedacrushingdefeat.這個(gè)成語(yǔ)用來(lái)形容人在極度驚恐時(shí)，疑神疑鬼的心理狀態(tài)。Thisidiomdescribeshowonecandefeatoneselfbyimaginingdifficulties.三顧茅廬PayingThreeVisitstotheCottage三國(guó)時(shí)，諸葛亮居住在隆中的茅蘆里，劉備聽說諸葛亮很有學(xué)識(shí)，又有才能，就帶著禮物去請(qǐng)他出來(lái)輔助自己打天下。劉備一共去了三次，最后才見到諸葛亮。諸葛亮見劉備十分誠(chéng)懇，終于答應(yīng)了他的請(qǐng)求。從此，諸葛亮用全部精力輔助劉備，在軍事上和政治上取得了巨大的勝利。IntheThreeKingdomsPeriod,ZhugeLianglivedinseclusioninathatchedcottage.LiuBei,hearingthatZhugeLiangwasveryknowledgeableandcapable,wenttovisithim,takinggifts,hopingthatZhugeLiangwouldagreetoassisthimwithstatecraft.HehadtomakethreevisitsbeforeZhugeLiangagreedtodoso,impressedbyhissincerity.Fromthenon,ZhugeLianghelpedLiuBeiwithallhisheart,andmadegreatachievementsinboththemilitaryandpoliticalspheres.“三顧茅廬”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)用來(lái)比喻誠(chéng)心誠(chéng)意地一再邀請(qǐng)人家。Thisidiommeanspersistingwithsincerity.掩耳盜鈴PluggingOne'sEarsWhileStealingaBell春秋時(shí)代，晉國(guó)有一個(gè)人看中了別人的一口銅鐘，想把它偷回自己家里。鐘又大又重，抱不動(dòng)也背不動(dòng)。他腦子一轉(zhuǎn)，想出了一個(gè)辦法：把鐘砸碎，再一塊一塊地拿回家。于是他拿起了錘子就砸。剛一砸，鐘就發(fā)出“當(dāng)，當(dāng)，當(dāng)”的響聲。他怕別人聽見，急忙把自己的耳朵堵了起來(lái)。這個(gè)人以為自己聽不見別人也就聽不見了。IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,amanintheStateofJintookafancytoabronzebellandwantedtostealit.Thebellwastoolargeandheavytobemovedaway,sohedecidedtosmashittopieces.Butwhenhishammerstruckthebell,itgaveoutadeepboomingsound.Fearingthathemightbeheard,hecoveredhisears,andcarriedonwiththework.“掩耳盜鐘”后來(lái)變成“掩耳盜鈴”，用來(lái)諷刺自作聰明，自己欺騙自己。Thisidiomcomesfromtheabovestory.Itisusedtosatirizethosewhotheyaresmartbutonlydeceivethemselves.臥薪嘗膽SleepingonBrushwoodandTastingGall春秋時(shí)代，越國(guó)被吳國(guó)打敗了。越王勾踐和他的妻子都被帶到吳國(guó)做苦工。后來(lái)勾踐被放回越國(guó)，他立志要報(bào)亡國(guó)之仇。從此，他每天夜里睡在柴草上面，不用被褥。在他住的地方，懸掛著一個(gè)苦膽，吃飯前，都要嘗一嘗苦膽的味道，以提醒自己不忘過去的恥辱。經(jīng)過十年的艱苦奮斗，越國(guó)終于戰(zhàn)勝了吳國(guó)。IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,theStateofWudefeatedtheStateofYue,andtookthekingofYue,GouJian,andhiswifeprisoner.Forseveralyears,GouJianlabouredasaslaveinWu.WhenhewasreleasedandreturnedtoYue,GouJianwasdeterminedtotakerevengeforlosinghisstate.Sothathewouldneverforgethishumiliation,hesleptonapileofbrushwoodandtastedgallbeforeeverymeal.Aftertenyearsofcarefulpreparations,heattackedandfinallyconqueredtheStateofWu.“臥薪嘗膽”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)用來(lái)形容刻苦自勵(lì)，奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)。Thisidiomisusedtodescribeinspiringoneselfandworkinghardtoaccomplishanambition.胸有成竹HavingaReadyFormedPlan宋朝畫家文同，特別喜歡畫竹子。他在園子里種了許多竹子，經(jīng)常仔細(xì)觀察竹子的生長(zhǎng)過程，特別是在晴天，雨后以及春夏秋冬不同的季節(jié)下竹子的各種形態(tài)，對(duì)竹子有了較深切的了解。一旦到他提別繪畫時(shí)，他的胸中早已有了竹子的形象，所以總是能夠把竹子畫得生動(dòng)逼真，活靈活現(xiàn)。IntheSongDynasty,anartistcalledWenTongwasespeciallyfondofdrawingbamboos.Heplantedalotofbamboosinhisgardensothathecouldobservetheprocessoftheirgrowthandappearanceindifferentseasons.Heknewbamboossowellthatwheneverhetookupthepaintbrushhealreadyhadapictureinhismind,andthushecouldalwayspaintbamboosinavividandlivelyway.“胸有成竹”用來(lái)比喻在做事情以前，已經(jīng)有了充分成熟的考慮，因而成功的把握很大。Thisidiomisusedtoindicatehavingawellthoughtoutplanalreadybeforeonesetsouttodosomething,makingsuccessassured.笑里藏刀HidingaDaggerBehindaSmile唐朝有一個(gè)大臣李義府，表面上對(duì)人溫和恭順，跟人談話總是面帶微笑。但是，內(nèi)心深處卻十分陰險(xiǎn)毒辣。凡是能力比他強(qiáng)大的人，他都要設(shè)法加以打擊和謀害。當(dāng)時(shí)人們稱他是“笑中刀”。IntheTangDynasty,therewasaministercalledLuYifuwhowasalwaysaffableandsmiling.Butinhishearthewasverysinisterandruthless.Heconstantlyschemedagainstpeoplehesawaspossiblerivals.Hewascalled'Theknifeinthesmile'.“笑里藏刀”是由“笑中刀”轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的，比喻表面裝得善良和氣，而內(nèi)心暗藏陰險(xiǎn)毒辣。Thisidiom,derivedfromtheabovestory,meansdisguisingaruthlessnaturebehindapleasantappearance.老馬識(shí)途AnOldHorseKnowstheWay春秋時(shí)代，齊桓公出征攻打北方一個(gè)小國(guó)。去的時(shí)候是春天，遍地綠草茵茵。回來(lái)的時(shí)候是冬天，白雪茫茫，狂風(fēng)怒吼，于是齊桓公的隊(duì)伍迷失了方向。找不到回去的路，大家都很著急。這時(shí)，齊桓公的宰相管仲說：“可以利用老馬的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！庇谑驱R桓公派人挑選了幾匹老馬在前面引路，果然走出了迷谷，找到了回去的道路。IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,DukeHuanofQiledanarmytoattackasmallstateinthenorth.Theywentinspringwhengreengrasscoveredtheground.Butwhentheycamebackitwaswinter.Everywherewaswhitewithsnowandthewindwashowling.Thetroopslosttheirway.Whileeverybodywasworrying,GuanZhong,theduke'schiefminister,suggested:'Anoldhorsemayknowtheway.'Sothedukeorderedseveraloldhorsetobeselectedtoleadthearmy.Finally,theyfoundthewaybackhome.“老馬識(shí)途”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)用來(lái)比喻有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人，熟悉情況，辦事效果好。Thisidiomreferstothevalueofexperience.如火如荼LikeaRagingFire春秋時(shí)代，吳王夫差想做幾個(gè)小國(guó)的霸主，率領(lǐng)三萬(wàn)軍隊(duì)向晉軍挑戰(zhàn)。他命令將士們以一萬(wàn)人為單位擺成一個(gè)正方形的陣勢(shì)。當(dāng)中的都穿白色衣服，拿著白色的旗幟，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去就像遍地盛開著白色荼花。左邊的穿紅色衣服，拿著紅色的旗幟，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去就像滿上燃燒著熊熊火焰。右邊的穿黑色衣服，拿著黑色的旗幟，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去就像滿天結(jié)集著濃密的烏云。夫差想利用這種聲勢(shì)去壓倒對(duì)方。DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,DukeFuChaiofWuledahugearmyagainsttheStateofJin.Heorderedhismentoformthreesquarecontingents.Themiddleonewasdressedinwhiteandholdingwhiteflags,whichlookedfromadistancejustliketheflowersofafieldfullofreeds.Theleftunitwasinredandholdingredflags,whichlookedfromafarlikeflamingfirealloverthemountains.Therightunitwasinblackandholdingblackflags,whichlookedfromadistancelikethickblackcloudscoveringthesky.FuChaiwastryingtopresenttotheenemyashowofoverwhelmingforce.“如火如荼”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)形容氣勢(shì)旺盛，場(chǎng)面熱烈的景象。Thisidiomdescribesasceneofgreatmomentumandexuberance.天衣無(wú)縫DivineGarmentsWithoutSeams唐朝有個(gè)人叫郭翰。一個(gè)夏天的晚上，月光非常明亮。他忽然看見天空中有個(gè)女子輕盈而緩慢地飄落下來(lái)。他仔細(xì)地觀察那個(gè)女子，發(fā)現(xiàn)她身上穿的衣服連一條縫也沒有，感到非常奇怪，便問那個(gè)女子。女子回答說：“天衣本來(lái)就用不著針線縫合的呀！”TherewasamancalledGuoHanintheTangDynasty(618-907).Onesummernight,whenthemoonwasverybright,hesuddenlysawagirldescendingslowlyfromthesky.Heobservedthegirlclosely,andfoundthatthedressshewaswearingwasseamless.Hewaspuzzled,andaskedwhy.Thegirlanswered,'Heavenlyclothesarenotsewnwithneedleandthread.'“天衣無(wú)縫”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)用來(lái)比喻處理事情十分周密，不露一點(diǎn)痕跡。也比喻詩(shī)文寫得很精辟，找不出一點(diǎn)毛病。Thisidiomisusedmetaphoricallytoindicatetheflawlesshandlingofthings.Itcanalsobeusedtoindicateaperfectlywrittenpoemorotherliteraryarticle.朝三暮四ThreeintheMorningandFourintheEvening春秋時(shí)代，宋國(guó)有一個(gè)人，養(yǎng)了一大群猴子。這些猴子能夠聽懂主人說的話。過了一段時(shí)間，主人家里窮了，想限制一下猴子每天吃的糧食。于是對(duì)猴子說：“每天給你們吃的橡子，早上三個(gè)，晚上四個(gè)，夠了嗎？”猴子們聽了，都怒氣沖沖地站立起來(lái)。主人精品文檔你我共享精品文檔你我共享又說：“早上四個(gè)，晚上三個(gè)，夠了嗎？”猴子么聽了，都趴在地上表示滿意。IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,amanintheStateofSongraisedmonkeys.Themonkeyscouldunderstandwhathesaid.Asthemanbecamepoor,hewantedtoreducethemonkeys'food.Hefirstsuggestedthathegivethemthreeacornsinthemorningandfouracornsintheevening.Thereupon,themonkeysprotestedangrily.Thentheirownersaid,'Howaboutfourinthemorningandthreeintheevening?'Themonkeysweresatisfiedwiththat.“朝三暮四”原來(lái)表示欺騙和愚弄的手段，以后改用來(lái)比喻說話、做事反復(fù)無(wú)常。Thisidiomoriginallymeanttobefoolotherswithtricks.Lateritisusedtomeantokeepchangingone'smind.指鹿為馬CallingaStagaHorse秦朝丞相趙高想篡奪帝位，怕群臣們不服氣，就想了一個(gè)辦法來(lái)試一試大家。他牽來(lái)一只鹿獻(xiàn)給皇帝說：“這是一匹馬?！被实坌χf：“丞相你弄錯(cuò)了吧？這是一只鹿?！壁w高就問旁邊的大臣們。他們有的不做聲，有的跟著趙高說是馬，也有說是鹿的。凡是說鹿的人，后來(lái)都被趙高殺了。從此以后，群臣都害怕趙高。IntheQinDynasty,theprimeminister,ZhaoGao,plottedtousurpthethrone.Fearingthattheotherministerswouldopposethis,hethoughtofawayoftestingthem.Hepresentedadeertotheemperor,andsaid,'Thisisahorse.'Theemperorlaughed,andsaid,'Youmustbejoking;thisisadeer.'ThenZhaoGaoaskedtheministerspresent.Somekeptsilent,someagreedthatitwasahorse,andotherssaidthatitwasadeer.LaterZhaoGaohadalltheministerswhohadsaidthatitwasadeerkilled.“指鹿為馬”用來(lái)比喻故意顛倒黑白，混淆是非。Thismetaphordescribesdistortingfactsbycallingwhiteblack.杯弓蛇影MistakingtheReflectionofaBowforaSnake晉朝(公元265--420)時(shí)，有一個(gè)叫樂廣的人，請(qǐng)他的朋友到家里喝酒。朋友端起酒杯喝酒的時(shí)候，忽然看見杯子里面有條小蛇的影子，他當(dāng)時(shí)勉強(qiáng)將酒喝下。而回家后總是想起這件令人惡心的事，以至于生了病。樂廣知道后，就把朋友再次請(qǐng)來(lái)，還是坐在原來(lái)的地方喝酒。那位朋友這才弄明白了，原來(lái)杯中的蛇影，是墻上掛著的一張弓映照出來(lái)的。事情弄明白了，病也就好了。IntheJinDynasty(265-420),amancalledYueGuangonceinvitedafriendtohaveadrinkathishome.Whenthefriendliftedhiscup,hesawasmallsnakeinthewine,yetheforcedhimselftodrink.Backhome,thefriendrecalledtheincident,andfeltsodisgustedthathefellill.Hearingaboutthis,YueGuanginvitedhisfriendagain.Heaskedhimtositinthesameplaceanddrink.Thenhisfriendsawthattheimageofthesnakeinthecupwasactuallythereflectionofabowhungonthewall.Realisingthis,thefriendrecoveredquickly.這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻疑神疑鬼，自相驚擾。Thisidiomindicatesaconditionofbeingoversuspiciousbringingtroubleononeself.夜郎自大TheConceitedKingofYelang在漢朝時(shí)，西南邊境上有一個(gè)小國(guó)，叫夜郎國(guó)。這個(gè)國(guó)家雖然很小，但是國(guó)王卻很驕傲，自以為他的國(guó)家很大，很了不起。有一次，漢朝的使者訪問夜郎國(guó)，國(guó)王問使者：“漢朝與我們夜郎國(guó)比較，哪一個(gè)大呢？”IntheHanDynasty,therewasatinycountrycalledYelangonthesouthwesternborder.Smallthoughitwas,itsrulerwasquiteproudofhiscountry,thinkingitbigandpowerful.OnceaHanenvoyvisitedYelang.Theruleraskedhim:'whichisbigger,HanorYelang?'后來(lái)人們就把本來(lái)沒有什么能耐，卻自以為很了不起而瞧不起別人，說成“夜郎自大”。Laterthisidiomcametobeusedtorefertothosewhoarecapableofnothingyetareconceited.黔驢技窮TheGuizhouDonkeyHasExhaustedItsTricks從前，貴州沒有驢子。有人從外地帶回一頭驢子，拴在山下。一只老虎看到了，以為是什么怪物，急忙躲到樹林中去偷偷地瞧。驢子大叫一聲，老虎嚇了一跳，以為驢子要吃掉自己。時(shí)間一長(zhǎng)，老虎覺得驢子并沒有什么惡意，逐漸走近去戲弄它，觸犯它。驢子生氣了，用蹄子踢老虎。老虎心里想：“你的本領(lǐng)不過就是如此??！”于是立即撲過去，一口把它咬死吃掉了。InancienttimestherewerenodonkeysinGuizhouProvince.Somebodybroughtadonkeyfromsomewhereandtiedittoatreeatthefootofamountain.Atigersawthedonkey,andthoughtthatitmustbeafearsomemonster.Ithidbehindatreeandspiedonthedonkey.Whenthedonkeybrayed,thetigerwasfrightened,thinkingthatthedonkeywasabouttodevourit.Afterawhile,seeingthatthedonkeyhadnotmoved,thetigerapproacheditandteasedit.Thedonkeybecameangry,andkickedthetiger.Thetigerthoughttoitself:'Isthatallitiscapableof?'Itthenjumpedonthedonkeyandateit.腹有詩(shī)書氣自華“黔驢技窮”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻僅有的一點(diǎn)本事也用完了，再?zèng)]有別的辦法了。Thisidiomisusedtomeanthatonehasexhaustedone'sskills.揠苗助長(zhǎng)PullingUpSeedlingstoHelpThemGrow春秋時(shí)代，宋國(guó)有個(gè)急性子的種田人，莊稼長(zhǎng)出禾苗以后，他每天都去觀看，總嫌禾苗長(zhǎng)得太慢。一天，他跑到田地里去，把禾苗一棵棵往上拔。然后很疲倦地回到家，對(duì)家里人說：“今天我?guī)椭堂玳L(zhǎng)高了！”家里人一聽，趕忙跑到田里去看，禾苗全部都枯萎了。IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,therewasafarmerwhowasimpatientbynature.Hethoughthisriceshootsweregrowingtooslowly,sohedecidedtohelpthembypullingthem.Onedayatdusk,hewentbackhomedog-tiredandsaidtohisfamily:'Ihelpedthericeshootsgrowtoday.'Hearingthis,hissonhurriedtothefield,onlytofindthatalltheplantshadwithered.“揠苗助長(zhǎng)”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在多寫成“拔苗助長(zhǎng)”，比喻違背事物發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律，急于求成，反而把事情弄遭。Thisidiomisnowoftenwritten拔苗助長(zhǎng).Itreferstospoilingthingsbecauseofbeingover-anxiousforresultsandignoringthelawofnature.打草驚蛇BeatingtheGrassandFlushingOuttheSnake古時(shí)候有一個(gè)縣官，貪污受賄，謀取私利。有一次，有人寫了一個(gè)狀子，控告他的秘書貪污受賄。這個(gè)縣官一邊看狀子，一邊直打寒顫。他在狀子后面寫了八個(gè)字：“汝雖打草，吾已驚蛇?！保ā澳汶m然打的是地上的草，但我就像伏在草里面的蛇，已經(jīng)受到驚嚇了?！保㊣nancienttimestherewasacountymagistratewhotookbribesandpractisedgraft.Oneday,somebodysenthimapetitionaccusinghissecretaryofpractisinggraftandtakingbribes.Themagistratetrembledwhenhereadthepetition.Hewroteonit:'Youhavebeatenthegrassandfrightenedasnake.'這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻做機(jī)密的事行動(dòng)不小心，使對(duì)方覺察后有所防備。Thisidiomreferstoalertingthetargetofone'sschemebybeingincautious.details:唐朝的時(shí)候，有一個(gè)名叫王魯?shù)娜?，他在衙門做官的時(shí)候，常常接受賄賂、不遵守法規(guī)。有一天，有人遞了一張狀紙到衙門，控告王魯?shù)牟肯逻`法、接受賄賂。王魯一看，狀紙上所寫的各種罪狀，和他自己平日的違法行為一模一樣。王魯一邊看著狀紙，一邊發(fā)著抖：「這...這不是在說我嗎？」王魯愈看愈害怕，都忘狀紙要怎么批，居然在狀紙上寫下了八個(gè)大字：「汝雖打草，吾已蛇驚?！挂馑季褪钦f你這樣做，目的是為了打地上的草，但我就像是躲在草里面的蛇一樣，可是被大大的嚇了一跳了！后來(lái)，大家就根據(jù)王魯所寫的八個(gè)字「汝雖打草，吾已蛇驚」，引伸為“打草驚蛇”這句成語(yǔ)，用來(lái)形容對(duì)付別人的時(shí)候，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)無(wú)心的小動(dòng)作，卻讓對(duì)方覺察到而提防警覺。狼狽為奸AwolfWorkingHandinGlovewithaJackal狼和狽常常結(jié)伴出外傷害牲畜。有一次，狼和狽一起來(lái)到一個(gè)羊圈外面。羊圈很高，又很堅(jiān)固，叼不走里面的羊。狼和狽就想了一個(gè)辦法：因?yàn)槔堑那澳_長(zhǎng)后腳短，狽的前腳短后腳長(zhǎng)，狼騎在狽的頸上，狽用長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的后腳站起來(lái)，狼就用長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的前腳攀住羊圈，終于把羊叼走了。Awolfandajackaloftenwenthuntingtogether.Oncetheycametoasheepfoldthewallsofwhichwerefirmlybuiltandtoohighforthemtogetover.Thentheyhadanidea:Sincethewolfhadlongforelegsandshorthindlegswhilethejackalhadshortforelegsandlonghindlegs,thewolfstoodontheneckofthejackal,andthejackalstooduponitshindlegs.Inthiswasthewolfclimbedoverthewalltowherethesheepwere.“狼狽為奸”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻壞人互相勾結(jié)起來(lái)干壞事。Thisidiomisusedtodescribedoingevilthingsincollusionwithothers.details:源于唐代段成式的《酉陽(yáng)雜俎》。據(jù)說狼和狽是一類動(dòng)物。狼的前腿長(zhǎng)，后腿短；狽則相反，前腿短，后腿長(zhǎng)。狽每次出去都必腹有詩(shī)書氣自華須依靠狼，把它的前腿搭在狼的后腿上才能行動(dòng)，否則就會(huì)寸步難行。有一次，狼和狽走到一個(gè)人家的羊圈外面，雖然里面有許多只羊，但是羊圈既高又堅(jiān)固，于是它們想出了一個(gè)好主意：讓狼騎在狽的脖子上，再由狽用兩條長(zhǎng)的后腿直立起來(lái)，把狼馱得很高，然后，狼就用它兩條長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的前腳，攀住羊圈，把羊叼走。從此，人們用“狼狽為奸”來(lái)比喻互相勾結(jié)，共干壞事。為虎作倀HelpingtheTigertoPounceuponItsVictims古代有個(gè)奇怪的傳說：有一只老虎把人咬死以后，吃掉人身上的肉，卻不讓他的靈魂離開。這個(gè)靈魂下次還要幫著老虎去吃人，這樣的人叫倀鬼。倀鬼帶著老虎去尋找第二個(gè)人，讓老虎再把那個(gè)人咬死、吃掉，這時(shí)倀鬼才能夠獲得自由。Anancientlegendhasitthatatigerateaman,andtheman'ssoulcouldnotbefreeduntilitfoundanothermanforthetigertoeat.這個(gè)可笑的傳說，后來(lái)就變成了“為虎作倀”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)，用來(lái)比喻替惡人做幫兇，引誘或幫助惡人干壞事。Thisidiommeanstodoevilthingsintheserviceofthewicked.望洋興嘆GazingattheOceanandSighing有一年秋天，河里發(fā)了大水，河水淹沒了田地和樹林，到處都是白茫茫的一片。河神看到這種景象，自以為很偉大，很了不起。他順著河水來(lái)到了北海，望見海洋無(wú)邊無(wú)際，水幾乎和天空連在一起，這時(shí)他才感嘆起來(lái)，覺得自己真是太渺小了。Oneautumn,theriversflooded,leavingavastexpanseofwatereverywhere.Seeingthis,thegodoftheriverswasfilledwithprideathisvastdomain.HethenjourneyedtotheNorthernSea.Whenhesawthemightyoceanstretchingtothehorizon,herealizedhowpunyheactuallywas,andsighedwithdisappointment.“望洋興嘆”原來(lái)的意思是：看到人家的偉大，才感到自己很渺小?，F(xiàn)在多用來(lái)比喻做事力量不夠，無(wú)從著手，而感到無(wú)可奈何。Thisidiomoriginallymeantfeelingone'sowninsignificanceuponseeinganother'smight.Nowitismostlyusedtoindicatebeingabletodonothingbutsighinthefaceofahugetask.details:秋水時(shí)至，百川灌河；涇流之大，兩渚崖之間，不辨牛馬。于是焉河伯欣然自喜，以天下之美，為盡在己。順流而東行，至于北海，東面而視，不見水端。于是焉年，河伯始旋其面目，望洋向若而嘆曰：“野語(yǔ)有之曰：‘聞道百，以為莫己若者’，我之謂也。且夫我嘗聞少仲尼之聞而輕伯夷之義者。始吾弗信，今我睹子之難窮也。之門，則殆矣，吾吾非至于子長(zhǎng)見笑于大方之家?！弊⑨尮喙喔取⒆⑷氲囊馑?。涇涇水，這里指水脈。涘渚崖一一涘，水邊。渚，水中間現(xiàn)出的小塊陸地。崖，河岸。河伯―――水神。若――――海神的名字。殆糟糕、危險(xiǎn)的意思評(píng)點(diǎn)本文嘲諷了那類“聽講過一些道理，便自以為什么都懂，再?zèng)]有比得上自己的人”，教導(dǎo)我們要善于看到別人的長(zhǎng)處，學(xué)會(huì)取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短。偃旗息鼓ToLowertheBannersandSilencetheDrums三國(guó)時(shí)代，一次曹操與劉備交戰(zhàn)。劉備命令大將趙云、黃忠去搶奪曹操的糧食。曹操帶領(lǐng)大軍追趕趙云。趙云邊打邊退，一直退到營(yíng)寨前，叫士兵打開營(yíng)門，放倒軍旗，停止擂鼓，在營(yíng)外設(shè)好埋伏。曹軍追到，看到這種情景，懷疑有埋伏，就撤退了。IntheThreeKingdomsPeriod,duringabattlebetweenCaoCaoandLiuBei,thelatterorderedhisgeneralsZhaoYunand腹有詩(shī)書氣自華HuangZhongtocaptureCaoCao'ssupplies.CaoCaoledalargeforceagainstZhaoYun,whoretreatedasfarasthegatesofhiscamp.There,heorderedthatthebannersbeloweredandthewardrumssilenced,andthatthecampgatesbeleftwideopen.ZhaoYunthenstationedhistroopsinambushnearly.WhenCaoCaoarrivedandsawthesituation,heimmediatelysuspectedatrapandwithdrewhisforces.“偃旗息鼓”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在用來(lái)比喻停止攻擊或者事情中止。Thisidiomisnowadaysusedtoindicatemetaphoricallyhaltinganattackorceasingallactivities.望梅止渴LookingatPlumstoQuenchtheThirst三國(guó)時(shí)代，有一次曹操帶領(lǐng)軍隊(duì)去打仗。在行軍的路上，找不到水源，士兵們都感到口渴難忍。曹操想出一個(gè)計(jì)策，指著前面一片樹林說：“那里就是一大片梅林，樹上的梅子又甜又酸，可以解渴?！笔勘鴤兟犃耍肫鹈纷拥乃嵛?，一個(gè)個(gè)都留出了口水，再也不覺的口渴了。IntheThreeKingdomsPeriod(220-280),CaoCaowasonceonacampaignduringwhichhismenfailedtofindanywater.CaoCaotoldthem:"Thereareplumtreesahead.Thesweetandsourplumswillrelieveyourthirst."Hearingthis,thesoldiersthoughtoftheplumsandtheirmouthswatered.Thiscuredtheirthirst.“望梅止渴”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻用空想來(lái)安慰自己。Thisidiommeanstocomfortoneselfwithfantasy.病入膏肓TheDiseaseHasAttackedtheVitals春秋時(shí)代，晉景公生了病。病中夢(mèng)見自己的疾病變成兩個(gè)小人再他旁邊談話。一個(gè)說：“我害怕醫(yī)生會(huì)傷害我們?！绷硪粋€(gè)說：“不要怕，我們躲到肓的上面，膏的下面，醫(yī)生能把我們?cè)鯓?！”第二天，醫(yī)生來(lái)給他診斷病情時(shí)說：“你的病沒法子治啦！病在肓上面，膏的下面，藥劑的效力無(wú)法到達(dá)了?！盜ntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,KingJingoftheStateofJinfellill.Onenighthedreamedthatthediseaseturnedintotwosmallfigurestalkingbesidehim.Onesaid,"I'mafraidthedoctorwillhurtus."Theothersaid,"Don'tworry.Wecanhideabovehuangandbelowgao.Thenthedoctorwillbeabletodonothingtous."Thenextday,havingexaminedtheking,thedoctorsaid,"Yourdiseaseisincurable,Iamafraid,YourMajesty.It'sabovehuangandbelowgao,wherenomedicinecanreach."這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻事情已經(jīng)非常嚴(yán)重，到了不可挽救的程度。Thisidiomindicatesahopelesscondition.Notes:膏肓：我國(guó)古代醫(yī)學(xué)上把心尖脂肪叫膏，心臟和隔膜之間叫肓，認(rèn)為是藥力達(dá)不到的地方。四面楚歌SongsofChuonAllSides秦朝末年，楚和漢爭(zhēng)奪天下。楚王項(xiàng)羽被漢王劉邦的軍隊(duì)緊緊地圍困在垓下這個(gè)地方。項(xiàng)羽的兵士已經(jīng)很少，糧食也沒有了，危機(jī)萬(wàn)分。夜里，四面包圍著的漢軍唱起了楚地的民歌。項(xiàng)羽聽了，非常吃驚地說：“漢軍已經(jīng)全部占領(lǐng)了楚國(guó)的土地嗎？為什么在漢軍中有這么多的人會(huì)唱楚歌呢？”說著就從床上爬起來(lái)，帶著殘余的士兵驚慌地逃走了。AttheendoftheQinDynasty(BC221-206),theStateofChuandtheStateofHanfoughtforcontrolofthecountry.XiangYu,thekingofChu,wasbesiegedataplacecalledCaixiabytheHanarmyledbyLiuBang.XiangYuwasinadesperatesituation,withlittlefoodandonlyafewsoldiers.Atnight,thesurroundingHantroopsstartedtosingChufolksongs.XiangYuwasverysurprisedatthis,andsaid,"HasLiuBangoccupiedthewholeofChu?HowcanhehavedraftedsomanyChupeopleintohisarmy?"Thenhefledtogetherwiththeremainderofhisforces.“四面楚歌”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)比喻四面受到敵人的攻擊，處于孤立危急的困境。Thisidiomisusedmetaphoricallytomeantobeinahelplessandcriticalsituation,surroundedbytheenemyonallsides.杞人憂天TheManofQiwhoWorriedThattheSkyWouldFall春秋時(shí)代，杞國(guó)有一個(gè)喜歡胡思亂想的人。一天，他竟然想到，天會(huì)塌下來(lái)，地會(huì)陷下去，自己到哪里去安身？這個(gè)人越想越害怕，整天愁眉苦臉，坐立不安，白天吃不下飯，晚上睡不著覺。后來(lái)有人耐心地開導(dǎo)他，他才放下了心。IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,intheStateofQitherewasamanwhoalwayslethisimaginationrunawaywithhim.Onedayheevenwo