考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川水利職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川水利職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Yourletterarrivedafterthefinaldateforapplication,（）wecan’tconsideryouforthisjob.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consequently

B.remarkably

C.fluently

D.alarmingly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consequently“因此，所以”；B選項(xiàng)remarkably“顯著地，非常地”；C選項(xiàng)fluently“流利地，通暢地”；D選項(xiàng)alarmingly“驚人地，讓人擔(dān)憂(yōu)地”。句意：你的信到的時(shí)候已經(jīng)過(guò)了申請(qǐng)的最后期限，所以我們無(wú)法讓你做這份工作。后半句是前半句事情導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，是因果關(guān)系，所以A選項(xiàng)Consequently“因此，所以”正確。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Mencommitmotoringoffencesaswomen,accordingtotheHomeOfficefigures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ninetimesof

B.asninetimes

C.ninetimesthatof

D.ninetimeasmany

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知本題考查倍數(shù)。與times相關(guān)的倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式為：AisNtimes(形容詞比較級(jí))thanB。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

The________thatshesuggestedfordiscussionwerebasedonthemostrecentmedicalresearch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributions

B.occupations

C.expostulations

D.amendments

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“contribution”，意為“貢獻(xiàn)，捐款”；B選項(xiàng)“occupation”,意為“占有權(quán)，職業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)“expostulation”意為“勸導(dǎo)，忠告”；D選項(xiàng)“amendment”，意為“改善，修正建議”。句意：她建議討論的修正案是基于最新的醫(yī)學(xué)研究。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

本周末，一個(gè)著名網(wǎng)站中止了音樂(lè)和影視的下載服務(wù)，由此引起人們對(duì)多媒體文件共享網(wǎng)站命運(yùn)的嚴(yán)重關(guān)注。自星期六起，通過(guò)進(jìn)入音樂(lè)或電影頻道的路徑被屏蔽，或者被導(dǎo)向其他網(wǎng)站。VeryCD的首席執(zhí)行官黃一孟告訴記者，中止服務(wù)是為了避免著作權(quán)侵權(quán)。

【答案】Thisweekend,awell-knownwebsitesuspendedthedownloadserviceofmusicandmovies,whichcausedseriousconcernaboutthefateofmultimediafilesharingwebsites.SinceSaturday,accesstomusicormoviechannelsviahasbeenblockedordirectedtootherwebsites.VeryCDCEOHuangYimengtoldreportersthatthesuspensionofserviceistoavoidcopyrightinfringement.

5.單選題

Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman:he（

）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presided

B.administered

C.mastered

D.executed

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。presideover“主持”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat（）terrorists.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.kidnapped

B.harassed

C.heckled

D.harbored

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。kidnap“綁架”；harass“擾亂，使煩惱”；heckle“詰問(wèn)，責(zé)問(wèn)”；harbor“庇護(hù)”。句意：總統(tǒng)演講的目的在于要讓那些不大情愿的國(guó)家相信，強(qiáng)硬制裁那些庇護(hù)恐怖分子的國(guó)家是非常有必要的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Thenewsabouttheterriblefloodtheregreatlydiscouraged（）thereforasight-seeing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.usfromgoing

B.ustogo

C.ourgoing

D.ourtogo

【答案】A

【解析】句意:關(guān)于那個(gè)地方的可怕洪水的新聞報(bào)道，使我們不想去那藍(lán)觀光了。

考查固定搭配。discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事。

8.翻譯題

雨落無(wú)聲，記憶擱淺。用心觸摸著那絲絲微雨的柔美，透過(guò)時(shí)空的壁壘，蒼老的故地，深沉的腳印，朦朧的身影，和那被歲月侵蝕的滿(mǎn)懷柔情，在腦海里徘徊得太過(guò)雜亂無(wú)章，每當(dāng)想要細(xì)細(xì)品味時(shí)，卻不知從何道來(lái)。于是只能介乎在半夢(mèng)半醒之間，任滄桑褪盡昔日芳華，孑然一身，譜寫(xiě)出風(fēng)花雪月的篇章。人生若只如初見(jiàn)，那冥冥中注定的驚鴻一瞥，定格一瞬間，卻又轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝，帶走了無(wú)限的想象和無(wú)盡的回憶。

【答案】Rainfallssilently,andmemoryisstranded.Thesoftnessofthegentlerainistouchedbytheheartthroughthebarriersoftimeandspace,theoldhometown,thedeepfootprints,thehazyfigure,andthetenderfeelingsthathavebeenerodedbytheyears.Wanderinginthemessymind,wheneverIwanttoponderit,IdonotknowwhereIshouldstart.ThenIcanonlylettheyouthfadewithvicissitudesoflifebetweendreamsandawakenings.Withbeingallaloneintheworld,Iwritearomantictheme.Iflifeisonlyasitwasatthefirstsight,thedestinedglancebecomesafrozenmoment,andthenitpassesawayinaflash,takingawaytheinfiniteimaginationandendlessmemories.

9.單選題

Therepublication(再版)ofthepoet’smostrecentworkswillcertainly（

）hisnationalreputation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnify

B.enlarge

C.strengthen

D.enhance

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。magnify放大；enlarge擴(kuò)大；strengthen鞏固，加強(qiáng)；enhance提高，增加。

句意：這位詩(shī)人最新作品的再次出版必將提高他在全國(guó)的聲譽(yù)。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

10.單選題

Althoughskepticssayfinancialproblemswillprobably（

）ourestablishingabaseontheMoon,supportersoftheprojectremain（

）,sayingthathumancuriosityshouldovercomesuchpragmaticconstraints.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beset...disillusioned

B.postpone...pessimistic

C.prevent...enthusiastic

D.allow...unconvinced

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞和形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)beset“困擾，鑲嵌，圍繞”；disillusioned“醒悟的，幻想破滅的”；B選項(xiàng)postpone“推遲，延遲，延緩”；pessimistic“悲觀主義的”;C選項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防，防止，阻止”；enthusiastic“熱心的，熱情的”;D選項(xiàng)allow“考慮”；unconvinced“不能令人信服的，懷疑的”。根據(jù)句意‘盡管反對(duì)者認(rèn)為在月球上建立一個(gè)基地會(huì)受到經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的阻撓，然而這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的支持者仍然保持熱情，認(rèn)為人類(lèi)的好奇心應(yīng)該克服這種務(wù)實(shí)的約束?！疌選項(xiàng)正確

11.單選題

ProfessorKumarBhatt,founderandheadofWarwickManufacturingGroup(WMC),andRob

MeakinapersonneldirectoratMarconi,havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate.TheNewKnowledgePartnershipwillincludeateamof40MarconimanagersinwhatProfessorBhattcallselectronicengineeringmanagementorE2.Awiderangeofengineeringandnon-engineeringcompanieshasexpressedinterestintheseexcitingprograms,professorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingthebusinessenvironmenttoahugeextent.Manychiefexecutivesdonotunderstandthepowerofthenewtechnologiesandinsomecases,areactuallyresistingchange.Hesaysthat“aslongasenoughindustryleadersrealizeitspotentialbenefits,e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.”

AlreadyBritainmakesmoreuseofcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacture(CAD/CAM)andmanagementinformationtechnologysystemthanotherEuropeancountries,andhasagovernmentthatactivelypromotese-business.But,observesProfessorBhatt,Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.“Thethingaboutelectronicengineeringmanagementisthatyoucankeepyourlegacysystems;youjustneedtolinkthosesystemswithaninformationengine.Atthetouchofabuttonitwillallowprojectmanagerstoseethestatusofaproject,identifyproblemspreciselyandmakevirtuallyimmediatedecisionsbasedoninformationthatwillbemuchmorecompletethaninthepast.”

TheE2programistheresultofanalliancebytheWarwickManufacturingGroupwithAmerica’sleadinge-commercestudycenter,CarnegieMellon.ThelatterwillberesponsiblefortrainingmanyoftheMarconimanagersinAmerica,wherethegrouphashalfitsbusiness.InBritain.ProfessorBhatthaslinkedupwithSunMicrosystems,OracleandParametricTechnology,tosetupamulti-millionpoundE2designandmanufacturingcenterattheuniversitywhichwillbeusedfortrainingandresearch.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingbusinesstosuchanextentthatWMGislikelytoberenamedWarwickElectronicManufacturingGroup.But,hewarns:“Themovetoglobalizebecauseofe-commerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.”

1.WhatisthepurposeofE2course?

2.WhydoesBhattsaythat"e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain"?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouknowaboute-businessinBritain?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Accordingtothatlastpassage,whatisBhatt’sattitudetowardse-commerce?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Teachelectronicengineeringmanagement.

B.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeacquaintedwithe-commerce.

C.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeengineersandmanagers.

D.Teachengineersandmanagersaboutdevelopingpartnership.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemanybusinessleadershaveshowntheirinterestinthis.

B.Becauseitcanstrengthenthecompanies’competitiveness.

C.Becausemorepeoplewilllearne-commercestyle.

D.Becausenewinformationtechnologiescangreatlyimproveindustrialproductivity.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.E-businesshaseliminatedmanycompetitiverivals.

B.E-businesshasdonemanybenefitstobigcompanies

C.ManycompanieshavejoinedintheE-businessprogram.

D.E-businesshasgreatpotentialandwillmakechangesinthecountry.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.BritaincanbecompetitivetoUSintheareaofinformationtechnology.

B.Britainhasalreadytakentheadvantagesofrunningengineeringmanagement.

C.AswithmanyotherEuropeancountries,Britainhasmadeuseofcomputer-aidedsystems.

D.E-businesshasofferedopportunitiestoEuropeancountriestoeliminatethecompetitivenessgapwithalltherivals.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.HethinksitasapreciseopportunityonlytoBritain.

B.Hethinksthatitisnotasagoodopportunityaspeoplethink.

C.HethinksitisnotonlygoodforBritainbutalsoapreciseopportunityforothercountries.

D.Hedoesnotconsideritagoodopportunityinthelongrun.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate（建立了合作伙伴關(guān)系，培訓(xùn)工程師和管理人員成為精英）可知D選項(xiàng)“教工程師和經(jīng)理如何發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.（電子商務(wù)將使英國(guó)的第二次生產(chǎn)力革命成為可能。這可能會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)接近消除與主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的巨大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力差距）可知B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗梢栽鰪?qiáng)企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.（英國(guó)從未將科技作為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)力）可知D選項(xiàng)“電子商務(wù)有著巨大的潛力，并將在這個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)生變化”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.（在過(guò)去五年中，由于信息技術(shù)，美國(guó)制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率提高了30%。在英國(guó)，我們可以取得更多成就，成功的電子商務(wù)將對(duì)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)數(shù)十億美元的收益）可知A選項(xiàng)“在信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，英國(guó)可以比美國(guó)更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Themovetoglobalizebecauseofecommerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.（由于電子商務(wù)而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。盡管網(wǎng)絡(luò)允許英國(guó)工業(yè)超越歐洲同行，但它也為亞洲國(guó)家提供了超越西方的機(jī)會(huì)。這是第一次它不是西方世界的特權(quán)，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)技術(shù)是普遍的）可知C選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為這不僅對(duì)英國(guó)有利，而且對(duì)其他國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)也是一個(gè)確切的機(jī)會(huì)”正確。

12.單選題

AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.

Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.

Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.

Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationsthatspecializedinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.

Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusesthewordfriend,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.

1.Theword“observation”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

2.Peopleinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertaintravelersbecausethesestrangerswould

（

）.

3.Nowadaysthetraditionoffriendlinesstostrangers

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthepassagewehavelearnedthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attention.

B.watchfulness.

C.survey.

D.opinion.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.bringgoodnewsfromoutsideworld.

B.helplocalssolvetheirproblems.

C.bringachangetothelifeinthesettlements.

D.requiresadifferentdefinition.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isstillprevailing.

B.canrarelybeseen

C.iswadingfast

D.requiresadifferentdefinition

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearestillfondoftravelingtoremoteplaces.

B.Foreigntravelersnowkeepawayfrombusytouristtrails.

C.Thereisnocharitableorganizationinsmallcities.

D.ForeignvisitorstotheUShavetroubleunderstandingAmerican’sfriendliness.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theabilityofspeakingaforeignlanguageimpliesabetterunderstandingofitsculture

B.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends

C.cultureexercisesagreatinfluenceonsocialinterrelationships

D.courteousconventionandindividualinterestarecloselyinterrelated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，“observation”指的是上文所提及的認(rèn)為大多數(shù)美國(guó)人和加拿大人友好，禮貌和樂(lè)于助人的觀點(diǎn)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，邊境地區(qū)人們的生活通常是單調(diào)乏味的，所以他們喜歡招待旅行者或陌生人，因?yàn)檫@些陌生人和旅行者不僅帶來(lái)了消遣，還帶來(lái)了外部世界的消息。也就是說(shuō)，給他們的生活帶來(lái)了些許改變，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)A表述太片面；選項(xiàng)B和D在文中沒(méi)有提及。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS...”招待陌生人的古老傳統(tǒng)在美國(guó)仍然非常盛行。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.”到美國(guó)旅游的人持有這樣的觀點(diǎn)并不罕見(jiàn)，但并不總是能夠正確的理解。也就是說(shuō)，到美國(guó)來(lái)旅游的游客很難理解美國(guó)人的友好。選項(xiàng)D與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，第一句為本段的主旨句“Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.”正如任何發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì)一樣，在美國(guó)，一系列復(fù)雜的文化特征，信念和習(xí)俗構(gòu)成了所有社會(huì)關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。也就是說(shuō)，文化對(duì)社會(huì)關(guān)系有很大的影響。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

13.單選題

EveryoneinAmericathesedaysseemstobe（）withhisorherphysicalfitness,andeveryoneistalkingaboutgettinginshape.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.allured

C.connected

D.attracted

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。beconcernedwith指涉及，關(guān)心。根據(jù)句意可知這里指如今的美國(guó)人關(guān)心自己的健康，選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

The215manuscript,circulatedtopublisherslastOctober,（

）anoutburstofinterest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flared

B.glittered

C.sparked

D.flashed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flare“閃光，閃耀”；B選項(xiàng)glitter“閃閃發(fā)光，閃爍”；C選項(xiàng)spark“發(fā)動(dòng)，激起”；D選項(xiàng)flash“閃光，閃現(xiàn)”。句意：去年十月傳到出版商那兒的215頁(yè)的手稿激發(fā)起他們濃厚的興趣。根據(jù)句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Sleepdeprivationisaquickandefficientwaytotreatdepression.Itworks60to70percentofthetime—farbetterthanexistingdrugs—butthemoodboostusuallylastsonlyuntilthepatientfallsasleep.Asanongoingtreatment,sleepdeprivationisimpractical,butresearchershavebeenstudyingthephenomenoninanefforttouncoverthecellularmechanismsbehinddepressionandremission.NowateamatTuftsUniversityhaspinpointedgliaasthekeyplayers.

Theresearcherspreviouslyfoundthatastrocytes,astar-shapedtypeofglialcell,regulatethebrainchemicalsinvolvedinsleepiness.Duringourwakinghours,astrocytescontinuouslyreleasetheneurotransmitteradenosine,whichbuildsupinthebrainandcauses“sleeppressure”,thefeelingofsleepinessanditsrelatedmemoryandattentionimpairments.Theneurotransmittercausesthispressurebybindingtoadenosinereceptorsontheoutsideofneuronslikeakeyfittingintoalock.Asmoreadenosinebuildsup,morereceptorsaretriggered,andtheurgetosleepgetsstronger.

Inthenewstudy,publishedonlineJanuary15inthejournalTranslationalPsychiatry,thescientistsinvestigatedwhetherthisprocessisresponsiblefortheantidepressanteffectsofsleepdeprivation.Micewithdepressive-likesymptomswereadministeredthreedosesofacompoundthattriggersadenosinereceptors,thusmimickingsleepdeprivation.Althoughthemicecontinuedtosleepnormally,after12hourstheyshowedarapidimprovementinmoodandbehavior,whichlastedfor48hours.

Theresultsconfirmthattheadenosinebuildupisresponsiblefortheantidepressanteffectsofalackofsleep.Thisfindingpointstoapromisingtargetfornewdrugdevelopmentbecauseitsuggeststhatmimickingsleepdeprivationchemicallymayoffertheantidepressantbenefitswithouttheunwantedsideeffectsofactuallyskippingsleep.Suchaninterventioncouldofferimmediaterelieffromdepression,instarkcontrastwithtraditionalantidepressants,whichtakesixtoeightweekstokickin.

Thestudymayalsohaveimplicationsbeyonddepressionandsleepregulation,accordingtoDustinHines,leadauthorandapostdoctoralfellowatTufts.“Formanyyears,neuroscientistsfocusedalmostexclusivelyonneurons,whereastheroleofgliawasneglected,”Hinessays.“Wenowknowthatgliaplayanimportantroleinthecontrolofbrainfunctionandhavethepotentialtoaidinthedevelopmentofnewtreatmentsformanyillnesses,includingdepressionandsleepdisorders.”

54.Sleepdeprivationasamethodtotreatdepressionisimpracticalbecause________.

55.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“remission”inPara.1probablymean?

56.Whatistrueofastrocyte?

57.DustinHinesandhiscolleaguesdidthestudyinorderto________.

58.WhatdidDustinHinesandhiscolleagues’studysuggest?

59.Whatcanweinferfromthenewresearchaboutdepression?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itdoesnothavesteadyeffects

B.ithassideeffectsofinsufficientsleep

C.itonlyworkswhenthepatientisawake

D.itcausesnewproblemsofsleepdisorder

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lesseningofdepression.

B.Recurrenceofdepression.

C.Recoveryfromdepression.

D.Medicationfordepression.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisastar-shapedglialcellregulatingoursleepingfunctions.

B.Itcanbeactivatedbyusingchemicalsoutsidethebrain.

C.Itreleasestheneurotransmitteradenosinewhenwearesleeping.

D.Itcontrolsourfeelingofsleepinessandimprovesourattention.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.investigatethecausesofdepression

B.examinetheworkingmechanismsofglia

C.explorewhysleepdeprivationrelievesdepression

D.testthemedicationeffectofthenewantidepressants

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Adenosinebuildupaccountsforwhywefeelsleepy.

B.Micehavesimilardepressionsymptomsashumanbeings.

C.Neuronsandgliasplaykeypartsincontrollingourbrainfunction.

D.Causingsleepyfeelingbyusingchemicalshelpstoeasedepression.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Traditionaldrugsfordepressionworkslowlyandarelessefficient.

B.Sleepdeprivationworksbetterforpatientswithsleepdisorders.

C.Miceweredeprivedofsleepforseveraldaysintheexperiment.

D.Patientswithdepressionusuallysufferfromsleepproblems.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:A

【解析】54.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Sleepdeprivationasamethodtotreatdepressionisimpracticalbecause________.剝奪睡眠作為一種治療抑郁癥的方法是不實(shí)際的，因?yàn)開(kāi)_______。

A.itdoesnothavesteadyeffectsA.它沒(méi)有穩(wěn)定的效果

B.ithassideeffectsofinsufficientsleepB.它有睡眠不足的副作用

C.itonlyworkswhenthepatientisawakeC.它只在病人清醒的時(shí)候起作用

D.itcausesnewproblemsofsleepdisorderD.它引起睡眠障礙的新問(wèn)題

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Sleepdeprivation可以定位到文章第一段第二、三句“但情緒的提升通常只持續(xù)到病人睡著（lastsonlyuntilthepatientfallsasleep）。作為一種持續(xù)的治療方法（ongoingtreatment），剝奪睡眠是不切實(shí)際的?！?，說(shuō)明這種方法需要病人保持清醒，使用該方法的副作用是會(huì)導(dǎo)致睡眠不足，但人類(lèi)不可能不需要睡眠，所以不能持續(xù)使用。因此B選項(xiàng)“它有睡眠不足的副作用”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它沒(méi)有穩(wěn)定的效果”，文章中說(shuō)到“剝奪睡眠是治療抑郁癥的一種快速而有效的（efficient）方法。有效時(shí)間為百分之六十到百分之七十?！?，所以效果是穩(wěn)定的，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“它只在病人清醒的時(shí)候起作用”說(shuō)明它是能起作用的，但不是它不切實(shí)際的原因，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“它引起睡眠障礙的新問(wèn)題”在文章中沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

55.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“remission”inPara.1probablymean?第一段中劃線(xiàn)詞“remission”可能是什么意思？

A.Lesseningofdepression.A.抑郁癥的減輕。

B.Recurrenceofdepression.B.抑郁癥的復(fù)發(fā)。

C.Recoveryfromdepression.C.抑郁癥的恢復(fù)。

D.Medicationfordepression.D.抑郁癥的藥物治療。

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“remission”可以定位到文章第一段第三句“作為一種持續(xù)的治療方法，剝奪睡眠是不切實(shí)際的，但研究人員一直在研究這種現(xiàn)象，試圖揭示抑郁癥和remission背后的細(xì)胞機(jī)制?！保径沃饕榻B了剝奪睡眠可以緩解抑郁癥，上文的“有效時(shí)間為百分之六十到百分之七十”也表明了它起到的是緩解作用，而不是徹底治療，所以remission最有可能指的是“緩解”。因此A選項(xiàng)“抑郁癥的減輕。”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“抑郁癥的復(fù)發(fā)。”，剝奪睡眠是能夠緩解抑郁癥而不是導(dǎo)致復(fù)發(fā)的，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“抑郁癥的恢復(fù)。”，文章中說(shuō)到它起到的是緩解作用，而不是徹底治療，屬于推理過(guò)度；

D選項(xiàng)“抑郁癥的藥物治療?！痹谖恼轮袥](méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

56.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatistrueofastrocyte?星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的真實(shí)情況是什么？

A.Itisastar-shapedglialcellregulatingoursleepingfunctions.A.它是一種星形的膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞，調(diào)節(jié)著我們的睡眠功能。

B.Itcanbeactivatedbyusingchemicalsoutsidethebrain.B.它可以通過(guò)使用大腦以外的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)激活。

C.Itreleasestheneurotransmitteradenosinewhenwearesleeping.C.它在我們睡覺(jué)時(shí)釋放神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)腺苷。

D.Itcontrolsourfeelingofsleepinessandimprovesourattention.D.它能控制我們的困倦感，提高我們的注意力。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞astrocyte可以定位到文章第二段第一句“研究人員先前發(fā)現(xiàn)，星形細(xì)胞（astrocyte），一種星形的膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞，調(diào)節(jié)著涉及困倦（sleepiness）的大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)?！?，說(shuō)明星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和調(diào)節(jié)睡眠有關(guān)。因此A選項(xiàng)“它是一種星形的膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞，調(diào)節(jié)著我們的睡眠功能?！闭_。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“它可以通過(guò)使用大腦以外的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)激活?！痹谖恼轮袥](méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它在我們睡覺(jué)時(shí)釋放神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)腺苷。”，文章中說(shuō)的是在清醒的時(shí)候釋放神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)腺苷，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“它能控制我們的困倦感，提高我們的注意力?！?，文章中說(shuō)到它會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們產(chǎn)生困意，損害注意力，屬于反向干擾。

57.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

DustinHinesandhiscolleaguesdidthestudyinorderto________.達(dá)斯汀?海因斯和他的同事做這項(xiàng)研究是為了________。

A.investigatethecausesofdepressionA.調(diào)查抑郁癥的原因

B.examinetheworkingmechanismsofgliaB.研究膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的工作機(jī)制

C.explorewhysleepdeprivationrelievesdepressionC.探討為什么剝奪睡眠可以緩解抑郁癥

D.testthemedicationeffectofthenewantidepressantsD.測(cè)試新的抗抑郁藥的藥效

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞study可以定位到文章第三段第一句“科學(xué)家們調(diào)查了這一過(guò)程是否與剝奪睡眠的抗抑郁作用（antidepressanteffects）有關(guān)。”，說(shuō)明科學(xué)家們研究的目的是為了找出剝奪睡眠可以緩解抑郁癥的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)“探討為什么剝奪睡眠可以緩解抑郁癥”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查抑郁癥的原因”在文章中沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“研究膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的工作機(jī)制”是之前研究中的發(fā)現(xiàn)，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“測(cè)試新的抗抑郁藥的藥效”，文章中只是說(shuō)這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為新藥開(kāi)發(fā)指明了一個(gè)有希望的目標(biāo)，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)真正開(kāi)發(fā)出了新藥，屬于無(wú)中生有。

58.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatdidDustinHinesandhiscolleagues’studysuggest?達(dá)斯汀?海因斯和他的同事的研究表明了什么？

A.Adenosinebuildupaccountsforwhywefeelsleepy.A.腺苷堆積是我們感到困倦的原因。

B.Micehavesimilardepressionsymptomsashumanbeings.B.小鼠具有與人類(lèi)相似的抑郁癥狀。

C.Neuronsandgliasplaykeypartsincontrollingourbrainfunction.C.神經(jīng)元和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)在控制我們的大腦功能方面起著關(guān)鍵作用。

D.Causingsleepyfeelingbyusingchemicalshelpstoeasedepression.D.通過(guò)使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)造成困倦的感覺(jué)有助于緩解抑郁癥。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞suggest可以定位到文章第四段第二句“因?yàn)樗砻?，用化學(xué)方法（chemically）模仿剝奪睡眠可能有利于抗抑郁（antidepressantbenefits），而沒(méi)有實(shí)際因?yàn)樘^(guò)睡眠而產(chǎn)生的不必要的副作用。”，說(shuō)明該研究表明了可以用化學(xué)藥物來(lái)模擬剝奪睡眠的效果，而病人實(shí)際上是能得到睡眠的，有利于緩解抑郁癥。因此D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)造成困倦的感覺(jué)有助于緩解抑郁癥?！闭_。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“腺苷堆積是我們感到困倦的原因?！笔侵把芯恐械陌l(fā)現(xiàn)，屬于張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“小鼠具有與人類(lèi)相似的抑郁癥狀?！?，文章沒(méi)有將小鼠和人類(lèi)的抑郁癥狀進(jìn)行比較，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)元和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)在控制我們的大腦功能方面起著關(guān)鍵作用。”，文章中說(shuō)到膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞才是其中的關(guān)鍵，同時(shí)這也不是該研究表明的結(jié)果，屬于張冠李戴。

59.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatcanweinferfromthenewresearchaboutdepression?我們可以從關(guān)于抑郁癥的新研究中推斷出什么？

A.Traditionaldrugsfordepressionworkslowlyandarelessefficient.A.傳統(tǒng)的治療抑郁癥的藥物作用緩慢，更難以見(jiàn)效。

B.Sleepdeprivationworksbetterforpatientswithsleepdisorders.B.剝奪睡眠對(duì)有睡眠障礙的病人效果更好。

C.Miceweredeprivedofsleepforseveraldaysintheexperiment.C.小鼠在實(shí)驗(yàn)中被剝奪了數(shù)天的睡眠。

D.Patientswithdepressionusuallysufferfromsleepproblems.D.抑郁癥患者通常有睡眠問(wèn)題。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞newresearch可以定位到文章第四段，本段最后一句說(shuō)到“這種干預(yù)可以立即緩解抑郁癥，這與傳統(tǒng)的抗抑郁藥形成鮮明對(duì)比（instarkcontrastwithtraditionalantidepressants），傳統(tǒng)的抗抑郁藥需要六到八周才能起作用?！?，說(shuō)明傳統(tǒng)的抗抑郁藥效果緩慢，這一新的干預(yù)方法見(jiàn)效更快。因此A選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的治療抑郁癥的藥物作用緩慢，更難以見(jiàn)效?！闭_。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“剝奪睡眠對(duì)有睡眠障礙的病人效果更好?！蔽恼轮姓f(shuō)的是這一研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助治療抑郁癥和睡眠障礙，沒(méi)有提到對(duì)于哪種疾病效果更好，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“小鼠在實(shí)驗(yàn)中被剝奪了數(shù)天的睡眠?！?，文章中說(shuō)的是老鼠正常睡眠，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“抑郁癥患者通常有睡眠問(wèn)題?！痹谖恼轮袥](méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

16.單選題

Thereareseveral（

）betweentheoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exaggerations

B.discrepancies

C.breakthroughs

D.compliances

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。exaggerations夸張，夸大；discrepancies偏差，差異；breakthroughs突破；compliances服從，聽(tīng)從。句意：在最初的支出預(yù)算和實(shí)際賬單之間有一些偏差。根據(jù)theoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills可知，這兩者之間的關(guān)系只可能是有偏差，答案B

17.單選題

Themassive,black,hornedbuffalo,formerlyfoundthroughoutsub-SaharanAfrica,isagregariousanimalofopenorscrub-coveredplainsandopenforests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rotten

B.sociable

C.wealthy

D.beautiful

【答案】B

【解析】句意：巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛，原產(chǎn)于非洲撒哈拉以南，是一種群居動(dòng)物，生活在開(kāi)闊的或灌木覆蓋的平原和開(kāi)闊的森林中。gregarious意為“社交的，群居的”。rotten腐爛的，墮落的；sociable好交際的，友善的；wealthy富有的；beautiful美麗的。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

18.單選題

Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it______intofragments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeoff

B.brokeaway

C.brokethrough

D.brokeup

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)breakoff“折斷；突然停止，暫?！保籅選項(xiàng)breakaway“脫離；放棄；逃跑”；C選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破；突圍；有重要?jiǎng)?chuàng)見(jiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)breakup“打碎，破碎；結(jié)束；解散；衰落；終止；分手”。句意：木頭已經(jīng)是如此的腐朽以至于我們一拉它就變成了碎片。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thedirectorgavemehis（

）thathewoulddoublemypayifIdidmyjobwell.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.obligation

C.assurance

D.certainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warrant“根據(jù)，證明”；B選項(xiàng)obligation“責(zé)任”；C選項(xiàng)assurance“保證，擔(dān)?！盌選項(xiàng)certainty“必然，確定”。句意：主管給我（）如果我工作做得好他會(huì)給我雙倍工資。根據(jù)從句后面的內(nèi)容漲雙倍工資只是一個(gè)保證，所以答案選C，A選項(xiàng)是指一種書(shū)面的證明，所以不能選。

20.單選題

We’veseena_______trendofconsumerssayingtheywillspendmore,fromholidayshoppingto2015travelplans,andspendingplansforFeb.14arenoexception.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistent

B.persistent

C.insistent

D.resistant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consistent“始終如一的，（論點(diǎn)、觀點(diǎn)）前后一致的”；B選項(xiàng)persistent“持續(xù)的；執(zhí)著的”；C選項(xiàng)insistent“堅(jiān)決的；（聲音、節(jié)奏等）持續(xù)的”；D選項(xiàng)resistant“抵制的；有抵抗力的”。句意：從假日購(gòu)物到2015年旅游計(jì)劃，我們已經(jīng)看到了消費(fèi)者_(dá)______的趨勢(shì)，他們會(huì)花更多的錢(qián)，2月14日的消費(fèi)計(jì)劃也不例外。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)趨勢(shì)不會(huì)改變，所以consistent“始終如一的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureeverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspacesintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgree