考研考博-英語-安徽城市管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽城市管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheSpaceAge（

）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunched,bytheSovietUnion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。initiate意為“開始，發(fā)起，創(chuàng)始”，指首創(chuàng)某事，但并不意味著將某事進(jìn)行到底；originate意為“起源于，來自，產(chǎn)生”；embark意為“上船，著手，從事”一般開始指新的、困難的會令人激動的事；commence意為“開始發(fā)生，開始，著手”，尤指重大的事件及歷史時期的開始。

句意：1957年10月蘇聯(lián)第一顆人造衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射開啟了太空時代。

2.單選題

Theend______themeans.Thissayingimpliesevenawrongorunfairmethodmaybeallowediftheresultorpurposeoftheactionisgood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifies

B.justifies

C.purifies

D.testifies

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)modifies“稍作修改，使更適合；修飾”；B選項(xiàng)justifies“證明……有理”；C選項(xiàng)purifies“凈化”；D選項(xiàng)testifies“（在法庭上）作證；證實(shí)”。句意：結(jié)果______方法。這句話的意思是，如果行為的結(jié)果或目的是好的，即使方法錯誤或不公平也可以被允許。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是結(jié)果會證明方法的合理性，B選項(xiàng)justifies“證明……有理”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Newphilanthropistsalsotendtostaycloselyinvolvedinthefoundationstheysetupratherthanjustbankrollinganorganization.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsidizing

B.formenting

C.cruciforming

D.ideating

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)subsidizing“資助；給予獎助金；向……行賄”；B選項(xiàng)formenting不存在；C選項(xiàng)cruciform/cruciforming“（adj.）十字形的；十字架狀的”；D選項(xiàng)ideating“形成概念；想象，設(shè)想”。句意：新的慈善家也傾向于密切參與他們建立的基金會，而不僅僅是資助一個組織。bankroll“提供資金；提供財(cái)務(wù)上的資助”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thefirstthingtonoticeisthatthemediawe’reallfamiliarwith—frombookstotelevision—areone-waypropositions:theypushtheircontentatus.TheWebistwo-way,pushandpull.Infinerpoint,itcombinestheone-wayreachofbroadcastwiththetwo-wayreciprocityofamid-cast.Indeed,itsusercanatoncebeareceiverandsenderofbroadcast—aconfusingproperty,butmind-stretching!

AsecondaspectoftheWebisthatitisthefirstmediumthathonorsthenotionofmultipleintelligences.Thispastcentury’sconceptofliteracygrewoutofourintensebeliefintext,afocusenhancedbythepowerofoneparticulartechnology—thetypewriter.Itbecameagreattoolforwritersbutaterribleoneforothercreativeactivitiessuchassketching,painting,notatingmusic,orevenmathematics.Thetypewriterprizedoneparticularkindofintelligence,butwiththeWeb,wesuddenlyhaveamediumthathonorsmultipleformsofintelligence—abstract,textual,visual,musical,social,andkinesthetic.Aseducators,wenowhaveachancetoconstructamediumthatenablesallyoungpeopletobecomeengagedintheiridealwayoflearning.TheWebaffordsthematchweneedbetweenamediumandhowaparticularpersonlearns.

AthirdandunusualaspectoftheWebisthatitleveragesthesmalleffortsofthemanywiththelargeeffortsofthefew.Forexample,researchersintheMaricopaCountyCommunityCollegesysteminPhoenixhavefoundawaytolinkasetofseniorcitizenswithpupilsintheLongviewElementarySchool,ashelper-mentors.It’swonderfultoseekidslistentothesegrandparentsbetterthantheydototheirownparents,thementoringreallyhelpstheirteachers,andtheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselves.Thus,thesmalleffortsoftheman—theseniors—complementthelargeeffortsofthefew—theteachers.ThesamethingcanbefoundinoperationatHewlett-Packard,whereengineersusetheWebtohelpkidswithscienceormathproblems.Bothoftheseexamplesbarelyscratchthesurfaceaswethinkaboutwhat’spossiblewhenwestartinterlacingresourceswithneedsacrossawholeregion.

1.Whatdoesthewordmind-stretchingimply?

A.Obtainingone’smentalpower.

B.Strengtheningone’spowerofthought.

C.Makinggreatdemandsonone’smentalpower.

D.Exertingone’smentalpowerasfaraspossible.

2.Whatisaterribletoolforactivitiessuchassketchingandpainting?

A.Technology.

B.Typewriter.

C.Text.

D.Theweb.

3.Whichgroupofpeoplemakesomeeffortstohelppupilsinelementaryschools?

A.Teachers.

B.Researchers.

C.Grandparents.

D.Seniorcitizens.

4.Thesentencetheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselvesmeanstheseniors（）.

A.acquireanewmeaningoftheirlives

B.understandthemeaningoftheweb

C.createawebsiteforthemselves

D.addanewmeaningtotheweb

5.Theexpression“scratchthesurface”mostprobablymeans（）.

A.thinkhardinapuzzledway

B.dealwithaproblemthoroughly

C.treatasubjectwithoutbeingthorough

D.workoutasolutionforaproblemeasily

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obtainingone’smentalpower.

B.Strengtheningone’spowerofthought.

C.Makinggreatdemandsonone’smentalpower.

D.Exertingone’smentalpowerasfaraspossible.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Technology.

B.Typewriter.

C.Text.

D.Theweb.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Teachers.

B.Researchers.

C.Grandparents.

D.Seniorcitizens.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.acquireanewmeaningoftheirlives

B.understandthemeaningoftheweb

C.createawebsiteforthemselves

D.addanewmeaningtotheweb

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thinkhardinapuzzledway

B.dealwithaproblemthoroughly

C.treatasubjectwithoutbeingthorough

D.workoutasolutionforaproblemeasily

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“mind-stretching”可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Indeed,itsusercanatoncebeareceiverandsenderofbroadcast—aconfusingproperty,butmind-stretching!（事實(shí)上，它的使用者可以同時成為廣播的接收者和發(fā)送者——這是一個令人困惑的特性，但也是精神的伸展?。f明“mind-stretching”在文中是指“在使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)時需要投入更多的精神力”的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)“對一個人的精神力量有很大的要求”正確。A選項(xiàng)“獲得一個人的精神力量”，B選項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)一個人的思想能力”，D選項(xiàng)“盡可能地發(fā)揮一個人的精神力量”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句Thispastcentury’sconceptofliteracygrewoutofourintensebeliefintext,afocusenhancedbythepowerofoneparticulartechnology—thetypewriter.Itbecameagreattoolforwritersbutaterribleoneforothercreativeactivitiessuchassketching,painting,notatingmusic,orevenmathematics.（上個世紀(jì)讀寫的概念源于我們對文字的強(qiáng)烈信仰，這種信仰因一種特殊技術(shù)——打字機(jī)的力量而得到加強(qiáng)。打字機(jī)成為作家的偉大工具，但對于其他創(chuàng)造性活動，如素描、繪畫、音樂記錄，甚至數(shù)學(xué)，卻是一個糟糕的工具。），說明對于素描和繪畫等活動來說，打字機(jī)是一個糟糕的工具。因此B選項(xiàng)“打字機(jī)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)”，C選項(xiàng)“文本”，D選項(xiàng)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”均不符合原文內(nèi)容，所以A，C，D錯誤。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Forexample,researchersintheMaricopaCountyCommunityCollegesysteminPhoenixhavefoundawaytolinkasetofseniorcitizenswithpupilsintheLongviewElementarySchool,ashelper-mentors.（例如，鳳凰城馬里科帕縣社區(qū)學(xué)院系統(tǒng)的研究人員找到了一種方法，將一組老年人與朗維尤小學(xué)的學(xué)生聯(lián)系起來，作為幫助-指導(dǎo)者。），說明幫助小學(xué)生的是老年人群。因此D選項(xiàng)“老年人”正確。A選項(xiàng)“教師”，B選項(xiàng)“研究人員”，C選項(xiàng)“祖父母”均不符合原文內(nèi)容，所以A，B，C錯誤。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句It’swonderfultoseekidslistentothesegrandparentsbetterthantheydototheirownparents,thementoringreallyhelpstheirteachers,andtheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselves.（看到孩子們比起父母更聽祖父母的話，這種指導(dǎo)真的有助于他們的老師，而且老年人為自己創(chuàng)造了一種意義，這真是太好了。），說明老年人為自己的生活創(chuàng)造了新的意義。因此A選項(xiàng)“獲得他們生活的新意義”正確。B選項(xiàng)“了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)的意義”，C選項(xiàng)“為自己創(chuàng)建一個網(wǎng)站”，D選項(xiàng)“為網(wǎng)絡(luò)增加新的意義”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“scratchthesurface”可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Bothoftheseexamplesbarelyscratchthesurfaceaswethinkaboutwhat’spossiblewhenwestartinterlacingresourceswithneedsacrossawholeregion.（當(dāng)我們開始考慮將資源與整個地區(qū)的需求相結(jié)合時，這兩個例子都只是皮毛。），說明“scratchthesurface”在文中是指“只觸及到問題的表面，沒有深入”的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)“對待一個問題不徹底”正確。A選項(xiàng)“以一種疑惑的方式努力思考”，B選項(xiàng)“徹底處理一個問題”，D選項(xiàng)“輕松找到解決問題的辦法”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

5.單選題

Ozoneisabluishgasthatisharmfultobreathe.Nearly90%oftheEarth’sozoneisinthestratosphereandisreferredtoastheozonelayer.OzoneabsorbsabandofultravioletradiationcalledUVBthatisparticularlyharmfultolivingorganisms.Stratosphericozoneisconstantlybeingcreatedanddestroyedthroughnaturalcycles.Variousozonedepletingsubstanceshowever,acceleratethedestructionprocesses,resultinginlowerthannormalozonelevels.ReductionsinozonelevelswillleadtohigherlevelsofUVBreachingtheEarth’ssurface.Thesun’soutputofUVBdoesnotchange;rather,lessozonemeanslessprotection,andhencemoreUVBreachestheEarth.StudieshaveshownthatintheAntarctic,theamountofUVBmeasuredatthesurfacecandoubleduringtheannualozonehole.LaboratoryandepidemiologicalstudiesdemonstratethatUVBcausesnonmelanomaskincancerandplaysamajorroleinmalignantmelanomadevelopment.Inaddition,UVBhasbeenlinkedtocataracts.

DramaticlossofozoneinthelowerstratosphereoverAntarcticawasfirstnoticedinthe1970sbyaresearchgroupfromtheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS)whoweremonitoringtheatmosphereaboveAntarcticafromaresearchstation.Folklorehasitthatwhenthefirstmeasurementsweretakenin1975,thedropinozonelevelsinthestratospherewassodramaticthatatfirstthescientiststhoughttheirinstrumentswerefaulty.Replacementinstrumentswerebuiltandflownoutanditwasn’tuntiltheyconfirmedtheearliermeasurements,severalmonthslater,thattheozonedepletionobservedwasacceptedasgenuine.AnotherstorygoesthattheBASsatellitedatadidn’tshowthedramaticlossofozonebecausethesoftwareprocessingtherawozonedatafromthesatellitewasprogrammedtotreatverylowvaluesofozoneasbadreadings.LateranalysisoftherawdatawhentheresultsfromtheBritishAntarcticSurveyteamwerepublished,confirmedtheirresultsandshowedthatthelosswasrapidandlarge-scale;overmostoftheAntarcticacontinent.

Ozoneoccursnaturallyintheatmosphere.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedofseverallayers.WeliveintheTroposphere,groundleveluptoabout10kmhigh,wheremostoftheweatheroccurssuch/asrain,snowandclouds.AbovethatistheStratosphere,animportantregioninwhicheffectssuchastheOzoneHoleandGlobalWarmingoriginate.ThelayernexttospaceistheExosphereandthengoinginwardstherearetheThermosphereandtheMesosphere.Supersonicpassengerjetsflyjustabovethetropospherewhereassubsoniccommercialairlinersareusuallywellinthetroposphere.ThenarrowregionbetweenthesetwopartsoftheatmosphereiscalledtheTropopause.Ozoneformsalayerinthestratosphere,thinnestinthetropicsanddensertowardsthepoles.Theamountofozoneaboveapointontheearth’ssurfaceismeasuredinDobsonunits(DU)—typically~260DUnearthetropicsandhigherelsewhere,thoughtherearelargeseasonalfluctuations.Itiscreatedwhenultravioletradiationintheformofsunlightstrikesthestratosphere,splittingoxygenmoleculestoatomicoxygen.Theatomicoxygenquicklycombineswithfurtheroxygenmoleculestoformozone.

TheOzoneHoleoftengetsconfusedinthepopularpressandbythegeneralpublicwiththeproblemofglobalwarming.Whilstthereisaconnectionbecauseozonecontributestothegreenhouseeffect,theOzoneHoleisaseparateissue.OverAntarctica(andrecentlyovertheArctic),stratosphericozonehasbeendepletedoverthelast15yearsatcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisismainlyduetothereleaseofman-madechemicalscontainingchlorinesuchasCFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons),butalsocompoundscontainingbromine,otherrelatedhalogencompoundsandalsonitrogenoxides.CFCsareacommonindustrialproduct,usedinrefrigerationsystems,airconditioners,aerosols,solventsandintheproductionofsometypesofpackaging.Nitrogenoxidesareaby-productofcombustionprocesses,forexampleaircraftemissions.

TheozonedepleteonprocessbeginswhenCFCsandotherozonedepletingsubstancesareemittedintotheatmospherewherewindsefficientlymixandevenlydistributethegases.CFCsareextremelystable,andtheydonotdissolveinrain.AfteraperiodofseveralyearsnaturalgasesinthestratospherecombinewithCFCsandthisreleaseschlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide.Theseinturnallreleasebromineatomsanditistheseatomsthatactuallydestroyozone.Itisestimatedthatonechlorineatomcandestroyover100,000ozonemoleculesbeforeitisremovedfromthestratosphere.

ThefirstglobalagreementtorestrictCFCscamewiththesigningoftheMontrealProtocolin1987ultimatelyaimingtoreducethembyhalfbytheyear2000.Tworevisionsofthisagreementhavebeenmadeinthelightofadvancesinscientificunderstanding,thelatestbeingin1992.Agreementhasbeenreachedonthecontrolofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbonsuntiltheyear2030.ThemainCFCswillnotbeproducedbyanyofthesignatoriesaftertheendof1995,exceptforalimitedamountforessentialuses,suchasformedicalsprays.ThecountriesoftheEuropeanCommunityhaveadoptedevenstrictermeasures.RecognizingtheirresponsibilitytotheglobalenvironmenttheyhaveagreedtohaltproductionofthemainCFCsfromthebeginningof1995.Itwasanticipatedthattheselimitationswouldleadtoarecoveryoftheozonelayerwithin50yearsof2000.TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationestimated2045butrecentinvestigationssuggesttheproblemisperhapsonamuchlargerscalethananticipated.

1.ItisacommonmistaketoassociatetheOzoneHoleproblemwith（）.

2.Commonhouseholdappliancescontributeto（）.

3.Internationalagreementswilleventuallyleadto（）.

4.AnapocryphalBASstorycitesthatequipmentwaschangedtomeasure（）.

5.TheOzonelayerisdestroyedbyaby-productofCFCsreactingwith（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theissueoftheheatingupoftheearth’satmosphere

B.themeasurementofCFCsinDobsonunits

C.thedramaticlossofozoneinthelowerstratosphereoverAntarctica

D.thehigherlevelsofUVBreachingtheEarth’ssurface

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.globalwarming

B.thereleaseofaerosolsandsolvents

C.thestabilizationofCFCsintheair

D.thedischargeofsyntheticchemicalsintotheatmosphere

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.recentinvestigationsintothestrengthofDobsonUnits

B.thecessationofthereleaseofmostCFCgasesintotheatmosphere

C.thescientificunderstandingintheinternationalcommunity

D.thereductionofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbons

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelocationofthelayerrelativetotheearth

B.thesatelliteorbitingtheearth

C.therawdataofthedramaticlossofozone

D.theapparentlyanomalousreadingstakenearlier

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thenormalcomponentsoftheearth’satmosphere

B.chlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide

C.aircraftemissions

D.atomicoxygen

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段的第一句話“TheOzoneHoleoftengetsconfusedinthepopularpressandbythegeneralpublicwiththeproblemofglobalwarming.（大眾媒體把臭氧空洞和全球變暖問題搞混了。）”。A選項(xiàng)“地球大氣層升溫的問題”正確；B選項(xiàng)“以多布森單位測量氯氟烴”；C選項(xiàng)“南極洲上空平流層低層臭氧的顯著損失”；D選項(xiàng)“到達(dá)地球表面的較高水平的中波”不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段，第四段說到臭氧會導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)，臭氧層的破壞與人類釋放含氯的人造化學(xué)品，以及含有溴的化合物、其他相關(guān)鹵素化合物和氮氧化物有關(guān)，這些化合物通常存在于家用電器中，從而導(dǎo)致全球變暖，由此可知家用電器可能與全球變暖有關(guān)聯(lián)。A選項(xiàng)“全球變暖”正確；B選項(xiàng)“氣溶膠和溶劑的釋放”；C選項(xiàng)“氯氟烴在空氣中的穩(wěn)定性”；D選項(xiàng)“合成化學(xué)物質(zhì)排放到大氣中”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段第三句話“Agreementhasbeenreachedonthecontrolofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbonsuntiltheyear2030.（已就到2030年控制許多鹵化碳的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)達(dá)成協(xié)議。）”，由此可知國際協(xié)議最終將導(dǎo)致鹵化碳的減少。A選項(xiàng)“最近對多布森單位力量的調(diào)查”；B選項(xiàng)“停止向大氣中釋放大部分氯氟烴氣體”；C選項(xiàng)“國際社會對科學(xué)的理解”都不符合題意，D選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中許多鹵化碳的減少”符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第二句“Folklorehasitthatwhenthefirstmeasurementsweretakenin1975,thedropinozonelevelsinthestratospherewassodramaticthatatfirstthescientiststhoughttheirinstrumentswerefaulty.（民間傳說，當(dāng)1975年首次進(jìn)行測量時，平流層的臭氧水平急劇下降，以至于起初科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他們的儀器出了問題。）”，由此可知科學(xué)家們更換儀器是為了測量差距過大的數(shù)據(jù)。A選項(xiàng)“這層相對于地球的位置”；B選項(xiàng)“衛(wèi)星繞地球運(yùn)行”；C選項(xiàng)“臭氧顯著損失的原始數(shù)據(jù)”；D選項(xiàng)“明顯不正常的讀數(shù)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段的第二至四句話“CFCsareextremelystable,andtheydonotdissolveinrain.AfteraperiodofseveralyearsnaturalgasesinthestratospherecombinewithCFCsandthisreleaseschlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide.Theseinturnallreleasebromineatomsanditistheseatomsthatactuallydestroyozone.（氯氟烴非常穩(wěn)定，不會在雨中溶解。幾年后，平流層中的天然氣與氯氟烴結(jié)合，釋放出氯原子、哈龍和甲基溴。這些原子依次釋放出溴原子，而正是這些原子破壞了臭氧）”。A選項(xiàng)“地球大氣的正常組成部分”；B選項(xiàng)“氯原子，哈龍和甲基溴”；C選項(xiàng)“飛機(jī)排放”；D選項(xiàng)“原子氧”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

TheforemostconcernoftheAmericanyoungpeoplein1960’s[A]waswith[B]trainingandfindingajobthatcouldsupport[C]theminthoseunder[D]times.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.was

B.training

C.them

D.times

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞的用法。

【解題思路】按照句意，inthoseundertimes應(yīng)表示“在這個時期”，但time如果表示“時間，時期”時為不可數(shù)名詞，不能使用復(fù)數(shù)，因此這里應(yīng)當(dāng)將times改為time。

【句意】二十世紀(jì)六十年代，美國年輕人最關(guān)心的是培訓(xùn)和找到一份工作，以支持他們那個時期的生活。

7.單選題

Theamountoftabloidinkspilledoverher24-yeardifferenceinagewithhernewboyfrienddoes（）her.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rankle

B.stirup

C.emaciate

D.whipup

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rankle“使怨恨；使疼痛；使痛苦”；B選項(xiàng)stirup“激起；煽動；攪拌；喚起”；C選項(xiàng)emaciate“使消瘦；使衰弱；消瘦”；D選項(xiàng)whipup“激起；鞭打”。句意：小報(bào)上關(guān)于她和新男友之間24歲的年齡差距的報(bào)道讓她很惱火。本句表示“小道消息所報(bào)道的事情讓她惱火”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thelightsandmusic（）aswesailedawayfromtheharbor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faded

B.disappeared

C.declined

D.stopped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)faded“漸弱，褪色”；B選項(xiàng)disappeared“消失，失蹤”；C選項(xiàng)declined“下降，拒絕”；D選項(xiàng)stopped“停止，停頓”。句意：我們駛離港口時，燈光和音樂（）下來。這里根據(jù)句意可以判斷出要考的意思是“燈光和音樂漸漸弱了”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.翻譯題

Astudysuggeststhelong-termsurvivalbenefitsofshoppingarebetterthangoingtothegym,becauseseeingfriendsandjustpeople-watchingcanstaveofflonelinessandimprovepsychologicalhealth.

Theresearchersfoundthosewhoshoppeddailylivedlongerthanthosewhoshoppedlessfrequently,evenaftertakingaccountsofpeople’sphysicalorotherhealthproblems.Inshoppingvenues,socializingwith,orwatchingotherscanprovidesocialandmentalbenefits.Comparedwithothertypesofleisure-timephysicalactivity,likeformalexercise,whichusuallyrequiresmotivationandsometimesprofessionalinstruction,shoppingiseasiertoundertakeandmaintain.

【答案】一項(xiàng)研究表明，購物比健身更有利于長壽，因?yàn)橐娨娕笥押蛢H僅看看路人就可以避免孤獨(dú)和改善心理健康。

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些每天購物的人比那些不經(jīng)常購物的人活得更長，即使在考慮了人們的身體或其他健康問題之后也是如此。在購物場所，與他人交流或看看他人可以豐富社交，帶來精神上的好處。與其他類型的休閑體育活動相比，比如正式的鍛煉，這通常需要動力，有時還需要專業(yè)指導(dǎo)，購物更容易進(jìn)行和堅(jiān)持下去。

10.單選題

Fingerprints,oneofthegreatdecidersofinnocenceorguiltincriminalcharges,arenowinthedockthemselves.Thisisbecauseofagrowingnumberofclaimsfromdefendantsthattheirprintshavebeen‘‘lifted’’andplantedatscenesofcrimes.Andtheseallegationsarebeingtakenseriouslybylawyers,judgesandpolicemenbecauseitispossibletomoveafingerprintfromonespotandplaceitelsewhere.

Withoneofthecornerstonesofevidencenowbeingplacedindoubtacommitteeofcriminallawyersiscarryingoutaninquiryintofingerprinting.TheinvestigationhasbeenorderedbyJustice,theprestigiouslegalorganization,andareportisdueearlynextyear.LastnightaspokesmanforJusticesaid:“Thereareanincreasingnumberofcaseswherepeopleareclaimingtheirprintshavebeentransferredandputonincriminatingobjects.Wearenotaimingtoestablishiftheseallegationsaretrueornot,butwearequestioningcurrentfingerprintingmethodsaspartofageneralinvestigationintoscientificevidence.SomeofBritain’stopcriminallawyersareworriedaboutthisincreasingnumberofclaims.”

Howcanafingerprintbetransferred?Afingermarkleftonagreasyglassorsomeothersmoothsurfacecanbe“l(fā)ifted”withastripofadhesive.Itcanthenbedepositedonanother,perhapsincriminatingobject.Accusationsabout"plantedprints"werefirstputupatanoldBailegIRAbombtrialnineyearsagowithoutsuccess.Fingerprintsatthesceneofacrimeusedtobedusteddownwithfinepowder,photographedforidentificationpurposes,thenthepicturesandobjectscarryingtheprintswereproducedincourt.

However,since1973anewmethodoftakingprintshasbeengenerallyusedinBritain.Policeexpertsnowuseastripofadhesivetapetoliftaprintwhichisthenproducedincourtasevidence.Before1973theobjectonwhichtheprintswerefoundalittledaggeroragun—usedtobeshownincourtaswell.Thisisnolongernecessary.Asaresultcriminalsareclaimingthattheirprintshavebeen"lifted"andplantedelsewhere.Accordingtoex-chiefSuperintendentSquires,liftingamarkandtransferringittoanotherobject“requiresgreatskillandtrouble.”Headded:“It'salmostimpossiblebutitcanbedone.Itcanusuallybeeasilydetectedbysomeonelikeme.butthereisachancethatevenImaynotbeabletotell.”

1.Fingerprintshavetraditionallybeenregardedas（

）.

2.Theinvestigationintofingerprintingis

（

）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhat

（

）.

4.Since1973,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theonlyproofofasuspectedcriminal'sinnocenceorguilt

B.oneofmanyproofsofasuspectedcriminal'sinnocenceorguilt

C.noproofofasuspectedcriminal'sinnocenceorguilt

D.akeyproofofasuspectedcriminal'sinnocenceorguilt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toprovethatpolicemenhavebeenbehavingdishonestly

B.toestablishthetruthoftheallegations

C.partofawiderinvestigation

D.toallaythefearsofsometopcriminallawyers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.someoftheallegationsagainstfingerprinting'arejustified

B.transferringfingerprintsistoomuchtroubleformostpolicemen

C.transferringfingerprintsisaverydelicateoperation

D.itislikelythatsomepolicementransferfingerprints

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fingerprintsatthesceneofacrimehavebeendusteddownwithfinepowderandphotographed.

B.ithasbeennecessarytoproduceincourttheobjectsonwhichtheprintswerefound

C.therehavebeensuccessfulclaimsagainstpolicefingerprintingmethodsintheUnitedStatesandGreatBritain.

D.policefingerprintingmethodshavebeensimplified

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Fingerprints,oneofthegreatdecidersofinnocenceorguiltincriminalcharges,arenowinthedockthemselves.在刑事指控中，指紋，曾經(jīng)是刑事起訴中判斷一個人是否有罪的決定性因素之一，而現(xiàn)在它卻成為了眾矢之的?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Wearenotaimingtoestablishiftheseallegationsaretrueornot,butwearequestioningcurrentfingerprintingmethodsaspartofageneralinvestigationintoscientificevidence.我們的目的不是確定這些辯解是否正確，而是質(zhì)疑目前的指紋識別方法作為對科學(xué)證據(jù)普遍調(diào)查研究的一部分是否合理。”由此可知，對指紋的調(diào)查是廣泛調(diào)查的一部分，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Accordingtoex-chiefSuperintendentSquires,liftingamarkandtransferringittoanotherobject‘requiresgreatskillandtrouble.’據(jù)前總警司Squires說，采集指紋并把它轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個物體上‘需要高超的技巧并且很麻煩’。”也就是說：轉(zhuǎn)移指紋是一項(xiàng)非常精細(xì)的工作。其他選項(xiàng)均不正確，只有選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵時間點(diǎn)“1973”定位到最后一段第一句“since1973anewmethodoftakingprintshasbeengenerallyusedinBritain.Policeexpertsnowuseastripofadhesivetapetoliftaprintwhichisthenproducedincourtasevidence.自1973年以來，英國普遍采用一種新的采集指紋的方法。警方專家現(xiàn)在使用一條膠帶來揭下指紋，然后在法庭上出示作為證據(jù)?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文的描述，在此之前在法庭上出示指紋需要帶上沾有指紋的物品，比如一把小匕首或一把槍，而新的方法只需要一條膠帶就能揭下指紋，說明取指紋的方法簡化了，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

11.翻譯題

1.Toproducethesameamountofelectricity,Chinaconsumesfourtimesasmuchenergyastheworldaverage.Sincetheoutsetofthiscentury,increasingproductivitywhileconservingenergyhasbeenoneoftheutmostconcernsoftheChinesegovernment.

2.Intheworldoftomorrow,managerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Theydon’thavetobescientistsorengineersinventingnewtechnologies,buttheyhavetobemanagerswhounderstandwhentobetandwhennottobetonnewtechnologies.

3.Ifmanagersdon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechanges.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

4.Evenifyouknowtheanswertoachild'squestion,resisttheimpulsetorespondquickly.leavingnoopeningfordiscussion.Thatreinforcesthemisconceptionthatscienceismerelyasetoffactsstoredintheheadsofadults.

5.Scienceisaboutexplaining.Scienceisnotjustfactsbutthemeaningthatpeoplegivetothe—byweavinginformationintoastoryabouthownatureprobablyoperates.

【答案】1.為了產(chǎn)生等量的電流，中國的能源消耗是世界平均水平的四倍。從本世紀(jì)的開端起，提高生產(chǎn)率同時節(jié)約能源，這已經(jīng)成為中國政府最關(guān)心的事情之一。

2.在將來的世界里，不管管理者在公司有什么職位任務(wù)，他們都不能是技術(shù)文盲。他們沒必要是發(fā)明新技術(shù)的科學(xué)家或工程師，但是，管理者必須清楚對新技術(shù)何時押注。

3.如果管理者不清楚怎么回事以及技術(shù)能有效地成為“黑匣子”，那么，他們就不會做出改變。這樣，他們將成為失敗者而不是勝者。

4.即使你知道孩子問題的答案，也不要沖動地快速做出回應(yīng)，要給討論余留空間。這強(qiáng)化了科學(xué)僅是一套儲存在成人腦海的事實(shí)這一誤解。

5.科學(xué)關(guān)乎于解釋。科學(xué)不僅包含事實(shí)，而且包含人們通過將信息編織成個關(guān)于自然如何運(yùn)作的故事而給予它的意義。

12.單選題

Despitealltherefinementsofsubtletyandthedogmatismoflearning,itisbythecommonsenseandcompassionofreadersthatareuncorruptedbytheprejudicesofsomeopinionatedscholars（

）thecharactersandsituationsinmedievalandElizabethanliterature,asinanyotherliterature,canbestbejudged.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.×

【答案】A

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句?？崭袂暗膖hatareuncorruptedbytheprejudicesofsomeopinionatedscholars作為定語從句修飾先行詞thecommonsenseandcompassionofreaders?？崭窈竺鎡hecharactersandsituationsinmedievalandElizabethanliterature是主語，canbestbejudged是謂語部分，因此itis后面的bythecommonsenseandcompassionofreaders是強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。由于被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物，因此用that引導(dǎo)剩余部分。

13.單選題

（

）youcanbringyourselftostophatingher,itsoundslikeanarrangementthatcouldworkoutrathernicely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sofaras

B.Solongas

C.Aswellas

D.Asoftenasnot

【答案】B

【解析】考察介詞短語辨析?！癮sfaras”就……而言；“solongas”只要；“aswellas”也，還；“asoftenasnot”時常;句意：只要你能使自己停止恨她，這聽起來就像是一個很有成效的做法。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

Theydidnotfind______topreparefortheworstconditionstheymightmeet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.worththeirwhile

B.itworthwhile

C.itworth

D.itworthy

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.worththeirwhile值得B.itworthwhile值得

C.itworth值得D.itworthy值得

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)find可知，findit+adj.+todo是固定搭配，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)干某事是……”，而worthwhile的搭配是itisworthwhiletodo（做某事是值得的），所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配；

C項(xiàng)worth要與doing搭配使用；

D項(xiàng)worthy要與of搭配使用。

【句意】他們覺得為可能遇到的最壞情況做準(zhǔn)備是不值得的。

15.單選題

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.snatchup

B.summonup

C.catchon

D.watchout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)snatchup“奪取，猛然抓住”；B選項(xiàng)summonup“鼓起（勇氣），使出（力氣），喚起”；C選項(xiàng)catchon“理解，明白，變得流行”；D選項(xiàng)watchout“當(dāng)心，注意”。根據(jù)askedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid可推測前面指他沒聽明白我說的話，因此選C。句意：John說他沒有太明白，要我重復(fù)我下我所說的話。

16.單選題

We’dliketo（）atableforfivefordinnerthisevening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preserve

B.reserve

C.conserve

D.deserve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preserve“保存，保護(hù)”，有兩種含義。第一種含義有保持某種狀態(tài)、質(zhì)量、權(quán)利的意思，例如：Shebelievedit'sthemostimportantthingtopreserveherreputation.（她認(rèn)為維護(hù)自己的名聲是最重要的事情。），第二種含義有保留且維護(hù)以不被破壞或者維持現(xiàn)狀的意思，常常用作被動語態(tài)，例如：Theancientvasewaspreservedwellbythearchaeologists.（這個古代花瓶被考古學(xué)家保存得很好。）；B選項(xiàng)reserve“保留，預(yù)定（座位）”，即主動去要求“保留”，例如：I’'dliketoreservearoomtonight.（我想預(yù)定一個今晚的房間。），reserve還常用作被動語態(tài)，表示為了留給后面的人用而“保留，保存”，例如：Therefreshmentsarereservedfortheguests.（這些點(diǎn)心是留給客人的。），reserve還能表示“擁有，保留，保持”權(quán)利和意見的意思，例如很多出版物上都會標(biāo)有“Allrightsreserved”，意思是“版權(quán)所有”；C選項(xiàng)conserve“保存，保護(hù)”，有兩種含義，第一種含義含有為了節(jié)約而保護(hù)、保存的意思，例如：Youcansetthetemperatureto26degreescentigradeinordertoconserveenergy.（你可以把溫度設(shè)置成26攝氏度以節(jié)約資源。），第二種含有為了讓某事物（一般指自然資源）不被改變或者不被破壞而保護(hù)、保存的意思，例如：Governmentshouldenforcelawstoconservewildlifeanimalsinthisarea.（政府應(yīng)該實(shí)施法律保護(hù)這個地區(qū)的野生動物。）；D選項(xiàng)deserve“應(yīng)受，值得。句意：我們要預(yù)定一張今晚的5人桌。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

Anumberofdevelopmentscombinedtodestroythemonetarysystem,leadingtoacrisisinwhichthecollapseofonecountry'seconomyandcurrency-inamodernversionofthecommercialdominotheory-leadstofiscal（）thatspreadsuncomfortablyaroundthe