考研考博-英語-安徽國際商務(wù)職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽國際商務(wù)職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

______thatBartonhadbeenpromoted,hisfriendscametocongratulatehim.

問題1選項

A.Havingbeenheard

B.Beingheard

C.Tohaveheard

D.Havingheard

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Havingbeenheard聽說B.Beingheard聽說

C.Tohaveheard聽說D.Havingheard聽說

【答案】D

【考查點】非謂語動詞。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處要填入一個非謂語動詞，邏輯主語為hisfriends（他的朋友），和動詞hear之間是主動的關(guān)系，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；而主句謂語動詞是came，為一般過去時，hear這個動作應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在came之前，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時。故該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】

A、B項為被動語態(tài)，不符合主句邏輯；

C項表目的或?qū)?，不符合句意?/p>

【句意】聽說巴頓被提升了，朋友們都來祝賀他。

2.單選題

Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongage;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbearbaiting.

Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.

Whyshouldwebanviolentspoilsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmayweltask.Theanswerissimple:theyarcuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thetawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsis（）.

2.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansis（）.

4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.notveryhigh

B.high.

C.contemptuous.

D.critical.

問題2選項

A.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw.

B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsmoneytoseeviolence.

C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports.

D.peoplearebloodthirstyinsports.

問題3選項

A.tocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople.

B.togiveanexample.

C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter.

D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtobloodthirsty.

問題4選項

A.Three.

B.Five.

C.Six.

D.Seven.

問題5選項

A.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves.

B.that,bybanningthedangeroussports,wecanimprovethelaw.

C.thatwemustlakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem.

D.toshowlawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段指出：現(xiàn)在的我們和羅馬人的區(qū)別在于，羅馬人誠實的承認他們暴力且嗜血，而我們則使用各種理由來掩蓋自己和羅馬人一樣的本性。第二段作者以暴力的體育運動為例進行闡述，但在第三段指出，人們努力進行改善，比如社會福利和法律，盡管沒有成功但有所改觀。作者一直站在客觀的角度闡述事實，并沒有體現(xiàn)出輕蔑和批判的語氣，并且對人們還抱有期望，所以作者只是對現(xiàn)在的人們評價不高，選項A更加恰當。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知，作者是不希望看到暴力危險的體育運動的，所以作者希望法律能夠禁止暴力危險的體育運動，選項A符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第一段中所提及的“Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.人類仍然和以前一樣嗜血?！弊髡咧蕴岬搅_馬人，不僅僅是以此來舉例或者是和現(xiàn)在的人進行比較，作者真正的目的在于強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的人們和以前的羅馬人一樣嗜血。所以選項D更恰當。

4.細節(jié)事實題。原文提到的危險體育運動有：boxing(拳擊);bearbaiting(逗熊游戲);hunting(打獵);bull-fighting(斗牛);carscrashing(賽車)。所以選項B正確。

5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句話“Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.如果我們禁止危險和暴力的體育運動，我們就向改善人類又邁進了一步。我們將認識到暴力是人類的墮落和不值得?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認為通過禁止暴力運動，人們能夠改善自我。選項A符合原文。

3.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyearsandwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionwhichhaveinterestedthemodemphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodemphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodemeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodemsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodemscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservationthesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodems;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodemispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticular,classoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmodemtimesis

（

）.

3.Thedifferencebetween“fact”andtheory”

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

問題1選項

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

問題2選項

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

問題3選項

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodemscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問題4選項

A.aninductivescience

B.nneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要是在對為什么從希臘文化頂峰時期后兩千年來歸納法和數(shù)學科學發(fā)展如此緩慢，而后的兩百年又超越了前人這一問題進行科學探究，所以D選項“科學探究的方法”適合做文章標題。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?’’或去我們是否點當把兩個階段的特點歸因于所謂的歷史的偶然性歸因于客觀環(huán)境結(jié)合的影響。這一點除非以指導一切的上帝的智慧和無限權(quán)利來解釋，否則難以說清楚。”確定B選項‘這是上帝的行為’正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后三句“Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.”“事實是一個提議。而理論，若是真理論，就有事實的一切特性（除非其證實只能通過非直接的，遙遠的和困難的方式實現(xiàn)），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實必須用簡單的證實，理論因此具有事實的一切特性?！贝_定A選項“后者需要證實”是事實和理論之間的區(qū)別。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences...”可以推斷出數(shù)學不是inductivescience，排除A選項；根據(jù)上一題可知需要簡單證實的是理論，排除B選項；D選項“數(shù)學基于理論和事實”這一觀點沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)，排除；所以通過排除法得出C選項正確。

4.單選題

TheDepartmentofTransportationandCommunications（DOTC.willproceedwiththe（）of48newLightRailVehicles（LRV）fortheMetroRailTransit（MRT）.

問題1選項

A.purchase

B.pursuit

C.probe

D.pledge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項purchase表示“購買，購置，獲得”；B選項pursuit表示“追趕，追求”；C選項probe表示“調(diào)查，探針”；D選項pledge表示“抵押，保證，誓言”。分析句意可知，交通運輸部會繼續(xù)購置48輛新的輕軌，因此只有purchase詞義最符合句意。故本題正確答案為A選項。

5.翻譯題

Pollutionisaproblembecausemaninanincreasinglypopulatedandindustrializedworldisupsettingtheenvironmentinwhichhelives.Manyscientistsmaintainthatoneofman’sgreatesterrorshasbeentoequategrowthwithadvancement.Now“growth”industriesarebeinglookedonwithsuspicionincasetheirsideeffectsdamagetheenvironmentanddisrupttherelationshipofdifferentformsoflife.Thegrowingpopulationmakesincreasingdemandsontheworld’sfixedsupplyofairwaterandland.Thisriseinpopulationisaccompaniedbythedesireofmoreandmorepeopleforabetterstandardofliving,inaneverincreasingamountofwastematerialtobedisposedof.Theproblemhasbeencausingincreasingconcerntolivingthingsandtheirenvironment.Manybelievethatmanisnotsolvingtheseproblemsquicklyenoughandthathisselfishpursuitofpossessionstakeshimpastthepointofnoreturnbeforehefullyrealizesthedamage.

【答案】污染是一個問題，因為在一個人口日益增長和工業(yè)化的世界里，人類正在破壞他所生活的環(huán)境。許多科學家堅持認為人類最大的錯誤之一就是把發(fā)展與進步等同起來?，F(xiàn)在人們對成長型產(chǎn)業(yè)持懷疑態(tài)度，擔心它們的副作用會破壞環(huán)境，破壞不同生命形式之間的關(guān)系。不斷增長的人口對世界上固定的空氣、水和土地的供應(yīng)提出了越來越高的要求。隨著人口的增長，越來越多的人要求更高的生活水平，他們需要處理越來越多的垃圾。這一問題已引起人們對生物及其環(huán)境的日益關(guān)注。許多人認為，人類沒有足夠快地解決這些問題，他對財產(chǎn)的自私追求使他在完全意識到損害之前就已經(jīng)到了不可挽回的地步。

6.單選題

AndwhilethecollapseofRussia’sfinancialsystemisdevastatingtoRussians,Omskisn’tOmaha.

問題1選項

A.destroying

B.betraying

C.wolfish

D.unrelenting

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.destroying摧毀的；毀滅的B.betraying出賣的；背叛的

C.wolfish似狼的D.unrelenting不緩和的；勢頭不減的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】devastating本意是“毀滅性的；令人震驚的”，由thecollapseofRussia’sfinancialsystem（俄羅斯金融體系的崩潰）可知，devastating在句中表示“毀滅性的”，A項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】盡管俄羅斯金融體系的崩潰對俄羅斯人來說是毀滅性的，但鄂木斯克并非奧馬哈。

7.單選題

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（

）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

問題1選項

A.inexhaustible

B.exploited

C.remarkable

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】句意:該地區(qū)多種多樣的熱帶植物說明這里有取之不盡的原材料，而只有少量被利用。

形容詞辨析。Inexhaustible無窮無盡的;exploited被開發(fā)的;remarkable異常的，非凡的;controversial有爭議的。故A符合句意。

8.單選題

Apersonmustsatisfyhisphysiologicalneeds,suchasfood,clothingandshelter,before（）anyotherobjective.

問題1選項

A.recovering

B.searching

C.chasing

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項recovering“恢復，再生”；B選項searching“查找，思索”；C選項chasing“追趕；追求（事業(yè)、金錢、異性）”；D選項pursuing“追趕；追問；努力實現(xiàn)（目標）”。句意：一個人必須先滿足生理需要，如衣食住行，才能（）任何其他的目標。根據(jù)語境，pursuing“努力實現(xiàn)（目標）”搭配objective“目標”比較合理。因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

His（）inEnglish,FrenchandItalianmadehimaprominentinterpreterinthecountry.

問題1選項

A.Proficiency

B.diversion

C.immersion

D.involvement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。proficiency精通，熟練；diversion轉(zhuǎn)移，消遣；immersion沉浸，浸入；involvement參與，牽連。由后半句的prominentinterpreter著名的翻譯家可知他對這三種語言很熟練。故A項正確。

10.單選題

Thelanguagebarriermadecommunicationdifficult,butfinally，partofmymes-

sage（）.

問題1選項

A.passedaway

B.wentover

C.cameup

D.gotthrough

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。passedaway去世；wentover重溫，仔細檢查；cameup發(fā)生，接近；gotthrough使理解，向講清楚。句意：語言障礙使溝通很困難，但我的一部分想法最終還是被（）了。因此D選項符合句意。

11.單選題

Ithasbeenrainingforaday,buteventhoughit______,we______therebytomorrow.

問題1選項

A.hadn’trained,couldn’tget

B.hadn’trained,can’tget

C.didn’train,couldn’tget

D.didn’train,can’tget

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞。eventhough“雖然，即使”后面是一個條件狀語從句，前半句是對過去的假設(shè)，動詞用過去完成時；第二個空格所在的主句是陳述事實，所以用can。句意：雨已經(jīng)下了一天了，但即使沒下雨，我們明天也到不了那里。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

12.翻譯題

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.

（1）Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

（2）Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledperson,whohaddiedinanaccident.

（3）Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsarenormallywhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.（4）Dr.Geschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerenotcrossed.

（5）Otherresearchersdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain'selectricalactivityandmadeamapoftheelectricalsignals.FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren'sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DrDuffyfoundlargedifferenceinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.Hesaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

【答案】（1）現(xiàn)在科學家們知道學習障礙有很多不同的種類，且還知道它們是由不同的事物引起的。

（2）你不能僅憑看一眼孩子就能判斷他或她是否有學習障礙。這種機能失調(diào)沒有外在的標志。因此，一些研究人員開始觀察大腦本身來了解什么地方可能出了問題。

（3）他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種不同尋常的情況。一個與控制語言的大腦左半部的細胞有關(guān)。這些細胞在正常情況下是白色的。然而，有學習障礙的人這些細胞卻是灰色的。

（4）Geschwind博士提出學習障礙主要是由大腦左半部分出現(xiàn)的問題引起的。他認為大腦的這一部分未能正常地發(fā)育。

（5）其他研究人員沒有檢查腦組織。作為替代，他們測量了大腦的電活動，并就這些電信號繪制了一張圖。

13.單選題

Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmyhelpingettingfoodorshelter,inprovidingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.

Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,dependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptation,commontomostplants.Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.

Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.

Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthat,ifconditionschange,itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.

1.Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay（

）.

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theword“environments”couldbestbereplacedby（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdarecolored（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?

5.Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded

B.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditions

C.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind

D.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms

問題2選項

A.contexts

B.surroundings

C.neighbors

D.enemies

問題3選項

A.tofrighteneditsenemies

B.toattractitsenemies

C.toadjustitsbodyheat

D.tomatchitsenvironment

問題4選項

A.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.

B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.

C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.

D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

問題5選項

A.Alivingthingmayhavetheabilitytocreateanenvironmentofitsown.

B.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytoremainstillwhenanenemyisnear.

C.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytomakefoodfromitsinorganicchemicals.

D.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytochangethecolorofitsskin.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段第一句話“Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.某些動植物發(fā)展出來一些特征，幫助它們比其他同類更好的適應(yīng)環(huán)境?！笨梢酝茢喑霰绢}正確答案選C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。選項A“環(huán)境；上下文語境”；選項B“環(huán)境；周圍的事物”；選項C“鄰居”；選項D“敵人”。單詞所在的句子是第一段第一句和最后一句。根據(jù)上題的分析，environments應(yīng)該指的是周圍的事物所形成的環(huán)境。故正確答案選B。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話“Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.鹿的皮毛顏色發(fā)生變化是因為要融入環(huán)境?！边@句話是對本段第一句主旨句的舉例論證，由此推斷，動物的皮毛顏色發(fā)生變化是為了融入環(huán)境和適應(yīng)環(huán)境。選項D更符合文章意思。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第三段前面兩句話“Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics…有機體有許多適應(yīng)方式，它們也許在結(jié)構(gòu)上，功能上和遺傳方面適應(yīng)……”由這句話可知選項A、B和C都是動物改變自我適應(yīng)環(huán)境的方式。選項D在文章中沒有提到。故正確答案選D。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.有機體可以創(chuàng)造自身的環(huán)境，就像恒溫的哺乳動物一樣，盡管天氣變化，它們也能調(diào)節(jié)自己的體溫?！庇纱丝芍髡咭煤銣夭溉閯游锉３煮w溫的行為是為了說明它們能夠創(chuàng)造自身的環(huán)境。故正確答案選A。

14.單選題

Ifonebrandofcomputeris（）withanotherbrand,theycanbeusedtogetherandcanusethesamesoftware.

問題1選項

A.competent

B.compulsory

C.comparable

D.compatible

【答案】D

【解析】competent勝任的,有能力的；compulsory義務(wù)的,必修的；comparable同等的,可比較的；compatible兼容的,能共處的。句意：如果一個品牌的電腦與另一個品牌的電腦兼容,它們就可以一起使用,并且可以使用相同的軟件。選項D符合句意。

15.單選題

BecausepartsofthecontinentofSouthAfricaarestillcoveredwiththickforests,（）tosomepartsofitisstilldifficult.

問題1選項

A.orientation

B.voyage

C.procession

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項orientation“方向，定向”；B選項voyage“航行”；C選項procession“隊伍，行列”；D選項access“通道，入口”。根據(jù)句意：由于南非大陸的一些地區(qū)仍然覆蓋著茂密的森林，進入其中一些地區(qū)仍然很困難。表示通往某地的入口用access，所以選項D正確。

16.翻譯題

疲勞是人們向醫(yī)生、朋友和親人最常抱怨的問題之一?；蛟S你認為在這個擁有各種節(jié)省體力的裝置和方便的交通設(shè)施的時代。很少有人會有理由感到如此疲勞。然而，今天與用手捆干草，用搓衣板洗衣服的昔日相比，抱怨疲勞的人也許更多了。據(jù)醫(yī)生們說，疲倦更可能是由于過少的活動所致，而不是過多的活動所引起的。情緒問題和煩惱，特別是憂郁和焦慮，顯然是長期疲勞最常見的原因。

【答案】Fatigueisoneofthemostcommonproblemscomplainedbypeopletodoctors,friendsandfolks.Perhapsyouthinkthatfewwouldhavereasonstofeeltiredintheeraoffullofallkindsofstrength-savingdeviceandconvenienttransportfacilities.However,maybemorepeoplecomplainaboutthefatiguenowadaysthantheolddayswhenbalinghaybyhandandwashingclotheswithawashboard.Asthedoctorsaid,fatigueismorelikelytoresultfromtoolittleactivity,andnottobecausedbytoomanyactivities.Emotionalproblemsandtrouble,especiallydepressionandanxiety,areclearlythemostcommoncauseofchronicfatigue.

17.單選題

toacclaimAasX:topraiseApubliclyandenthusiasticallyasX.

ananatomist:amedicalscientistwhocutsopendeadbodiestostudythemtocommissionX:toorderX(tobemadeorobtained)acorpse:adeadbodytodisinter:tounburygynecology:themedicalfielddealingwithwomen’sdiseasesahenchman:asupporterorassistantwillingtouseviolenceorcriminalmeansleukemia:bloodcancerlucrativeprofitableamidwife:apersontrainedtohelpwomengivebirth

obese:veryfatobstetrics:themedicalfieldthatdealswithpregnancyandthedeliveryofbabiespajamas:lightclothesforsleepinginapar:alevelapoorhouse:(historical)apublicshelterinwhichjoblesspoorpeoplewerefedinexchangeforworkapractitioner:someoneworksactivelyin(aprofession)proximity:nearnessaserialkiller:someonewhomurderanumberofpeopleinseparateincidentsSherlockHolmes:themostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliteratureaspree:aperiodofwildactivityunsavoury:dishonest,untrustworthyandprobablyinvolvedincrime

1.WilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliecommissionedaregularsupplyofcorpsessotheycouldstudythephysicaleffectsofpregnancy,arguesrespectedhistorianDonShelton.Thesemenaregiantsofmedicine,pioneersofthecarethatwomenreceiveduringchildbirthandwerethefoundingfathersofobstetrics.ThenamesofWilliamhunterandWilliamSmelliestillinspirerespectamongtoday’sdoctors,morethan250yearsaftertheymadetheircontributionstohealthcare,Suchweretheduo’sreputationsasoutstandingphysicianstheclientelesoftheirprivatepracticesincludedtherichandfamousofmid-18th-centruyLondon.

2.Butweretheyalsoserialkillers?NewresearchpublishedintheJOURNALOFTHERoyalSocietyofMedicine(JRSM)claimsthattheywere.Adetailedhistoricalstudyaccusesthedoctorsofarrangingforthekillingofdozensofwomen,manyinthelaterstagesofpregnancy,todissecttheircorpses.“SmellieandHunterwereresponsibleforaseriesof18th^-century‘burking’murdersofpregnantwomen,withadeathtotalgreaterthanthecombinedmurderscommittedbyBurkeandHareandJacktheRipper”writesShelton.(“Burking”involvedmurderingpeopletoorder,usuallyformedicalresearch;toavoidtroublewiththelaw,itwasimportanttokillthevictimsinsuchawaythattheyseemedtohavediedofnaturalcauses.Theverb“toburke”isderivedfromthenameofWilliamBurke,anIrishmanconvictedinEndinburghin1829ofkillingpeoplesohecouldselltheirbodiesformedicalexperiments.)

3.AccordingtoShelton,HunterandSmelliewerebetweenthemresponsibleforthemurdersof-40pregnantwomenandtheirunbornchildren.Actingseparately,andusinghenchmentodeliver.Theirsupply,theyorganizedakillingspreeinLondonbetween1749and1755and,afteraperiodofinactivityenforcedbymountingsuspicionaboutthesourceofheircorpses,resumedbetween1764and1774.Motivatedbyego,personalrivalryandashareddesiretobenefitfrombeingacclaimedastheforemostchildbirthdoctorsoftheirtime,HunterandSmelliesacrificedlifeafterlifeintheirqueststostudypregnancy’sphysicaleffectsandtodevelopnewtechniques,theauthorsays.“Althoughitsoundsabsolutelyincredible,thecircumstantialliteraryevidencesuggeststheyweremostlikelycompetingwitheachotherinexperimentingwithsecretcaesareansectionsonconscious,orfreshlymurdered,victims,withaviewtoextractingandrevivingthebabies,”SheltontoldtheObserver.”

4.Sheltonexaminedthemen’sanatomicalatlases,containingdetailedimagesof

pregnantwomenwhohadbeenopenedup,andmedicalliteratureandthecausesofdeathinLondonatthetime.Glasgow’sHunterianmuseumandgalleryisnamedafterScottish-born