考研考博-英語(yǔ)-保定學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-保定學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisanoffencetoshow（）againstpeopleofdifferentraces.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.difference

C.separation

D.discrimination

【答案】D

【解析】句意:對(duì)不同種族的人表現(xiàn)出歧視是一種冒犯。

考查名詞辨析。distinction區(qū)別，特性;difference差異，不同;separation分離，距離;discrimination歧視，區(qū)別，辨別。故D符合句意。

2.單選題

Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestchildthanshewastotheothers,（）ofcourse,madetheothersjealous.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.which

C.what

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：從句與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，獨(dú)立存在，去掉了也不會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子的意思，所以這里用的是非限定定語(yǔ)從句。句意：海倫對(duì)她最小的孩子比別的孩子好，當(dāng)然這使得其他孩子很嫉妒。此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代海倫對(duì)她最小的孩子比別的孩子好這個(gè)事情，所以本題的正確選項(xiàng)是B選項(xiàng)。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thereisnothingthatmanfearsmorethanthetouchoftheunknown.Hewantstoseewhatisreachingtowardshim,andtobeabletorecognizeoratleastclassifyit.Manalwaystendstoavoidphysicalcontactwithanythingstrange.Eveninsleep,whenheisfarmoreunguarded,hecanalltooeasilybedisturbedbyatouch.

Allthedistanceswhichmencreateroundthemselvesaredictatedbythisfear.Theyshutthemselvesinhouseswhichnoonemayenter,notonlythefearofbeingrobbed,butalsothefearofasuddenandunexpectedclutchoutofthedarkness.Thefearofbeingtouchedremainswithuswhenwegoaboutamongpeople;thewaywemoveinabusystreet,inrestaurants,trainsorbuses,isgovernedbyit.Evenwhenwearestandingnexttothemandareabletowatchandexaminethemclosely,weavoidactualcontactifwecan.Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone;andthenitiswewhomaketheapproach.

Itisonlyinacrowdthatmancanbecomefreeofthisfearofbeingtouched.Thatistheonlysituationinwhichthefearchangesintoitsopposite.Thecrowdheneedsisthedensecrowd,inwhichbodyispressedtobody;acrowd,too,whosephysicalconstitutionisalsodense,orcompact,sothathenolongernoticeswhoitisthatpressesagainsthim.Assoonasamanhassurrenderedhimselftothecrowdheceasestofearitstouch.

Ideallyallareequalthere;nodistinctionscount,noteventhatofsex.Themanpressedagainsthimisthesameashimself.Hefeelshimashefeelshimself.Suddenlyitisasthougheverythingwerehappeninginoneandthesamebody.Thisisperhapsoneofthereasonswhyacrowdseekstocloseinonitself:itwantstorideachindividualascompletelyaspossibleofthefearofbeingtouched.Themorefiercelypeoplepresstogether,themorecertaintheyfeelthattheydonotfeareachother.Thisreversalofthefearofbeingtouchedbelongstothenatureofcrowds.Thefeelingofreliefismoststrikingwherethedensityofthecrowdisgreatest.

1.Peoplefearburglarsbecause（）.

2.Inpublic,accordingtotheauthor,we（）.

3.Whichisthepossiblemeaningofthephrase“maketheapproach”inParagraph3?

4.Thewaywefeelwheninacrowdispresentedasa(n)（）.

5.Onceformed,crowdsalwaystendto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyarrivesuddenlyandunexpectedly

B.theygrabyouinthedark

C.theytakeawayyourmosttreasuredpersonalpossessions

D.theyattackpeopleintheassumedsafetyoftheirhome

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alwaysavoidcontactwithpeople

B.donotobjecttosomeoneattractivetouchingus

C.feelveryuneasy

D.trynottobetouched

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.runaway

B.makeone’sway

C.layouttheroad

D.trytogetnearer

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.absurdity

B.logicalconclusion

C.opposite

D.paradox

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.becomeuncomfortable

B.contract

C.expand

D.splitup

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。文中第一句話Thereisnothingthatmanfearsmorethanthetouchoftheunknown.“沒(méi)有什么比接觸未知更讓人害怕的了?！币约暗诙蔚诙銽heyshutthemselvesinhouseswhichnoonemayenter,notonlythefearofbeingrobbed,butalsothefearofasuddenandunexpectedclutchoutofthedarkness.“他們把自己關(guān)在一所不讓人進(jìn)去的房子里，不僅怕被搶劫，而且也怕突然地、意外地從黑暗中鉆出來(lái)。”有提到，人們害怕未知事物是因?yàn)榕潞诎抵械耐蝗灰馔狻選項(xiàng)“他們來(lái)得突然，出乎意料”這是竊賊的特點(diǎn)，但不是人們害怕的理由；B選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诤诎抵凶プ∧恪?，跟原文表達(dá)的意思是一樣的；C選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)帶走你最珍貴的個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)”文中有提及，但表示深層原因；D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谌藗冋J(rèn)為安全的家里攻擊他們”跟“黑暗中被抓住”意思有出入。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。文章第二段提到…weavoidactualcontactifwecan.Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone…“我們盡量避免實(shí)際接觸。如果我們不回避它，那是因?yàn)槲覀儽荒橙宋恕保纱丝芍?，在公共?chǎng)合，作者認(rèn)為我們不反對(duì)有吸引力的人對(duì)我們的碰觸，所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“總是避免與人接觸”跟原文表述“盡量避免與人接觸”還是有區(qū)別的，前者有些絕對(duì)化，人多的時(shí)候我們不可能避免接觸，只是說(shuō)盡量；C選項(xiàng)“感到十分不安”，文中沒(méi)有提到關(guān)于心情方面；D選項(xiàng)“盡量不要被碰”也是比較絕對(duì)的說(shuō)法。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題意定位到文章第二段Ifwedonotavoidit,itisbecausewefeelattractedtosomeone;andthenitiswewhomaketheapproach.“如果我們不回避它，那是因?yàn)槲覀儽荒橙宋?；然后是我們?lái)采取行動(dòng)?！庇纱丝芍琺aketheapproach意為“采取措施，采取行動(dòng)”。A選項(xiàng)“逃跑”意思不對(duì)；B選項(xiàng)“讓路，行走”也不符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“鋪設(shè)道路”可排除；D選項(xiàng)“試著靠近”與approach（靠近）意思一致，比較符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章第三段Itisonlyinacrowdthatmancanbecomefreeofthisfearofbeingtouched.Thatistheonlysituationinwhichthefearchangesintoitsopposite.

“只有在人群中，人們才能擺脫被觸碰的恐懼。只有在這種情況下，恐懼才會(huì)變成與之相反的?！焙竺孢€給出了相應(yīng)的合理解釋。由此可知，我們?cè)谌巳褐幸话愕母惺苁呛侠淼摹選項(xiàng)“合乎邏輯的結(jié)論”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“荒謬，謬論”與題意相反；C選項(xiàng)“相反的”并不是原文要表達(dá)的意思；D選項(xiàng)“悖論”不合題意可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章最后一段Thisisperhapsoneofthereasonswhyacrowdseekstocloseinonitself:itwantstorideachindividualascompletelyaspossibleofthefearofbeingtouched.“這也許是群體慢慢向他自己靠攏的原因之一：它希望盡可能徹底地消除每個(gè)個(gè)體對(duì)被觸碰的恐懼?！币馑际侨巳憾嗔耍總€(gè)人所占據(jù)的空間就相應(yīng)地縮小了，也就向自己越靠越緊了。B選項(xiàng)contract“收縮”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“變得不舒服”，由最后一句話可知該選項(xiàng)意思不對(duì)；C選項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)張”與題意正好相反；D選項(xiàng)“分開(kāi)”文中未提及可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.案例題

Touristsareguilty,sowearefrequentlytold,ofanumberofcrimes:upsettingtheecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayas,parkingwadsofchewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumsandartgalleries,wearingunsuitableT-shirtsinNotreDame,debauchingthelocalpeasantryandgenerallyloweringthetoneofeverywheretheychoosetosettheirbenightedfeet.Rarelyhasagroupofpeoplebeensowidelyreviled,andIamoneofthem.Soareyou.I'vebeenatouristinProvenceforabout15yearsnowoftenonthereceivingendofcriticismormildabusefrompeoplewhoaccusemeofhaving"ruined"theregionbywritingaboutit.Curiously,thesecomplaints,whicharesometimesoffensiveandinvariablyveryshrill,donotcomefromtheProvencethemselves,whoseemtoregardmeasafairlybenevolentoddity,butfrommyfellowtourists.

FromtheirvantagepointsinLondonorBrusselsorBoston,theydeplorewhattheysayhashappenedtoProvence.Theyknow,frominvestigationscarriedoutduringtheirbriefannualvacations,thatProvencehaschanged.Themarketsaremorecrowded,thepriceshavegoneup,therestaurantsarefull,thesunniestcafetablesaretaken,bakersrunoutofbread,waitersrunoutofpatience,thereisnowheretoparkandnobody—butnobody—canbefoundtofixaleakingpool.

MasstourisminProvencestartedmorethan2,600yearsagowiththearrivalofGreeksfromPhocea,whofoundedMarseille.Theywereacivilizinginfluenceandprovidedjobsforthelocals,andcouldthereforebedescribedasacceptabletourists.SoweretheRomans,whobuiltthemonumentsandviaductsandamphitheatersthatwestillenjoy.Thencameabadpatch,withthearrivalofVisigoths,OstrogothsandFranks.Theyamusedthemselvesbyterrifyingtheinhabitantsandravagingthecountryside.Here,perhaps,iswhereithaditsstart:thereputationoftouristsasslobs.

Aftermanyyearsofon-the-spotobservation,Iwouldliketoputinagoodwordforthismuch-malignedspecies.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofthesevisitorsareamiableandconsideratepeoplewhowantnothingmorethanquietenjoyment.TheyhavecometoProvenceforsunshineandspectacularscenery,forthefoodandthewine,forapleasantbreakfromreallife.Ofcoursetherearecrowds,particularlyinJulyandAugust,butthesetendtobeconfinedtothetownsandpostcardvillages.Forthosewhowantsolitude,beautifulandemptycountrysideisonlyashortdriveaway.

Personally,Ihaveneverfoundthetouristseasonintolerable;indeed,thereisreasontobegratefulforsomeofitseffects.Ifitweren'tforthemoneythattourismbrings,manyofthechateauxandgardensopentothepublicwouldbecomederelict;monumentswouldbelefttocrumble;manyrestaurantscouldneversurviveonlocalcustomalone;itwouldn'tbeworthputtingonconcertsorvillagefetes.Rurallifewouldbethepoorer.

Obviously,thisisnottrueeverywhere.Somepartsoftheworldhavebeensothoroughlyoverexploitedthattheyhavelostwhatevercharmtheyoncepossessed.Thisisusuallytheresultoflocalgreed;butthetourist,nottherapaciousdeveloper,getsmostoftheblame.

Thepassagebelowsummarizesthemainpointsofthepassage.Readthesummaryandthenselectthebestwordorphrasefromtheboxblowaccordingtothepassage.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Touristsarefrequentlycriticized(1)theecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayasand(2)chewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumandartgalleries.Theyarealsoblamedfortheir(3)whilevisitingNotreDame.MyfellowtouristshavereviledmeforhavingdestroyedProvence(4).Theyhavemadealotofcomplains(5).Forinstance,therehavebeenthebusiermarkets,higherprices,(6)restaurants,cafetablesandparkinglots,(7)emptybakeriesandimpatientwaiters.Yet,Provencebegan(8)over2,600yearsago.ThelocalswelcomedGreeks(9),andRomans(10),viaductsandamphitheaters.ButthoseofVisigoths,OstrogothsandFranksbroughtthetouristsinto(11)byterrifyingtheinhabitantsand(12).Accordingmyobservation,Iwouldliketosayafewwords(13)thosemuchblamedtourists.Mostofthemareamiableandconsiderate,andtheycamemostlytothetownsandpostcardvillagesinProvenceinJulyandAugustjustforsunshine,(14),thefood,thewine,apleasantbreakfromreallife.IbelieveProvencehasbeen(15)totourism(16)thechateaux,gardensandmonuments,and(17)concertsandvillagefetesinthedistricts.Butusuallythetouristis(18)theblame(19)and(20)insomepartsoftheworld.

A.spectacularscenery

B.fortheholdingof

C.nottomention

D.grateful

E.thesmearingof

F.basedontheirownperspectives

G.itsmassivetourism

H.bywritingaboutit

I.ravagingthecountryside

J.fortheirspoilageof

K.shouldered

L.fortheoverexploitation

M.amiableandconsiderate

N.highoccupancyof

O.forthesurvivalof

P.thelostcharm

Q.poorbehavior

R.forthemonuments

S.disrepute

T.fortheircivilizinginfluence

【答案】1.J

2.E

3.Q

4.H

5.F

6.N

7.C

8.G

9.T

10.R

11.S

12.I

13.M

14.A

15.D

16.O

17.B

18.K

19.L

20.P

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...upsettingtheecologicalbalanceofMountHimalayas.”游客經(jīng)常被批評(píng)，因?yàn)槠茐牧讼柴R拉雅山的生態(tài)平衡。所以，填空處為“fortheirspoilageof”，指損壞，糟蹋。

2.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...parkingwadsofchewinggumunderthebenchesofmuseumsandartgalleries.”在博物館和藝術(shù)畫廊的長(zhǎng)椅下放口香糖。所以，空格處應(yīng)填"thesmearingof”，指弄臟。

3.根據(jù)“wearingunsuitableT-shirtsinNotreDame.”可知，空格處應(yīng)填“poorbehavior”，指不雅的行為。

4.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“I'vebeenatouristinProvence...having"ruined"theregionbywritingaboutit.”我在普羅旺斯做了大約15年的游客，現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常受到一些人的批評(píng)或輕微的辱罵，他們指責(zé)我通過(guò)寫有關(guān)普羅旺斯的文章“毀了”這個(gè)地區(qū)。所以,空格處應(yīng)填“bywritingaboutif”。

5.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知,他們的抱怨不是來(lái)自于普羅旺斯人,而是基于游客自己的觀點(diǎn)。所以,空格處應(yīng)填”basedontheirownperspectives”。

6.根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Themarketsaremorecrowded,thepriceshavegoneup,therestaurantsarefull,thesunniestcafetablesaretaken,...”市場(chǎng)更加擁擠，物價(jià)上漲，餐館客滿，陽(yáng)光最充足的咖啡館也擠滿了人。所以,空格處應(yīng)填“highoccupancyof"。

7.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,市場(chǎng)更加擁擠,物價(jià)上漲,餐館客滿,陽(yáng)光最充足的咖啡館也擠滿了人，更不用說(shuō)賣空了的面包店和不耐煩的服務(wù)員。nottomention指更不用說(shuō)。

8.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“MasstourisminProvencestartedmorethan2,600yearsago...”可知，填空處應(yīng)填“itsmassivetourism”。

9.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Theywereacivilizinginfluenceandprovidedjobsforthelocals,andcouldthereforebedescribedasacceptabletourists.”希臘人受到當(dāng)?shù)厝说臍g迎是因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)文明產(chǎn)生了影嘛并為當(dāng)?shù)厝颂峁┝斯ぷ?。所以，空格處?yīng)填“fortheircivilizinginfluence”。

10.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“SoweretheRomans,whobuiltthemonumentsandviaductsandamphitheatersthatwestillenjoy.”羅馬人受到當(dāng)?shù)厝说臍g迎是因?yàn)樗麄兘ㄔ炝思o(jì)念碑、高架橋和圓形劇場(chǎng)。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“forthemonuments”。

11.根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句可知，西哥特人、東哥特人和法蘭克人以恐嚇居民和破壞鄉(xiāng)村為樂(lè)。也許游客聲譽(yù)受損就是從這里開(kāi)始的。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“disrepute”，odisrepute意為“使某人聲譽(yù)掃地,使某人聲名狼籍"。

12.據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Theyamusedthemselvesbyterrifyingtheinhabitantsandravagingthecountryside.”可知，他們以恐嚇居民和破壞鄉(xiāng)村為樂(lè)。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“ravagingthecountryside”。

13.根據(jù)第四段的一二句可知，絕大多數(shù)的旅游者都是友好的，而且是考慮周到的。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“amiableandconsiderate”。

14.根據(jù)第四段的第三句“TheyhavecometoProvenceforsunshineandspectacularscenery,forthefoodandthewine,forapleasantbreakfromreallife.”他們來(lái)到普羅旺斯是為了享受陽(yáng)光和壯麗的景色，享受美食和美酒，享受與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的愉快休憩。所以應(yīng)填“spectacularscenery"。

15.根據(jù)第五段的第一句“thereisreasontobegratefulforsomeofitseffects.”普羅旺斯應(yīng)該對(duì)旅游業(yè)表示感謝。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“grateful”。

16.根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，如果不是旅游業(yè)為普羅旺斯帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，這里就會(huì)百業(yè)凋零。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“forthesurvivalof"。

17.根據(jù)第五段的倒數(shù)第二句“...itwouldn'tbeworthputtingonconcertsorvillagefetes.”如果沒(méi)有旅游業(yè)也就沒(méi)必要舉辦音樂(lè)會(huì)或者鄉(xiāng)村宴會(huì)了。所以應(yīng)填“fortheholdingof”。

18.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“butthetourist,nottherapaciousdeveloper,getsmostoftheblame.”通常都是游客承擔(dān)責(zé)任而不是開(kāi)發(fā)商。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“shouldered”。

19.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，世界的某些地區(qū)被過(guò)度開(kāi)采,造成這些地區(qū)喪失了曾經(jīng)擁有的吸引力。而這個(gè)責(zé)任也被推到了游客身上。所以，空格處應(yīng)填"fortheoverexploitation”。

20.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，世界的某些地區(qū)被過(guò)度開(kāi)采,造成這些地區(qū)喪失了曾經(jīng)擁有的吸引力。而這個(gè)責(zé)任也被推到了游客身上。所以，空格處應(yīng)填“thelostcharm”。

5.單選題

Hisoriginalityasacomposeris（

）bythefollowinggroupofsongs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exemplified

B.created

C.performed

D.realize

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exemplify“例證”；create“創(chuàng)造”；perform“執(zhí)行；表演”；realize“實(shí)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)識(shí)到”。句意：作為作曲家，下面例舉的幾首曲子可以證明他的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.翻譯題

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.縱觀美國(guó)歷史，幾乎總是至少會(huì)有一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)中心的故事，讓雄心勃勃或不滿足的人有理由收拾行囊，到別處去尋找機(jī)遇。在歐洲人定居的前300年左右，這種故事是關(guān)于人口向外遷移的：讓移民先到大陸，然后再到邊疆開(kāi)辟草原，排干濕地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果沒(méi)有新的土地可以征服，這個(gè)精力充沛、富有進(jìn)取精神的國(guó)家將會(huì)怎樣？有些人，比如泰迪?羅斯福，決定繼續(xù)征服(古巴、菲律賓等地)，但最終，在工業(yè)化的進(jìn)程中，美國(guó)在國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)流動(dòng)的故事。

3.而且這些行業(yè)的規(guī)模足夠大，可以為各個(gè)階層的工人提供工作，從非技術(shù)工人到經(jīng)理或工程師。但是今天，我們經(jīng)濟(jì)中為數(shù)不多的亮點(diǎn)相對(duì)較小(盡管一些亮點(diǎn)未來(lái)可能會(huì)增長(zhǎng))，而且是分散管理的。

4.順便說(shuō)一下，你不需要成為下一個(gè)Facebook的創(chuàng)始人馬克?扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微軟中心找到一份工作。但幾乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位或在技術(shù)學(xué)校待過(guò)一兩年。這個(gè)新興的擇業(yè)市場(chǎng)是全國(guó)性的，它為流動(dòng)階層的成員提供了有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的薪資和更高的議價(jià)權(quán)力。

5.他稱，盡管那些頂尖大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生不論他們學(xué)的專業(yè)是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生將會(huì)根據(jù)他們所學(xué)的知識(shí)來(lái)接受評(píng)判。為了在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)工作崗位，他們應(yīng)該具備新興產(chǎn)業(yè)所需要的技能，無(wú)論是技術(shù)性的還是非技術(shù)性的。

7.單選題

Manyyoungpeopletake（

）radiostothebeachwiththem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.liable

B.portable

C.purchasable

D.cherishable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。liable“有責(zé)任的，有義務(wù)的”；portable“手提的，便攜式的”；purchasable“可買的，可買到的”；cherishable“值得珍惜的”。句意：很多年輕人帶著便攜式收音機(jī)去沙灘。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Inschoolexaminationscertainsubjectsareoptional.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notdifficult

B.notnecessary

C.nottobechosen

D.notcompulsory

【答案】D

【解析】optional意為“可選擇的，隨意的”。notcompulsory非強(qiáng)制的，選項(xiàng)D與原句所表達(dá)的意思相符。

9.填空題

AsianAmericanchildrenofhighschoolagegenerallyoutscoreotherstudentsontheScholastic

A

AptitudeTest.Theymakeupadisproportionatelargesegmentofstudentbodiesinthemostprominent

B

C

D

collegesanduniversities.

【答案】Cdisproportionate改為disproportionately

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】副詞。

【解題思路】large為形容詞，應(yīng)該用副詞修飾，所以用disproportionately正確。

【句意】亞裔美國(guó)高中生在學(xué)業(yè)能力傾向測(cè)試中的得分普遍高于其他學(xué)生。在最著名的學(xué)院和大學(xué)里，他們?cè)趯W(xué)生群體中所占比例相當(dāng)大。

10.單選題

Toachievesustainabledevelopment,the（）ofresourcesisassumingnewimportance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.reservation

C.exhaustion

D.devastation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conservation“保護(hù)，保存”，B項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)定”，C項(xiàng)exhaustion“筋疲力盡”，D項(xiàng)devastation“毀壞”。根據(jù)后面的resource可知句意：為了實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，儲(chǔ)備資源正具有新的重要性。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Theenvironmentiseverythingthatsurroundsus:plants,animals,buildings,country,air,andwater——literallyeverythingthatcanaffectusinanyway.Theenvironmentofatown,withitsbuildingsandtrafficanditsnoiseandsmells,whereeveryoneisontopofeveryoneelse,isafarcryfromthatofthecountryside,withitsfieldsandcrops,itswildanddomesticanimalsanditsfeelingofspaciousness.Andtheenvironmentdiffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.

Ecologyisthescienceofhowlivingcreaturesandplantsexisttogetheranddependoneachotherandonthelocalenvironment.Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminated（滅絕）oranalienspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset——inotherwords,thebalanceofnaturewillbedisturbed.

Manisapartoftheenvironmentandhasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduringhisshortspanonearththananyotherlivingcreature.Hehasdonethisbyhisignorance,hisgreed,hisfoolishnessandhiswastefulness.

Hehaspoisonedthatatmosphereandpollutedbothlandandwater.Hehaswastedtheearth’snaturalresourceswithnothoughtforthefuture,andhasthoughtoutthemostdevastatingwaysofkillinghisfellowmen——andeveryothersortoflifeatthesametime.

Sincemanhasdonesomuchdamage,itisuptomantotrytoputmattersright—ifitisnotalreadytoolate.Ifthereistobeanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsoftheyoung,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,thebetter.

Oneofthemaincausesoftheearth’stroublesisthattheworldisoverpopulatedandthatthisoverpopulationisgrowingatanever-increasingrate.Atthesametime,weareusingupournaturalresources—fuelsandmineralores—atanever-increasingratewithnohopeofreplacingthem.

Formanyyearstheearthhasbeenunabletoprovideenoughfoodfortheserapidlyexpandingpopulationsandthepositionissteadilydeterioratingsincethefertilityofsomeofourrichestsoilshasbeenlostandvastareasthatwereoncefertilelandshaveturnedintobarrendeserts.Andthetroublewithdesertsisthattheytendtocreepoutwardsontothefertilesoils.WhatisnowthenorthernSaharaDesertwasthegranary（糧倉(cāng)）ofthecivilizedworld2,500yearsago.

Evenatthismomentmanyoftheearth’snaturaltreasuresarebeingdestroyed,manyvaluableanimalsandplantsarebeingkilledoff,anditisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttogrowenoughfoodtopreservemuchoftheearth’spopulationfromstarvation.Thesituationisgettingoutofhand.Timeisrunningout.Butwithyourhelp,wemaybeabletoreversethetrendswhichthreatenourveryexistence.Whocares?

1.Theecologyofanareaisinbalanceif（

）.

2.Duringhislifeonearth,manhas（

）.

3.Theyoung（

）.

4.Oneofthegreatestproblemsisthatthereare（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnonoise

B.thereisnointerruption

C.thereisnointerference

D.therearenopeople

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.donemorethananylivingcreature

B.causedthemostdamagetotheecology

C.damagedtheecologymorethanotherlivingcreatures

D.donemoreharmthangood

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.canhandletheproblem

B.havetheanswertotheproblem

C.areresponsiblefortheproblem

D.holdtheresponsibilityforthefuture

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.manypeopleintheworldexpandingrapidly

B.toomanypeopleintheworld,andtheirnumbersareincreasing

C.toomanypeopleincreasingintheworld

D.toomanypeopleintheworldalwaysexpanding

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.toinformpeopleaboutthescienceofecology

B.toencouragepeopletodosomethingabouttheenvironment

C.tocriticizeMan’sactions

D.tohelpusunderstandtheworldwelivein

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段第二句Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminatedoranalienspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset——inotherwords,thebalanceofnaturewillbedisturbed提到環(huán)境沒(méi)有遭到破壞的地方就是生態(tài)平衡的地方，但是如果有某一種生物滅絕或者有外來(lái)物種入侵，那么這個(gè)地方的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)就會(huì)被破壞，換言之，自然界的生態(tài)平衡被打破。所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章第三段Manisapartoftheenvironmentandhasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduringhisshortspanonearththananyotherlivingcreature提到人類是環(huán)境的一部分，在其存在于地球上的短暫時(shí)間中，對(duì)生態(tài)造成的破壞比其他任何生物都多。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第五段ifitisnotalreadytoolate.Ifthereistobeanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsoftheyoung,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,thebetter提到現(xiàn)在還不算太晚，還有補(bǔ)救的機(jī)會(huì)，主要就是靠年青一代，并且這些補(bǔ)救措施越早實(shí)施越好。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第六段oneofthemaincausesoftheearth’stroublesisthattheworldisoverpopulatedandthatthisoverpopulationisgrowingatanever-increasingrate提到讓地球變成如今這樣的主要原因之一便是世界人口過(guò)多，并且人口的數(shù)量還在不斷增加。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章主要講了人類對(duì)生態(tài)平衡造成的破壞，并且呼吁人們?cè)谶€沒(méi)到無(wú)法挽回的地步前趕緊采取措施，避免生態(tài)進(jìn)一步惡化。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking，sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountis“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject.Thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographersalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansugge