考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Ithaschangedthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmoreimportant,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

1.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat（）.

2.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat（）.

3.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeansthat（）.

4.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforce

B.manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasing

C.peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactories

D.mostofthejobopportunitiescannowbefoundintheserviceindustry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificant

B.people’straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrue

C.mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobs

D.peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnology

B.futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutunbelievablechanges

C.theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlooked

D.computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservice

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformation

B.givefullplaytotheirbrainpotentialareinvolvedintheserviceindustries

C.involvethemselvesintheserviceindustries

D.casttheirmindaheadinsteadoflookingback

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Computersandtheknowledgesociety

B.ServiceIndustriesintheModernSociety

C.FeaturesandmeaningsoftheNewEra

D.RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnology

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段第六句TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.（如今，美國(guó)、歐洲和日本的大部分工作（其中許多國(guó)家三分之二或更多）都在服務(wù)行業(yè)，而且這一數(shù)字還在上升。），可知服務(wù)行業(yè)提供大部分工作機(jī)會(huì)，故D選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)行業(yè)提供大部分工作機(jī)會(huì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)業(yè)越來(lái)越依賴(lài)女性勞動(dòng)力”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句，越來(lái)越多女性參加工作，但不等于服務(wù)業(yè)越來(lái)越依賴(lài)女性。B選項(xiàng)“制造業(yè)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)”和C選項(xiàng)“人們發(fā)現(xiàn)在工廠工作越來(lái)越難以謀生”：根據(jù)第一段第五句，制造產(chǎn)品的人比例急劇下降，沒(méi)有提到制造業(yè)薪水問(wèn)題。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第十句italsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself（它也形成一個(gè)基本的新的思考工作本身的性質(zhì)的方式。）和最后一句Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers…allthesearebeingchallenged（長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)人們對(duì)工作和職業(yè)的觀念……所有這些都受到了挑戰(zhàn)），可見(jiàn)人們對(duì)工作和職業(yè)的思考方式完全轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種新的，故B選項(xiàng)“人們關(guān)于工作的傳統(tǒng)觀念不再成立”正確。A選項(xiàng)“雇員和雇主之間的差異已經(jīng)變得微不足道”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句，雇員和雇主之間的關(guān)系受到挑戰(zhàn)，沒(méi)有提到差異微不足道。C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人不得不做兼職工作”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句，兼職工作更多，不等于大多數(shù)人不得不做兼職工作。D選項(xiàng)“人們不得不時(shí)不時(shí)地?fù)Q工作”：文章沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.綜合歸納題。第二段第一句Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead（我們只要回顧過(guò)去，就能對(duì)未來(lái)有所了解）和最后一句Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob（這將是你工作的方式），可知作者通過(guò)舉計(jì)算機(jī)和其他發(fā)明的例子讓讀者知道未來(lái)技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向和對(duì)工作的影響，旨在表達(dá)要對(duì)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)，故A選項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該能夠?qū)夹g(shù)的進(jìn)步做出迅速反應(yīng)”正確。其余選項(xiàng)雖然作者有提到，但是不是核心意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.綜合歸納題。在第二段中，作者提到Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead…lookingahead20years…castyourmindahead10years（我們只要回顧過(guò)去，就能對(duì)未來(lái)有所了解……展望未來(lái)20年……以10年后的角度思考），可見(jiàn)作者反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在就要把目光放在未來(lái)，故D選項(xiàng)“思考未來(lái)，而非看向過(guò)去”正確。A選項(xiàng)“掌握并懂得如何利用信息”：運(yùn)用信息解決問(wèn)題的能力是一方面，不是核心。B選項(xiàng)“充分發(fā)揮大腦潛能的人都從事服務(wù)業(yè)”和C選項(xiàng)“投身服務(wù)業(yè)”：服務(wù)業(yè)在近年來(lái)發(fā)展迅速，但文章沒(méi)有重點(diǎn)講在未來(lái)如何。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Aneweraisuponus（一個(gè)新的時(shí)代正向我們走來(lái)）和后文強(qiáng)調(diào)隨著時(shí)代發(fā)展人們社會(huì)生活的變化，可知本文主要講新時(shí)代的特征和意義，故C選項(xiàng)“新時(shí)代的特征和意義”正確。A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)與知識(shí)社會(huì)”，B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的服務(wù)業(yè)”和D選項(xiàng)“信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展”都不能完整概括文章主旨。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythehostess’s（）andenjoyedthedinnerpartyverymuch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hostility

B.indignation

C.hospitality

D.humanity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:女主人的熱情好客給我留下了深刻的印象，我非常喜歡這次宴會(huì)。

考查名詞辨析。hostility敵意；戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)行動(dòng)；indignation憤慨；憤怒;義憤;hospitality好客；殷勤；humanity人類(lèi)；人道。由句意“我非常喜歡這次宴會(huì)”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Alotofsmallchildrenoften（

）whyairplanecanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assure

B.wonder

C.anticipate

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。assure意為“向……保證”；wonder意為“想知道，好奇”；anticipate意為“預(yù)料，預(yù)期”；assume意為“假定，認(rèn)為”。

句意：很多小孩經(jīng)常好奇為什么飛機(jī)可以像鳥(niǎo)兒一樣飛行，而我們?nèi)祟?lèi)不行。

4.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

CloningandFinancialCrisisRecently,anearlydecadeoldpaperontheeconomiceffectsofhumancloningbyaFrencheconomicsprofessorhasbeengettingsomeattention.(46)Thepaperarguesthatratherthananarmyoflow-levelclonedworkersorfightersasispredictedinHuxley’sBraveNewWorldorStarWars,cloningwillleadtomoreandmorehigherskilledworkers.That’sbecausethereturnsofcloningpeoplewhocanmakealotofmoneywillbehigherthancloningaverageJoes.Andwhenitcomestocloning,we’reinitforthemoney,justlikeeverythingelse.What’smore,itwillprobablybeonlytherichwhowillbeabletoaffordtoclonethemselvesatthestart.

Theresult,atleastatfirst,willbearapidriseinouralreadydisturbinglevelsofincomeinequality.Cloneswillearnmoreandmoremoney,andthoseofuswhoreproducetheoldfashionwaywilllikelyhavepoorerandpooreroffspring.(47)Recently,BarbaraKiviatwrotetwoessaysonhowincomeinequalitywasamajorcontributortothefinancialcrisis.Soyoudothemath.Ifcloningleadstoincomeinequalityandincomeinequalityleadstofinancialcrises,thenwe’vegotaproblem.Here’swhy:

(48)Oneoftheknocksonfinancialreformisthatitisregulationthroughtherearviewmirror.Lawmakersfocusonstoppingwhatcausedthemostrecentfinancialcrisis.Soafterthetechbubble,newruleswereputintoplacetostopWallStreetfromusinganalyststopushworthlessstocks.ThewayWallStreetdidIPOscameunderscrutiny.AndawholesetofruleswereputinplacetotrytostopaccountingfraudslikeEnron.

(49)Weallknownowthatnoneofthosereformsdidlittletostopthelatestfinancialcrisis,whichwasdrivennotbystocks,butbyhousingprices,laxlendingandunsoundrisktakingbyWallStreet.Sonowweareputtingreformsinplacetoreigninriskybehavioratbanks,andtoregulatethederivativesthatfacilitatebighiddenfinancialbetsandaddconsumerprotectionsthatwilleliminatetheabilitytomakebadloansinthefirstplace.

Allgoodthings.Noneofthatthoughaddressestheobviousrealthingweshouldallbeconcernedaboutwhenitcomestofinancialcrises:HumanCloning.(50)Thepaper,whichwaswrittenbyGillesSaint-Paul,aprofessorattheToulouseSchoolofEconomicsinFrance,hasasurprisingamountofmathforatopicsuchashumancloning,whichtothebestofmyknowledgedoesn’tyetexist.Andithassomeoutthereideas,liketheguessthatsurrogatemothersmightsoonhavesalariesthatmatchWallStreet.Ifclonedbabieshavehigherexpectedincomelevels,thenpeoplewillpaymoreforthemtobemade.Sobirthingacloneequalscha-ching.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.這篇論文認(rèn)為，與赫胥黎在《美麗新世界》或《星球大戰(zhàn)》中預(yù)測(cè)的一群低智商克隆工人或一支戰(zhàn)斗的軍隊(duì)不同，克隆將帶來(lái)越來(lái)越多的高技能熟練工人。

47.最近，芭芭拉?基維亞特寫(xiě)了兩篇文章，論述收入不平等是如何成為金融危機(jī)的主要促成因素。讓我們來(lái)考慮一下。如果克隆導(dǎo)致收入不平等，而收入不平等導(dǎo)致金融危機(jī)，那么我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)。

48.金融改革受到的批評(píng)之一是，這是每次都是通過(guò)“后視鏡”進(jìn)行監(jiān)管。議員們的重點(diǎn)是阻止導(dǎo)致最近金融危機(jī)的原因。因此，在科技泡沫破滅后，新的規(guī)則出臺(tái)以阻止華爾街利用分析師推銷(xiāo)毫無(wú)價(jià)值的股票。

49.我們現(xiàn)在都知道，所有這些改革都對(duì)阻止最新的金融危機(jī)收效甚微。這場(chǎng)危機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素不是股市，而是房?jī)r(jià)、寬松的貸款和華爾街不健全的冒險(xiǎn)行為。

50.由法國(guó)圖盧茲經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院的教授吉勒斯?圣保羅撰寫(xiě)的這篇論文對(duì)克隆人這一課題做了大量研究，據(jù)我所知，克隆人還不存在。

5.單選題

Avirtualanchorite,he（

）tohisself-sufficiency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adheres

B.confirms

C.conforms

D.admonishes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。adhere“堅(jiān)持；依附”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，一般與to構(gòu)成adhereto“堅(jiān)持；粘附”；confirm“確認(rèn)；證實(shí)”，為及物動(dòng)詞；conform“使遵守；使一致”。句意：作為隱士的他堅(jiān)持自給自足。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Hewasextremely（

）bytheillnessofhisdaughter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agitated

B.exploited

C.influenced

D.dominated

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)agitate“使..不安”；B選項(xiàng)exploit“開(kāi)發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)influence“影響”；D選項(xiàng)dominate“控制，支配”。句意：女兒的疾病使他特別焦慮不安。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.that

C.whether

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。doubt后面的that為同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，修飾doubt。doubt引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中，用否定式時(shí)后面的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。相反如果doubt引導(dǎo)肯定意義的主從復(fù)合句中，引導(dǎo)詞要用whether。句意：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，公司對(duì)銷(xiāo)售項(xiàng)目的決定是正確的。

8.單選題

Wehavebeenhearing______accountsofyourwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.favored

B.favorable

C.favorite

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。favored“有利的；收到優(yōu)待的”；favorable“有利的；贊許的”；favorite“最喜愛(ài)的”；favoring“順利的；有幫助的”。句意：我們一直在聽(tīng)……你工作的報(bào)道。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Hemustnotallowthisunusualbarriertostophimfromfightingagainsttheenemy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interior

B.obstacle

C.interruption

D.interference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。barrier“障礙，屏障；界線”；A選項(xiàng)interior“內(nèi)部；內(nèi)飾”；B選項(xiàng)obstacle“障礙，干擾”；C選項(xiàng)interruption“中斷；干擾”；D選項(xiàng)interference“干擾，干涉”。句意：他不能讓這個(gè)不尋常的障礙妨礙他同敵人作戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)句中“stophim阻止他”可知barrier在這里的意思為“障礙”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theteacherofreadingisinvolved,whetherthisisconsciouslyrealizedornot,inthedevelopmentofaliteratesociety.Andeveryteacher,（1）,needstodeterminewhatlevelofliteracyis（2）bysociety,whatroleheorsheshouldtakein（3）thedesiredstandardofliteracy,andwhattheimplicationsofliteracyareinaworldcontext.

TheUnescoreportpresentsaworld（4）ofliteracy.Toooftenwelimitourthoughtstothe（5）smallproportionofilliteratesinourowncountryandfailtoseeitinitsinternational（6）.

Theproblems（7）developingnationsarealsofacingindustrializednations.Literacy,asthereportpointsout,is“inextricablyintertwinedwithotheraspectsofnationaldevelopment”,(and)…nationaldevelopmentasawholeisbound（8）withtheworldcontext.Literacyisnotaby-productofsocialandeconomicaldevelopment—itisa（9）ofthatdevelopment.Literacycanhelppeopletofunctionmoreeffectivelyinachanging（10）andideallywillenabletheindividualtochangetheenvironmentsothatitfunctionsmoreeffectively.

Literacyprogammes（11）indifferentcountrieshavetakenandaretakingdifferent（12）totheproblem:forexampletheinvolvementofvoluntarynon-governmentalorganizations,which（13）theimportanceofseeingliteracynotasaconditionimposedonpeoplebutasaconsequenceofactiveparticipation（14）society.Peoplecanlearnfromtheattemptsofothercountriestoprovideas（15）“l(fā)iteracyenvironment”.

Whoarethe“illiterates”andhowdowedefinethem?Atwhatpointdowedecidethatilliteracyendsandliteracybegins?RobertHillerich（16）thesequestions.Anilliterate,hefinds,“maymeananythingfromonewhohasnoformalschoolingtoonewhohasattendedfouryearsorless,toonewhoisunabletoreadorwriteatthelevelnecessaryto（17）successfullyinhissocialposition.”Literacy,hepointsout,isnotsomethingoneeitherhasorhasnotgot:“Anydefinitionofliteracymustrecognizethisqualityasacontinuum,representingall（18）ofdevelopment.”

Aneducationaldefinition—ermsofgradescompletedorskillsmastered—isshowntobeinadequatein（19）educationallydefinedmasterymaybearonlyminimalrelationtothelanguageproficiencyneededincopingwithenvironmentaldemands.Fromasociological/economicviewpointtheliteracyneedsofindividualsvarygreatly,andanydefinitionmustrecognizetheneedsoftheindividualtoengageeffectivelyandtoact（20）responsibleparticipation.

Suchabroadeneddefinitionexcludesassessmentbasedona“reading-leveltype”;

assessmentmust,rather,beflexibletofitbothpurposeandpopulation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.inaddition

C.however

D.nevertheless

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.asked

B.known

C.demanded

D.obtained

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.achieving

B.getting

C.fulfilling

D.accomplishing

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.opinion

B.idea

C.point

D.view

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.relatively

B.particularly

C.possibly

D.definitely

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.situation

B.context

C.environment

D.atmosphere

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.facing

B.confronting

C.encountering

D.meeting

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.up

D.across

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.component

B.element

C.ingredient

D.factor

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.tendency

B.environment

C.inclination

D.development

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.instituted

B.rooted

C.deprived

D.revealed

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.ways

B.methods

C.approaches

D.means

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.underlines

B.indicates

C.implies

D.understates

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.into

B.within

C.in

D.inside

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.adequate

B.abundant

C.over

D.plenty

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.demands

B.addresses

C.remains

D.maintains

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.perform

B.do

C.participate

D.anticipate

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.extents

B.forms

C.degrees

D.standards

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.such

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.for

C.against

D.with

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查邏輯連詞辨析。therefore因此；inaddition此外；however然而；nevertheless然而，不過(guò)。句子前后構(gòu)成明顯的因果關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析?！癮sked”詢(xún)問(wèn)；“known”了解；“demanded”需求；“obtained”獲得。句意：因此，每一位老師需要決定社會(huì)需要何種水平的讀寫(xiě)能力。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。achieving實(shí)現(xiàn)；getting獲得；fulfilling履行；實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿(mǎn)足；accomplishing完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)；達(dá)到。句意：在完成讀寫(xiě)能力需求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)，他/她需要扮演何種角色。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.

考查名詞辨析。opinion觀點(diǎn)；idea想法；point論點(diǎn)；view景象。句意：聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的報(bào)告呈現(xiàn)出讀寫(xiě)能力的世界景象。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.

考查副詞辨析?！皉elatively”相對(duì)地；“particularly”尤其，特別；“possibly”可能地；“definitely”肯定地。句意：我們常常將我們的想法限制到自己國(guó)家占比相對(duì)較小的文盲身上。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.

考查名詞辨析。situation情況，情形；context背景；environment環(huán)境；atmosphere氛圍。句意：從而不能從整個(gè)國(guó)際大背景中去看待它。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。facing面對(duì)；confronting遭遇；比較；encountering遭遇；偶然相遇；meeting會(huì)面，見(jiàn)面。句意：發(fā)展中國(guó)家面臨的問(wèn)題同樣也是工業(yè)化國(guó)家正面臨的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.

考查固定搭配?！癰eboundupwith”密切相關(guān)；與……緊緊連在一起。句意：從整體上來(lái)看，國(guó)家發(fā)展與世界環(huán)境緊密相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.考查名詞辨析。component組成部分；成分；組件，元件；element元素；要素；原理；ingredient原料；要素；factor因素；要素；句意：讀寫(xiě)能力不是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的附帶品，而是其組成部分。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.

考查名詞辨析?！皌endency”趨勢(shì)；“environment”環(huán)境；“inclination”傾向；“development”發(fā)展。句意：讀寫(xiě)能力能夠幫助人們?cè)谌招略庐惖沫h(huán)境中更加有效地工作。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.

考查固定搭配?！癷nstitutein”在……方面實(shí)行。句意：在不同國(guó)家實(shí)行的讀寫(xiě)能力項(xiàng)目……。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.

考查名詞辨析。ways道路，方式；methods方法，方式；approaches處理方法；means手段。句意：……已經(jīng)采取或者正在采取不同的方法來(lái)解決這一問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析?！皍nderlines”強(qiáng)調(diào)；“indicates”顯示；“implies”暗示，表明；“understates”保守地說(shuō)。句意：它強(qiáng)調(diào)不將讀寫(xiě)能力視為一種給人們的強(qiáng)加條件的重要性。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.

考查介詞辨析。into進(jìn)入；within在……之內(nèi)；in在……里面；inside在里面。句意：而將其視為積極參與社會(huì)的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.

考查形容詞辨析?！癮dequate”適當(dāng)?shù)模弧癮bundant”充足的，大量的；“over”超過(guò)；“plenty”許多的。句意：……適當(dāng)?shù)淖x寫(xiě)環(huán)境。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析?！癲emand”要求；“address”處理；“remain”保持；“maintain”維持。句意：羅伯特處理了這些問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。“perform”表現(xiàn)；“do”做；“participate”參與；“anticipate”預(yù)期。句意：在其社會(huì)地位中成功表現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

18.

考查名詞辨析。extents范圍；forms形式；degrees程度；standards標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。句意：展現(xiàn)出其發(fā)展的所有程度。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

19.

考查關(guān)系詞辨析。inthat既然，因?yàn)椤＿x項(xiàng)A符合句意。

20.

考查介詞辨析。in在……里面；for為了……；against反對(duì)；違反；with和……；“actwith”，以……方式行事。句意：以負(fù)責(zé)任的參與方式行事。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

11.單選題

PeterandDavidhavenotbeenonspeakingtermsrecently.They（）aboutsomething.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldquarrel

B.mightquarrel

C.couldhavequarreled

D.musthavequarreled

【答案】D

【解析】考查推測(cè)。根據(jù)句意：彼得和大衛(wèi)最近關(guān)系不好。他們一定是為了什么事吵架了。表示肯定的推測(cè)用must，選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.單選題

Herushedintothehouseandsavedtheboyout,（）theintensefire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irrespectiveof

B.insteadof

C.infrontof

D.incaseof

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。irrespectiveof不顧；insteadof代替；infrontof在…前面；incaseof假如。句意：他不顧大火,

沖進(jìn)屋里把男孩救了出來(lái)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

III.ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw

TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.TheConstitutionprohibitsnotobjectsbutactions.Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.Everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwithabasicquestionthathasbeenalmostuniversallyoverlooked.Thefundamentalquestion,fromwhichallelsefollows,isthewhoquestion:whohasviolatedtheConstitution?

Asjudicialreviewispracticedtoday,courtsskipoverthisbedrockquestiontogettothemorefamiliarquestion:howwastheConstitutionviolated?Butitmakesnosensetoaskhow,untilthereisananswertowho.Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.

Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.Thewordsformclausesandtakeongrammaticalfunctionswithinthoseclauses.Withintheirclauses,thesewordsbecomesubjects,verbs,objects.Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.Grammaticalimprecisioncancause—andhascaused—deepanalyticalanddoctrinalconfusion.Butcarefulattentiontoconstitutionalgrammarcanreveal—andwillreveal—nothinglessthantheconstitutionalstructureofjudicialreview.

Confusionaboutthewho(and,relatedly,thewhen)ofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofmanyofthedeepestpuzzlesoffederaljurisdiction—puzzlesofripeness,ofstanding,ofseverability,of“facial”and“as-applied”challenges.Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.

Andastheyaresolved,itbecomesclearthatthisapproachconstitutesanewmodelofjudicialreview.AccordingtoHarvardLawProfessorRichardFallon,federalcourtsscholarshavebeendoingmuchthesamethingsincetheoriginalpublicationofTheFederalCourtsandtheFederalSystemin1953—“askingmuchthesamequestionsformulatedbyHenryHartandHerbertWechsler…andtryingtoanswerthemwithroughlythesametechniques.”

59.Whydoestheauthorthinkthereremainsadeepconfusionaboutwhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview?

60.Theunderlinedphrase“asrevealingas”inthe3ndparagraphmeans___.

61.Theauthorthinksthattheconfusionaboutthewhoofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofthefollowingpuzzlesexcept___.

62.Readingtheparagraphs,onecantellthattheauthor___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Judicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects.

B.Judicialreviewisthereviewofactions.

C.Verbsrequiresubjects.

D.Thejudicialreviewfocusesobjects,whereitshouldbeginwithsubjects.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.equallyimportant

B.informingsamebackground

C.asinformativeas

D.grammaticalrelationshipamongthewords

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thewordsofastatute

B.whetherthefactsofacasehavedevelopedsufficientlytopermitausefuldecisiontobemade

C.aparty’srighttomakealegalclaim

D.whethertoinvalidatethewholecontractoronlytheoffendingwords

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thinksthatMarburyv.MadisonwasthefirstcaseofjudicialreviewintheUS

B.disagreeswiththecourts’previouspracticeofjudicialreview

C.thinksthatequallytextualstructureisequallyimportantaswordsinjudicialreview

D.thinksthatthepuzzlesoffederaljurisdictionmaybesolvedonceandforall

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，司法審查是對(duì)某些法律對(duì)象的審查：法規(guī)，規(guī)章。但嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)，這并不完全正確。）可知A選項(xiàng)“司法審查是對(duì)某些法律客體的審查”并不是作者認(rèn)為法院在進(jìn)行司法審查時(shí)，對(duì)審查的內(nèi)容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因；第一段Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.（司法審查就是對(duì)這種行為的審查。行動(dòng)需要參與者：行動(dòng)需要主語(yǔ)。所以在司法審查把重點(diǎn)放在行動(dòng)上，更不用說(shuō)客體，應(yīng)該從主體開(kāi)始）可知D選項(xiàng)“司法審查以客體為中心，應(yīng)以主體為起點(diǎn)”和原文不符，作者認(rèn)為是以“行為”為中心，排除，以及C選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作需要主語(yǔ)”并不是在進(jìn)行司法審查時(shí)，對(duì)審查的內(nèi)容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因，排除；同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“司法審查是對(duì)行為的審查”符合題意，作者認(rèn)為目前存在的困惑是司法審查應(yīng)該先審查行為，而不是審查某些法律課題，但是傳統(tǒng)司法審查所做的內(nèi)容與之相悖，所以產(chǎn)生了困惑。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子處Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.（這些詞之間的語(yǔ)法關(guān)系可能就像這些詞本身一樣具有啟示意義。）可知本句中asrevealingas表示“啟示意義”，選C選項(xiàng)“提供有用信息”；A選項(xiàng)“同樣重要”，B選項(xiàng)“告知相同的背景”以及D選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)法關(guān)系”不符合原文的語(yǔ)境，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干問(wèn)：筆者認(rèn)為，除了___之外，對(duì)違憲主體的困惑是造成以下困惑的根本原因。結(jié)合原文第二段最后一句Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.（事實(shí)上，在無(wú)數(shù)雜亂無(wú)章的學(xué)說(shuō)中，對(duì)違憲謂詞的困惑直接源于對(duì)主體更基本的困惑）第三段第一句Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（這種基本的混亂，就像法律中的大多數(shù)混亂一樣，源于對(duì)文本的關(guān)注不夠）可知是對(duì)于文本關(guān)注不夠，導(dǎo)致了對(duì)主體更基本的困惑。因此對(duì)于文字的困惑并不是對(duì)違憲主體的困惑所造成的，而是文字的困惑造成了對(duì)違憲主體的困惑，則A選項(xiàng)“法令的文字”并不是對(duì)違憲主體的困惑所造成的；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)案件的事實(shí)是否已經(jīng)發(fā)展到足以做出有用的決定”，C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)事人提出法律要求的權(quán)利”以及D選項(xiàng)“是使整個(gè)合同無(wú)效還是僅僅使冒犯的文字無(wú)效”在原文中并未涉及，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（當(dāng)然，單個(gè)單詞很重要，但同樣重要的是文本結(jié)構(gòu)）可知作者認(rèn)為同等的文本結(jié)構(gòu)與詞語(yǔ)同等重要，選C選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為在司法審查中，同等的文本結(jié)構(gòu)與詞語(yǔ)同等重要”；第一段第一句TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.（Marburyv.Madison案已經(jīng)過(guò)去兩個(gè)世紀(jì)了，人們對(duì)法院在進(jìn)行司法審查時(shí)究竟在審查什么仍有很深的困惑。）無(wú)法推斷出A選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為馬布里訴麥迪遜案是美國(guó)第一個(gè)司法審查的案件”，排除；第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，司法審查是對(duì)某些法律對(duì)象的審查：法規(guī)，規(guī)章。但嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)，這并不完全正確。）可知作者是認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)并不正確，而不是不同意法院以前司法審查的做法，B選項(xiàng)“不同意法院以前司法審查的做法”排除；倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.（只要關(guān)注這一重要的憲法特征，即憲法的主體，這些困惑就可以一勞永逸地得到解決）可知作者認(rèn)為只要關(guān)注憲法的主體，聯(lián)邦聯(lián)邦管轄權(quán)的困惑就可以一勞永逸地得到解決，不能簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為聯(lián)邦管轄權(quán)的難題可以一勞永逸地解決”，太過(guò)片面，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Thegovernmentgaveavery（

）explanationofitsplanforeconomicdevelopment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comprehensive

B.compound

C.considerable

D.complacent

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。comprehensive綜合的，全面的；compound混合的；considerable重要的，相當(dāng)大的；complacent滿(mǎn)足的。句意：政府對(duì)其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃作了非常全面的解釋。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Notuntilshoutedatthetopofmyvoice（）hishead.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatheturned

B.didheturn

C.hedidn’tturn

D.hehadturned

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句的用法。Notuntil放在句首時(shí)使用部分倒裝——主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Iwasaboutto（

）amatchwhenIrememberedTom’swarning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rub

B.hit

C.scrape

D.strike

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。rub摩擦；hit打擊，碰撞；scrape刮擦；strike撞擊，打，擦。strikeamatch為固定搭配，表示“劃火柴”。

句意：我正要?jiǎng)澔鸩駮r(shí)想起了湯姆的警告。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

17.單選題

Corporationsandlaborunionshave（

）greatbenefitsupontheiremployeesandmembersaswellasuponthegeneralpublic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conferred

B.granted

C.flung

D.submitted

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:公司和工會(huì)已經(jīng)給它們的員工、會(huì)員以及大眾了許多的福利。

confer:授予（稱(chēng)號(hào)、學(xué)位、權(quán)力等），賦予;grant:同意，承認(rèn)，準(zhǔn)予;flungifling的過(guò)去分詞，揮動(dòng)，猛沖;submit提交，服從，呈遞。

18.單選題

Beforeyoucanstartabusiness,youwillhavetoraisethenecessary（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.investment

B.savings

C.income

D.capital

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。investment投資；savings儲(chǔ)蓄，存款；income收入；capital資本。句意：在你開(kāi)始做生意之前，你必須籌集必要的資金。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

19.單選題

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm（

）afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。revive“復(fù)興；蘇醒”；persist“堅(jiān)持”；intensify“增強(qiáng)，變激烈”；flag“減退”。句意：幾個(gè)月后，盡管Johnson和Smith對(duì)律師事務(wù)所中那些運(yùn)用手段圖謀權(quán)力的人的最初著迷減退了，但是這兩個(gè)人對(duì)于確定誰(shuí)應(yīng)該是他們的午餐伙伴的問(wèn)題上非常重視。由Although和initialfascination可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與initialfascination形成對(duì)比，故D項(xiàng)“減退”正確。

20.單選題

Thewordconservationhasathrifty（節(jié)儉）meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathathumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere“l(fā)imitless”and“inexhaustible”.Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.

Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbebroughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands,soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblems;nobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termsclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword“conservation”hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.

Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservationshould,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone’sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertable（水位）inthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatersheds（上游源頭森林地帶集水區(qū)）needtotheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofc