虛擬語氣匯總課件

虛擬語氣1）概念

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)假設(shè)，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。2）虛擬語氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用

條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。真實(shí)條件句提出的假設(shè)完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)，用陳述語氣；非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣1）概念

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想

虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的應(yīng)用虛擬語氣1.對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：表示現(xiàn)在實(shí)際上并不存在的情況If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式（be的過去式用were）,主語+should(would/could/might)+ve.g.IfChairmanMaowerealive,howhappyhewouldbetoseethegreatachievementsofChina!Ifallofyoustoodontheplatform,itwouldcollapse.Translate:

如果人們開車開慢點(diǎn)，就不會(huì)有這么多交通事故。Ifpeopledrovemoreslowly,therewouldn'tbesomanyaccidents.1.對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：表示現(xiàn)在實(shí)際上并不存在If+主語2.對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)：表示過去與事實(shí)相反的事情If+主語+had+過去分詞,主語+should(would/could/might)+have+過去分詞e.g.Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexam.Translate:

如果你沒有開著窗睡覺的話，你就不會(huì)感冒了。Ifyouhadn’tsleptwiththewindowopen,youwouldn’thavecaughtacold.2.對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)：表示過去與事實(shí)相反的事情If+主3.對(duì)將來情況的假設(shè)：表示將來實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性不大的情況If+subject+動(dòng)詞過去式（be的過去式用were）/should+v/wereto+v,subject+should(would/could/might)+ve.g.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.IfIweretogotothemoonsomeday,Icouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyes.

Translate:

如果明天太陽不會(huì)升起來，我們?cè)撛趺崔k？Ifthesunwerenottorisetomorrow,whatshouldwedo?3.對(duì)將來情況的假設(shè)：表示將來實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性不大的If+suNote:1.If

it(be)notfor…是常見的虛擬條件的句型，意思是“要不是…”，相當(dāng)于butfor/withoutIfitwerenotfortheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.Note:1.Ifit(be)notfor…是常見2.連詞if的省略在正式文體中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將were,had,should等動(dòng)詞（不包括實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）提到主語前面去。Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.=

Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.

=

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.2.連詞if的省略在正式文體中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件句中的連3.含蓄條件句假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句來表示，而是隱含在一個(gè)有介詞without,butfor,butthat等引導(dǎo)的短語中，或有連詞but,副詞otherwise,以及比較級(jí)等表示的上下文中1.Withoutelectricty,therewouldbenomodernindustry.2.Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.3.Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.4.Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’mbusynow.5.Amorecarefulpersonwouldn’thavemadesomanymistakes.3.含蓄條件句假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句來表示，而是隱含4.“should+v”的用法這一部分主要是有關(guān)堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求等的相關(guān)從句，包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句以及以之相關(guān)的形式主語賓語之類的從句。這一部分的詞主要有常見的動(dòng)詞有insist（堅(jiān)持），order,command，decree（命令）,suggest,advise,recommend,prefer,propose,move,vote（建議）,ask,require,demand,request,urge（要求），以及相關(guān)名詞等等。4.“should+v”的用法這一部分主要是有關(guān)堅(jiān)持、命令e.g.Thegeneralordered(that)allthesoldiers(should)leave.Hegivesordersthatthesoldiers(should)leave.e.g.HegivesordersthatthesNote:suggest,insist等有雙重含義動(dòng)詞insist后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別是：若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣；若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣。比較：HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他堅(jiān)持說我看過他的信。HeinsistedthatIshouldreadhisletter.他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信。Note:suggest,insist等有雙重含義動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞insist相似，動(dòng)詞suggest后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別也是：若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的情況尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣，此時(shí)suggest通常譯為“建議”；若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的情況為既成事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣，此時(shí)的suggest通常譯為“表明”、“認(rèn)為”。比較并體會(huì)：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasacheat.他說的話表明他是個(gè)騙子。與動(dòng)詞insist相似，動(dòng)詞suggest后接賓語從句時(shí)，除主語從句的虛擬語氣主要體現(xiàn)在It做形式主語的2種情況：1.

It’s+adj.+that…常用的形容詞advisable,appropriate,desirable,demanded,essential,fitting,,insistent,important,imperative,impossible,necessary,vital,obligatory,ordered,proper,preferable,required,urgent等，2.It’s+n.+that…常用的名詞decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution,duty,pity,nosurprise,nowonder,shame,regret等。主語從句的虛擬語氣主要體現(xiàn)在It做形式主語的2種情況：1.It’sdemandedthatallthestudentsshouldgototheplayground.It’sapitythatyoushouldrefusetheinvitation.It’sdemandedthatallthestu5.虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運(yùn)用Ⅰ.wouldrather,It’stime…,forfearthat…II.wish+clause;asif/though+clause;Ifonly5.虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運(yùn)用Ⅰ.wouldrathewould

rather在使用時(shí)要注意它的不同用法。因?yàn)楸旧韜ould

rather可以直接接動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成would

rather

do

sth.

(than

do

sth.else);

或者would

do

sth.

rather

than

do

sth.else.而虛擬語氣的would

rather

是這樣使用的would

rather

sb.

did(對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼募僭O(shè))/

had

done(對(duì)過去的假設(shè))

I

would

rather

he

didn’t

go

now.

They

would

rather

they

hadn’t

attended

the

party.

would

ratherIt’s(about)(high)time(that)….從句中常用過去式(或用shoulddo,should不可省),含建議的意思。漢語的意思為“是該做…的時(shí)候了”，也等于It’stimeforsb.todosth.It’shightime(that)wewenthome.It’shightime(that)weshouldgohome.It’shightimeforustogohome.It’s(about)(high)time(that由lest（以免；免得），incase（以防）和forfearthat（生怕，唯恐）引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，用“should+動(dòng)詞原形其謂語部分should可以省略。IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatI(should)disturbyou.由lest（以免；免得），incase（以防）和forwish

后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，按“后退一步法”處理從句的謂語動(dòng)詞。后退一步法是指在準(zhǔn)確地判斷了該句虛擬的是哪一時(shí)間段后，按時(shí)間順序后退一步處理從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。II.虛擬語氣在wish從句中的應(yīng)用wish

后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，按“后退一步法”處理從句1)從句動(dòng)作與謂語wish同時(shí)存在的情況：

wishthat+subject+v-edIwishIwereasyoungasyou.Translate:我希望他知道這個(gè)答案。Iwishthatheknewtheanswer.1)從句動(dòng)作與謂語wish同時(shí)存在的情況：wishth2)從句動(dòng)作先于謂語wish存在的情況：wishthat+subject+had+p.p.Iwishthathehadnotmadesomanymistakes.Translate:但愿他們那天沒有遲到。Iwishthattheyhadnotbeenlatethatday.2)從句動(dòng)作先于謂語wish存在的情況：wishthat3)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生謂語wish之后的情況wishthat+subject+would/could/should/might+vIwishthattherainwouldstop.Translate:要是你能來就好了。Iwishthatyoucouldcome.3)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生謂語wish之后的情況wishthat+ifonly(要是…就好了)，asif/asthough（好像，似乎）,用虛擬語氣，其用法與wish相同Ifonlyhecouldcome!Ifonlyyouhadn’toffendedhim!Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.ifonly(要是…就好了)，asif/astho虛擬語氣匯總課件虛擬語氣1）概念

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)假設(shè)，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。2）虛擬語氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用

條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。真實(shí)條件句提出的假設(shè)完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)，用陳述語氣；非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣1）概念

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想

虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的應(yīng)用虛擬語氣1.對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：表示現(xiàn)在實(shí)際上并不存在的情況If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式（be的過去式用were）,主語+should(would/could/might)+ve.g.IfChairmanMaowerealive,howhappyhewouldbetoseethegreatachievementsofChina!Ifallofyoustoodontheplatform,itwouldcollapse.Translate:

如果人們開車開慢點(diǎn)，就不會(huì)有這么多交通事故。Ifpeopledrovemoreslowly,therewouldn'tbesomanyaccidents.1.對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)：表示現(xiàn)在實(shí)際上并不存在If+主語2.對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)：表示過去與事實(shí)相反的事情If+主語+had+過去分詞,主語+should(would/could/might)+have+過去分詞e.g.Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexam.Translate:

如果你沒有開著窗睡覺的話，你就不會(huì)感冒了。Ifyouhadn’tsleptwiththewindowopen,youwouldn’thavecaughtacold.2.對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)：表示過去與事實(shí)相反的事情If+主3.對(duì)將來情況的假設(shè)：表示將來實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性不大的情況If+subject+動(dòng)詞過去式（be的過去式用were）/should+v/wereto+v,subject+should(would/could/might)+ve.g.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.IfIweretogotothemoonsomeday,Icouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyes.

Translate:

如果明天太陽不會(huì)升起來，我們?cè)撛趺崔k？Ifthesunwerenottorisetomorrow,whatshouldwedo?3.對(duì)將來情況的假設(shè)：表示將來實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性不大的If+suNote:1.If

it(be)notfor…是常見的虛擬條件的句型，意思是“要不是…”，相當(dāng)于butfor/withoutIfitwerenotfortheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.Note:1.Ifit(be)notfor…是常見2.連詞if的省略在正式文體中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將were,had,should等動(dòng)詞（不包括實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）提到主語前面去。Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.=

Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.

=

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.2.連詞if的省略在正式文體中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件句中的連3.含蓄條件句假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句來表示，而是隱含在一個(gè)有介詞without,butfor,butthat等引導(dǎo)的短語中，或有連詞but,副詞otherwise,以及比較級(jí)等表示的上下文中1.Withoutelectricty,therewouldbenomodernindustry.2.Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.3.Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.4.Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’mbusynow.5.Amorecarefulpersonwouldn’thavemadesomanymistakes.3.含蓄條件句假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句來表示，而是隱含4.“should+v”的用法這一部分主要是有關(guān)堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求等的相關(guān)從句，包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句以及以之相關(guān)的形式主語賓語之類的從句。這一部分的詞主要有常見的動(dòng)詞有insist（堅(jiān)持），order,command，decree（命令）,suggest,advise,recommend,prefer,propose,move,vote（建議）,ask,require,demand,request,urge（要求），以及相關(guān)名詞等等。4.“should+v”的用法這一部分主要是有關(guān)堅(jiān)持、命令e.g.Thegeneralordered(that)allthesoldiers(should)leave.Hegivesordersthatthesoldiers(should)leave.e.g.HegivesordersthatthesNote:suggest,insist等有雙重含義動(dòng)詞insist后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別是：若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣；若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣。比較：HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他堅(jiān)持說我看過他的信。HeinsistedthatIshouldreadhisletter.他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信。Note:suggest,insist等有雙重含義動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞insist相似，動(dòng)詞suggest后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別也是：若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的情況尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣，此時(shí)suggest通常譯為“建議”；若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的情況為既成事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣，此時(shí)的suggest通常譯為“表明”、“認(rèn)為”。比較并體會(huì)：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasacheat.他說的話表明他是個(gè)騙子。與動(dòng)詞insist相似，動(dòng)詞suggest后接賓語從句時(shí)，除主語從句的虛擬語氣主要體現(xiàn)在It做形式主語的2種情況：1.

It’s+adj.+that…常用的形容詞advisable,appropriate,desirable,demanded,essential,fitting,,insistent,important,imperative,impossible,necessary,vital,obligatory,ordered,proper,preferable,required,urgent等，2.It’s+n.+that…常用的名詞decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution,duty,pity,nosurprise,nowonder,shame,regret等。主語從句的虛擬語氣主要體現(xiàn)在It做形式主語的2種情況：1.It’sdemandedthatallthestudentsshouldgototheplayground.It’sapitythatyoushouldrefusetheinvitation.It’sdemandedthatallthestu5.虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運(yùn)用Ⅰ.wouldrather,It’stime…,forfearthat…II.wish+clause;asif/though+clause;Ifonly5.虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運(yùn)用Ⅰ.wouldrathewould

rather在使用時(shí)要注意它的不同用法。因?yàn)楸旧韜ould

rather可以直接接動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成would

rather

do

sth.

(than

do

sth.else);

或者would

do

sth.

rather

than

do

sth.else.而虛擬語氣的would

rather

是這樣使用的would

rather

sb.

did(對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼募僭O(shè))/

had

done(對(duì)過去的假設(shè))

I

would

rather

he

didn’t

go

now.

They

would

rather

they

hadn’t

attended

the

party.

would

ratherIt’s(about)(high)time(that)….從句中常用過去式(或用shoulddo,should不可省),含建議的意思。漢語的意思為“是該做…的時(shí)候了”，也等于It’stimeforsb.todosth.It’shightime(that)wewenthome.It’