考研英語閱讀理解A節(jié)(傳統(tǒng)題型)分類精講商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)類分類模擬(二)

考研英語閱讀理解A節(jié)（傳統(tǒng)題型）分類精講商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)類分類模擬（二）ReadingComprehensionHowcananorganization'ssalesoperationbeimproved?Oneofthekeystobecomingmoreeffectiveistofirstdeterminethetypeof"sellingprocess"whichneedstobeused.Inotherwords,therolethesalespersonmustplayhastobeidentified.Therearethreedifferentprocessessalesstaffcanadopt:narrative,suggestiveandconsultative.Thenarrativeapproachdependsonthesalespersonmovingquicklyintoastandardizedpresentation.Everybuyerreceivesthesamepresentation.Emphasisisonhighlightingbenefitsandhowtheproductorservicecanhelpthebuyer.Thisisaneffectiveapproachifthebuyingmotiveforallcustomersisbasicallythesame.Thisprocessiswellsuitedwherethereareagreatnumberofprospectstobecalledon.Thesuggestiveapproachdependsonthesellerbeinginapositiontoofferalternativerecommendations.Thisisquitedifferentfromthenarrativeapproachasthepresentationistailoredtotheindividualcustomer.Here,thesalespersonmustinitiatesomediscussioninordertogetthebuyerinapositiveflameofmind.Anexampleofthisprocesswouldbearestaurantwinestewardwhohascheckedwiththewaiterwhatfoodthecustomerhasorderedandthenopensbysayingthateither"thisorthat"particularwinewouldgobestwiththefoodordered.Thisisanexcellentapproachwhereonedoesn'thavemuchtimewiththecustomerbutisabletoacquiresomebasicinformationandthenofferaparticularrecommendation.Thisprocessiswellsuitedforproductsandservices.However,itdoesrequirethesalespersontoacquirebasicinformationfromthecustomerbeforemovingontothepresentation.Theconsultativeapproachrequiresthesalespersontohaveathoroughunderstandingofthecustomerandwhatthecustomeristryingtoachieve.Theroleofthesalespersonistobecomeanadviserorconsultantandhemustacquireagreatdealofinformationfromthecustomer.Withthisinformationthesalespersoncanplanwhattoofferthecustomer.Inthiscase,thesalespersonmusttailorthepresentationtohighlighthowthesalesperson'sproductorservicecanbeofhelp.Thisapproachwillusuallyrequireanumberofsalescallsasthebuyingprocessmaybecomplex.Theconsultativeapproachrequiresawidevarietyofskills,includingprobing,listening,analysis,creativityandpersuasiveness.Theothertwoapproachestypicallyrequirefewerskills.Hiring,training,motivatingandrewardingsalespeopleneedtobelinkedtothetypeofsalesprocessbeingusedandthisiswheretheproblemstarts.Manyorganizationswhichshouldbeusingaconsultativeapproachuseanarrativeapproach.Theyusestandardizedmethodsanddonottailorpresentationstoindividualcustomers.Youseethisinmanyindustries.Whenthisisthecase,pricebecomesakeycriterionforthecustomer.Akeyissueindevelopingaprofessionalsalesorganizationisinfirstestablishingthesalesprocess.Whenthatdecisionhasbeenmade,allothersalesdecisions,includinghiring,trainingandrewardscanbelinkedtoit.1.Howwouldyoudescribethewriter'sstyle?Persuasive.Critical.Personal.□.Argumentative.答案：A［解答］推斷題。通讀全文可知,文章介紹了三種不同的銷售模式,并建議公司培訓(xùn)和鼓勵員工根據(jù)具體情況使用相應(yīng)的銷售模式以達(dá)到最好的效果。由此可知,作者的風(fēng)格是說服性的,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。Inparagraph4themainpointistoprovideanexampleofthesuggestiveapproach.describetheadvantagesofthesuggestiveapproach.assessthesuggestiveapproach.□.comparethesuggestiveandthenarrativeapproaches.答案：C［解答］推斷題。文章第五段指出了啟發(fā)式銷售的適用條件,同時(shí)說明了該銷售模式對銷售人員的要求。因此,本段主要是就啟發(fā)式銷售模式進(jìn)行評估,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)判斷,應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。Accordingtothepassagewhichoftheapproachesisthemostcomplicated?Thenarrativeapproach.Thesuggestiveapproach.Nosignificantdifference.Theconsultativeapproach.答案：D［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第六段指出,咨詢式銷售要求銷售人員全面了解顧客及其所需,第七段還提到,該銷售模式需要廣泛的技巧,包括傾聽、分析、勸說等,而表達(dá)式方法要求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化陳述：啟發(fā)式方法需要的是對顧客基本信息的了解,可知后兩種方法所需的技巧較少,由此推斷,三種銷售模式中最復(fù)雜的應(yīng)該是咨詢式銷售,應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。Accordingtothewriter,toomanyorganizationsarecontentwithaconsultativeapproach.arecontentwithanarrativeapproach.adapttheirsalespresentationsunnecessarily.arecontentwithindividualapproachestoindividualcompanies.答案：B［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到,許多本應(yīng)運(yùn)用咨詢式銷售模式的公司使用的是表達(dá)式銷售模式。由此推斷,很多公司都沒有運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)匿N售模式,而是滿足于使用表達(dá)式銷售模式,應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。Accordingtothetext,thewriterisprobablyanacademic.ajournalist.aprofessionalwriter.abusinessman.答案：D［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。通讀全文可知,作者對銷售行業(yè)和銷售模式都非常熟悉,由此推斷,作者很可能是一位商人,應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。其他三種人（學(xué)術(shù)界人士、新聞記者、專業(yè)作家）與本文不符。Theoutcryoverinternetfirms,habitofsurreptitiouslytrackingwebsurfers,activitieshasclearlyresonatedinsidetheWhiteHouse.TheObamaadministrationannouncedthatitintendstoworkwithCongresstoproduce"aprivacybillofrights"givingAmericanconsumersgreatercontroloverhowtheirinformationiscollectedandusedbydigitalmarketers.Thosewhohavebeenlobbyingforchangeagreewith,butareunsympatheticto,internetfirms'worriesthatsuchalawcoulddenttheiradvertising-drivenbusinessmodels,whichrelyontrackingandtargetingconsumerstomaximizerevenues."ThisisdimmingtheprospectsofGoogle,Facebookandotherdigitaladcompanies,"saysJeffreyChesteroftheCentreforDigitalDemocracy.Quitehowdarkthingsgetforthemwilldependonthedetailsofthebill.Itwillseektolaydownthebasicprinciplesofinternetprivacyrights,broadlyfollowingrecommendationspublishedlastDecemberbytheDepartmentofCommerce.Thedepartment'sreportsaidconsumersshouldbetoldmoreaboutwhydataarebeingcollectedaboutthemandhowtheyareused;anditcalledforstricterlimitsonwhatcompaniescandowithinformationtheycollect.WhateverlegislationfinallyemergesislikelytogiveabroaderroletotheFederalTradeCommission(FTC),whichwillalmostcertainlybechargedwithdecidinghowthoseprinciplesaretranslatedintopracticeandwithpolicingtheirimplementation.Amongotherthings,theFTCisknowntobekeenonaformal"donottrack"system,whichwouldallowuserstoblockcertainsitesfrommonitoringtheironlineactivities.Keentoavoidthis,theonline-advertisingindustryhasbeenworkingovertimetoconvincepolicymakersthatitcanpoliceitselfusingsystemssuchasiconsonwebpagesthatshowsurferswhentheyarebeingtracked.Anditistellinganyonewhowilllistenthatconsumerswillsufferiftoughdo-not-trackruleshitadrevenues,forcingwebfirmstochargeformorecontent.WithMr.Obamathrowinghisweightbehindinternetprivacy,thisrearguardactionislesslikelytobesuccessful.Someadfirmshavestartedtalkingofcreatingado-not-tracksystemoftheirownthatwouldlimitthedamagetotheirdigitalactivities.Althoughallthismaydenttheirrevenues,America'sinternetgiantscouldalsobenefitfromthelegislationifithelpsthemintheirdealingswiththeEuropeanUnion.TheEU'salreadyfairlystrictrulesonprivacy—whichitconsidersafundamentalhumanright—arebeingtightenedfurther.Thetime-consumingandexpensivelegalhoopstheEUmakesAmericaninternetfirmsjumpthrough,tobeallowedtohandleEuropeans'onlinedata,willbecomemoredemanding.Ifbypassingitsownonline-privacy"billofrights",AmericacanconvincetheEUtoeasethislegalburden,thenitwillbeanimportantwinforAmericancompanies,saysJoelReidenberg,aprofessoratFordhamUniversity'slawschool.Google,Facebookandotherswillnodoubtbetracking一bothonlineandoffline一theprogressofEU-Americantalksonthismatterveryclosely.6.Theprivacyhillofrightsismeanttoclampdownwebsurfers'sdishonestbehaviours.restrictinternetfirms,controloverinformation.giveAmericangovernmentcontroloverinformation.easethetensionbetweendigitalmarketsandwebusers.答案：B［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段。網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司偷偷跟蹤用戶上網(wǎng)活動的行為招致公眾抗議,弓［起白宮反對,使得奧巴馬政府意欲同國會合作出臺“隱私權(quán)利法案〞,以賦予網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶更大的信息控制權(quán)。由此可知,該法案旨在抑制網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司對信息的控制權(quán)。B項(xiàng)符合題意。Whatisthebiggestconcernofinternetfirmswiththeprivacybill?downsizingadrevenues.decreasingdigitaldata.ever-growinguserbase.□.increasinglydemandingusers.答案：A［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段。第二段開始指出了網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司對“權(quán)利法案〞的擔(dān)憂：削弱其廣告驅(qū)動商業(yè)模式。也就是說,網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司擔(dān)心“權(quán)利法案''會損害其廣告收益,所以A項(xiàng)正確。B、C、D項(xiàng)均利用文中提及的對象user,data設(shè)置干擾,但在文中找不到依據(jù),故排除。What'stheresponseoftheonline-advertisingindustrytowardstheformal"donottracksystem"?Agentlepersuasion.Astiffresistance.Aforcedsurrender.Acombinationoftoughandsoft.答案：D［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段。網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司為了避免官方“不跟蹤〞機(jī)制的真正實(shí)施而做出的舉動有：一是竭盡全力說服決策者相信自己具備自我監(jiān)督能力：二是威脅說“不跟蹤〞機(jī)制最終殃及網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶；三是（見美國政府發(fā)力后,便妥協(xié),開始）打造自己的“不跟蹤''機(jī)制。由此可知,在線廣告行業(yè)的反應(yīng)是“軟硬兼施〞,故D項(xiàng)正確。TheauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheprivacybillcouldbeharmfultoEuropeans'privacyrights.bedesirableforAmericaninternetfirms.behelpfulwiththeEU-Americanrelationship.bequestionableindealingwithprivacyproblems.答案：B［解答］推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段。首句指出,雖然權(quán)利法案有損美國網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司收益,但是它們也能從中受益,故B項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第四句“如果該法案獲得通過。美國將有可能說服歐盟減輕這種法律負(fù)擔(dān)〞,可推出該法案會損害歐洲民眾的隱私權(quán)利。但文中并未提及歐洲民眾的隱私權(quán)利會受到損害,故排除A項(xiàng)。該段只提及兩方就網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)隱私方面的談判情況,并未談及歐盟與美國之間的關(guān)系,故排除C項(xiàng)。“隱私問題的解決〞在段中未涉及,可排除D項(xiàng)。Accordingtothetext,whowillmostfancytheprivacybill?EU.FTC.Webconsumers.TheCentreforDigitalDemocracy.答案：C［解答］推斷題。首段開門見山指出公眾強(qiáng)烈抗議網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司偷窺并跟蹤自己上網(wǎng)這一事件,而“隱私權(quán)利法案〞出臺則能給予用戶更多控制權(quán),以限制網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司收集、使用自己信息的方式。這樣利于網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶很好地保護(hù)自身個(gè)人隱私。所以網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶是該法案的最終受益者,C項(xiàng)正確。JustrecentlythetrusteesofSocialSecurityandMedicareissuedtheirannualreportsontheprograms'futures.Here'sonestartlingfact:By2030theprojectedcostsofSocialSecurityandMedicarecouldeasilyconsume一viahighertaxes一athirdofworkers'futurewageandsalaryincreases.We'remortgagingworkers'futurepaygainsforbabyboomers'retirementbenefits.ThismattersbecauseSocialSecurityandMedicarearepay-as-you-goprograms.Currenttaxpayerspaycurrentbenefits.Futuretaxpayerswillpayfuturebenefits.Babyboomers'retirementbenefitswillcomemostlyfromtheirchildrenandgrandchildren,whowillbetomorrow'sworkers.Consequently,babyboomers'childrenandgrandchildrenfacemassivetaxincreases.SocialSecurityandMedicarespendingnowequals14percentofwageandsalaryincome,reportsElizabethBell,aresearchassistanttoEugeneSteuerleoftheUrbanInstitute,Washington,D.C..Ofcourse,payrolltaxesdon'tcoverallthecostsofSocialSecurityandMedicare.Still,thesefiguresprovideacrudeindicatoroftheeconomicburden,becausecostsareimposedheavilyonworkersviasometax,governmentborrowingandcutsinothergovernmentprograms.Itcanbearguedthatthecostsarebearable.Thewagegainsinthetrustees'reportscouldprovetoopessimistic.Likeallforecasts,they'resubjecttoerrors.Eveniftheycometrue,theyassumethattomorrow'swageswillbehigherthantoday's.Productivityincreases;wagesrise.In2030,underthetrustees'"intermediate"assumptions,workers'before-taxincomeswouldbeaboutathirdhigherthannow,saysTomSavingofTexasA&MUniversity.What'sthecomplaintifworkerslost一throughsteepertaxes一someofthat?Whyshouldn'ttheygenerouslysupportparentsandgrandparents?Well,maybetheywill.Butthereareatleasttwopossibleflawsinthislogic.Thefirstisthat,onayear-to-yearbasis,wagegainswouldbetiny—lessthan1percent.Whenthey'vegottenthatlowbefore,peoplehavecomplainedthatthey're"onatreadmill"andthattheAmericandreamhasbeenwithdrawn.Eventhesegainsmightbedilutedbyfurthertaxincreasestotrimtoday'salreadyswollenbudgetdeficits.Thesecondandmoreseriousthreatisthathighertaxeswouldharmtheeconomy.Theymightdulleconomicvitalitybyreducinginvestmentandtherewardsforworkandrisk-taking.Productivityandwagegainsmightbesmallerthanpredicted.Thenwe'dflirtwiththatdeathspiral:We'dneedstillhighertaxestopaybenefits,butthosetaxesmightdepresseconomicgrowthmore.Onewayoranother,workersmaygetfedupwithpayingsomuchoftheirpaycheckstosupportretirees,manyofwhomwerelivingquitecomfortably.Soweoughttoredefinethegenerationalcompacttolightentheburdenofanagingpopulationonworkers.Theneededstepsareclear:toacknowledgelongerlifeexpectanciesbyslowlyraisingeligibilityagesforSocialSecurityandMedicare;tolimitfuturespendingbycurbingretirementbenefitsforthebetter-off;tokeeppeopleintheproductiveeconomylongerbyencouragingjobsthatmix"work"and"retirement".11.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphprobablyimply?Youngpeoplesavefromtheirsalariesnowtopayforretirementlater.Thenextgenerationofworkerspayforthepensionsofcurrentworkers.Somepropertyisgivenasasecurityforpaymentofmoneyborrowed.□.Workerswillreceivefuturecompensationforacurrentsalaryreduction.答案：B［解答］推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段。最后一句指出：我們在用現(xiàn)在工人的未來收入作抵押,來支付嬰兒潮時(shí)期出生的人的退休金。第二段詳細(xì)介紹了“現(xiàn)收現(xiàn)付式"(payasyougo)養(yǎng)老金的籌集與支付方式,即對現(xiàn)在工作的人收費(fèi)來支付現(xiàn)在老年人的養(yǎng)老金,而未來工作的人則要支付現(xiàn)在工作的人將來退休后的養(yǎng)老金。故B項(xiàng)為正確答案。ThemaintaxbaseforSocialSecurityandMedicareisretirementbenefits.thewageandsalary.□.government'sbudget.□.trusteefund.答案：B［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。首段第二句明確說明勞動者的工資是社會保障和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)基金的主要稅收來源,所以B項(xiàng)正確。退休金是社會保障基金的一種,A項(xiàng)答非所問：C項(xiàng)是根據(jù)第四段中的budgetdeficits制造的干擾項(xiàng)；D項(xiàng)是根據(jù)文中的“理事"(trustee)—詞編造的選項(xiàng)。Itcanbelearntfromthetrustees'reportsthatthecostsofretirementprogramsareernment'scapacitytoprovidesocialsecurityincreases.futureincomewillriseatasteadybutlowpace.fewerworkerswillsupportmoreretireesinthefuture.答案：C［解答］推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段。第二句和第四句提到：在基金的報(bào)告中,對工資增長的看法頗為悲觀(pessimistic),?這些報(bào)告也同樣認(rèn)為未來的工資水平會比現(xiàn)在的高。由此可見,C項(xiàng)是報(bào)告所反映的問題,為正確答案。TherisingcostsofSocialSecurityandMedicarecreateadangerbecausetheymakepeoplelosefaithintheAmericandream.theymightreduceeconomicgrowth.theywilltriggerapoliticaldeathspiral.theywillbringaboutanagingsociety.答案：B［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段末尾提到,預(yù)計(jì)用于社保和醫(yī)保的費(fèi)用將會增長很快,它意味著經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)的增加。第三段提出一種認(rèn)為這些費(fèi)用的增長可以接受的觀點(diǎn),其理由是工資在增長,拿出其中一部分用于交稅是可以承受的。第三段末作者馬上指出這種觀點(diǎn)有兩點(diǎn)錯誤。第四段接著分析原因：一是工資的增長相當(dāng)少；二是為了支付增長的福利只能提高稅收,而這樣做會抑制經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,所以B項(xiàng)正確。Toavoidadismalfutureoftheretirementprograms,maybewecouldacknowledgegenerationalconflicts.raisetheretirementagebyseveralyears.imposeaheavytaxonrichpeople.encourageearlyfullretirement.答案：B［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段。末段提出減輕勞動者經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)的三個(gè)方法：提高社保和醫(yī)保的最低年齡；控制富裕人士的退休金額；鼓勵延長人們的工作年限。可見,B項(xiàng)為正確答案。A項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)是分別利用該段出現(xiàn)的詞語generationalcompact(代際契約)和thebetter-off(富裕人士)制造的干擾項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)錯在“完全退休〞,該段末句提到的是一種“部分退休形式"(mix"work"and"retirement")oSounstoppablehastheeurocrisisbecomethatevenrescuetalkonlyfuelsever-risingpanic.InvestorshavesniffedoutthatEurope'sleadersseemunwillingevertodoenough.Yetunlesspoliticiansactfasttopersuadetheworldthattheirdesiretopreservetheeuroisgreaterthanthemarkets'abilitytobetagainstit,thesinglecurrencyfacesruin.ItisasoberingthoughtthatsomuchdependsontheleadershipofsquabblingEuropeanpoliticianswhostillconsistentlyunderestimatewhatconfrontsthem.Buttheonlywaytostopthedownwardspiralnowisanactofsupremecollectivewillbyeuro-zonegovernmentstoerectabarrageoffinancialmeasurestostaveoffthecrisisandputthegovernanceoftheeuroonasounderfooting.Arescuemustdofourthingsfast.First,itmustmakeclearwhichofEurope'sgovernmentsaredeemedilliquidandwhichareinsolvent,givingunlimitedbackingtothesolventgovernmentsbutrestructuringthedebtofthosethatcanneverrepayit.Second,ithastoshoreupEurope'sbankstoensuretheycanwithstandasovereigndefault.Third,itneedstoshifttheeurozone'smacroeconomicpolicytowardsanagendaforgrowth.Andfinally,itmuststarttheprocessofdesigninganewsystemtostopsuchamesseverbeingcreatedagain.Sofartheeurozone'sresponsehasreliedtoomuchonausterity.Sharplycuttingbudgetdeficitshasbeenthepriority.Butthiscollectivelyhugefiscalcontractionisself-defeating.BydrivingweakenedeconomiesintorecessionitonlyincreasesworriesaboutbothgovernmentdebtsandEuropeanbanks.Andmerebudget-cuttingdoesnotdealwiththerealcauseofthemess,whichisalossofcredibility.Insteadofausterity,acrediblerescueshouldstartwithgrowth.Allthetroubledeconomiesneedarenewedprogrammeofstructuralreformandliberalisation.Freeingupservicesandprofessions,privatizingcompanies,cuttingbureaucracyanddelayingretirementwillcreateconditionsforrenewedgrowth一andthatisthebestwaytoreducedebts.TherecapitalizationofEurope'sbanksmustbebasedonproperstresstests.Somebanksmaybeabletoraisemoneyintheequitymarkets,butthemostvulnerablewillneedgovernmenthelp.Itmakessensetosetupaeuro-zonebankfund,togetherwithaeuro-zonebank-resolutionauthority.NoneofthiswillworkunlesstheEuropeanscreateafirewallaroundthegovernmentswhocanpaytheirdebtsandwhoarenotindebt.SomehavearguedforasystemofEurobondsinwhicheverycountry'sdebtisbackedbyall.Butthepoliticaloversighttoensurethathigh-spendingcountriesdonotwasteotherpeople'smoneywouldtakeyearstosortout一andonethingtheeurozonedoesnothaveistime.16.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraphs1and2?ThereisafuelpanicamongEuropeancountries.Theworldisunawareofthecomingeurocrisis.Europeanpoliticiansarefrustratedwiththeeurocrisis.□.CooperationamongEuropeancountriesmayeasetheeurocrisis.答案：D［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一、二段。文章第一段首先說明了歐元危機(jī)的嚴(yán)峻形勢。緊接著第二段首句指出,緩解歐元危機(jī)在很大程度上依賴于一直在爭論不休的政治家們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。第二句進(jìn)一步指出,阻止這場危機(jī)惡化的唯一途徑是歐元區(qū)的政府采取集體行動,建立一系列財(cái)政措施以消除危機(jī)。故可推知D項(xiàng)為正確答案。Thephrase"shoreup"(Para.3)mostprobablymeansgivesupportto.placerelianceon.makethreatsto.getloansfrom.答案：A［解答］含義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段。該段主要說明了要拯救歐元危機(jī)必須盡快做的四件事。其中,shoreup是第二件需要做的事：應(yīng)shoreup歐洲的銀行,以確保歐元區(qū)銀行能承受主權(quán)債務(wù)違約行為的發(fā)生。既然需要確保銀行能承受無法償還的貸款,那么必定要資助或者扶持各大銀行,故推出shoreup表達(dá)“支持,扶持〞的意思,A項(xiàng)正確。WelearnfromParagraph4thattheausterityacrosstheeurozonemaymaketheeurocrisisevenworse.canhelprevivetheeconomy.arouseswideworriesinEuropeangovernments.causesacreditcrisisalloverEurope.答案：A［解答］推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第四段。第一、二句指出,歐元區(qū)政府過多地依賴于財(cái)政緊縮政策來應(yīng)對危機(jī),大幅削減預(yù)算赤字已經(jīng)成為工作重點(diǎn)。第三、四句對這種措施進(jìn)行評價(jià)：大規(guī)模的集體財(cái)政緊縮容易產(chǎn)生適得其反的效果,也會使本來就消退的經(jīng)濟(jì)更加萎靡,從而加劇人們對政府債務(wù)和歐洲各國銀行的擔(dān)憂。由此可見,歐元區(qū)大規(guī)模、集體性的財(cái)政緊縮反而會使經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)進(jìn)一步惡化,A項(xiàng)為正確答案。B項(xiàng)與此相反,可排除；第四句指出,大規(guī)模、集體性的財(cái)政緊縮會加劇人們對政府債務(wù)和歐洲各國銀行的擔(dān)憂,而不是引起政府的擔(dān)憂,故C項(xiàng)也可以排除。最后一句指出,單純的財(cái)政緊縮政策不能解決歐元危機(jī)的根本問題,并不是說緊縮政策本身導(dǎo)致了歐洲的信用危機(jī),故D項(xiàng)亦不正確。AccordingtoParagraphs5and6,theauthorbelievesthatEuropeaneconomyisingreattroubleduetostructuralproblems.economicgrowthisabetterwaytosolvetheeurocrisis.□.governmentsshouldplaceproperstressonEurope'sbanks.alargenumberofEurope'sbanksarefacingaseriouscrisis.答案：B［解答］細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五、六段。第五段第一句承接第四段的內(nèi)容,指出真正可靠的拯救措施應(yīng)以經(jīng)濟(jì)增長為前提,而不是財(cái)政緊縮(acrediblerescueshouldstartwithgrowth)o接著第二至第三句則指出了促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的具體措施。最后作者進(jìn)行總結(jié),創(chuàng)造使經(jīng)濟(jì)重新增長的各種條件是減少債務(wù)最好的方式,故B項(xiàng)與原文相符,為正確答案。ItisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatafirewallaroundEuropeancountriescanhelpfightoffthecrisis.Eurobondsgivesgreatsupporttothedesperatecountriesincrisis.high-spendingcountriesarewastingothercountries,money.it'squitetime-consumingtocreatethesystemofEurobonds.答案：D［解答］推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段。文中第二句指出,有人提議建立一個(gè)歐洲聯(lián)盟系統(tǒng),在這—系統(tǒng)中各個(gè)國家的債務(wù)都由所有成員國共同承擔(dān)(asystemofEurobondsinwhicheverycountry'sdebtisbackedbyall),然而第三句又指出,能夠確保高消費(fèi)國家不會浪費(fèi)其他國家資金的政治監(jiān)督體系需要很多年才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。由此可知,要建立歐洲聯(lián)盟系統(tǒng),需要有一定的監(jiān)督體系,即確保高消費(fèi)國家不會浪費(fèi)其他國家資金,但政治監(jiān)督體系需要很多年才能實(shí)現(xiàn),故建立歐洲聯(lián)盟系統(tǒng)也需要很長時(shí)間,D項(xiàng)正確。PhilipMorris,theconglomeratethatownsKraftFoodsbutisprobablybestknownforitscigarettesandcostlytobacco,litigation,recentlydecidedtochangeitsnametoAltriatoreflectthediversityofthecompany'sbrands.AndEnron,whichisintheprocessofmovingitscoreenergyassetsoutfromunderthebankruptcyandintoaseparatecompany,islookingforanewnameforthatentity.Therecentnamechangeshighlighttheimportanceforcompaniesofchoosingamonikerthatisrelevantandauthoritativewhilestillbeingcatchyanappealingtoconsumers,saymarketingexperts.Arosebyanyothernamemightsmellassweet,butifacompanychoosesanamethatdoesnotwork,thestenchcanhoverforquitesometime.Companiesoftendecidetochangetheirnamesinanefforttorebrandthemselvesafteramergeoraspinoff.Forinstance,AndersenConsultingchangeditsnametoAccentureshortlyafterthatfirmsplitfromparentArthurAndersen—amovethatturnedouttobefortuitous,givenAndersen'stroubles.Companiesmayalsowanttoreinventthemselvesafterascandalhastarnisheditsname,asEnronisdoing.Orperhapstheysimplywanttogivetheirimageamakeover.Butanewnamethatdoesnotworkcanbeamistakethatcancostcompanycustomers,credibilityandmillionsofdollars.OneexampleoutofBritainlastyearwastheU.K.PostOffice'sdecisiontochangeitsnametoConsignee.ThepostalservicerecentlyrenameditselfonceagaintoRoyalMailInc.,cappingoffayearofsteepjobandrevenuefortheentity.Thoughaheftyadvertisingandmarketingbudgetwillhelptomakeanewnamesuccessful,otherfactors,suchasfamiliarity,acoherentmessagefromthecompanyandanameinpeople'sminds.WhenU.S.automakerChryslermergedwithGermancompanyDaimlerBenztoformDaimlerChryslerin1998,ayearafterthedeal,thefamiliarityofthenewlymergedcompanydroppedtoascoreof89whenthecompanywasjustcalledChrysler.Thesedays,PWCConsulting'snewMondaytitleiscausingmorethanonebrandexperttoraisetheireyebrowsinpuzzlement.Thecompany'swebsiteproudlyannouncesthat"Mondayisafleshstart,apositiveattitude,partofeverybody'slife.Mondayisarealnameuniversallyunderstoodandeasytoremember.Mondayisconfident.Itstandsforsomething."ToobadtheonlythingMondaystandsforinmost