前置定語市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Pre-modification定語前置普通而言，英語句子中前置定語多為單詞，不過，在英語新聞報(bào)道中，記者往往不拘泥于這種傳統(tǒng)語言現(xiàn)象，而是酌情靈活地使用復(fù)合定語，即同時(shí)用兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞甚至一個(gè)句子來修飾某個(gè)句子。前置定語不但能夠替換短語，而且還能夠替換定語從句，是精煉句式十分有效伎倆。

當(dāng)代英語中，前置定語使用頻率日趨增加。

因?yàn)樗軌驖饪s結(jié)構(gòu)，節(jié)約篇幅，因而深得新聞寫作人員青睞。Examples:

seven-cm-longcup

Pointy-earednightstalkerPoison-derivedexperimentaldrugsAnall-maleclub(aclubwhosemembersaremale)男子俱樂部Once-poorfarmers(farmerswhowereoncepoor)曾經(jīng)貧窮農(nóng)民

從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，新聞?dòng)⒄Z前置定語大致能夠分為七類：

名詞短語作前置定語動(dòng)詞短語做前置定語動(dòng)詞不定式作前置定語形容詞作前置定語介詞短語做前置定語分詞短語做前置定語句子做前置定語1.名詞短語作前置定語Mom-and-popstores夫妻店Adead-endjob沒有奔頭工作Long-fiberfood長纖維食物middle-of-the-roadpolicy中立政策waste-to-energypowerplant垃圾發(fā)電Carrot-and-stickpolicy胡蘿卜加大棒政策Rag-to-richessuccessstories乞丐成富翁成功故事Thirty-fiveforeignministersfromthe"groupof77"developingnationswillbepresentandothermember-countriesareexpectedtoberepresentedbyhigh-levernon-ministerialdelegationsatthetwo-daymeeting.

77國集團(tuán)中有35名外長將出席這次為期兩天會(huì)議，而其余國家則將派出非部長級(jí)別高級(jí)代表團(tuán)到會(huì)。名詞+名詞

arms-reductiontalks裁軍談判

labor-managementconflict

勞資沖突

supply-demandimbalance

供求失調(diào)year-endreport

年底匯報(bào)形容詞+名詞

fair-tradeagreement

互惠貿(mào)易協(xié)定long-rangenuclearmissile

遠(yuǎn)程核導(dǎo)彈long-term，low-interestloan

長久低息貸款top-leveltalk

高級(jí)會(huì)談數(shù)詞+名詞100-metredash

百米賽one-mangovernment

獨(dú)裁政府one-waystreet

單向道21-gunsalute

21響禮炮+to+結(jié)構(gòu)dusk-to-dawncurfew通宵宵禁

face-to-facetalk

會(huì)晤，面晤

ground-to-airmissile地對(duì)空導(dǎo)彈

hand-to-mouthpay

溫飽工資Waste-to-energypowerplant垃圾發(fā)電廠people-to-peoplecontactsandexchange人民之間聯(lián)絡(luò)和交流adown-to-earthguy一個(gè)務(wù)實(shí)人ground-to-airmissile地對(duì)空導(dǎo)彈good-to-excellentcare無微不至關(guān)心

2、動(dòng)詞短語做前置定語Astand-upmeeting站著開會(huì)議Start-upcosts開啟費(fèi)用Drive-byshooting開車射擊Ago-with-the-streamperson隨波逐流人touch-and-goaffair一觸即發(fā)局勢see-while-you-talkphone可視電話

be-kind-to-animalcampaign保護(hù)動(dòng)物運(yùn)動(dòng)balance-the-budgetapproach

平衡預(yù)算法check-indesk

用戶登記處3.動(dòng)詞不定式作前置定語1)形容詞或副詞+不定式aneasy-to-usemodel一個(gè)輕易使用模型annever-to-be-forgottenday難忘日子2）由and連接并列詞組作前置定語hit-and-rundriver肇事后開車溜走司機(jī)wait-and-seepolicy坐守觀望政策4、形容詞做前置定語Adecade-longshortage連續(xù)十年短缺War–wearycitizens厭倦戰(zhàn)爭公民Fire-proofmaterials耐火材料Sugar-freedrink不含糖飲料TheQueen,wearinghat,scarfandglovesinpartialcompliancewithIslamicstricturesonfemininedressbecamethefirstwomanrulerreceivedinthisoil-richMiddleEaststate.

女王戴著帽子和手套，系著圍巾，這在一定程度上符合了伊斯蘭教對(duì)婦女裝束要求。她是這個(gè)盛產(chǎn)石油中東國家

所接待第一位女性國家元首。1)名詞+形容詞water-proofmaterials防水材料capital-intensivecountry資本密集型國家

inflation-proofdeposit

保值儲(chǔ)蓄

interest-freeloan

無息貸款

vehicle-freepromenade

步行街2)動(dòng)詞+形容詞fail-safesystem含有安全保障裝置3)形容詞+形容詞audio-visualproduct音像制品4)數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞a30-meter-widestreet一條30米寬街道adecade-longwar連續(xù)十年戰(zhàn)爭1)名詞+形容詞water-proofmaterials防水材料capital-intensivecountry資本密集型國家inflation-proofdeposit

保值儲(chǔ)蓄interest-freeloan

無息貸款vehicle-freepromenade步行街2)動(dòng)詞+形容詞fail-safesystem含有安全保障裝置3)形容詞+形容詞audio-visualproduct音像制品4)數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞a30-meter-widestreet一條30米寬街道adecade-longwar連續(xù)十年戰(zhàn)爭5、介詞短語做前置定語On-thejobproblems工作時(shí)出問題On-siteservice現(xiàn)場服務(wù)on-the-spotinvestigation現(xiàn)場調(diào)查On-the-spotinterview現(xiàn)場采訪

Under-the-counterdealings臺(tái)下交易o(hù)n-the-jobtraining在職培訓(xùn)，崗位培訓(xùn)

6、分詞短語做前置定語1)名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞ice-meltingtrip融冰之旅peace-keepingforce維和部隊(duì)man-madesatellite人造衛(wèi)星quality-orientededucation素質(zhì)教育Land-basedmissile路基導(dǎo)彈cancer-causingdrug制癌藥品oil-producingcountry產(chǎn)油國policy-makingbody決議機(jī)構(gòu)blood-cementedfriendship鮮血凝成情誼export-orientedeconomy外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)poverty-strickenarea貧困地域

2)形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞low-lyingland低洼地high-payingjob高薪工作quick-frozenfood速凍食品Full-blowncase暴發(fā)性疾病far-reachingsignificance深遠(yuǎn)意義high-rankingofficial高級(jí)官員long-standingissue由來己久問題wide-spreadingAIDS處處蔓延艾滋病3)副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞long-standingdispute由來已久爭端well-educatedpeople受過良好教育人

Turned-onaudience激動(dòng)觀眾dimly-litroom

光線昏暗房間

highly-sophisticatedtechnology尖端技術(shù)

richly-paidjob

薪水豐厚工作

well-informedsource消息靈通人士

7、句子做前置定語Aseeing-is-believingattitude眼見為實(shí)態(tài)度The