考研考博-英語-山西師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thehouseinwhichtheformerpresidentusedtoliveisreportedinthelocalnewspaper______inafiretwodaysago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobedestroyed

B.havingbeendestroyed

C.beingdestroyed

D.tohavebeendestroyed

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。twodaysago表示“兩天前”，應(yīng)該用過去式；因?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在有所影響，故應(yīng)為完成時(shí)；又因主語thehouse與謂語動(dòng)詞destroy構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系；A項(xiàng)表示將來；C項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行；D項(xiàng)不符合語法。句意：據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙報(bào)道，前任總統(tǒng)居住的房子兩天前被大火燒毀。故正確答案為B。

2.單選題

Petroleumproducts,suchasgasoline,kerosene,homeheatingoil,residualfueloilandlubricatingoils,comefromonesource—crudeoilfoundbelowtheearth’ssurfaceaswellasunderlargebodiesofwater,fromafewhundredfeetbelowtheearth’ssurfacetoasdeepas25,000feetintotheearth’sinterior.Sometimescrudeoilissecuredbydrillingaholethroughtheearth,butmoredryholesaredrilledthanthoseproducingoil.Pressureatthesourceofpumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface.

Crudeoilwellsflowatvaryingrates,fromtentothousandsofbarrelsperhour.Petroleumproductsarealwaysmeasuredin42-gallonbarrels.

Petroleumproductsvarygreatlyinphysicalappearance:thin,thick,transparentoropaque,buttheirchemicalcompositionismadeupofonlytwoelements:carbonandhydrogen,whichformcompoundscalledhydrocarbons.Otherchemicalelementsfoundinunionwiththehydrocarbonsarefewandareclassifiedasimpurities.Traceelementsarealsofound,butthoseareofsuchminutequantitiesthattheyaredisregarded.Thecombinationofcarbonandhydrogenformsmanythousandsofcompoundswhicharepossiblebecauseofthevariouspositionsandjoiningofthesetwoatomsinthehydrocarbonmolecule.

Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingandcondensingthevapors.Theseproductsaretheso-calledlightoils,suchasgasoline,keroseneanddistillateoil.Theresidueremainingafterthelightoilsaredistilledisknownasheavyorresiduefueloilandisusedmostlyforburningunderboilers.Additionalcomplicatedrefiningprocessesrearrangethechemicalstructureofthehydrocarbonstoproduceotherproducts,someofwhichareusedtoupgradeandincreasetheoctaneratingofvarioustypesofgasoline.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Manythousandsofhydrocarboncompoundsarepossiblebecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.Howiscrudeoilbroughttothesurface?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasalightoil?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Crudeoilisfoundbelowlandandwater.

B.Crudeoilisalwaysfoundafewhundredfeetbelowthesurface.

C.Pumpingandpressureforcecrudeoiltothesurface.

D.Avarietyofpetroleumproductsisobtainedfromcrudeoil.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepetroleumproductsvarygreatlyinphysicalappearance

B.complicatedrefiningprocessesrearrangethechemicalstructure

C.thetwoatomsinthemoleculeassumemanypositions

D.thepressureneededtoforceittothesurfacecausesmoleculartransformation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thevariouspetroleumproductsareproducedbyfiltration.

B.Heatingandcondensationproducethevariousproducts.

C.Chemicalseparationisusedtoproducethevariousproducts.

D.Mechanicalmeanssuchasthecentrifugeareusedtoproducethevariousproducts.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Expansionofthehydrocarbons.

B.Pressureandpumping.

C.Vacuumcreatedinthedrillingpipe.

D.Expansionandcontractionoftheearth’ssurface.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Distillateoil.

B.Gasoline.

C.Lubricationoil

D.Kerosene.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:原油在陸地和水下被發(fā)現(xiàn),B:原油經(jīng)常被發(fā)現(xiàn)于地球表面下幾百英尺,第一段指出:crudeoilfoundbelowtheearth'ssurfaceaswellasunderlargebodiesofwater,fromafewhundredfeetbelowtheearth’ssurfacetoasdeepas25,000feetintotheearth’sinterior(被發(fā)現(xiàn)于地球表面和廣泛水域下的原油，從地球表面下幾百英尺到深入地球內(nèi)部2.5萬英尺),因此A項(xiàng)符合原意,B項(xiàng)過于絕對(duì)。由第一段中“Pressureatthesourceofpumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface.栗源壓力迫使原油滲出表面?！敝狢項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。D:各種石油產(chǎn)品從原油中被獲取,由最后一段“Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingandcondensingthevapors(各種石油產(chǎn)品從原油中通過加熱和冷凝蒸汽而從原油中被精煉出來)”可知D項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Thecombinationofcarbonandhydrogenformsmanythousandsofcompoundswhicharepossiblebecauseofthevariouspositionsandjoiningofthesetwoatomsinthehydrocarbonmolecule(碳和氫的結(jié)合構(gòu)成了數(shù)千計(jì)的化合物，而這種構(gòu)成的可能是因?yàn)檫@兩種原子在烷烴分子中的不同位置和結(jié)合方式),由此可知C項(xiàng)“這兩種原子可以在分子中處于多種位置”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingandcondensingthevapors(各種石油產(chǎn)品從原油中通過加熱和冷凝蒸汽而從原油中被精煉出來),由此可知B項(xiàng)“加熱和冷凝產(chǎn)生了各種產(chǎn)品”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Pressureatthesourceofpumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface(泵源壓力迫使原油滲出表面),故選B項(xiàng)“壓力和泵送”。

5.判斷推理題。由關(guān)鍵詞lightoil定位至第三段:Theseproductsaretheso-calledlightoils,suchasgasoline,keroseneanddistillateoil(這些產(chǎn)品就被稱之為輕油，例如汽油、煤油和餾出油)。故選C。

3.單選題

Youareaccident________becauseyou’reabitcarelessinwhatyoudo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proof

B.oriented

C.inclined

D.prone

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.proof能抵御的，可防護(hù)的B.oriented以……為方向的，重視……的

C.inclined有傾向的，有可能的D.prone有做……傾向的，易于遭受……的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和上文的“accident（事故）”共同構(gòu)成形容詞作表語，because引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)原因狀語從句，表示“你做事有點(diǎn)粗心大意（careless）”，所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果應(yīng)該是容易出事故。prone指容易遭受某事，有做某事的傾向，因此D選項(xiàng)prone“有做……傾向的；易于遭受……的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)proof“能抵御的，可防護(hù)的”指能抵抗某物的破壞性或有害影響的，與題干語義相矛盾，應(yīng)該是“容易出事故”而不是“能抵御事故”；

B選項(xiàng)oriented“以……為方向的，重視……的”指關(guān)心、面向某個(gè)特定的事物，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)inclined“有傾向的，有可能的”指主觀意愿上傾向于做某事，想要做某事，不能和“accident（事故）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】你很容易出事故，因?yàn)槟阕鍪掠悬c(diǎn)粗心大意。

4.單選題

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.

D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義題。題干：根據(jù)本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse”說明“modest”sleepdeprivation指的是少于6小時(shí)的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小時(shí)的睡眠。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)第3段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？第三段最后一句“You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays”，別人生病后就會(huì)意識(shí)到多睡一小時(shí)的好處，對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么會(huì)有所謂的“睡眠癱瘓癥”?第四段第三句中提到了“SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate”，可知“睡眠癱瘓癥”發(fā)生在大腦從快速眼動(dòng)周期喚醒時(shí)，身體仍保持不動(dòng)狀態(tài)，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)最后一段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？最后一段最后一句提到“REMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughouttheday…”表明大腦一天產(chǎn)生的記憶是脆弱的，需要睡眠幫忙鞏固記憶。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：睡眠不足對(duì)人的身心有什么影響？第二段提到“elevatedbloodpressure”；第三段提到“reducedimmunesystem”;第四段提到“sleepparalysis”；最后一段提到“memoryloss”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.問答題

Foranybusiness,thecostoftransportationisnormallythelargestsin?gleitemintheoverallcostofphysicaldistribution.Itdoesn’tnecessarily

follow,though,thatamanufacturershouldsimplypickupthecheapesta-101.

vailableformoftransportation.Manycompaniestodayusethetotalphysic-

caldistributionconcept,anapproachinvolvesmaximizingtheefficiencyof102.

physicaldistributionactivitieswhileminimizingtheircost.Often,this

meanthatthecompanywillmakecosttradeoffbetweenthevariousphysic-103.

caldistributionactivities.Forinstance,airfreightmaybemuchmoreex?pensivethanrailtransport,soanationalmanufacturermightuseair104.

freighttoshipeverythingfromasinglewarehouseandthusavoidthegreaterexpenseofmaintainingseveralwarehouses.

Whenafirmchoosesatypeoftransportation,ithastobearinmind

itsothermarketingconcern—storage,financing,sales,inventorysize,105.

andthelike.Ifthefirmcansupplyitscustomers’needsquicklyandrelia-106.

blythanitscompetitorsdo,itwillhaveavitaladvantage:soitmaybe

moreprofitableatthelongruntopayhighertransportationcosts,rather107.

thanriskingthelossoffuturesales.Inaddition,speedydeliveryiscrucial108.

insomeindustries.Amail-orderdistributorsendingfruitfromOregonto

Pennsylvanianeedthepromptnessofairfreight.Ontheotherhand,a109.

manufacturershippinglingeriefromNewYorktoMassachusettsmaybeperfectlysatisfiedbyslower(andcheaper)truckorrailtransport.110.

【答案】101.去掉up

102.involves→involving

103.mean→means

104.so→but

105.concern→concerns

106.the→a

107.at→in

108.risking→torisk

109.need→needs

110.by→with

【解析】101.語義題。pick本身就有“挑選”的意思,而picksth.up意為“拿起，舉起，獲得,加速，偶然聽到，取回，整理等”。

102.語法分析?？疾榉侵^語。此句為分句,不需要謂語,因此動(dòng)詞改成現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

103.語法分析。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處mean作謂語動(dòng)詞,主語為this,因此mean應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

104.邏輯關(guān)系。此處是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

105.語法分析。考查名詞的數(shù)。Concern意為“關(guān)心的事”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞,此處為復(fù)數(shù)故加s。

106.語法分析?？疾楣谠~。這里沒有特指,所以應(yīng)為不定冠詞a。

107.固定搭配。inthelongrun從長期來看

108.語義連接。前面是topay,所以此處對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)為torisk。

109.語法分析。動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。need的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)amail-orderdistributor故要加s。

110.固定搭配。besatisfiedwith對(duì)...很滿意。

6.單選題

（

）,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ashelikeshermuch

B.Muchalthoughhelikesher

C.Thoughmuchhelikesher

D.Muchashelikesher

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，從句不倒裝；而as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，從句需要倒裝。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：盡管他喜歡她，可有時(shí)候他確實(shí)會(huì)對(duì)她發(fā)火。故D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Wearegoodatinventingwaytoenlargeourrealm.Repeatedlywefindmethodsofspreadingfarther.Ifanelementisforbidding,wedeviseameanstomasterit.Reachingthecontinentalshores,wedevelopedship-buildingandnavigationalskillsinordertocrossoceans.Shiveringatarcticweather,wedesignedforclothingandsnugsheltersinordertoedgenorthward.And,havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime.Althoughbeingwakefulatnightfloutedournaturalrhythms,wedevelopedartificiallightingthatletusbeactiveafterdark.

Aneraisnowunderwayinwhichwearereplacingourcycliccommunitywithactivitiesthatneverstop.Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.Meanwhile,isolatedindividualsbendoverbooksandpapersondesksintheirhomes,watchtelevisionaftermidnight,orwalkinthestreetsandlistentothenightbreathe.

ThisextensionacrossallhoursofthedayresemblesourspreadingacrossthefaceoftheEarth.Lookatbothtrendsfromenoughperspectiveindistanceandtimeandtheyappearalike.Hoverfarabovetheplanetandwatchitasitspinsthroughouttheeras.Withtheplanet’ssurfaceindaylight,littlehumansettlementscanbeseentogrowlargerastheyearsgobyandsmallextensionsappearattheiroutskirts.Watchthesurfacewhenitisinnightandatfirstsomepinpointsoflightflickerforawhileandthengoout.Afteragespass,thoselightbecomestronger;theystayonlonger,andotherglimmeringsappearnearby.Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.Butbothareadvancinginorder.

Bothformsofexpansionarefrontiers.Afrontierisanewsourceofresourcesthatpeopleuseforsubsistenceorforprofit.Itisalsoasafetyvalveforpeoplewhofeelconfined.Theydisperseinresponsetopressuresathomeandtoappealingopportunitieselsewhere.

Now,venturingintothenight,wehavethesamemotivesasourpredecessorswhomigratedgeographically.Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.Thechancetoexploitfacilitiesthatareleftidlealsoarousesourinitiativetousemoreofthenight.Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.Otherslooktoittobetterthemselveseconomically.Itisnoaccidentthatpersonalmotivesforreliefandopportunityaresimilartothecausesofexpansionforthecommunityasawhole.Thosearetheage-oldforcesbehindallmigrations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.TheexamplestheauthorcitesinPara.2(“Thereis…night”)illustrateablurringof（

）

3.Incontext,theuseof“Look”,“Hover,”and“Watch”(inPara.3)isintendedto（

）.

4.InPara.3,"both"mostdirectlyrefersto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesprovidesthebestexampleofthe"waytomultiply"asdiscussedinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuadereaderstoincreasetheiruseofnighttimehours

B.arguethatconstanthumanactivityisharmfultoindividualsandgroups

C.explorehowthechanginguseoftimeisrelatedtothehistoryofhumanexpansion

D.critiquethewayinwhichchanginglaborpatternshavecometodominatehumanlife

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ambitionandgreed

B.solitudeandcompanionship

C.theusesofnighttimeandofdaytime

D.thepurposesofworkandofrecreation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.warnreadersofthethreatofunboundedmigration

B.invitereaderstoimaginehumanhistoryvisually

C.preparereaderstoanticipatechangeanditsconsequences

D.promotetheuseofnighttimehoursforworkorleisureactivities

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.workerproductivityandnationalwealth

B.scientificknowledgeandindividualwell-being

C.competingworkdemandsandavailabletime

D.inhabitedspaceandusabletime

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Conductingeveningclassesinpublicschoolbuildings

B.Keepingmunicipalofficesopenduringthelunchhour

C.Enforcingcurfewlawsinresidentialneighborhoods

D.Addingmorebuildingstoafactorycomplex

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.本題是問這篇文章的寫作目的，A項(xiàng)意為“為了規(guī)勸讀者多加利用他們的午夜時(shí)間”；B項(xiàng)意為“為了討論持續(xù)的人類活動(dòng)對(duì)個(gè)人和團(tuán)體是有害的”；C項(xiàng)意為“為了探討對(duì)于不斷利用時(shí)間與人們擴(kuò)張的歷史之間是如何聯(lián)系的”；D項(xiàng)意為“為了批判不斷變化的勞動(dòng)方式已經(jīng)主宰了人類的生活”。本題可通過文中出現(xiàn)的“spreading”、“edgenorthward’’、“Thisextensionacrossallhoursoftheday”以及“Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.日以繼夜地，幾千年以來，給我們揭示了人們的定居點(diǎn)不斷擴(kuò)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及天黑之后照明工具的延長”等都表明了本文的寫作目的是分析人類活動(dòng)的擴(kuò)張與利用時(shí)間之間的關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.本題是問第二段中所舉的例子表明的意思。A項(xiàng)意為“野心和貪婪”；B項(xiàng)意為“孤獨(dú)和陪伴”；C項(xiàng)意為“夜間和白天時(shí)間的利用”；D項(xiàng)意為“工作和娛樂的目的”。由第二段中的“Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.工廠普遍實(shí)行輪班制。機(jī)場、加油站、旅館、餐館和廣播電臺(tái)都在不停地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。保險(xiǎn)公司和銀行的數(shù)據(jù)處理部門整夜都在忙碌?！绷信e了一些需要倒班的工作，所以舉例的目的是為了說明人類對(duì)于夜間和白天時(shí)間的充分利用，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.A項(xiàng)意為‘提醒讀者無限遷移的所帶來的威脅’；B項(xiàng)意為，‘邀請(qǐng)讀者從視覺上想象人類的歷史‘；C項(xiàng)意為‘為讀者做好預(yù)期的變化和后果的準(zhǔn)備’；D項(xiàng)意為‘推廣在工作或者休閑活動(dòng)中對(duì)于夜間時(shí)間的利用‘。題目中所給詞look意為“看”;hover意為“盤旋”；watch意為“觀察，觀看”，這三個(gè)詞語均與B項(xiàng)中的“visually（視覺上的）”對(duì)應(yīng)。B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.A項(xiàng)意為“工人的生產(chǎn)力和國家財(cái)富”；B項(xiàng)意為“科學(xué)知識(shí)和個(gè)人幸?！?；C項(xiàng)意為“充滿競爭的工作需求和可利用的時(shí)間”；D項(xiàng)意為“居住空間和可利用的時(shí)間”。根據(jù)第一段中的‘havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime’在第一次占領(lǐng)了世界上大部分的可用空間后，我們正在填補(bǔ)其可用的時(shí)間和第二段最后一句‘Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.’表面不是均勻地被占據(jù)的。時(shí)間并不是統(tǒng)一的?？芍猙oth是指空間上和時(shí)間上的占有，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.A項(xiàng)意為“在公立學(xué)校里設(shè)立夜校課程”；B項(xiàng)意為“在午飯時(shí)間開放市政辦公”；C項(xiàng)意為“在住宅社區(qū)施行宵禁法”；D項(xiàng)意為“添加更多的工廠建筑”。文中最后一段提到了‘Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.在白天已經(jīng)非常擁擠了，容納量趨于緊張?！@個(gè)擁擠是指一些空間場所。再結(jié)合“Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.一些人不喜歡白天的騷動(dòng)，渴望夜晚的寧靜”，以及文中‘Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.’對(duì)waytomultiply的定義就是更多地利用同一個(gè)空間，所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Happinessusedtohaveamuchbroadermeaning—tiedtotheideaofa_______andmeaningfullife一butnowit'salmostindistinguishablefrompleasure.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.virtuous

B.depraved

C.vicious

D.malicious

【答案】A

【解析】virtuous善良的，有道德的；depraved墮落的，卑鄙的；vicious惡意的，刻毒的；malicious蓄意的，惡毒的。句意：在過去,幸福有一個(gè)更廣泛的含義——與道德高尚和有意義的生活觀念緊密聯(lián)系在一起——但現(xiàn)在幾乎和快樂無法區(qū)分。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Itisironicthatthe______insightsofthegreatthinkersarevoicedsooftenthattheyhavebecomemere______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.original...cliches

B.banal...beliefs

C.dubious...habits

D.philosophical...questions

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析。original“原始的，最初的”；banal“陳腐的，平庸的”；dubious“可疑的，曖昧的”；philosophical“哲學(xué)的，冷靜的”。cliches“陳詞濫調(diào)”；belief“信仰”；habit“習(xí)慣”；question“問題”。句意：諷刺的是，這些偉大思想家最初的真知灼見經(jīng)常被提及，以至于他們只不過變成了一些陳詞濫調(diào)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Themanagingdirectortookthe（

）fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guilt

B.charge

C.blame

D.accusation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。guilt意為“有罪，犯罪行為”；charge意為“收費(fèi)，指控”；blame意為“(壞事或錯(cuò)事的)責(zé)任，責(zé)備”，taketheblamefor意為“承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任”；accusation意為“指責(zé)，譴責(zé)”。

句意：總經(jīng)理承擔(dān)了事故的責(zé)任，盡管并不真的是他的錯(cuò)。

11.單選題

Inprevioustime,whenfreshmeatwasinshort(),pigeonswerekeptbymanyhouseholdsasasourceoffood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.storage

B.reserve

C.supply

D.provision

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。storage“貯藏庫，存儲(chǔ)”；reserve“儲(chǔ)備，儲(chǔ)存”；supply“供給；補(bǔ)給”；provision“供應(yīng)品”。句意：在過去，當(dāng)鮮肉短缺時(shí)，許多家庭飼養(yǎng)鴿子作為食物來源。表示供應(yīng)短缺時(shí)固定使用inshortsupply。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Politicians,environmentalistsandbusinessmenfromallovertheworldassembledtodiscussthewaysof（）atmosphericpollution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cuttingat

B.cuttingdown

C.cuttingoff

D.cuttingout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)cutat“對(duì)準(zhǔn)猛打；向……砍去”；B選項(xiàng)cutdown“削減；砍倒；殺死”；C選項(xiàng)cutoff“切斷；使死亡”；D選項(xiàng)cutout“切斷；刪去；停止；關(guān)掉”。句意：來自世界各地的政治家、環(huán)保主義者和商人聚集在一起，討論減少大氣污染的方法。由題干中的“atmosphericpollution大氣污染”可推測出“削減”符合語境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Darkmatterintheuniverseis,believedbysomescientists,substancethatisnotreadilyobservablebecauseitdoesnotdirectlyrefractlightorenergy.Itsexistencecanonlybededucedbecauseoftheeffectthatithasonsurroundingmatter.Infact,somemembersofthescientificcommunityhavearguedthatdarkmatterdoesnotactuallyexist.Others,however,believeinitsexistence,inpartbecausethescientificcommunitydoesnothaveacompleteunderstandingofgravitationalscience.Ontheotherhand,somewouldarguethatitistheunderstandingofgravitationalsciencethatleadsmostscientiststobelieveintheexistenceofdarkmatter,becausewithoutdarkmatter,therearemanycosmologicalphenomenathataredifficulttoexplain.

Forexample,darkmatterintheuniversemayhaveapeculiareffectontheMilkyWaygalaxy.Somescientistsbelievethattheinteractionbetweendarkmatterandothersmaller,nearbygalaxiesiscausingtheMilkyWaygalaxytotakeonawarpedprofile.Ithasbeenassertedthatnotonlydoesdarkmatterexist,itmayalsoberesponsiblefortheMilkyWay’sunusualshape.TheinteractionreferencedinvolvestwosmallergalaxiesneartheMilkyWay,calledMagllanicClouds,movingthroughanenormousamountofdarkmatter,which,ineffect,enhancesthegravitationalpullthatthetwoMagellanicCloudscouldhaveontheMilkyWayandothersurroundingbodies.Withouttheexistenceofthedarkmatter,theMagellanicCloudswouldnothavesufficientmasstohavesuchastrongeffectonthebendoftheMilkyWaygalaxy.

ThestrongestevidenceforthevalidityofthishypothesisrestsinNewtonianphysicsandthehypothesisthatanythingwithmasswillexertagravitationalpull.The