考研考博-英語-北海藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北海藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

Buildingadegreeoftransportationandinventorycostambiguityintothesystemdesignwillallowonetoestimatehighandlowvaluesforthesecosts,withthecomfortthatcostswillcomeinbetweentheseworstandbestcases.Globalsourcingsystemsarealsodynamiccreatures,subjecttochangeandimprovementovertime.Itisessentialthattheperformanceofthesourcingsystembemonitoredbyallpartiestothepartnershiptomaintainitscommonfocus.Severaladditionalitemsshouldbeconsideredwheneverinternationalsourcingisanalternativeforafirm:possibleuseofchildlabor,changingtariffstructures,foreigntradezones,exportingforassemblyinbond,andcountertrade.

【答案】

在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中建立一定程度的運(yùn)輸和庫存成本的模糊性，將可以估算出這些成本的高值和低值，而成本將會(huì)在這些最壞和最好的情況之間。全球采購系統(tǒng)也是動(dòng)態(tài)的，隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)發(fā)生變化和改進(jìn)。至關(guān)重要的是，結(jié)為伙伴關(guān)系的各方都要對(duì)采購系統(tǒng)的性能進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，以確保達(dá)成共識(shí)。當(dāng)國際采購是公司的一種選擇時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮以下額外幾點(diǎn)：使用童工的可能性，變化的關(guān)稅結(jié)構(gòu)，外貿(mào)區(qū)，保稅出口組裝和補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易。

2.單選題

Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost（

）areasinJapaneselife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sophisticated

B.competitive

C.considerate

D.superficial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sophisticated意為“見多識(shí)廣的，老練的”；competitive意為“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，比賽的”；considerate意為“考慮周到的，體貼的”；superficial意為“膚淺的，表面的”。由前面because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語，可知好大學(xué)的學(xué)位意味著好更好的工作，故此推測(cè)教育領(lǐng)域具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，因此選B。

句意：因?yàn)橐凰么髮W(xué)的學(xué)位是獲得更好工作的手段，所以教育是日本人生活中最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的領(lǐng)域之一。

3.單選題

Anenquiringmindcancatch____toanewideaquickly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.up

C.at

D.out

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.on在……之上B.up向上

C.at在D.out向外

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】固定搭配catchonto表示“理解；明白”。由句意“善于探究的人能很快……一個(gè)新觀點(diǎn)?！笨芍摯钆浞暇湟?，譯為：善于探究的人能很快理解新一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合搭配。

【句意】善于探究的人能很快理解一個(gè)新觀點(diǎn)。

4.寫作題

WriteonANSWERSHEETaletterofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:YouareSallyParsons,deanoftheSchoolofInformationEngineering,SoutheastMissouriStateUniversity.Yourschoolisemployingprof.LinJia-xinfromBeijingUniversitytobeavisitingprofessor.Yourwritingshouldincludethefollowingcontent:

1.Thepurposeofyouremployment

2.Thepaymentandaccommodationofferedtotheprofessor

3.Theemploymentduration

4.Yourexpectationforafavorableandearlyreply

5.Signatureinyournamewithrank/position

【答案】略

5.單選題

TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday.Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry.Thisabsenceofrestraintsisreflectedaswellintheverytermsinwhichtheserightsandprivilegesaredescribed.Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”(drawinguponthelanguageoftheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates)isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”.

Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffromtheconstraintsofthecommunity.Itevencanassumethattheselfhas,intrinsictoitorsomehowavailabletoit,independentofanysocialguidance,intimationsofwhatitisandwhatitwants.Thus,liberationmaybeseeninthecurrentlyfashionableinsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”whichcanincludearelianceuponstandardsandobjectivesthataresolelyone’sown.Itisdifficult,insuchcircumstances,toavoidaradicalsubjectivismthattendstoresultinthoroughgoingrelativismwithrespecttomoralandpoliticaljudgments.Oneconsequenceofthisapproachistoidentifyanever-expandingarrayofformsofexpressionthatarebelievedtobeentitledtoimmunityfromgovernmentregulation.

Ontheotherhand,iftheemphasisisplaceduponthemoretraditionallanguage,“freedomofspeechandofthepress”，therequirementsandprerogativesofaself-governingpeopleareapttobemademoreof.Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower.Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime.Thiskindofeffortneednotbealtogetherselfishonthepartofsuchrulers,sinceallregimesdohaveaninterestinlawandorder,incommondecency,andinaroutinereliabilityorloyalty.

Whatisparticularlydifficulttoarguefor,andtomaintain,isanarrangementthat,whileitleavesapeopleclearlyfreepoliticallytodiscussfullyallmattersofpublicinterestwithaviewtowardgoverningitself,routinelydisciplinesandotherwisepreparesthatsamepeopleforaneffectiveexerciseofitsconsiderablefreedom.Insuchcircumstances,itistemptingforapeopletotakethecasefor,andtherhetoricofthelibertyonestepfurther-—andthustoinsistthatnoone,shouldtrytotellanyoneelsewhatkindofhumanbeingheshouldbe.Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?Allothersare,invaryingdegrees,prisonersofillusionsandappetites,howevermuchtheymaybelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselves.

Thereare,thentworelatedsetsofconcernsevidentinanyconsiderationtodayoftheformsandusesofcensorship.Onesetofconcernshastodowiththeeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity;theother,withthepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeople.Theformerismorepoliticalinitsmethods,thelatterismoreeducational.

1.IntheUnitedState,（）.

2.Freedomexpressionrepresents（）.

3.ItisTRUEthat（）.

4.Intheauthor’sopinion,（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisanabsoluteabsenceofrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishing

B.therearenomorerestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

C.therearenofewerrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

D.thereareconstitutionalguaranteeswithregardtospeechandthepress

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.littlemorethanapoliticalviewofliberty

B.notsomuchapoliticalasanindividualisticviewofliberty

C.arelianceuponsocialstandardsandobjectives

D.aradicalsubjectivism

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.freedomofexpressionmeansnothingbutaninsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”

B.freedomofexpressiontendstospoiltheeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity

C.fewrulersruleswithouttheauthorityofthepeople

D.thepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeopleliesmainlyineducation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnousemaintaininganarrangementinwhichpeoplecaneffectivelyexercisetheirconsiderablefreedom

B.allpeopleareinfactprisonersofillusionandappetites

C.onlypeoplewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisrightaretrulyfree

D.onlypeoplewhobelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselvesaretrulyfree

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Amoreindividualisticviewoflibertywillprobablyleadtomoralrelativismandobjectivepoliticaljudgment.

B.Anindividualisticviewoflibertyisbasedontheassumptionthatindividualsknowwhotheyareandwhattheywant.

C.Thetraditionalviewoflibertyinvolvesmoresocialguidanceandlessuseofpoliticalpowerbytheindividual

D.Thecensorshiprelatedwiththeindividualisticviewoflibertyisrelatedwitheverydaygovernanceofcommunityandthusitispoliticalinitsmethod.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry(有關(guān)言論和出版方面的限制以及行為上的限制比歷史上任何一個(gè)時(shí)期都要少)。由此可知前面三項(xiàng)不符合文章所述，D項(xiàng)“在言論和出版方面有憲法保障”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第一句指出:TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday(在自由的問題上，從政治性的觀點(diǎn)向個(gè)人主義觀點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變可以通過如今美國憲法中有關(guān)言論和出版條例的陳述方式顯現(xiàn)出來)，第一段最后一句指出:Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”(曾經(jīng)的'言論和出版自由’如今被稱為‘表達(dá)自由’)。由此可知“表達(dá)自由”代表的是個(gè)人主義觀點(diǎn)，故選B項(xiàng)“與其說是政治觀點(diǎn)，不如說是個(gè)人主義的自由觀”。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:言論自由意味著堅(jiān)持“做自己的事”。B:言論自由往往會(huì)破壞社區(qū)的日常管理。C:沒有人民授權(quán)，統(tǒng)治者很難統(tǒng)治。D:人性格的永久塑造，主要在于教育。A項(xiàng)的nothingbut和B項(xiàng)中的spoiltheeverydaygovernance與文章意思不符。第二段指出:Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime(即使是那些未具備權(quán)力的管理者也必須要注意根據(jù)自己政權(quán)的需要和情況來塑造民眾的性格)。因此C項(xiàng)不正確。答案為D。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?(難道不能說只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及選擇做正確的事情的人才是真正地獲得自由？)。此句的意思是:只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及選擇做正確的事情的人才是真正地獲得自由。故選C項(xiàng)“只有那些知道自己在做什么，選擇做正確的事的人才是真正自由的”。

第5題:判斷推理題。第二段指出:Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffi-omtheconstraintsofthecommunity(表達(dá)自由的意思就是鼓勵(lì)自我從社會(huì)的各項(xiàng)束縛中解脫出來)。第三段指出:Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower(這意味著每個(gè)人都需要準(zhǔn)備好有效利用其巨大的政治權(quán)力)。由此推斷C項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的對(duì)自由的理解涉及更多的社會(huì)指導(dǎo)，個(gè)人較少使用政治權(quán)力”正確。

6.單選題

WesternmanishimselfbeingWesternizedbyhisownspeed-up,（）byindustrialtechnology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asmuchtheAfricansaredetribalized

B.theAfricansaremuchbeingdetribalized

C.asmuchastheAfricansarebeingdetribalized

D.asmuchastheAfricansaredetribalized

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。as…as…“像……一樣”，此結(jié)構(gòu)前后有呼應(yīng)，前半句是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí)，后半句也應(yīng)保持一致。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

EversinceAntarcticexplorationbegan,menenteringonthefrozencontinenthavetakenforgrantedbeingcompletelycutofffromtherestofcivilization.Nowallthathaschanged.InJune1967Iwasproudtobeaboardahistory-makingairing—thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.

Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.OurNavyflewinandgothimout,andherecovered.Weflewinforanotherpatientin1964,andtwomorein1966.Alltheseflightweremadeonanemergencybasis—andofcourseatconsiderablerisk—duringthemonthswhen,traditionally,Antarcticaiscutofffromtheworld.But,ifwecouldgetinandoutsafelyinanemergency,whycouldwenotflyin—andwithgreatersafety—onaregular,plannedschedule?

Duringthesummer,NavyC-130sflybackandforthonroutineover-oceanflightsbetweentheDeepFreezeadvancebaseatChristchurch,NewZealandandMcMurdoStation,themainAmericanscientificbaseinAntarctica.Butalltheseflightsaremadeinbroad24hoursdaylight.Eveninsummer,flyingtoandfromAntarcticaishazardous.Amandowninthaticywatercouldliveonlyabout10minutes.Inwinter’sdarknessandmoreintensecoldness,theperilsaremultiplied.Anaircraftdownatseaoronthe“ice”(oureverydaytermforAntarctica)canbealothardertofindatnightthanindaylight.

Yet,despitethesehazards,wehadstrongreasontoopenupAntarcticainwinter.ScientistsworkinginuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavesummerfreeforresearch.Regularfly-insallowustodeliverthemandpickthemupintimetoresumetheiracademicduty.Obviously,theflightswouldbepopularwiththemenintheiceandgoodformorale,fortheywouldcarryinmailandfreshprovisions.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.BeforeJune1967,therewereregularlyscheduledflights______.

3.OurNavyflewin:whatwasspecialaboutthisflight?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthepassage?

5.TheflightwaswelcomedbythemenintheAntarcticabecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewriterwasaboardonhistory-makingairplaneflightsinJune,1967.

B.ASovietexchangescientistfellcriticallyillwhenIwasintheAntarctica.

C.JuneisthewinterintheAntarctica.

D.MytriptotheAntarcticawasthefirstregularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarctica.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlyintheAntarcticsummer

B.onlyintheAntarcticwinter

C.inbothsummerandwinter

D.onlyonanemergencybasis

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Asaresultofit,thesickmanrecovered.

B.ItwasintheAntarcticawinter.

C.Itwasaninternationalassistance—theU.S.wascomingtothehelpofaSovietscientist.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ThewriterwasfrightenedbythehazardintheAntarctica.

B.ThewriterwasrestrainedbythecoldnessintheAntarctica.

C.ThewriterissuggestingopeninguptheAntarcticainwinter.

D.ThewriterwishestobeascientistworkingintheAntarctica.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itsendsmorecompanionstothem

B.theycanresumetheiracademicduty

C.theywillhaveachancetogetthenewsfromtheirfamiliesandfriends

D.theycangobackonthereturnflight

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“作者在1967年6月登上了創(chuàng)造歷史的飛機(jī)航班”，由原文InJune1967Iwasproudtobeaboardahistory-makingairing（1967年6月，我很自豪地登上了一架創(chuàng)造歷史的飛機(jī)）可知，作者在1967年6月登上了一架創(chuàng)造歷史的飛機(jī)，A選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除A。C選項(xiàng)“六月是南極洲的冬天”，由原文InJune1967…thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.（1967年6月……第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南極洲。）可知，六月是南極洲的冬天，C選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除C。D選項(xiàng)“我的南極之行是第一次前往南極洲的定期航班”，由原文thefirsttomakearegularlyscheduledflighttotheAntarcticaintheblackofitswinternight.（第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南極洲。）可知，作者乘坐的是第一次前往南極洲的定期航班，D選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除D。B選項(xiàng)“我在南極洲時(shí)，一位蘇聯(lián)交換科學(xué)家病得很重”，由原文Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.（事情開始于1961年，當(dāng)時(shí)一名蘇聯(lián)交換科學(xué)家在遙遠(yuǎn)的伯德站過冬時(shí)得了重病。）可知，這位蘇聯(lián)科學(xué)家得病時(shí)作者還沒有去南極洲，B選項(xiàng)不符合原文，所以本題選B。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第四句Alltheseflightweremadeonanemergencybasis（所有這些飛行都是在緊急情況下進(jìn)行的），說明只有在緊急情況下才有飛往南極洲的航班。因此D選項(xiàng)“只在緊急情況下”正確。A選項(xiàng)“只有在南極洲的夏天”，B選項(xiàng)“只在南極洲的冬天”，C選項(xiàng)“在夏季和冬季都有”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Abeginningwasmadein1961,whenaSovietexchangescientistwinteringatremoteByrdStationfellcriticallyill.OurNavyflewinandgothimout,andherecovered.（事情開始于1961年，當(dāng)時(shí)一名蘇聯(lián)交換科學(xué)家在遙遠(yuǎn)的伯德站過冬時(shí)得了重病。我們的海軍飛過去把他救了出來，他康復(fù)了。），所以A選項(xiàng)“它的結(jié)果是，那個(gè)病人康復(fù)了”，B選項(xiàng)“是在南極洲的冬天”，C選項(xiàng)“這是一次國際援助——美國來幫助一位蘇聯(lián)科學(xué)家”均屬于這次飛行的特點(diǎn)。因此D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”正確。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Yet,despitethesehazards,wehadstrongreasontoopenupAntarcticainwinter.（然而，盡管有這些危險(xiǎn)，我們還是有充分的理由在冬天開放南極洲。），說明作者支持在冬天開放南極洲。因此C選項(xiàng)“作者建議在冬天開放南極洲”正確。A選項(xiàng)“作者被南極洲的危險(xiǎn)嚇壞了”，B選項(xiàng)“作者被南極洲的寒冷所束縛”，由原文可知，作者認(rèn)為人們可以克服南極洲冬天存在的困難，所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“作者希望成為一名在南極洲工作的科學(xué)家”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Obviously,theflightswouldbepopularwiththemenintheiceandgoodformorale,fortheywouldcarryinmailandfreshprovisions.（顯然，這些飛行會(huì)受到冰天雪地里的人們的歡迎，也會(huì)鼓舞士氣，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢运蛠磬]件和新鮮的食物。），說明飛行受到南極洲的人們歡迎的原因是它們可以送來郵件消息。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們有機(jī)會(huì)得到家人和朋友的消息”正確。A選項(xiàng)“送來了更多的同伴”，B選項(xiàng)“可以繼續(xù)他們的學(xué)術(shù)任務(wù)”，D選項(xiàng)“可以乘坐返程航班回去”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

Ifthisevilmanremainedunpunished,oursocialmoralstandard_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willundermine

B.wouldundermine

C.wouldbeundermined

D.willbeundermined

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當(dāng)從句為：If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式（be用were），主句則為：主語+would（should；could；might）+動(dòng)詞原型。故可排除A、D選項(xiàng)。句意：如果這個(gè)壞人不受懲罰，我們的社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就會(huì)被破壞。又因該句中的“社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”與“破壞”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

We______soasnottowakethechild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whispered

B.moaned

C.grunted

D.muttered

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)whispered“低聲地說”；B選項(xiàng)moaned“呻吟”；C選項(xiàng)grunted“咕噥著說”；D選項(xiàng)muttered“喃喃自語”。句意：我們低聲說話，以免吵醒孩子。本句表示低聲說話。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Wedevelopedahighdegreeoftrustandaconsiderablepersonal（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.support

B.rapport

C.export

D.apport

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)support“支持；幫助”；B選項(xiàng)rapport“密切關(guān)系，交往”；C選項(xiàng)export“輸出，出口”；D選項(xiàng)apport“物體顯形；幻想”。句意：我們發(fā)展了高度的互相信任和不錯(cuò)的私人密切關(guān)系。因此B符合題意。

11.單選題

Americansmayhaveto（）thenumberofprivatelyownedcarsanddependmoreonpublictransportationsystems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakdown

B.outdown

C.getdown

D.dropdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakdown“發(fā)生故障，毀掉”；getdown“吞下，使沮喪”；dropdown“落下，順著往下移動(dòng)”。句意：美國人可能不得不降低私家車的數(shù)量。轉(zhuǎn)而依賴公共交通系統(tǒng)。只有D項(xiàng)符合，強(qiáng)調(diào)私家車數(shù)量的下降。

12.單選題

France’s（

）ofnucleartestingintheSouthPacificlastmonthtriggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assumption

B.consumption

C.presumption

D.resumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assumption“假定，假設(shè)”；B選項(xiàng)consumption“消費(fèi)，消耗”；C選項(xiàng)presumption“假設(shè)，推定”；D選項(xiàng)resumption“恢復(fù)，重聯(lián)，（中斷后）再繼續(xù)”。句意：上個(gè)月法國在南太平洋重新進(jìn)行核試驗(yàn)引發(fā)了政界的爭(zhēng)論和群眾游行示威。結(jié)合此處語境，談及到法國重新進(jìn)行核試驗(yàn)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Airbnbannouncedthatit’sgoingafterthemajorhotelchains—whichatfirstsoundedkindofcute,likeaprecociousLittleLeaguepitchersayinghe’sgoingtostrikeoutMiguelCabrera.

ButwhenCEOBrianCheskylaidouthisthinkingformewhilesittingonabarrelinAirbnb’snew,funkyheadquartersinSanFrancisco,Ithoughttheinvestorswhohavepumped$326millionintothecompanymightnotbetoodim.Airbnbisbecomingmuchmorethanawaytospend$26anighttosleepinLondonwithfiveotherpeopleatTheImperialFleapit.

Infact,Airbnbislookinglikeaproofpointofatrendthathasbeengettingalotofattentionlately.ComerefertoitastheDIYfordoityourself-movement.VenturecapitalistHemantTaneja,lookingatitformadifferentangle,callsit“unsealing.”Cheskyusestheterm“decentralizedproduction.”MarcAndreessenhitontheconceptinamanifestoentitled“WhySoftwareIsEatingtheWorld.”

Itallpointstothesameidea:Informationtechnologyiserodingthepoweroflarge-scalemassproduction.We’reinsteadmovingtowardaworldofmassivenumbersofsmall-producersofferinguniquestuff—andofconsumerswhorejectmass-producedstuff.TheInternet,software,3Dprinting,socialnetworks,cloudcomputingandothertechnologiesaremakingthiseconomicallyfeasible—infactdesirable.

ThehotelindustryandthewayAirbnbthinksaboutit—isanexampleofhowthatisplayingout.ThereisafundamentaltruthaboutbighotelchainsthatisonlynowbeingexposedintheInternetage:Hotelchainsgrewoutofalackofinformation.

Inthemiddleoflastcenturycarsandhighwaysmadetheworldfarmoremobile.Manymorepeopletraveledtotownstheydidn’tknowandtheyneededplacestosleep.Theyhadnowaytoknowwhichhotelorboardinghousemightbeniceorofferamenitiestheywanted.Travelguides,likeMobil’spoppedupinthe1950s,butforthemostpartinformationremainedscarce.

Still,theunderlyingstoryofAirbnb,informationandthemajorhotelswillgetreplayedinlotsofindustriesinthenextfewyears:Massproductionandsamenessmeansafetywheninformation,intimacyandtrustdon’texist.AsinformationdeliveredgloballyandcheaplyovertheInternet,bringsbackintimacyandtrust,theadvantageofuniformityatscaleslipsaway.

41.Accordingtothepassage,Airbnbisahotelthatmightbe______.

42.Accordingtothepassage,thefutureofmassproductionwillbe______.

43.Accordingtothepassage,hotelchainswere______.

44.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofuniformityatscale______.

45.Whichofthefollowingmightbethetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.famous

B.unique

C.funky

D.luxurious

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.feasible

B.desirable

C.economic

D.dim

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theresultofscarceinformation

B.theresultofinternetage

C.exposedtotheconsumers

D.theexampleofAirbnb

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.willcreatealotofindustries

B.willdecreasecostandemploymore

C.willbestrengthenedbyintimacy

D.willbeweakenedbyinformation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheStylesofHotels.

B.TheChoiceofConsumers.

C.TheEndofMassProduction.

D.TheImportanceofinformation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“Airbnb是一個(gè)什么樣的酒店？”。Famous“著名的”，unique“獨(dú)特的”，funky“時(shí)髦的”，luxurious“奢侈的”；文章講的是Airbnb宣布要趕超主流的連鎖酒店，通篇并沒有提及到它很著名或者獨(dú)特的地方，所以A、B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；第二段第二句話提到Airbnbisbecomingmuchmorethanawaytospend$26anighttosleepinLondon…（Airbnb酒店正變得不僅僅是一種在倫敦每晚花26美元與其他幾個(gè)人一起過夜的方式），由此可以看出Airbnb并非奢侈，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；而第二段第一句話提到ButwhenCEOBrianCheskylaidouthisthinkingformewhilesittingonabarrelinAirbnb’snew,funkyheadquartersinSanFrancisco（但當(dāng)首席執(zhí)行官BrianChesky坐在位于舊金山的新和時(shí)髦的Airbnb總部的木桶上向我闡述他的想法時(shí)），由此可知Airbnb總部是newandfunky，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“未來大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)將會(huì)……？”。Feasible“可行的”，desirable“令人滿意的”，economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)的”，dim“暗淡的”；第四段提到Itallpointstothesameidea:Informationtechnologyiserodingthepoweroflarge-scalemassproduction…（所有這些都指向同一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：信息技術(shù)正在侵蝕大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的力量。相反，我們正在走向一個(gè)由大量提供獨(dú)特產(chǎn)品的小生產(chǎn)商和拒絕大量生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)者組成的世界。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、軟件、3D打印、社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)、云計(jì)算和其他技術(shù)正在使其在經(jīng)濟(jì)上可行——實(shí)際上是可取的），由此可以推斷出，批量生產(chǎn)的未來是暗淡的，信息技術(shù)會(huì)逐漸侵蝕大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，因此該題選D正確。

43.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“連鎖酒店是……？”。由第五段第二句ThereisafundamentaltruthaboutbighotelchainsthatisonlynowbeingexposedintheInternetage:Hotelchainsgrewoutofalackofinformation.（關(guān)于大型連鎖酒店，有一個(gè)基本事實(shí)，而這個(gè)事實(shí)只有在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代才得以暴露，那就是：連鎖酒店產(chǎn)生于信息匱乏），可知連鎖酒店是信息缺乏的結(jié)果，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“規(guī)模一致性的優(yōu)勢(shì)會(huì)……？”。末段最后一句AsinformationdeliveredgloballyandcheaplyovertheInternet,bringsbackintimacyandtrust,theadvantageofuniformityatscaleslipsaway.（隨著信息通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在全球范圍內(nèi)以低廉的價(jià)格傳遞，人們會(huì)重新獲得隱私感和信任，規(guī)模一致的優(yōu)勢(shì)就會(huì)消失），由此可知規(guī)模一致的優(yōu)勢(shì)將會(huì)被信息削弱，所以D選項(xiàng)“被信息削弱”符合。A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造許多工廠”、B選項(xiàng)“減少成本雇傭更多的員工”、C選項(xiàng)“通過隱私獲得加強(qiáng)”都不是規(guī)模一致性優(yōu)勢(shì)的結(jié)果。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“下面選項(xiàng)中最適合的標(biāo)題是什么？”。通篇文章是通過談?wù)摼W(wǎng)絡(luò)信息時(shí)代和連鎖酒店的發(fā)展，論述了批量生產(chǎn)的未來的暗淡。A選項(xiàng)“酒店風(fēng)格”，全文并沒有就酒店的風(fēng)格進(jìn)行討論；B選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者的選擇”，文中只是提及了我們會(huì)走向這樣一個(gè)世界，消費(fèi)者會(huì)拒絕批量大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的商品，全篇沒有就這事論述；D選項(xiàng)“信息的重要性”，文章圍繞信息和連鎖酒店來對(duì)比，體現(xiàn)了在未來人們會(huì)更加依賴于網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息，但是文章主旨還是闡述未來大批量生產(chǎn)行業(yè)的暗淡，所以C選項(xiàng)最符合。

14.單選題

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen'sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,Ms.Holmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn’tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.”Womengetinandoutofcarstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelytheycangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily".

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk"Historicallythemanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays".

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairout,IsatonitquitenaturallysinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

"Well,"mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,"youdiditagain?'

"Didwhat?’，Iasked,utterlyconfused

"Tookthechair"

Actually,sincePdwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward.Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirstafterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomebadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（

）.

2.Bysaying"youdiditagain”,theauthor'swifemeansthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOT