考研考博-英語-麗水學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-麗水學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Thebusthat______outsidetheinnwouldsoontakethevisitorsdowntown.

問題1選項

A.heldback

B.setforth

C.gotdown

D.pulledup

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項holdback“隱藏，退縮”，B項setforth“提出，出發(fā)，宣布”，C項getdown“吞下，使沮喪”，D項pullup“拔起，停下來，阻止”。根據(jù)關鍵詞bus“公交”和wouldsoontakethevisitorsdowntown“會很快把游客帶到市中心”，可知，D選項符合語境。句意：公共汽車停在旅館外面，很快就會把游客們送到市中心去。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.單選題

Themoonisnotaplanet（）theplanetsinmanyrespects.

問題1選項

A.resembling

B.whichresembles

C.butresemblanceto

D.althoughitresembles

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞not和inmanyrespect可知此句句意為：盡管月球在許多方面與行星相似，但它不是行星。因此D項符合句意和語法。

3.單選題

TheexistingchildprotectionlawsinChinadoallowforabusiveparents（）oftheircustodyrights,buttheydonotincludedetailsonimplementation.

問題1選項

A.deprive

B.tobedeprived

C.todeprive

D.beingdeprived

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結構，Theexistingchildprotectionlaws為句子的主語，allowfor作謂語，所以空格的部分應該要填入非謂語動詞，用來修飾前句的名詞laws，因為動詞deprive與其邏輯主語laws之間存在被動關系，選項A和C可排除。又根據(jù)空格中的動作發(fā)生在將來，所以選用動詞不定式表將來。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Yourkindnessingiving（

）totheconsiderationoftheaboveproblemwillbehighly

appreciated.

問題1選項

A.priority

B.advantage

C.importance

D.authority

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。priority意為“優(yōu)先，優(yōu)先權”；advantage意為“優(yōu)勢”；importance意為“重要性，重大”；authority意為“權威”。句意：如果您會優(yōu)先考慮上述問題，我們將深表感謝。

5.單選題

Hehadthegoodfortuneto（

）withProf.Wangfor3years.

問題1選項

A.study

B.bestudying

C.havestudied

D.havebeenstudying

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。由時間狀語“for3years”可知該句應該用完成時，故排除AB兩項，學習與主語之間是主動的關系，故C項正確。句意：他有幸與王教授一起學習了3年。

6.單選題

Throughouthistorymanhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentinordertoimprovehiswayoflife.

Withthetoolsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.Hehastransformedwoodlandsintofarmland,andmadelakesandreservoirsoutofriversforirrigationpurposeorhydroelectricpower.Manhasalsomodifiedthefaceoftheearthbydrainingmarshesandcuttingthroughmountainstobuildroadsandrailways.However,man’schangestophysicalenvironmenthavenotalwayshadbeneficialresults.Today,pollutionoftheairandwaterisanincreasingdangertothehealthoftheplanet.Eachdaythousandsoftonscomeoutoftheexhaustsofmotorvehicles;smokefromfactoriespollutestheairofindustrializedareasandthesurroundingareasofcountryside.Theairincitiesisbecomingincreasinglyunhealthy.

Thepollutionofwaterisequallyharmful.Inthesea,pollutionfromoilisincreasingandiskillingenormousnumbersofalgae（水藻）,fishandbirds.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheseaisbeingchanged.Thesameproblemexistsinrivers.Industrialwasteshavealreadymademanyriverslifeless.

Conservationistsbelievethatitisnownecessaryformantolimitthegrowthoftechnologyinordertosurviveonearth.

1.Manhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentwithaviewto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,pollutionoftheairandwateriscausedby（）.

3.Theecologicalbalanceoftheseaislostwhen（）.

4.Whowouldmostprobablydisagreewithconservationists??

5.Thepurposeofthewriteris（）.

問題1選項

A.alteringthephysicalfeatureoftheearth

B.betteringhiswayoflife

C.improvinghissurroundings

D.modifyingthefaceoftheplanet

問題2選項

A.thousandsoftonsofgasescomingoutoftheexhaustsofmotorvehicles

B.thechangesoftheenvironmentthattechnologyhasbroughttoman

C.theincreasingamountofoilthathasbeenproduced

D.industrialwastesdischargedintorivers

問題3選項

A.peopleconsumemorefishthantheyusedto

B.theecologicalbalanceoftheriverislost

C.largenumbersofalgae,fishandbirdsarekilled

D.theproductionofmarinepetroleumisincreased

問題4選項

A.Industrialists.

B.Ecologists.

C.Businessmen.

D.Environmentalists.

問題5選項

A.toreducemoderntechnology

B.toimproveman’swayoflife

C.towarnpeoplenottochangethenaturalenvironment

D.tocallattentiontotheprotectionofthenaturalenvironment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段Throughouthistorymanhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentinordertoimprovehiswayoflife.縱觀歷史，人類改變自然環(huán)境以改善生活方式。故B項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段Withthetoolsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.借助科技工具，人類改變了地球的許多物理特征。以及However,man’schangestophysicalenvironmenthavenotalwayshadbeneficialresults.Today,pollutionoftheairandwaterisanincreasingdangertothehealthoftheplanet.然而，人類對自然環(huán)境的改變并不總是帶來有益的結果。今天，空氣和水的污染對地球的健康造成越來越嚴重的威脅。可知水污染和空氣污染是由于人類借助科技改變了自然環(huán)境造成的。故B項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第三段“Thepollutionofwaterisequallyharmful.Inthesea,pollutionfromoilisincreasingandiskillingenormousnumbersofalgae,fishandbirds.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheseaisbeingchanged.水的污染也同樣有害。在海里,石油污染增加,造成大量的藻類(水藻),魚和鳥死亡。整個海洋的生態(tài)平衡正在被改變?！笨芍孱?、魚和鳥的大量死亡導致海洋生態(tài)失衡。故C項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Conservationistsbelievethatitisnownecessaryformantolimitthegrowthoftechnologyinordertosurviveonearth.自然資源保護論者認為，為了在地球上生存，人類現(xiàn)在有必要限制科技的發(fā)展?！笨芍匀毁Y源保護論者認為要限制科技的發(fā)展，而阻礙科技的發(fā)展不利于工業(yè)的發(fā)展，所以工業(yè)家很可能會發(fā)對這個觀點。故A項正確。

5.作者意圖題。本文主要講述了環(huán)保的重要性，從空氣污染，到水污染，再到破壞整個生態(tài)平衡。所有的這些都是在呼吁大家來保護地球，保護我們的生存壞境。故D項正確。

7.單選題

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession".ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn'tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen'se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit"open-sourceintelligence",andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasits.merelyoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying（covering-nationsfromChiletoRussiA.tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.M.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster'sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine."Assoonasthatreportruns,we'llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,"saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor."Andwe'llhearbackfromsomeofthem."Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That'swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagencieschancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas（）.

2.ThetextmentionsDonovan'sstoryto（）.

3.Themostprobablemeaningof"makingthebiggestsplash"（Line1,Paragraph3）is（）.

4.Paragraph4suggeststhat（）.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits（）.

問題1選項

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

問題2選項

A.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.introducethetopicofonlinespying

問題3選項

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

問題4選項

A.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford'sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitford'spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

問題5選項

A.officialstatus

B.efficientstaff

C.nonconformistimage

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由原文第一段最后一句“ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.”可知，網(wǎng)絡已經(jīng)改變了購書和寄信等日常消遣方式，也正在重塑多諾萬的職業(yè)。而有上文可知，多諾萬早前從事的是情報工作，所以網(wǎng)絡的出現(xiàn)重塑了情報工作。因此，本題正確答案為B選項。

2.推理判斷題。文章的開始通過介紹多諾萬的故事引入了話題“網(wǎng)絡的出現(xiàn)重塑了情報工作”。之后又介紹了網(wǎng)絡對于信息搜集和分享的影響，由此可以判斷作者提到多諾萬的故事就是為了引入話題。故本題正確答案為D選項“引入網(wǎng)上間諜的話題”。

3.詞匯題。通過上下文語境以及句意可知，這家公司在情報分析領域名聲大噪，取得了巨大成功。因此C選項含義與“makingthebiggestsplash”含義最為接近，都表示取得了很大成功，因此本題正確答案為C選項。

4.推理判斷題。由原文第四段可知，網(wǎng)絡是一種信息收集和發(fā)布相互強化的工具。公司可以從世界的角落收集數(shù)據(jù)，而在發(fā)布相關報告后，又會有人予以回復，反饋最新情況，所以由此可知，網(wǎng)絡的存在使得Straiford公司能夠提供可靠有可信度的信息。因此本文正確答案為A選項。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由原文最后一句“Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.”可知，斯特雷福德為自己的獨立聲音感到自豪。說明斯特雷福德公司敢于發(fā)聲，不落俗套，從不墨守成規(guī)。因此本題正確答案為C選項。

8.單選題

FinallythedirtroadinMainewasleadinghome.Thetiretouchedthefirstprofanityofpavement,andsubtlymyvacationbeganslippingaway.

BythefirstFinallythedirtroadinMainewasleadinghome.Thetiretouchedthefirstprofanityofpavement,tollboothmystateofmindhadshiftedfromneutraltofirstgear.BythetimeIhadpassedallmyfavoritelandmarks,thesigntoBiddeford,thebridgelabeledCatMousamRoad—Ihadslowlyandreluctantlybeguntorelocatemysenseofplace,mysenseofvalues.

Iwasgoingback,tolistsandalarmclocksandstockingsandschoollunchesandalltheexternalpressuresofthelifeknownascivilization.IwasgoingbacktothingsIhadtodo.

Thistimeeventheskiesdividedthesetwohalvesofmylife.AlongRoute95,acurtainofalmostimpenetrablerainseparatedoneworldfromtheother.Thedaybefore,thisrainontheroofofthehousewouldhavebeenacomfortingboundarytotheday,apredictionofreadingandfires.Now,therainonthewindshieldofthecarwasahassle,achallengetoovercome.

Iturneduptheradio,soIcouldhearthefinalinstallmentofJaneEyreoverthepeltingrain,andthoughtaboutthesedifferentrhythmsthatmarkmyownlife,markofourlives.LeftbehindwasaworldinwhichIsimplylivedaccordingtoitspatterns.AheadofmewastheworldofagendasandproblemsthatIwasexpectedtoencounterandresolve.

Wasitcountryversuscity?Leisureversuswork?Natureversushumanenvironment?Bothandneither.Vacationisastateofmindasmuchasastateofunion.

FortwoandhalfweeksinMainIwatchedthesky,thecove,thecormorantsandaseagullwiththegalltostealchickenoffourbarbecue.IamtoldthatIbecameanaccomplishedmudwatcher,sittingontheporch,watchingthebottomofthecoveoflowtideforhours.IpridedmyselfondevelopingahobbyrarelylistedinWho'sWho,Ibecameafinestick-in-the-mud.

Tome,anurbanwomanwholivesmuchofherlifeaccordingtootherpeople'sdeadlinesanddemands,thiswasachancetoliterallyvacatetheworldofschedulesandstruggles.

Ididnot,donot,usemyvacationtoclimbmountains,shootrapidsorfulfillitinerariesofsometravelagent.Ipreferredtodriftalongrayinclinationdownthroughthecircleofgoalstothemudofacceptance.

Iwascontentwiththeharmonywecalldoingnothing.Therewasasenseoflettinggotbeingateasewithtimeratherthanatoddswithit,Iwallowedintheunder-standingthattherewasnothingthathadtobedonebeyondwatchingtheclothesdryandcastingformackerel.

ButIwasalsoreturning.Returningtotheenergy,thestructure,thedemands,thepressure,Ialsochoseengagement.

Thereare,Isuppose,thesetwosidestoallofus.Thesidethatwallowslikeanyriserorganismintheworld,andtheothersidethatseekssomepurpose"above"that.Thesidethatfeelsmostcontentinnature,andtheothersidethatfeelsmoreenergized"ontopoftheworld."

Iamawareofthisduality,theurgetowatchthemud,theurgetobuildsomethingoutofit.Ourpeculiarhumancreativitydoesn'tcomefromharmonybutfromwrestlingwithchaosaswell.Everypoemandeverybuildingwaswrestedoutofmaterialbypeoplewhorefusedtoacceptthingsastheywere.

Toooftenweworkbyclocksinsteadofsunsetsandbecomemoreattunedtoairconditioningthantheconditionoftheair.Butthereisalsoinallthisthechallengeandenergyandpleasureofaccomplishment.

Atonetime,Ithoughttheseworldswereatodds,thatwehadtochooseengagementordisengagement,acceptingoraccomplishment,watchingthemudorbuildingwithit.

Buttravelingthiskindofroadagainandagain,Irealizedthattheyarejusttwodestinations,pointsalongapathofdirtandpavement.Nowitisthetensionthatintriguesme.Thesearchforabalancebetweencomfortandpurposefulness,betweenacceptingthingsandstrugglingwiththem.

Drivinghome,Iwasreluctanttoleaveonefortheother,reluctanttoputonmycityclothesofpurposeandstructure.ButIknewthatIwasluckytobeacommuter.

36.Inthefirstfewparagraphstheauthor（）.

37.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewaytheauthorspendshervacation?

38.Allofthefollowingsignifytheauthor'stwodifferentworldsEXCEPT（）

39.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

40.Whatdoestheauthormostprobablymeanwhenshesaysshewasluckytobeacommuter?

問題1選項

A.reflectedonhervacation

B.mentallyswitchedvacationtocitylife

C.marveledatwhatcitylifecouldoffer

D.reconciledcountrylifewithcitylife

問題2選項

A.Hastily.

B.Creatively.

C.Restlessly.

D.Relaxedly.

問題3選項

A.thefinalinstilmentofJaneEyreandthepeltingrain(para.5)

B.feelingcontentinnatureandfeelingmoreenergized“ontopoftheworld"(para.12)

C.peculiarhumancreativityandwrestlingwithchaos(para.13)

D.comfortandpurposefulness(para.16)

問題4選項

A.theauthoroftentakesvacation

B.theauthor'shometownisinMaine

C.theauthorhatesskyscrapers

D.theauthorhatestravelingonarainyday

問題5選項

A.Shewasabletochooseengagementordisengagement.

B.ShewasabletomoveherhometoMaineinthefuture.

C.Shewasabletostrikeabalancebetweennaturallifeandhumanlife.

D.Shewasabletochooseonelifeovertheother.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】36.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“firstfewparagraphs”可將信息點定位至原文開篇前幾段。根據(jù)“l(fā)eadinghome”“myvacationbeganslippingaway”“Iwasgoingback…”即可得出本題答案。

37.

觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“thewaytheauthorspendshervacation”，本題設問是作者對其假期的態(tài)度。根據(jù)原文第七段作者對其假期生活的詳細描述以及“achancetoliterallyvacatetheworldofschedulesandstruggles.”“asenseoflettinggotbeingateasewithtime”等，即可得出本題答案。

38.

細節(jié)推斷題。作者在文中多次提到了城市生活和假期生活“兩個世界”的對比，注意題干關鍵詞“except”，選項C并未體現(xiàn)出兩者的對比。從而得出本題答案。

39.事實推斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段最后一句“ButIknewthatIwasluckytobeacommuter.”中的“commuter”指的是來往“work”和“vacation”。即可進行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

40.

細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞，可將信息點定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“reluctanttoleaveonefortheother”可知作者認為假期生活與城市生活同等重要，要保持二者的平衡。從而得出本題答案。

9.單選題

ProfessorSmith’snewinventionhascreatedagreat______onthecampus.

問題1選項

A.sensation

B.selection

C.imitation

D.irrigation

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項sensation“感覺，轟動”，B項selection“選擇，挑選”，C項imitation“模仿，仿造”，D項irrigation“灌溉”。根據(jù)句子關鍵詞newinvention“新發(fā)明”可知，空格處填入A項符合語境。句意：史密斯教授的新發(fā)明在校園里引起了很大的轟動。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

10.單選題

Theguiltyverdictwaswidelyexpected,althoughharsherthanmanyhadpredicted.

問題1選項

A.jury

B.crime

C.convict

D.judgment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。verdict表示“結論，裁定”。A項jury“陪審團”，B項crime“罪行”，C項convict“罪犯”，D項judgment“意見，判斷力”；句意：有罪判決是普遍預期的，盡管比許多人預期的要嚴厲。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

11.單選題

TheyearsfollowingthepublicationofDarwin’sworkhaveseenafabulousdevelopmentofgeneralandhumanpaleontology.

問題1選項

A.distinctive

B.parallel

C.marvelous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.distinctive獨特的，特別的B.parallel極相似的，同時發(fā)生的

C.marvelous極好的，非凡的D.unique獨特的，罕見的

【答案】C

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】fabulous的意思為“極好的，絕妙的；很大的，巨大的”，用來形容development，指的是古生物學和人類古生物學發(fā)展得特別好，非常迅速，marvelous與之詞義相近，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】在達爾文發(fā)表著作幾年后，古生物學和人類古生物學都取得了驚人的進展。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingChinesepassageintoEnglish

全球化對發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家都是一個挑戰(zhàn)。隨著全球化的發(fā)展，世界各國之間的經(jīng)濟合作不斷加強。中國擁有一個13億人口的大市場，會為拉動世界的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供可觀的動力。中國還要大規(guī)模開展基礎設施的建設，改造和提升工業(yè)企業(yè)裝備水平，還要不斷提高農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)和加工能力。這些都需要在國際合作的環(huán)境中才能實現(xiàn)，各國之間不斷擴大的經(jīng)貿(mào)和各領域的合作關系，有助于推動世界經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。

【答案】Globalizationisachallengeforboththedevelopedanddevelopingcountries.Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,theeconomiccooperationamongcountriesaroundtheworldhasbeenstrengthenedconstantly.Chinahasamarketasbigas1.3billionpeople,whichwillgivesubstantialimpetustoboosttheworldeconomy.Chinawillcontinueitslarge-scaleinfrastructureprogram,upgradeitsindustrialequipmentandimproveitsagriculturalproductionaswellasprocessingcapability.Alltheaboverequiresanenvironmentofinternationalcooperation.Cooperationamongcountriesaroundtheworldineconomyandtradeandalsoinotherfieldsareconducivetothegrowthoftheworldeconomy.

13.單選題

Ifwefindthegenesthatcontrolthehumanbodyclock，wecanperhapsslowthemdownandextendhumanlife（）alittle.

問題1選項

A.expectation

B.terminal

C.expectancy

D.range

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項expectation“希望，期望”，B選項terminal“航空站，終點站”，C選項expectancy“期待，期望”，D選項range“范圍，變化”，句意：如果我們能找到控制人體生物鐘的基因，我們或許就能放慢它們的速度，并稍微延長人類的壽命。因此，D選項符合句意。

14.單選題

African-Americanwomenpoetsalso（）totheliteraryachievementoftheHarlemRenaissance,particularlyintheirarticulationofrace,classandgenderissues.

問題1選項

A.contributed

B.approached

C.adapted

D.elevated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:非裔美國女性詩人也對哈萊姆文藝復興吋期的文學成就做出了貢獻，尤其是她們在種族、階級和性別問題上的表達。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應動詞的過去式。contribute貢獻，出力，投稿，捐獻；approach接近，著手處理；adapt使適應，改編；elevate提升，維起，振奮情緒等。

15.單選題

Thehistoryofmodernpollutionproblemsshowsthatmosthaveresultedfromnegligenceandignorance.Wehaveashockingtendencytointerferewithnaturebeforeallofthepossibleconsequencesofouractionshavebeenstudiedindepth.Weproduceanddistributeradioactivesubstances,syntheticchemicals,andmanyofotherpowerfulcompoundsbeforefullycomprehendingtheireffectsonlivingorganisms.Oureducationisdangerouslyincomplete.

Itwillbearguedthatthepurposeofscienceistomoveintounknownterritory,toexplore,andtodiscover.Itcanbesaidthatsimilarriskshavebeentakenbefore,andthoserisksarenecessarytotechnologicalprogress.

Theseargumentsoverlookanimportantelement.Inthepast,riskstakeninthenameofscientificprogresswererestrictedtoasmallplaceandabriefperiodoftime.TheeffectsoftheprocesseswenowstrivetomasterareneitherIdealizednorbrief.Airpollutioncoversvasturbanareas.Oceanpollutantshavebeendiscoveredinnearlyeverypartoftheworld.Syntheticchemicalsspreadoverhugestretchesofforestandfarmlandmayremaininthesoilfordecades.Radioactivepollutantswillbefoundinthebiosphereforgenerations.Thesizeandpersistenceoftheseproblemshavegrownwiththeexpandingpowerofmodernscience.

Onemightalsoarguethatthehazardsofmodernpollutantsaresmallcomparedwiththedangersassociatedwithotherhumanactivity.Noestimateoftheactualharmdonebysmog,fallout,orchemicalresiduescanobscuretherealitythattherisksarebeingtakenbeforebeingfullyunderstood.

Theimportanceoftheseissuesliesinthefailureofsciencetopredictandcontrolhumaninterventionintonaturalprocesses.Thetruemeasureofdangerisrepresentedbythehazardswewillencounterifweenterthenewageoftechnologywithoutfirstevaluatingourresponsibilitytotheenvironment.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,themajorcauseofpollutionistheresultof（

）

.

2.Accordingtothepassage,therisksbroughtaboutbymodernsciencearegreaterthanthosebyearlierscientificeffortsbecause（

）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,thekeytothesettlementofthemodernpollutionliesin（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthattheattitudeofscientiststowardspollutionhasbeen（

）

.

問題1選項

A.astrongdesiretomoveintounknownterritory

B.alackofunderstandingthehistoryoftechnology

C.designingsyntheticchemicalstokilllivingorganisms

D.changingourenvironmentwithoutfullyconsideringrisks

問題2選項

A.theeffectsmaybefeltbymorepeopleforalongertime

B.technologyhasproducedmoredangerouschemicals

C.scienceisprogressingfasterthaneverbefore

D.themodernpollutantshavebeenlocalized

問題3選項

A.theexpansionofmodernscience

B.thedisposalofpotentialpollutants

C.theawarenessofourresponsibility

D.thehumaninterferencewithnature

問題4選項

A.naive

B.concerned

C.worried

D.nonchalant

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的一二句可知,現(xiàn)代污染問題的歷史表明,大多數(shù)是由于疏忽和無知造成的。我們有一種令人震驚的傾向,即在深入研究我們的行為可能產(chǎn)生的后果之前就干預自然。也就是說,在沒有充分考慮風險的情況下就改變環(huán)境。選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三的內(nèi)容可知,在過去,以科學進步的名義所冒的風險被限制在一個小地方和處于短期時間內(nèi)。我們現(xiàn)在努力掌握的工序的效果既不理想,也不會是短暫的。隨著現(xiàn)代科學力量的不斷擴大,這些（污染）問題的規(guī)模和持久性也在不斷擴大。選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Thetruemeasureofdangerisrepresentedbythehazardswewillencounterifweenterthenewageoftechnologywithoutfirstevaluatingourresponsibilitytotheenvironment.”如果我們進入技術的新時代而不首先評估我們對環(huán)境的責任,我們將遇到真正的危險。所以說,解決現(xiàn)代污染的關鍵在于我們的責任感。選項C正確。

4.雖然文中并沒有提及科學家們,但文章在第三段和第五段提及,現(xiàn)代科學進步,污染問題卻越來越嚴重,說明科學家們沒有引起足夠的重視,所以他們的態(tài)度是冷漠的,漠不關心的。選項D正確。

16.單選題

Mosttraditionalfolksongsareofanonymousorigin.

問題1選項

A.insignificant

B.inconspicuous

C.unusual

D.unknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。anonymous表示“匿名的，無名的”；A項insignificant“無關緊要的”，B項inconspicuous“不起眼的，不引起注意的”，C項unusual“不尋常的，與眾不同的”，D項unknown“未知的”。句意：大多數(shù)的傳統(tǒng)民間歌曲的作者都無從得知。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

17.單選題

Aftertheexamination,thedoctor（

）aprescriptionforme.

問題1選項

A.wroteout

B.wrotein

C.wrotedown

D.wroteoff

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。writeout“寫出，寫下”；writein“寫信提出（要求）”；writedown寫下，記下；writeoff勾銷，取消。句意：醫(yī)生給我檢查完身體后，迅速給我開了處方。此句句意為寫出處方。答案A

18.單選題

TheannualPhiDeltaKappa/GalluppollofattitudestowardspubliceducationreleasedthisweekfoundthatamajorityofAmericansfeelitisimportanttoputa“qualified,competentteacherineveryclassroom”.BobChase,presidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation（NEA.,themainteachers’union,wastednotimeinpointingoutthatthiswillrequireraisingteachers’salariessothatmorequalifiedcandidateswillentertheprofessionandstaythere.AstudybytwoeconomistssuggeststhatthequalityofAmerica’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch.

ThepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformanceinstead,itisdeterminedbyarigidformulabasedonexperienceandyearsofschoolingfactorsmassivelyunimportantindecidinghowwellstudentsdo.Theuniformpayscaleinviteswhatecono