考研考博-英語-嘉應(yīng)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-嘉應(yīng)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor（1）inyourworkwoulddepend,to

（2）

greatextent,

（3）

yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.（4）theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Apersonwhobeginsajob

（5）

thatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris

（6）

thatheisgoingtoallisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhis

（7）

thatheisprobablyascapable

（8）doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptasit

（9）

acertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.Havingthe

（10）

skillsforaparticularjobisstrength.

（11）

thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan’t

（12）

racarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasawishopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize

（13）

thestrengthandovercomethe

（14）

thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butforyour

（15）

,youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow.

（16）

wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe

（17）

insomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening

（18）

kills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpauseto

（19）

yourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your

（20）,yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.

問題1選項

A.improvement

B.victory

C.failure

D.achievement

問題2選項

A.a

B.the

C.som

D.certain

問題3選項

A.in

B.on

C.of

D.to

問題4選項

A.In

B.Of

C.From

D.Out

問題5選項

A.convinced

B.imagined

C.understood

D.dreamed

問題6選項

A.ensure

B.sure

C.uncertain

D.surely

問題7選項

A.understanding

B.subject

C.idea

D.belief

問題8選項

A.to

B.at

C.of

D.for

問題9選項

A.risks

B.makes

C.reduces

D.possesses

問題10選項

A.prerequisite

B.educational

C.manual

D.basic

問題11選項

A.Having

B.Holding

C.Lacking

D.Loosing

問題12選項

A.read

B.think

C.write

D.add

問題13選項

A.except

B.but

C.for

D.on

問題14選項

A.difficulty

B.weakness

C.strength

D.advantage

問題15選項

A.fortune

B.development

C.luck

D.loan

問題16選項

A.As

B.Since

C.Over

D.Out

問題17選項

A.calculating

B.moving

C.drilling

D.dealing

問題18選項

A.typing

B.working

C.learning

D.emailing

問題19選項

A.examine

B.throw

C.calculate

D.value

問題20選項

A.intelligence

B.work

C.attitude

D.weakness

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】（1）考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處的Successor46與后面的yourstrengthsandweaknesses（優(yōu)勢和劣勢）相對應(yīng)，success（成功）對應(yīng)的詞是failure（失?。?，因此選C。

（2）考查固定搭配。toagreatextent為固定搭配，意為“很大程度上，非常”。

（3）考查固定搭配。此處可將“toagreatextent”看作一個插入語，dependon為固定搭配，意為“依賴，依靠”。

（4）考查介詞辨析。of與名詞連用，表示具有某種性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，位于句首，表示強調(diào)。正常語序為：Yourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.（beof+名詞）

（5）考查動詞辨析。convince意為“使確信，使相信”；imagine意為“想象，設(shè)想”；understand意為“理解”；dream意為“夢想”。此處表示“如果一個人剛開始工作的人就確信自己不會喜歡……”。

（6）考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主語he，besurethat后面加從句，此處表示“或肯定不適應(yīng)這項工作”。

（7）考查固定搭配。inone’sbelief為固定搭配，意為“相信”。

（8）考查固定搭配。capableofdoing為固定搭配，意為“有能力做某事，能夠做某事”。

（9）考查動詞辨析。risk意為“危險，冒險”；make意為“做”；reduce意為“減少”；possess意為“擁有，具有”。

（10）考查形容詞辨析。prerequisite意為“先決條件，前提”；educational意為“教育的”；意為“手工的，體力的”；basic意為“基本的”。此處表示“擁有某項工作的必要技能是一個優(yōu)勢”。

（11）考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前句的“擁有某項工作的必要技能是一個優(yōu)勢”可知此處表示“____這些技能顯然是一個弱勢”，having（擁有）與lacking（缺少）相對應(yīng)，因此選C。

（12）考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處列舉一些職業(yè)需要相對應(yīng)的技能，因此主語bookkeeper（記賬人，簿記員）需要會運算相關(guān)方面的能力，因此選D，add意為“加法”。

（13）考查固定搭配。capitalizeon意為“充分利用某事物”。

（14）考查邏輯關(guān)系。由前面的“利用優(yōu)勢”可知此處表示“克服缺點”，因此選B。

（15）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面的“你必須首先評估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境”可知此處表示“但為了你的發(fā)展”更符合語意，因此選B，development意為“發(fā)展，進步”。

（16）考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知“61wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe...”為兩個簡單句，需要有連詞連接，over與out不是連詞，since作連詞，意為“從……以后，由于，既然”，as作連詞，意為“隨著，由于”，此處表示“隨著更深入的閱讀”，因此選A。

（17）考查動詞辨析。calculate意為“計算”；move意為“移動，搬動”；drill意為“訓練，演習”；deal意為“處理，涉及，論述”。此處表示“我們將更詳細論述發(fā)展和加強學習技能的具體過程”，因此選D。

（18）考查動詞關(guān)系。此處表示“學習技能”，因此選C。

（19）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow（你必須首先評估一下你現(xiàn)在的處境）可知此處表示“檢測你現(xiàn)在的優(yōu)勢和劣勢”，因此選A，examine意為“檢查，調(diào)查”。

（20）考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的“49theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此處選C，與文章前面的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。

2.單選題

heflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement,（

）.

問題1選項

A.whichencouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

B.whichencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

C.encouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

D.thatencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句考查非限制性定語從句。主句是Theflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement，后面which作為關(guān)系代詞指代thefeministmovement，在從句中作為主語，意思是“女權(quán)運動鼓勵女性去提高她們在就業(yè)市場的技能”，故正確答案選B。

3.單選題

Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher（）attitudetowardcustomers.

問題1選項

A.impartial

B.mild

C.hostile

D.opposing

【答案】C

【解析】impartial公正的；mild溫順的；hostile不友好的；opposing反對的。句意：因為售貨員對顧客不友好的態(tài)度,

老板對她投去責備的目光。選項C符合句意。

4.單選題

Asculturesaremergedandtraditionslost,immigrantswillcometobeassimilated.

問題1選項

A.eliminated

B.revoked

C.modified

D.blended

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。merge表示“合并，融合”。A項eliminate“消除”，B項revoke“撤回，取消”，C項modify“修飾”，D項blend“混合，協(xié)調(diào)”；句意：隨著文化的融合和傳統(tǒng)的喪失，移民將會被同化。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

5.單選題

Themeetingwas（

）bytheNationalAssociationofWomenforthepurposeoffurtheringthewomen’sliberationmovement.

問題1選項

A.chaired

B.sponsored

C.participated

D.assigned

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。chair意為“擔任（會議、討論等的）主席，主持（會議、討論等）”；sponsor意為“贊助（活動、節(jié)目）等，主辦，舉辦”；participate意為“參加，參與”；assign意為“分派，選派，分配”。

句意：會議由全國婦女協(xié)會主辦，目的是促進婦女解放運動。

6.單選題

Therearethreegeneralmethodspeopleusetoexplainandunderstandtheirworld:beliefs,pseudo-science,andscience.

Whatarebeliefs?Well,simplyput,beliefsarewhatyoubelievetobetrue.Inthisfirstmethodofinterpretingmanandtheworld,certainpeopleprovedtheinformationabouthowtheworldworks.Theirteachingsarebeyondquestion.Theirfollowersacceptthesebeliefsbecausetheywanttoacceptthem,notbecauseofscientificevidence.Someexamplesarereligions,suchasChristianity.ChristiansbelieveinoneGod,whocreatedtheuniverseandallthatisinit.TheybelievethatthisGodisactiveinhistory,guidingandteachingHispeople.Likemanyreligions,Christianityprovidesanumberofspecificmoralrulesandprinciplesthatmakeupanimportantpartofitsteachings.Superstitions,suchasFungShui,arealsocommonexamplesofbeliefs.

Pseudoscience,alsocalledfakescience,isanybodyorknowledge,methodology,belief,orpracticethatclaimstobescientificorismadetoappearscientific,butisactuallynot.Inpseudoscience,peopleacceptopinions,orchosetobelievecertainfactswhileintentionallyignoringothers,resultinginafalseunderstandingofthingsandevents.Beliefsinmagic,monsters,andghostsfallintothiscategory.BothChineseQigongandIndianYogaareverygoodphysicalexercisesthatcanhelptheirpractitionerskeepfit,butwhensomemagicalpower,theyareturningQigongorYogaintopseudoscience.Manypeoplefol?lowpseudosciencebecausebeliefinmagicormysteriouspowersisentertaining.Astrologyhasmillionsoffollowersallaroundtheworld,notbecauseithelpsthemdealwiththeworldinanybetterway,onlybe?causeitisjustfun.

Ofthethreemethods,onlyscienceprovidesarationalwayofunderstandingtheworlD.Itdoesnotprovideamoralsystemasreligiondoes,anditmaynotalwaysbeasentertainingaspseudosciencesometimesis,butitistheonlymethodthatrequiresconstanttestingoffacts,beliefsandideas,resultinginchangingtheoriesaswegetnewinformation.Scienceteachesustodrawconclusionsbasedonevidenceanditalsoteachesus"thatsomeevidenceisstrongerthanotherevidence,andhowtojudgetheevidence.Throughourstudyofscience,welearntoacceptuncertainty,toquestionfactsandtheories,andtosearchconstantlyfortruth.

MostofususeallthreemethodsindifferentproportionstoviewourworlD.Somescientistsbelieveintheorieswithoutsupportingevidence.Andthescientificmethodisoftenusedforunscientificpurposes.Butscienceistheonlymethodthatisconstantlychanging.Itdoesnotdependontheteachingsofoneman.Eachscientistbuildsontheworkofothersandhisfindings,inturn,areusedbyotherstoincreaseourknowledgeoftheworld.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeagoodtitleofthepassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutscience?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaboutpseudoscience?

5.Theword"astrology"(Paragraph3)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

問題1選項

A.ScienceandPseudoscience.

B.ReligionandScience.

C.Science,PseudoscienceandReligion.

D.DifferentWaysofViewingtheWorld.

問題2選項

A.Nobeliefsaresupportedbyscientificevidence.

B.Pseudosciencealwaysleadstofalseunderstandingofthingsorevents.

C.Scienceneverquestionsfacts.

D.Scientistsacceptnotingwithoutscientificevidence.

問題3選項

A.Scienceacceptsuncertainty.

B.Sciencedoesnotpushpeopletofollowanyspecificsetofmoralrules.

C.Scienceteachesustoweighdifferentevidence.

D.Scienceurgesusnottoacceptanybeliefsorideas.

問題4選項

A.Qigongispseudoscience.

B.Pseudoscienceprovidesnosupportingevidence.

C.Pseudosciencecanbeentertaining.

D.Pseudosciencehasnothingtodowithbeliefs.

問題5選項

A.studyofthepositionofstarsinthebeliefthattheyinfluencehumanaffairs

B.asetofmethodsusedindoingthingsefficientlyinourlife

C.centraldataprocessingunitofacomputerpopularlyusedtoday

D.scientificstudyoftheearth'scrust,rocks,etC.andofthehistoryofitsdevelopment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段提出了三個不同的世界觀,接下來分別進行具體闡述,最后進行總結(jié)。所以選項D正確,其他選項都比較片面,選項D正確,全文都是在描述看待世界的三種方法。

2.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第四句"Theirfollowersaccept...scientificevidence."他們的追隨者接受這些信仰,是因為他們愿意接受,而不是因為科學證據(jù)。所以選項A錯誤;根據(jù)第三段的第二句"Inpseudoscience,...,resultinginafalseunderstandingofthingsandevents."可知選項B正確;根據(jù)第四段的最后一句"Throughourstudyofscience,,...tosearchconstantlyfortruth."通過對科學的學習,我們學會了接受不確定性,質(zhì)疑事實和理論,不斷地尋找真理。所以選項C錯誤;選項D說法太絕對,所以不正確。只有選項B符合原文。

3.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句"Throughourstudyofscience,,...tosearchconstantlyfortruth."通過對科學的學習,我們學會了接受不確定性,質(zhì)疑事實和理論,不斷地尋找真理。選項A,B,C均正確;選項D中的belieforidea也就是指原文中的uncertainty,選項D與原文表述不符。

4.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段"BothChineseQigong...turningQigongorYogaintopseudoscience."可知選項A表述太絕對,氣功本身是好的,只是被某些居心不良的人加以利用了;根據(jù)第三段的第二句"Inpseudoscience,peopleacceptopinions,orchosetobelievecertainfacts..."可知偽科學會提供證據(jù),只不過這些證據(jù)不是科學證據(jù);根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句"Manypeoplefol?lowpseudoscience...isentertaining."可知選項C正確;根據(jù)第三段的第一句"Pseudoscience,...,isanybodyorknowledge,methodology,belief,orpractice..."可知選項D錯誤。所以本題選C。

5.詞義辨析題。astrology指"占星術(shù)",認為星星會影響人類而對星星的位置進行研究。選項A正確。

7.單選題

Healthexpertsrecommendleisurelymeals.

問題1選項

A.paidfor

B.deleted

C.gathered

D.regular

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。leisurely意為“不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的”；payfor意為“賠償，付款，為……付出代價”；delete意為“刪除”；gather意為“聚集，集合”；regular意為“規(guī)則的，有規(guī)律的”。

句意：健康專家建議從容飲食。

8.寫作題

Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,askinghimtocomeandstayforaweek-endwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:

(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;

(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;

(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;

(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;

(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.

【答案】DearTom,

IthasbeenalongtimesinceIlastseeyou!Howareyou,mydearfriend!

Recently,Iheardthatyouhavebeenthoughaterribletimeoflosingyourwife,allmyfamilyisverysadaboutthisgrievousnews.Weareallworryingaboutyou!

WerecentlyboughtariversidecottageatXXX,andbecauseitisspringnowandtheflowersarebloominghere,wesincerelyinviteyoutocomeheretohaveawonderfulweekend,wearesurethatthecountryairwillbegoodforyou.

YoucancatchatrainafterworkonFridayifyouwillcomehereandpleaseletmeknowtheexacttimeofyourarrival,Iwouldbeexpectingyouatthetrainstation.

Sincerely,yours9.單選題

Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Theclockworksallthetimeevenwhentherearenooutsidesignstomarkthepassingoftime.Thebiologicalclocktellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway.Andittellsanimalswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Itcontrolsbodytemperature,thereleaseofsomehormonesandevendreams.Thesenaturaldailyeventsarecircadianrhythms.

Manhasknownaboutthemforthousandsofyears.ButthefirstscientificobservationofCircadianrhythmswasnotmadeuntil1729.InthatyearFrenchastronomer,Jean-Jacquesd'OrtousdeMairan,notedthatoneofhisplantsopeneditsleavesatthesametimeeverymorning,andclosedthematthesametimeeverynight.Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime.

Laterscientistswonderedaboutcircadianrhythmsinhumans.Theylearnedthatman’sbiologicalclockactuallykeepstimewithadayofalittlelessthan25hoursinsteadofthe24hoursonaman-madeclock.

AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks.Thepeopleinhisexperimentsareshutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness.

ThelaboratoryisintheMontefioreHospitalinNewYorkCity.Ithastwolivingareaswiththreesmallroomsineach.Thewindowsarecovered,sonosunlightormoonlightcomesin.Therearenoradiosortelevisionreceivers.Thereisacontrolroombetweenthelivingareas.Itcontainscomputers,one-waycamerasandotherelectronicdevicesforobservingthepersoninthelivingarea.Theinstrumentsmeasureheartbeat,bodytemperature,hormonesintheblood,othersubstancesintheurineandbrainwavesduringsleep.

Adoctorormedicaltechnicianisondutyinthecontrolroom24hoursadayduringanexperiment.Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis.

Inthefirstfouryearsofresearch,Dr.Weitzmanandhisassistanthaveobserved16menbetweentheagesof21and80.Themenremainedinthelaboratoryforaslongassixmonths.Lastmonth,asciencereporterforTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper,DavaSobol,becamethefirstwomantotakepartintheexperiment.SheenteredthelaboratoryonJune13thandstayedfor25days.MissSobolwrotereportsabouttheexperimentduringthattime,whichwerepublishedintheNewspaper.

1.Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein（

）.

2.Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplantmaintainedtheiropening-and-closingcycles

（

）.

3.Thesentence“Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.”(InParagraph4)probablymeans

（

）.

4.IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhoisondutydoesnotworkthesametimeeachday

（

）.

5.WhatisMr.Weitzman’sultimatepurposeofestablishingalaboratory?

問題1選項

A.theregulationofbodytemperature

B.thesecretionofhormones

C.animalreproduction

D.manyaspectsofplantandanimalphysiology

問題2選項

A.evenwhenitwaskeptinamurkyplaceallday

B.evenifitwasplacedinthemoonlight

C.evenwhenhewasobservingitfromadarkplace

D.evenduringthenighttime

問題3選項

A.Theycanleadtheirdailylivesaccordingtotheirbiologicalclocks,withoutreferringtoaman-madeclock

B.Theycanlistentothewonderfulrhythmsofthebiologicalclockandliveclosetothem

C.Theycanlivebyregulatingtheirowncircadianrhythms

D.Theyarefreefromtheannoyingrhythmsofeverydaylife

問題4選項

A.inordertoobservetheabnormalbehaviorofthepeopleatdifferenttimes

B.soasnottoberecognizedbythepeople

C.soastoavoidindicatingtothepeoplewhattimeitiswhenhestartswork

D.soastoleavethepeople’scircadianrhythmsindisorder

問題5選項

A.Hewantedtohavehisexperimentreportpublishedinthenewspapers.

B.Peoplearefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.

C.Hewantedtofindawaytotreatpeople’sdiseases.

D.Hecouldgainsomereputationforthefirstscientificobservationofcircadianrhythms.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“生物鐘在什么方面扮演著非常重要的角色？”文章第一段第一句話提到“所有生物鐘都有一個控制其行為的內(nèi)在生物鐘”（Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior），接著提到生物鐘告訴植物什么時候開花。告訴動物什么時候進食，什么時候睡覺和清醒，這些都說明生物鐘能夠引導動植物的生理機能，因此選項D符合題意。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“法國科學家觀察到植物在何種情況下依然會遵循開與收的循環(huán)？”文章第二段提到“即使把這株植物放在一個全黑的環(huán)境，它依然會遵循這個規(guī)律”（Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime），因此，選項A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“第四段‘他們可以自由按照自己的生物規(guī)律生活’意味著什么？”文章第四段第一句提到“一位美國醫(yī)生建立了一個實驗室來研究我們的生物鐘如何運作”（AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks），由此可知選項A“他們可以按照自己的生物鐘而不用參考人為制造的時鐘來生活”符合題意。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在威茨曼先生的試驗里，負責的醫(yī)生同樣也不按照時鐘的時間工作的原因是什么？”文章第六段提到“他們（醫(yī)生）每天工作時間一樣不允許戴手表，所以實驗室的人都沒有時間概念”（Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis），選項C“為了防止他向其他人暗示時間”符合題意。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“威茨曼先生建立實驗室的最終目的是什么？”文章第四段最后一句提到“威茨曼先生希望他的研究能夠?qū)ΤＲ姷乃邌栴}、變老引起的失眠和精神疾病有治療效果”（Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness），選項C“他想找到一種治療疾病的方法”符合題意。

10.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

47.Whatistheauthormainlyconcernedwith?Theauthorisconcernedwith______.

48.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes“theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinparagraph2?

49.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

50.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

問題1選項

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical

問題3選項

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodernart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

問題4選項

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】47.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者主要關(guān)注的是……”。文章一開始講述了19世紀攝影家為確立攝影是藝術(shù)而提出的種種依據(jù)，并把繪畫和攝影作比較，來反駁否定攝影的論點，第二段和第三段闡述了即使攝影被確立為一門藝術(shù)，當代嚴肅的攝影師仍然聲稱自己絕不是創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品，接著作者用抽象表現(xiàn)主義繪畫和古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫進行舉例，證明攝影更多的是關(guān)注自身的主題而非藝術(shù)，最后總結(jié)攝影宣傳會使公眾忘記攝影是一種藝術(shù)。綜上所知，文章中的作者主要關(guān)注的是當代嚴肅的攝影師對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，所以C項“解釋當代嚴肅的攝影師對攝影藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并將這些態(tài)度放在他們的歷史背景中”符合題意。A項“定義現(xiàn)代主義對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”、B項“解釋攝影是如何成為一門藝術(shù)的”和D項“定義當代嚴肅的攝影師對他們的藝術(shù)采取的各種方法，并評估這些方法的價值”都只是部分提及。因