2018年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題試卷一及答案

2018年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題試卷一及答案（完整版）WritingPartIWriting(30minutes)(請于正式開考后半小時內(nèi)完成該部分，之后將進行聽力考試)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanashorteasyontheimportanceofspeakingabilityandhowtodevelopshouldwriteatleast_120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.A)Thereturnofabottledmessagetoitsowner'sdaughter.ANewHampshireman'sjokewithfriendsonhiswife.Afather'smessageforhisdaughter.Thehistoryofacentury-oldmotel.A)Shewantedtoshowgratitudeforhiskindness.Shewantedtohonorherfather'spromise.Shehadbeenaskedbyherfathertodoso.Shewasexcitedtoseeherfather'shandwriting.Questions3to4arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard。A)Peoplewereconcernedaboutthenumberofbees.SeveralcasesofZikadiseasehadbeenidentified.Twomillionbeeswereinfectedwithdisease.Zikavirushaddestroyedsomebeefarms.A)Itapologizedtoitscustomers.Itwasforcedtokillitsbees.Itlostahugestockofbees.Itlost2.5milliondollars.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.A)Itstayedintheairforabouttwohours.Ittookoffandlandedonafootballfield.Itprovedtobeofhighcommercialvalue.Itmadeaseriesofsharpturnsinthesky.A)Engineeringproblems.C)Inadequatefunding.Theairpollutionitproduced.D)Theoppositionfromthemilitary.A)Itusesthelatestaviationtechnology.Itfliesfasterthanacommercialjet.Itisasafermeansoftransportation.Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetWithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Itseemsadepressingtopic.Itsoundsquitealarming.Ithaslittleimpactonourdailylife.Itisgettingmoreseriousthesedays.A)Themandoesn'tunderstandSpanish.Thewomandoesn'treallylikedancing.Theydon'twantsomethingtoonoisy.Theycan'tmakeittothetheatreintime.A)ItwouldbemorefunwithoutMr.Whiteheadhosting.Ithastoomanyactstoholdtheaudience'sattention.Itisthemostamusingshowhehaseverwatched.Itisashowinappropriateforanightofcharity.A)Watchacomedy.C)Booktheticketsonline.Goandseethedance.D)Seeafilmwiththeman.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Mostofherschoolmatesareyoungerthansheis.Shesimplyhasnoideawhatschooltotransferto.Therearetoomanyactivitiesforhertocopewith.Sheworriesshewon'tfitinasatransferstudent.A)Seekadvicefromseniorstudents.Pickupsomemeaningfulhobbies.Participateinafter-schoolactivities.Lookintowhattheschooloffers.A)Giveherhelpwheneversheneedsit.Acceptherasatransferstudent.Findheraccommodationoncampus.Introducehertoherroommates.A)ShehasinterestssimilartoMr.Lee's.ShehasbecomefriendswithCatherine.ShehaschosenthemajorCatherinehas.Shehasjusttransferredtothecollege.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetWithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Toinvestigatehowbeingoverweightimpacts,onhealth.Tofindoutwhichphysicaldriveisthemostpowerful.Todiscoverwhatmostmiceliketoeat.Todeterminewhatfeelingsmicehave.A)Whentheyarehungry.C)Whentheysmellfood.Whentheyarethirsty.D)Whentheywantcompany.A)Theysearchforfoodingroups.Theyareoverweightwhenfoodisplenty.Theyprefertobewithothermice.Theyenjoythecompanyofotheranimals.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ItsconstructionstartedbeforeWorldWarI.Itsconstructioncostmorethan$40billion.Itisefficientlyusedfortransport.Itisoneofthebestintheworld.A)Toimprovetransportationinthecountryside.Tomovetroopsquicklyfromplacetoplace.Toenablepeopletotravelatahigherspeed.Tospeedupthetransportationofgoods.A)Inthe1970s.C)Inthe1950s.B)Inthe1960s.D)Inthe1940s.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Chattingwhiledriving.B)Messagingwhiledriving.Drivingunderage.Speedingonhighways.A)Agadgettoholdaphoneonthesteeringwheel.B)Agadgettochargethephoneinacar.Adevicetocontrolthespeedofavehicle.Adevicetoensurepeopledrivewithbothhands.A)Thecarkeepsflashingitsheadlights.B)Thecarslowsdowngraduallytoahalt.Theyarealertedwithalightandasound.Theygetawarningontheirsmartphone.A)Installingacamera.C)Checkingtheiremails.B)Usingaconnectedapp.D)Keepingadailyrecord.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetMithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnofficetoweronMillerStreetinManchesteriscompletelycoveredinsolarpanels.Theyareusedtocreatesomeoftheenergyusedbytheinsurancecompanyinside.Whenthetowerwasfirst(26)in1962，itwascoveredwiththinsquarestones.Thesesmallsquarestonesbecameaproblemforthebuildingandcontinuedtofalloffthefacefor40yearsuntilamajorrenovationwas(27).Duringthisrenovationthebuilding'sowners,CIS，(28)thesolarpanelcompany,Solarcentury.Theyagreedtocovertheentirebuildinginsolarpanels.In2004，thecompletedCIStowerbecameEurope'slargest(29)ofverticalsolarpanels.Averticalsolarprojectonsuchalarge(30)hasneverbeenrepeatedsince.Coveringaskyscraperwithsolarpanelshadneverbeendonebefore,andtheCIStowerwaschosenasoneofthe“10bestgreenenergyprojects”.Foralongtimeafterthisrenovationproject,itwasthetallestbuildingintheUnitedKingdom,butitwas(31)overtakenbytheMillbankTower.Greenbuildingslikethisaren't(32)cost-efficientfortheinvestor,butitdoesproducemuchlesspollutionthanthatcausedbyenergy(33)throughfossilfuels.Assolarpanelsget(34)，theworldislikelytoseemoreskyscraperscoveredinsolarpanels，collectingenergymuchliketreesdo.Imagineaworldwherebuildingthetallestskyscraperwasn'taraceof(35)，butratheronetocollectthemostsolarenergy.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。A)cheaperB)cleanerC)collectionD)competedA)cheaperB)cleanerC)collectionD)competedE)constructedF)consultedG)dimensionI)eventuallyE)constructedF)consultedG)dimensionI)eventuallyJ)heightK)necessarilyM)rangeN)scaleO)undertakenH)discoveredL)productionSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2AsTouristsCrowdOutLocals,VeniceFaces“Endangered”List[A]Onarecentfallmorning,alargecrowdblockedthestepsatoneofVenice'smaintouristsites,theRialtoBridge.TheRialtoBridgeisoneofthefourbridgesspanningtheGrandCanal.Itistheoldestbridgeacrossthecanal,andwasthedividinglinebetweenthedistrictsofSanMarcoandSanPolo.Butonthisday,therewasatwist：itwasfilledwithVenetians,nottourists.[B]“Peoplearecheeringandholdingtheircartsintheair,saysGiovanniGiorgio,whohelpedorganizethemarchwithagrass-rootsorganizationcalledGenerazione90.Thecartshereferstoaresmallshoppingcarts—thesymbolofatrueVenetian.“Itstartedasajoke,”hesayswithalaugh.“Theideawastoputbladesonthewheels!YouknowLikeBenHur.Preciselylikethat,youjustgoaroundandrunpeopledown.''[C]Veniceisoneofthehottesttouristdestinationsintheworld.Butthat'saproblem.Upto90,000touristscrowditsstreetsandcanalseveryday—faroutnumberingthe55,000permanentresidents.Thetouristincreaseisonekeyreasonthecity'spopulationisdownfrom175,000inthe1950s.TheoutnumberedVenetianshavebeensteadilyfleeing.Andthosewhostickaroundaretiredoflivinginaplacewheretheycan'tevengettothemarketwithoutswimmingthroughaseaofpicture-snappingtourists.Imagine,navigatingthrough50,000peoplewhileonthewaytoschoolortowork.[D]LauraChigi,agrandmotheratthemarch,saysthelocalandnationalgovernmentshavefailedtodoanythingaboutthecrowdsfordecades,becausethey'reonlyinterestedintourism—theprimaryindustryinVenice,worthmorethan$3billionin2015.“Veniceisacashcow,”shesays,“andeveryonewantsa?11piece.''JustbeyondSt.Mark'sSquare,acruiseshippasses,oneofhundredseveryyearthatappearovertheirmedieval（中世紀(jì)的）surroundings.Theirmassivewakecreatswavesatthebottomofthesea,weakeningthefoundationsofthecenturies-oldbuildingsthemselves.“EverytimeIseeacruiseship,Ifeelsad,”Chigisays.“Youseethemuditdrags；thedestructionitleavesinitswakeThathurtstheancientwoodenpolesholdingupthecityunderwater.Onedaywe'11seeVenicebreakdown.nForatime,UNESCO,theculturalwingoftheUnitedNations,seemedtoagree.Twoyearsago,itputItalyonnotice,sayingthegovernmentwasnotprotectingVenice.UNESCOconsiderstheentirecityaWorldHeritageSite,agreathonorthatmeansVenice,attheculturallevel,belongstoallo￡theworld'speople.In2014,UNESCOgaveItalytwoyearstomanageVenice,sflourishingtourismorthecitywouldbeplacedonanotherlist—WorldHeritageInDanger,joiningsuchsitesasAleppoandPalmyra,destroyedbythewarinSyria.Venice'sdeadlinepassedwithbarelyamurmur（嘟口農(nóng)）thissummer,justasUNESCOwasmeetinginIstanbul.Onlyonerepresentative,JadTabetfromLebanon,triedtoraisetheissue.“Forseveralyears,thesituationofheritageinVenicehasbeenworsening,andithasnowreachedadramaticsituation,”TabettoldUNESCO.“Wehavetoactquickly,thereisnotamomenttowaste.''ButUNESCOdidn'tevenholdavote.“It'sbeenpostponeduntil2017，''saysAnnaSomers,thefounderandCEOofTheArtNewspaperandtheformerheadofVeniceinPeril,agroupdevotedtorestoringVenetianart.ShesaysthemainreasontheU.N.culturalorganizationdidn'tvotetodeclareVeniceaWorldHeritageSiteInDangerisbecauseUNESCOhasbecome“intenselypoliticized.Therewouldhavebeensomeback-roomnegotiations.ItalyboastsmoreUNESCOWorldHeritageSitesthananyothercountryintheworld,grantingitconsiderablepowerandinfluencewithintheorganization.TheformerheadoftheUNESCOWorldHeritageCentre,whichoverseesheritagesites,isFrancescoBandarin,aVenetianwhonowservesasUNESCO'sassistantdirector-generalforculture.Earlierthisyear,ItalysignedanaccordwithUNESCOtoestablishataskforceofpoliceartdetectivesandarchaeologists（考古學(xué)家）toprotectculturalheritagefromnaturaldisastersandterrorgroups,suchasISIS.TheaccordunderlinedItaly'sglobalreputationasagoodstewardofartandculture.ButaddingVenicetotheUNESCOendangeredlist—whichisdominatedbysitesindevelopingandconflict-riddencountries—wouldbeaninternationalembarrassment,andcouldevenhurtItaly'sprofitabletourismindustry.TheItalianCultureMinistrysaysitisunawareofanygovernmenteffortstopressureUNESCO.Asfortheorganizationitself,itdeclinedarequestforaninterview.Thecity'scurrentmayor,LuigiBrugnaro,hasridiculedUNESCOandtoldittominditsownbusiness,whilecontinuingtosupportthecruiseshipindustry,whichemploys5,000Veniceresidents.AsforVenetians,they'rebeyondfrustratedandhopingforasolutionsoon.“It'sanightmareforme.Somesituationsarereallydifficultwithtouristsaround，”saysGiorgioashenavigatesaroundaswellingcrowdattheRialtoBridge.“Therearejustsomanyofthem.Theyneverknowwheretheyaregoing,anddonotwalkinanorderlymanner.Navigatingthestreetscanbeexhausting.”Thenithitshim:Thiscrowdisn'tmadeupoftourists.They'reVenetians.Giorgiosayshe'sneverexperiencedtheRialtoBridgethiswayinallhis22years.“Foronce,wearetheoneswhoareblockingthetraffic，”hesaysdelightedly.“Itfeelsunreal.Itfeelslikewe'resomeformofendangeredspecies.It'sjustnice.Thefeelingisjustpure.nBut,heworries,iftourismisn'tmanagedandhisfellowlocalscontinuetomovetothemainland,hisgenerationmightbethelastwhocancallthemselvesnativeVenetians.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。passingcruiseshipswillunderminethefoundationsoftheancientbuildingsinVenice.ItaliangovernmenthasjustreachedanagreementwithUNESCOtotakemeasurestoprotectitsculturalheritage.heritagesituationinVenicehasbeendeterioratinginthepastfewyears.decreaseinthenumberofpermanentresidentsinVeniceismainlyduetotheincreaseoftourists.tourismgetsoutofcontrol,nativeVenetiansmaydesertthecityaltogetheroneday.urgedtheItaliangovernmenttoundertakeitsresponsibilitytoprotectVenice.participantsintheVenetianmarchusedshoppingcartstoshowtheywere100%localresidents.UNESCO'swarning,themayorofVenicemaintainshissupportofthecity'stourismindustry.womansaysthatfordecadestheItaliangovernmentandlocalauthoritieshaveonlyfocusedontherevenuesfromtourism.hasnotyetdecidedtoputVeniceonthelistofWorldHeritageSitesInDanger.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetWithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Losingyourabilitytothinkandrememberisprettyscary.Weknowtheriskofdementia(癡呆癥)increaseswithage.Butifyouhavememoryslips,youprobablyneedn'tworry.Thereareprettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.Afterage50，it'squitecommontohavetroublerememberingthenamesofpeople,placesandthingsquickly,saysDr.KirkDaffnerofBrighamandWomen'sHospitalinBoston.Thebrainagesjustliketherestofthebody.Certainpartsshrink,especiallyareasinthebrainthatareimportanttolearning,memoryandplanning.Changesinbraincellscanaffectcommunicationbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.Andbloodflowcanbereducedasbloodvesselsnarrow.Forgettingthenameofanactorinafavoritemovie,forexample,isnothingtoworryabout.Butifyouforgettheplotofthemovieordon'trememberevenseeingit,that'sfarmoreconcerning,Daffnersays.Whenyouforgetentireexperiences,hesays,that's“aredflagthatsomethingmoreseriousmaybeinvolved”.Forgettinghowtooperateafamiliarobjectlikeamicrowaveoven,orforgettinghowtodrivetothehouseofafriendyou'vevisitedmanytimesbeforecanalsobesignsofsomethinggoingwrong.Buteventhen,Daffnersays,peopleshouldn'tpanic.Therearemanythingsthatcancauseconfusionandmemoryloss,includinghealthproblemsliketemporarystoppageofbreathingduringsleep,highbloodpressure,ordepression,aswellasmedications（藥物）likeantidepressants.Youdon'thavetofigurethisoutonyourown.Daffnersuggestsgoingtoyourdoctortocheckonmedications,healthproblemsandotherissuesthatcouldbeaffectingmemory.Andthebestdefenseagainstmemorylossistotrytopreventitbybuildingupyourbrain'scognitive（認知的）reserve,Daffnersays.“Readbooks,gotomovies,takeonnewhobbiesoractivitiesthatforceonetothinkinnovelways,”hesays.Inotherwords,keepyourbrainbusyandworking.Andalsogetphysicallyactive,becauseexerciseisaknownbrainbooster.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。doestheauthorsaythatoneneedn'tbeconcernedaboutmemoryslipsNotallofthemaresymptomsofdementia.Theyoccuronlyamongcertaingroupsofpeople.Notallofthemarerelatedtoone'sage.Theyarequitecommonamongfifty-year-olds.happensaswebecomeagedaccordingtothepassageOurinteractionskillsdeteriorate.Somepartsofourbrainstopfunctioning.Communicationwithinourbrainweakens.Ourwholebrainstartsshrinking.memory-relatedsymptomshouldpeopletakeseriouslyTotallyforgettinghowtodoone'sdailyroutines.Inabilitytorecalldetailsofone'slifeexperiences.Failuretorememberthenamesofmoviesoractors.Occasionallyconfusingtheaddressesofone'sfriends.shouldpeopledowhensignsofseriousmemorylossshowupCheckthebrain'scognitivereserve.Stopmedicationsaffectingmemory.Turntoaprofessionalforassistance.Exercisetoimprovetheirwell-being.isDr.Daffner'sadviceforcombatingmemorylossHavingregularphysicalandmentalcheckups.Takingmedicinethathelpsboostone'sbrain.Engaginginknownmemoryrepairactivities.Stayingactivebothphysicallyandmentally.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AletterwrittenbyCharlesDarwinin1875hasbeenreturnedtotheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives(檔案館)bytheFBIafterbeingstolentwice.“Werealizedinthemid-1970sthatitwasmissing，”saysEffieKapsalis,headoftheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives.“Itwasnotedasmissingandlikelytakenbyanintern(實習(xí)生)，fromwhattheFBIistellingus.Wordgotoutthatitwasmissingwhensomeoneaskedtoseetheletterforresearchpurposes,”andtheinternputtheletterback.“Theinternlikelytooktheletteragainoncenobodywaswatchingit.”Decadespassed.Finally,theFBIreceivedatipthatthestolendocumentwaslocatedveryclosetoWashington,D.C.Theirartcrimeteamrecoveredtheletterbutwereunabletopresschargesbecausethetimeoflimitationshadended.TheFBIworkedcloselywiththeArchivestodeterminethattheletterwasbothauthenticanddefinitelySmithsonian'sproperty.TheletterwaswrittenbyDarwintothankanAmericangeologist,Dr.FerdinandVandeveerHayden,forsendinghimcopiesofhisresearchintothegeologyoftheregionthatwouldbecomeYellowstoneNationalPark.Theletteri