2017年6月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題(第一套)

2017年6月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題（第一套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertoattendavocationalcollegeorauniversity,writeanessaytostateyouropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD.)ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Doingenjoyablework.Havingfriendlycolleagues.Earningacompetitivesalary.Workingforsupportivebosses.A)31%.20%.25%.73%.A)Thoseofasmallsize.Thoserunbywomen.Thosethatarewellmanaged.Thosefullofskilledworkers.A)Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)ItisabookofEuropeanhistory.Itisanintroductionofmusic.ItisaboutthecityofBruges.Itisacollectionofphotos.A)WhenpaintingtheconcerthallofBruges.WhenvacationinginanItaliancoastalcity.Whentakingpicturesforaconcertcatalogue.D)WhenwritingaboutBelgium'scoastalregions.A)TheentireEuropeancoastlinewillbesubmerged.TherichheritageofEuropewillbelostcompletely.TheseawaterofEuropeanwillbeseriouslypolluted.ThemajorEuropeanscenicspotswilldisappear.A)Itswaterwaysarebeingincreasinglypolluted.Peoplecannotgetaroundwithoutusingboats.Itattractslargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandabroad.Touristsusewoodenpathstoreachtheirhotelsinthemorning.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theymakecarefulpreparationsbeforehand.Theytaketoomanyirrelevantfactorsintoaccount.Theyspendtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheirdefeat.Theytryhardtoavoidgettingoffonthewrongfoot.10.A)Aperson'snervoussystemismorecomplicatedthanimagined.Golfersusuallyhavepositivementalimagesofthemselves.C)Mentalimagesofteninterferewithathletes'performance.Thinkinghasthesameeffectonthenervoussystemaslong.A)Anticipatepossibleproblems.B)Makealistofdo'sanddon'ts.Picturethemselvessucceeding.Trytoappearmoreprofessional.A)Sheworeadesignerdress.Shewonherfirstjurytrial.Shedidnotspeakloudenough.Shepresentedmovingpictures.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeproved.Itshealthbenefitshavebeenoverestimated.Ithelpspeopletoavoiddevelopingbreastcancer.Itenablespatientswithdiabetestorecoversooner.A)Itfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungadulthood.Ittrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20years.Itfocusedontheirdifferencefrommeninfiberintake.Ittrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheiradolescence.A)Fibermayhelptoreducehormonesinthebody.Fibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanmen.Fibermayimprovethefunctionofheartmuscles.Fibermaymakebloodcirculationmoresmooth.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Observingthechangesinmarketing.Conductingresearchonconsumerbehavior.Studyingthehazardsofyoungpeopledrinking.Investigatingtheimpactofmediaongovernment.A)Itisthecauseofmanystreetriots.Itisgettingworseyearbyyear.Itisachiefconcernofparents.Itisanactofsocialising.A)Theyspentaweekstudyingtheirownpurchasingbehavior.Theyresearchedtheimpactofmobilephonesonyoungpeople.Theyanalysedtheirfamilybudgetsovertheyears.Theyconductedathoroughresearchonadvertising.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Itishelpingitsbankstoimproveefficiency.Itistryinghardtodoawaywithdirtymoney.Itisthefirstcountrytousecreditcardsintheworld.Itislikelytogiveuppapermoneyinthenearfuture.

A)Whetheritispossibletotravelwithoutcarryinganyphysicalcurrency.Whetheritispossibletopredicthowmuchmoneyoneisgoingtospend.Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencycausesapersontospendmore.Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencyisgoingtoaffecteverydaylife.A)Therewasnofoodserviceonthetrain.Theserviceonthetrainwasnotgood.Therestaurantcaracceptedcashonly.Thecashinherhandbagwasmissing.A)Byputtingmoneyintoenvelopes.Bydrawingmoneyweekbyweek.Bylimitingtheirday-to-dayspending.Byrefusingtobuyanythingoncredit.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Populationexplosion.Chronichunger.Extinctionofrarespecies.Environmentaldeterioration.A)Theycontributetooverpopulation.Abouthalfofthemareunintended.Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol.Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway.A)Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth.B)Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch.C)Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries.D)Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates'attention.PartIIReadingComprehension40PartIIReadingComprehension40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Let'sallstopjudgingpeoplewhotalktothemselves.Newresearchsaysthatthosewhocan'tseemtokeeptheirinnermonologue(獨(dú)白)inareactuallymorelikelytostayontask,remain26betterandshowimprovedperceptioncapabilities.Notbad,really,forsomeextramuttering.AccordingtoaseriesofexperimentspublishedinquarterlyjournalofexperimentalpsychologybyprofessorsGaryLupyanandDanielSwignley,theactofusingverbalcluesto2mentalpictureshelpspeoplefunctionquicker.Inoneexperiment,theyshowedpicturesofvariousobjectstotwenty28andaskedthemtofindjustoneofthose,abanana.Halfwere29torepeatoutloudwhattheywerelookingforandtheotherhalfkepttheirlips30.Thosewhotalkedtothemselvesfoundthebananaslightlyfasterthanthosewhodidn't,theresearcherssay.Inotherexperiments,LupyanandSwignleyfoundthat31thenameofacommonproductwhenonthehuntforithelpedquickensomeone'space,buttalkingaubnocuotmmonitemsshowednoadvantageandslowedyoudown.Commonresearchhaslongheldthattalkingthemselvesthroughataskhelpschildrenlearn,althoughdoingsowhenyou've32maturedisnotagreatsignof33.Thetwoprofessorshopetorefutethatidea,34thatjustaswhenkidswalkthemselvesthroughaprocess,adultscanbenefitfromusinglanguagenotjusttocommunicate,butalsotohelp“augmentthinking”.Ofcourse,youarestillencouragedtokeepthetalkingatlibrarytonesand,whateveryoudo,keeptheinformationyousharesimple,likeagrocerylist.Atany35,there'sstillsuchathingastoomuchinformation.A)apparentlyI)obscurelyB)arroganceJ)sealedC)brillianceK)spectatorsD)claimingL)triggerE)dedicatedM)utteringF)focusedN)volumeG)incurO)volunteersH)instructedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.2RichChildrenandPoorOnesAreRaisedVeryDifferentlyThelivesofchildrenfromrichandpoorAmericanfamilieslookmoredifferentthaneverbefore.Well-offfamiliesareruledbycalendars,withchildrenenrolledinballet,soccerandafter-schoolprograms,accordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey.Thereareusuallytwoparents,whospendalotoftimereadingtochildrenandworryingabouttheiranxietylevelsandhecticschedules.Inpoorfamilies,meanwhile,childrentendtospendtheirtimeathomeorwithextendedfamily,thesurveyfound.Theyaremorelikelytogrowupinneighborhoodsthattheirparentssayaren'tgreatforraisingchildren,andtheirparentsworryaboutthemgettingshot,beatenuporintroublewiththelaw.Theclassdifferencesinchildrearingaregrowing,researcherssay—asymptomofwideninginequalitywithfar-reachingconsequences.Differentupbringingssetchildrenondifferentpathsandcandeepensocioeconomicdivisions,especiallybecauseeducationisstronglylinkedtoearnings.Childrengrowuplearningtheskillstosucceedintheirsocioeconomicstratum,butnotnecessarilyothers.[E]“Earlychildhoodexperiencescanbeveryconsequentialforchildren'slong-termsocial,emotionalandcognitivedevelopment,”saidSeanF.Reardon,professorofpovertyandinequalityineducationatStanfordUniversity.“Andbecausethoseinfluenceeducationalsuccessandlaterearnings,earlychildhoodexperiencescastalifelongshadow.”Thecyclecontinues:Poorerparentshavelesstimeandfewerresourcestoinvestintheirchildren,whichcanleavechildrenlesspreparedforschoolandwork,whichleadstolowerearnings.[F]Americanparentswantsimilarthingsfortheirchildren,thePewreportandpastresearchhavefound:forthemtobehealthyandhappy,honestandethical,caringandcompassionate.Thereisnobestparentingstyleorphilosophy,researcherssay,andacrossincomegroups,92percentofparentssaytheyaredoingagoodjobatraisingtheirchildren.Yettheyaredoingitquitedifferently.Middle-classandhigher-incomeparentsseetheirchildrenasprojectsinneedofcarefulcultivation,saysAnnetteLareau,whosegroundbreakingresearchonthetopicwaspublishedinherbookUnequalChildhoods:Class,RaceandFamil.yThLeiyfetrytodeveloptheirskillsthroughclosesupervisionandorganizedactivities,andteachchildrentoquestionauthorityfiguresandnavigateeliteinstitutions.[G]Working-classparents,meanwhile,believetheirchildrenwillnaturallythrive,andgivethemfargreaterindependenceandtimeforfreeplay.Theyaretaughttobecompliantanddeferentialtoadults.Therearebenefitstobothapproaches.Working-classchildrenarehappier,moreindependent,whinelessandarecloserwithfamilymembers,Ms.Lareaufound.Higher-incomechildrenaremorelikelytodeclareboredomandexpecttheirparentstosolvetheirproblems.Yetlateron,themoreaffluentchildrenendupincollegeandenroutetothemiddleclass,whileworking-classchildrentendtostruggle.Childrenfromhigher-incomefamiliesarelikelytohavetheskillstonavigatebureaucraciesandsucceedinschoolsandworkplaces,Ms.Lareausaid.[H]“Doallparentswantthemostsuccessfortheirchildren?Absolutely,”shesaid.“Dosomestrategiesgivechildrenmoreadvantagesthanothersininstitutions?Probablytheydo.Willparentsbedamagingchildreniftheyhaveonefewerorganizedactivity?No,Ireallydoubtit.”Socialscientistssaythedifferencesariseinpartbecauselow-incomeparentshavelessmoneytospendonmusicclassorpreschool,andlessflexibleschedulestotakechildrentomuseumsorattendschoolevents.ExtracurricularactivitiesepitomizethedifferencesinchildrearinginthePewsurvey,whichwasofanationallyrepresentativesampleof1,807parents.Offamiliesearningmorethan$75,000ayear,84percentsaytheirchildrenhaveparticipatedinorganizedsportsoverthepastyear,64percenthavedonevolunteerworkand62percenthavetakenlessonsinmusic,danceorart.Offamiliesearninglessthan$30,000,59percentofchildrenhavedonesports,37percenthavevolunteeredand41percenthavetakenartsclasses.[J]Especiallyinaffluentfamilies,childrenstartyoung.Nearlyhalfofhigh-earning,college-graduateparentsenrolledtheirchildreninartsclassesbeforetheywere5,comparedwithone-fifthoflow-income,less-educatedparents.Nonetheless,20percentofwell-offparentssaytheirchildren'sschedulesaretoohectic,comparedwith8percentofpoorerparents.[K]Anotherexampleisreadingaloud,whichstudieshaveshowngiveschildrenbiggervocabulariesandbetterreadingcomprehensioninschool.Seventy-onepercentofparentswithacollegedegreesaytheydoiteveryday,comparedwith33percentofthosewithahighschooldiplomaorless,Pewfound.Whiteparentsaremorelikelythanotherstoreadtotheirchildrendaily,asaremarriedparents.Mostaffluentparentsenrolltheirchildreninpreschoolordaycare,whilelow-incomeparentsaremorelikelytodependonfamilymembers.Disciplinetechniquesvarybyeducationlevel:8percentofthosewithapostgraduatedegreesaytheyoftenspanktheirchildren,comparedwith22percentofthosewithahighschooldegreeorless.[L]Thesurveyalsoprobedattitudesandanxieties.Interestingly,parents'attitudestowardeducationdonotseemtoreflecttheirowneducationalbackgroundasmuchasabeliefintheimportanceofeducationforupwardmobility.MostAmericanparentssaytheyarenotconcernedabouttheirchildren'sgradesaslongastheyworkhard.But50percentofpoorparentssayitisextremelyimportanttothemthattheirchildrenearnacollegedegree,comparedwith39percentofwealthierparents.[M]Less-educatedparents,andpoorerandblackandLatinoparentsaremorelikelytobelievethatthereisnosuchthingastoomuchinvolvementinachild'seducation.Parentswhoarewhite,wealthyorcollege-educatedsaytoomuchinvolvementcanbebad.Parentalanxietiesreflecttheircircumstances.High-earningparentsaremuchmorelikelytosaytheyliveinagoodneighborhoodforraisingchildren.Whilebullyingisparents'greatestconcernoverall,nearlyhalfoflow-incomeparentsworrytheirchildwillgetshot,comparedwithone-fifthofhigh-incomeparents.Theyaremoreworriedabouttheirchildrenbeingdepressedoranxious.[N]InthePewsurvey,middle-classfamiliesearningbetween$30,000and$75,000ayearfellrightbetweenworking-classandhigh-earningparentsonissueslikethequalityoftheirneighborhoodforraisingchildren,participationinextracurricularactivitiesandinvolvementintheirchildren'seducation.[O]Childrenwerenotalwaysraisedsodifferently.Theachievementgapbetweenchildrenfromhigh-andlow-incomefamiliesis30percentto40percentlargeramongchildrenbornin2001thanthoseborn25yearsearlier,accordingtoMr.Reardon'sresearch.Peopleusedtolivenearpeopleofdifferentincomelevels;neighborhoodsarenowmoresegregatedbyincome.Morethanaquarterofchildrenliveinsingle-parenthouseholds—ahistorichigh,accordingtoPew—andthesechildrenarethreetimesaslikelytoliveinpovertyasthosewholivewithmarriedparents.Meanwhile,growingincomeinequalityhascoincidedwiththeincreasingimportanceofacollegedegreeforearningamiddle-classwage.[P]Yettherearerecentsignsthatthegapcouldbestartingtoshrink.Inthepastdecade,evenasincomeinequalityhasgrown,someofthesocioeconomicdifferencesinparenting,likereadingtochildrenandgoingtolibraries,havenarrowed.[Q]Publicpoliciesaimedatyoungchildrenhavehelped,hesaid,includingpublicpreschoolprogramsandreadinginitiatives.Addressingdisparitiesintheearliestyears,itseems,couldreduceinequalityinthenextgeneration36.Working-classparentsteachtheirchildrentobeobedientandshowrespecttoadults.37.Americanparents,whetherrichorpoor,havesimilarexpectationsoftheirchildrendespitedifferentwaysofparenting.38.Whilerichparentsaremoreconcernedwiththeirchildren'spsychologicalwell-being,poorparentsaremoreworriedabouttheirchildren'ssafety.Theincreasingdifferencesinchildrearingbetweenrichandpoorfamiliesreflectgrowingsocialinequality.Parentingapproachesofworking-classandaffluentfamiliesbothhaveadvantages.Higher-incomefamiliesandworking-classfamiliestendtoliveindifferentneighborhoods.Physicalpunishmentisusedmuchlessbywell-educatedparents.43.Ms.Lareaudoesn'tbelieveparticipatinginfewerafter-classactivitieswillnegativelyaffectchildren'sdevelopment.44.Wealthyparentsareconcernedabouttheirchildren'smentalhealthandbusyschedules.Somesocioeconomicdifferencesinchildrearinghaveshrunkinthepasttenyears.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Opendatasharesarestillintheminorityinmanyfields.Althoughmanyresearchersbroadlyagreethatpublicaccesstorawdatawouldacceleratescience,mostarereluctanttoposttheresultoftheirownlaborsonline.Somecommunitieshaveagreedtoshareonline—geneticists,forexample,postDNAsequencesattheGenBnakrepository(庫)，andastronomersareaccustomedtoaccessingimagesofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,atelescopethathasobservedsome500millionobjects—buttheseremaintheexception,nottherule.Historically,scientistshaveobjectedtosharingformanyreasons:Itisalotofwork;untilrecently,gooddatabasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushingforsharing;ithasbeendifficulttoagreeonstandardforformattingdata;andthereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata.Butthebarriersaredisappearing,inpartbecausejournalsandfundingagenciesworldwideareencouragingscientiststomaketheirdatapublic.Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportthatscientistneedto“shiftawayfromaresearchculturewheredataisviewsasaprivateprersvee”.Fundingagenciesnotethatdatapaidforwithpublicmoneyshouldbepublicinformation,andthescientificcommunityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbeshareddigitallyinwaysthatwerenotpossiblebefore.Tomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesarespringinguptomakeiteasiertopublishresearchproductonlineandenableotherresearcherstodiscoverandcitethem.Althoughcallstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthemoraladvantageofsharing,thepracticeisnotpurelyaltruistic(利他的).Researcherswhoshareplentyofpersonalbenefit,includingmoreconnectionswithcolleagues,improvedvisibilityandincreasedcitations.Themostsuccessfulsharers—thosewhosedataaredownloadedandcitedthemostoften—getnoticed,andtheirworkgetsused.Forexample,oneofthemostpopulardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryadisaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeendownloaded5,700times,Co-authorAmyZannethinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate-changeresearcherswantingtoestimatehowmuchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toforesterslookingforinformationondifferentgradesoftimber,“I'dmuchprefertohavemydatausedbythemaximumnumberofpeopletoasktheirownquestions,”shesays.“It'simportanttoallowreadersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhowyouarriveatyourresults.Publishingdataandcodeallowsyoursciencetobereproducible.”Whatdomanyresearchersgenerallyaccept?A)Itisimperativetoprotectscientists'patents.Repositoriesareessentialtoscientificresearch.Opendatasharingismostimportanttomedicalscience.Opendatasharingisconductivetoscientificadvancement.Whatistheattitudeofmostresearcherstowardsmakingtheirowndatapublic?Opposed.Ambiguous.Liberal.Neutral.Accordingtothepassage,whatmighthinderopendatasharing?Thefearofmassivecopying.Thelackofaresearchculture.Thebeliefthatresearchdataisprivateintellectualproperty.Theconcernthatcertainagenciesmaymakeaprofitoutofit.Whathelpsliftsomeofthebarrierstoopendatasharing?Theever-growingdemandforbigdata.Theadvancementofdigitaltechnology.Thechangingattitudeofjournalsandfunders.Thetrendsofsocialandeconomicdevelopment.DryadservesasanexampletoshowhowopendatasharingisbecomingincreasinglypopularbenefitssharersandusersalikemakeresearcherssuccessfulsavebothtomoneyandlaborPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Beginninginthelatesixteenthcentury,itbecamefashionableforyoungaristocratstovisitParis,Venice,Florence,andaboveall,Rome,astheculminatio(終極)oftheirclassicaleducation.ThuswasborntheideaoftheGrandTour,apracticewhichintroducedEnglishmen,Germans,Scandinavians,andalsoAmericanstotheartandcultureofFranceandItalyforthenext300years.Travelwasarduousandcostlythroughouttheperiod,possibleonlyforaprivilegedclass—thesamethatproducedgentlemenscientists,author,antiqueexperts,andpatronsofthearts.TheGrandTouristwastypicallyayoungmanwithathroughgroundinginGreekandLatinliteratureaswellassomeleisuretime,somemeans,andsomeinterestsinart.TheGermantravelerJohannWinckelmannpioneeredthefieldofarthistorywithhiscomprehensivestudyofGreekandRomansculpture;hewasportrayedbyhisfriendAntonRaphaelMengsatthebeginningofhislongresidenceinRome.MostGrandTourists,however,stayedforbrieferperiodsandsetoutwithlessscholarlyintensions,accompaniedbyateacherorguardian,andexpectedtoreturnhomewithsouvenirsoftheirtravelsaswellasanunderstandingofartandarchitectureformedbyexposuretogreatmasterpieces.LondonwasafrequentstartingpointforGrandTourists,andParisacompulsorydestination;manytraveledtotheNetherlands,sometoSwitzerlandandGermany,andaveryfewadventurerstoSpain,Greece,orTurkey.Theessentialplacetovisit,however,wasItaly.TheBritishtravelerCharlesThompsonspokeformanyGrandTouristswhenin1744hedescribedhimselfas“beingimpatientlydesirousofviewingacountrysofamousinhistory,acountrywhichonegavelawstotheworld,andwhichisatpresentthegreatestschoolofmusicandpainting,containsthenoblestprodu