新視野第2版第3冊UNIT4教案

新視野大學(xué)英語3Unit4SectionAFiveFamousSymbolsofAmericanCultureI.Warm-upActivityTopicDiscussion:StudenfsDiscussionWhatdoyouknowabouttheAmericanculturalsymbols?TheStatueofLiberty,Barbiedolls,AmericanGothic,theBuffalonickel,andUncleSamWhatisthesymbol(s)ofChineseCulture?theGreatWall,Dragon,,chopsticks,lunarcalendar,twelveanimalsofyears,thecolorofred,etc.u?Teacher'sSummaryWhenyouthinkofAmericanculture,whatfirstcomestoyourmind?McDonald's?CocaCola?Levi's?Disneyland?MichaelJordan?JuliaRoberts?ManypeopleimagineAmericancultureisacollectionofpopularsymbolslikethese.ThispassagegivesussomeinsightintotheoriginsofsymbolsbywhichtheUnitedStateofAmericaisknownaroundtheworld.rrheStatueofLibertyisafemalefigurewhichderivesfromthetwofavoritewomeninFrenchartistBartholdi'slife.AnothersymbolofAmericancultureistheBarbiedoll,whichderivesfromanoldGennantoymodelwiththeAmericandesigner'sdaughter'snameonit.ThegreatAmericanGothicpaintingisinthemedievalEuropeanstyleshowingthefacesofanAmericandentistandhissister.TheBuffalonickelderivesfromanadmirationfortheAmericanBuffaloandtheIndianpeople.ThemostlastingimageofAmericaderivesfromthepartlytruebutmostlyfictitiousstoryofUncleSam.QuestionsonthetopicsandthepassagesWhatarethefivesymbolsoftheUnitedStates?TheyaretheStatueofLiberty,Barbiedolls,AmericanGothic,theBuffalonickel,andUncleSam.WhosefacewastheStatueofLiberty?ItwasmodeledafterBartholdi'smother'sface.Whoisthequeenofthedolls?BarbieAccordingtothetext,howpopularisBarbie?Sinceherintroductionin1959,shehasbecometheuniversallyrecognizedqueenofthedolls.TheaverageAmericangirlownstenBarbiesandtwoaresoldsomewhereintheworldeverysecond.WhopaintedAmericanGothic?Grantwood.WhatwastheBuffalonickelproducedfor?IthonoredapairofconnectedtragediesfromthesettlementoftheAmericanfrontier-thedestructionofthebuffaloherdsandtheAmericanIndians.BackgroundinformationtheStatueofLibertyTheideaofcreatingtheStatueofLibertybeganinFranceatadinnerpartyhostedbyEdouardReneLefebvreLaboulaye,ascholar.LaboulayeandFrederic-AugusteBartholdi,asculptor,begantodiscusstheideaofpresentingtheUnitedStateswithamonumenttomemorializeindependenceandhumanliberty.BartholdisailedfromFrancetoNewYorkonJune8,1871,toproposethebuildingofthestatuetohonorthefriendshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStates.AstheshippulledintoNewYorkHarbor,Bartholdispottedtheperfectlocation,LibertyIsland.FormoreinformationabouttheStatueofLiberty,pleasevisithttpソ//stli/.BarbiedollsItwasthelate1950swhenRuthHandlernoticedherdaughterplayingwithpaperdollsandimaginingthemingrown-uproles.Sincemostdollsatthetimewerebabydolls,Ruthenvisionedonethatwouldinspirelittlegirlstothinkaboutwhattheywantedtobewhentheygrewup.RuthcreatedateenagefashionmodeldollnamedBarbie(afterherdaughter),andtherestishistory.Barbiehasbeenanintegralpartofthelivesofmillionsofyounggirls.Hertimelessappealhasresultedinadedicatedlegionoffansthatlovetocollecther.ToreadmoreaboutthehistoryofBarbiedolls,checkoutthewebpageathttp:〃/~tsawyer/barbie/barb.html.ToviewasamplecollectionofBarbiedolls,takealookathttp:〃.MattelToyCompanyMattelistheworldwideleaderinthedesign,manufacture,andmarketingoftoyproducts.Thecompany'scorebrandsincludeBarbie,HotWheels,Matchbox,Fisher-Price,andAmericanGirl.WithheadquartersinElSegundo,California,Mattelhasofficesandfacilitiesin36countriesandsellsitsproductsinmorethan150nationsthroughouttheworld.FormoreinformationaboutthecompanyaswellasBarbiedolls,pleasevisithttp:〃.AmericanGothicGrantWoodcametoEldoninthelate1920*swithfellowartistandEldonnative,JohnSharp.Hewasinspiredbythecontrastofthemodestlittleone-and-one-half^storyframehousewithits(ashedescribedit)“pretentious“Gothicstylewindows.Thereisoneineachgableend.Hesketchedthehouseonthebackofanenvelopeanduseditasthebackdropinhisworld-renowned1930*spaintingAmericanGothic.Hissister,Nan,andhisdentist,Dr.B.H.McKeeby,posedasthesour-facedcouple.Woodintendedthecoupletorepresentatypicalsmalltownresidentandhisdaughter,butmostinterpretthemasmanandwife.Sincecompletion,GrantWood's1930paintingAmericanGothichasbecomeacriticallyacclaimedworkthatcontinuestoenjoyenormouspopularity.ItalsohasbecomeanAmericaniconandisthemodelforacountlessnumberofcommercialartparodies,suchasposters,cards,andsouvenirs.ThepaintinghangsintheArtInstituteofChicago.ToreadmoreaboutWood,takealookathttp:〃xroads.virginia.cdu/-MA98/haven/wood/gallcry4.html.BuffalonickelIn1911sculptorJamesEarlFraserbegandesigningthe“Buffalo“nickel.Frasersaidtheportraitonthe"head's"sidewasacompositeofthreeAmericanIndians—IronTail,BigTreeandTwoMoons.Fraserhadtheopportunitytostudyandphotographthem

whentheystoppedoffinNewYorkontheirwaytoWashingtontovisitPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt.Byborrowingfeaturesfromeachindividual,Fraserwasabletosketchthe“idear'portraitforthenickel.Themodelforthe"tail's"sideofthecoinwasnoneotherthanBlackDiamond,themostcontraryanimalinNewYork'sBronxZoo.HewasbornofstockdonatedbytheBarnumandBaileycircus.Inhisprime,hiscoatwasunusuallydark,andheweighedmorethan1500pounds.PresidentWilliamHowardTaftapprovedtheartwork,andthefirst"Buffalo"nickelswereproducedinFebruaryof1913.TwoMoonsdiedin1917,andIronTailandBigTreeinthe1920s.Inthe1960s,asecondBigTreeappearedatcoinshowsandclaimedtobetheNativeAmericanonthenickel.Althoughheclaimedtohavecelebratedhis100thbirthdayin1962,laterrecordsindicatedhewasactuallyonly87.FormoreinformationabouttheBuffalonickel,pleasevisithttp:〃/html/edunick.html.NewYorkCity'sCentralParkZooNewYorkCity'sCentralParkZooispartoftheCentralParkestablishment.FormoreinformationaboutCentralParkZoo,pleasevisithttp:〃.UncleSamHistoriansaren'tcompletelycertainhowthecharacter“UncleSam"wascreated,orwho(ifanyone)hewasnamedafter.TheprevailingtheoryisthatUncleSamwasnamedafterSamuelWilson.WilsonwasbominArlington,Mass.,onSeptember13,1766.HischildhoodhomewasinMason,NewHampshire.In1789,heandhisbrotherEbenezerwalkedtoTroy,NewYork.DuringtheWarof1812,Wilsonwasinthebusinessofslaughteringandpackingmeat.HeprovidedlargeshipmentsofmeattotheUSArmy,inbarrelsthatwerestampedwiththeinitials"US".Supposedly,someonewhosawthe"US"stampsuggested一perhapsasajoke-thattheinitialsstoodfor"UncleSam"Wilson.Thesuggestionthatthemeatshipmentscamefrom"UncleSam"ledtotheideathatUncleSamsymbolizedthefederalgovernment.SamuelWilsondiedin1854.HisgraveisintheOakwoodCemeteryinTroy.ThesinglemostfamousportraitofUncleSamisthe"IWANTYOU"ArmyrecruitingposterfromWorldWarI.TheposterwaspaintedbyJamesMontgomeryFlaggin1916-1917.III.TextStructureAnalysisTheoverallstructureofthepassageislisting:theauthorlistedfivefamoussymbolsofAmericanculture.Eachsymbolisparalleltoanotherorthereisamatchingrelationshipbetweenthesymbols.Thefivesymbolsareputtogethertosupportthecentraltopicofthereadingpassage-FiveFamousSymbolsofAmericanCulture.Foreachpartofthepassage,theauthorcentersononespecificsymbol,dealingwithitfromdifferentaspectssuchaswhocreated,whatthecreatorwas,howhecreated,when,andhowthesymbolwasaccepted,etc.Oneofthethreadsthatcannotescapeourattentionisthattheauthoralwaystriestopresentthestoryaccordingtothetimesequence.TheStatueofLiberty(Para.1-3)FiveFamousSymbolsWhocreatedtheStatueofLibertyandwhatwashe?When?Whatisthepurposetocreatethestatue?Whatdoweknowaboutthecreator?FiveFamousSymbolsItisapaintingcreatedbyGrantWood.HegottheinspirationfromtheGothicwindowofanoldfannhouseandheusedhisdentistinhispainting.Para.9-10HowdopeoplefeelaboutAmericanGothic?Nanremarkedthatthepaintingsavedherfromaveryboringlife.paral1TheBuffaloNickel(Para.12-14)WhatdoweknowaboutAmericancoins?WhocreatedtheBuffalonickel?AmericancoinshonorprominentfiguresoftheUSgovernmentbuttheBuffalonickelhasthreeactualAmericanIndiansasmodels.ItwasJamesEarleFraserwhocreatedtheBuffalonickel.paral2-13HowwastheBuffalonickelcreated?Asmostofthebuffaloeswerekilled,JamesEarleFraserwasforcedtosketchanagingbuffalofromNewYorkCity'sCentralParkZooforthecoin.Para.14UncleSam(Paras.15-17)WhatistheoriginofUncleSam?UncleSamcamefromsomeonewhowascalledSamWilson.SamWilsonjoinedinAmericanRevolutionatanearlyageandat23,hestartedameatpackingbusiness.Duringalaterwarin1812,hesuppliedthearmywithmeatstamped“EA-US”,identifyingthecompany(EA)andcountryoforigin(US).ThenitwassaidthatUSstoodfor“UncleSam"andUncleSamsoonearnedhisfameasafiguresupplyingthearmy.Paras.15-16HowdidtheportraitofUncleSamcometobeknown?Afterthewar,acharactercalledUncleSambecamepopularinpoliticalcartoons,whichcamefromanearliercartooncharactercalledBrotherJonathan.ThenyearslateritwasanAmericanartist,JamesMontgomeryFlaggwhocreatedthemostenduringportraitofUncleSam,atallmanwithwhitehairandasmallwhitebeardonhischin,adarkbluecoatandatallhatwithstarsonit.Para.17StructuredWritingAmongallthewritingskillsused,thewriternarratesthestoryaccordingtotheprincipleof"firstthingfirst",i.e.accordingtothetimesequence.Thewritingtechniqueoftimesequenceisveryobviousinthispassage,eachtimethewriterdealswiththesymbols,hedevelopsthecontentaccordingtothesequenceoftimewithcleartimemarkerstohelpusfollowthethread.Nowlet'shavealookatthepartfocusesonTheStatueofLiberty:TheStatue〇fLiberty(1-3)Timemarker:Inthemid-1870sFrenchartistFredericAugusteBartholdiwasworkingontheprojectcalledLibertyEnlighteningtheWorldtocelebrateUSindependenceandtheFrance-AmericaallianceマfTimemarker:in1876Bartholdiwasinlovewithawomanwhomhemarriedinspiteofhismother'sobjection.FTimemarker:inthesameyear,1876Bartholdiassembledthestatue'srightarmandtorchrTimemarker:in1886TheStatueofLibertywasdedicatedonanislandinuppernewYorkBayandhecalledit“mydaughter,Liberty''.DetailedstudyoftheTextWords&PhrasesStudystatuen.[C]ahumanoranimalimagemadeofwood,stone,bronze,etc,雕像,塑像TheyplannedtoputupastatueforthePresident.他們計劃為總統(tǒng)立一尊雕像。AstatueofNelsonstandsatthetopofNelson'sColumn.納爾遜的雕像聳立在納爾遜紀(jì)念柱頂端。[辨析]statue,stature,statusstatue：alikenessofapersonorananimal人或動物的塑像thestatueofLuXun魯迅塑像stature:aperson'snaturalheight人的身咼Motherisofverysmallstature,barelyfivefeettall.母親個子不高,還不到五英尺。status:aconditionthatdeterminesone'sfbnnalposition人的地位,身份Theawardenhancedthemusician'sstatus.這項獎勵提高了這位音樂家的地位。libertyn.1)[U]thefreedomandtherighttodowhateveronewants自由(權(quán))Hundredsofpoliticalprisonersaretobegiventheirliberty.成百上千的政治犯將獲得自由。Childrenhavemorelibertynowthantheyusedto.如今丿し童ヒ匕以前自由多了。somethingyoudowithoutaskingpermission,whichmayoffendorupsetsomeoneelse許可,允準(zhǔn)Studentshavelibertytouseallthelibraryfacilities.學(xué)生們可以使用圖書管里所有的圖書資料。[擴展]atliberty自由的,有權(quán)的,有空閑的takeliberty(liberties)過于隨便,隨意改變rmationaboutsth.sothattheyunderstandmoreaboutit啟發(fā);指導(dǎo)Idon*tunderstandthisparagraphthatyou'vewrittenhere.Couldyouenlightenme?我讀不懂你寫的這段話。你能給我講講嗎?Theobjectofhisnovelwritingistoamuseandenlightenthegeneralreaders.他寫小說的目的在于使廣大讀者得到娛樂并受到教育。[擴展]enlighteneda.開明的,有知識的;enlighteninga.有啟迪作用的,使人領(lǐng)悟的;enlightenmenta啟迪,啟發(fā),教育monumentn.[C]abuilding,statue,etc.thatisbuilttoremindpeopleofafamouspersonorimportantevent紀(jì)念碑Inthesquareinfrontofthehotelstandsamonumenttoallthepeoplekilledinthewar.在那家旅館前的廣場上矗立著一座紀(jì)念戰(zhàn)爭死難者的紀(jì)念碑。TheLincolnMemorialisanationalmonument.林肯紀(jì)念堂為國家級文物單位。independencen[U]freedomfromcontrolbyanotherperson,country,etc.獨乂;自主In1947IndiaachievedindependencefromBritain.印度在1947年脫離英國獨立。Theoldladyrefusedtogointoanursinghomebecauseshedidn'twanttoloseherindependence.這位老太太不想失去自由,所以拒絕入住養(yǎng)老院。alliancen,[C,U]agroupofcountries,politicalpartiesorpeoplewhohaveagreedtoworktogetherforthesameinterestsoraim同盟,聯(lián)盟Switzerlandpridesitselfonbeingacountrywhichdoesnotbelongtoanymilitaryalliance.瑞士以不屬于任何軍事聯(lián)盟的國家而自豪。Thestudentstriedtoformanalliancebetweenthemselvesandtheworkers.學(xué)生試圖與工人結(jié)成聯(lián)盟。approve1)vz.(-of)thinkthatsb.orsth.isgood,right,orsuitable贊成,贊許HermotherdoesnotapproveofherfriendshipwithJohn.她母親不贊成她與約翰交朋友。Idon'tapproveofsmokinginpublicplaces.我不贊成在公共場合吸煙。2)vt.officiallyacceptaplan,proposal,etc.扌比準(zhǔn);同意Wehadtowaitmonthsforthegovernmenttoapproveourplanstoextendourhouse.為了獲得市政府對我們擴建房屋計劃的批準(zhǔn),我們得等上幾個月〇Thecompanypresidentapprovedthebuildingplans.公司總裁批準(zhǔn)了建筑計劃。affectionn.［sing.,U］afeelingoflikingorlove喜愛;愛慕Shefeelsaffectiontowardsherchildren.她對自己的孩子懷有慈愛的感情。Hiskindnessincreasedthechild'saffectionforhim.他的仁慈加深了孩子對他的愛。［擴展］affectionala,感情(或愛情)方面的;affectionatelyad.充滿深情地,出于柔情地assemblevt.fittogetherthepartsofsth.組裝,裝酉己MarthaassembledherlatestdoIPshouseveryquickly.瑪莎很快地組裝好了她最新的ー間玩具屋。Someboysliketoassemblemodelairplanes.有些男孩喜歡組裝飛機模型。レ.(causepeopleorthingsto)cometogether(使)集合;(使)聚集Thegrandfatherhadassembledallthemembersofthefamilyfortheyearlypicnic.祖父把一家人聚在ー起參加一年一度的野餐。Whenthefirealarmrangweassembledoutsidetheemergencyexit.當(dāng)火警信號響起時,我們都聚集到緊急出口外。［辨析］assemble,gather,collect,congregateassemble指為了某個目標(biāo)而進(jìn)行收集、調(diào)集、聚集等活動,可以用于人、物或組織。gather指把分散的聚集在一起,也可以指把人或牲畜集合在ー起,一般指由少積多的收集,如:Citizensgatheredincrowdsinthestreet,waitingforthenewsofvictory.市民們一群群聚集在街上,等待著勝利的消息。collect強調(diào)把某些特殊種類的東西一點一點地聚集起來,如:Hecollectedalotofvaluablestamps.他收集了許多有價值的郵票。congregate指自發(fā)地、出自本能地或隨便地、任意地、散亂地集合在ー起,如:Enthusiasticfanscongregatedaroundthesinger.狂熱的仰慕者聚集在歌手周圍。［反義詞］scatter使分散,驅(qū)散;disassemble拆卸,拆開torchn.1)［C］alongstickwithburningmaterialatoneendthatproduceslight火炬Thedryforestwentuplikeatorch.干燥的森林像火炬ー樣燃燒起來。TheOlympictorchiscarriedbyrunnerstotheplacewherethegamesarebeingheld.奧林匹克運動會的火炬由長跑選手運送到奧運會比賽會場。[C]asmallelectriclampthatcanbecarriedinhand手電筒Hetookthetorchanddisappearedintothedark.他拿過手電筒,隨即消失在黑暗中。Peoplehadbeenbuyingupthetorchesandcandlesbecauseofthepredictedstrikebyelectricityworkers.由于有預(yù)告說電廠工人要罷エ,人們一直在搶購手電筒和蠟燭。dedicatevtA）holdanofficialceremonytosaythatabuilding,organization,etc.isestablished%（建筑物等）舉行落成儀式ThenewchurchwillbededicatedonSunday.新教堂的落成儀式將在星期日舉行。2）giveallone'sattentionandefforttooneparticularthing把（自己,一生等）獻(xiàn)給,把（時間,精力等）用于（to）Thedoctordedicatedherselftofindingacureforlungcancer.這位醫(yī)生畢生都在探索治療肺癌的方法。Theactressdedicatesherselftocharitywork.那名女演員全身心投入了慈善事業(yè)。co-foundern.[C]apersonwhocreatesanorganizationincooperationwithothers聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人Eachco-foundercontributeshis/herownpartintheestablishmentofthecompany.每個聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人在創(chuàng)建公司時都做出了自己的貢獻(xiàn)。Theyaretheco-foundersofthecarcompany.他們是該汽車公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人。three-dimensionala.（also3-D）havinglength,widthandheight二維的Inmanywaysitwouldbepreferabletoattempttopictureathree-dimensionalstructureasinthefollowingfigure.從多方面來看,最好是嘗試畫一個如下圖所示的三維結(jié)構(gòu)。Drawingthree-dimensionalobjectsisquitedifficult,butforcomputersthetaskisalmostaseasyasdrawingatwodimensionalobject.畫三維物體很難,但對計算機來說這就像畫二維物體ー樣容易。refashionvt.shapeormakeagain重新制作;重新塑造Sherefashionedtheclayintoapot.她把粘土再制成罐。Canyourefashionthisdressintoaskirt?你能將這件連衣裙改成短裙子嗎?exaggeratev.makesth.seemlarger,moreimportant,betterorworsethanitreallyis夸張;夸大Thethreatofattackhasbeengreatlyexaggerated.進(jìn)攻的威脅被極度夸張了。Thenewspaperaccountsareexaggerated.這新聞報道的內(nèi)容是言過其實的。[擴展]exaggerateda.夸張的,言過其實的;exaggeration〃,夸大,夸張exaggeratorya夸大的;exaggerator〃.浮夸的人[引申]（同義詞）enlarge擴大,擴充;magnify放大,擴充；overdo過分使用,把...做得過分;overstate把…講得過分,強調(diào)(反義詞)belittle輕視,小看,貶低;understate少說,少報[辨析]exaggerate,overstateexaggerate較為正式,指使某事、物比事實上看起來更大,更糟等,后面常跟抽象名詞或具體名詞,如:Keeptothefactsanddon'texaggerate.嚴(yán)格按照事實,不要夸大其詞。overstate強調(diào)語言上的言過其實、夸大、夸張,如:Heoverstatedtheimportanceofreligioninhislecture.他在講話中夸大了宗教的重要性。breastn.[C]theupperfrontpartofthebodybetweentheneckandthestomach乳房;胸部Thebabyisfeedingfromitsmother'srightbreast.嬰兒正吮吸母親的右乳。Shehadbreastcancerwhenshewasyoungbutrecoveredandlivedtoaripeoldage.她年輕時得過乳腺癌,但已經(jīng)痊愈,而且活到高齡。[51￠]makeacleanbreastof完全承認(rèn);徹底坦白;把一和盤托出versionn.1.)[C]acopyofsth.thatisslightlydifferentfromtheoriginal版本TwodifferentversionsofGonewiththeWindarenowbeingmadeinHollywood.目前好萊塢在拍攝兩部不同版本的《亂世佳人》。Thisdressisacheaperversionoftheonewesawinthatshop.這件連衣裙是我們在那家商店看到的那件的廉價仿制品。2.)[C]anaccountofanevent敘述;說法Theofficialversionoftheeventisthatthepolicewereattackedandwerejusttryingtodefendthemselves.對此次事件的官方說法是警察受到了襲擊,他們只是想自衛(wèi)。Sheaskedadifferentversionofthequestion.她換了一種形式問這個問題。universala.1.)involvingeveryoneintheworldorinaparticulargroup全體的;普遍的CharlieChaplinisanactorofuniversalliking.查理.卓別林是一位受大眾喜愛的演員。Thenewreformshavenotmetwithuniversalapprovalwithinthegovernment.新的改革在政府內(nèi)沒有得到全體一致贊同。trueorsuitableineverysituation通用的;萬能的Weneedauniversalmillingmachine.我們需要一臺萬能銃床。Thismachinehasauniversaluseinthehome.這種機器在家庭中有廣泛的用途。universallyad.worldwideorinallsituations普遍地;無一例外地Thebasiccertificateisauniversallyrecognizedqualification.基本證書是普遍接受的資格證明。Itisauniversallyacknowledgedtruththatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.ー個富有的單身漢一定需要一個妻子,這是ー個普遍公認(rèn)的真理。planetn.1.)(the?)theEarth地球Themagazineliststhetop50mostinfluentialpeopleontheplanetforthelastyear.該雜志列出了去年世界上最有影響的五十位人士。Energyconservationisvitalforthefutureoftheplanet.保護(hù)能源對于世界的未來極其重要。2.)[C]alargebodyinspacethatmovesaroundthesunoranotherstar行星Istherelifeonotherplanets?在其他行星上有生命嗎?TheEarthisaplanet.地球是ー顆行星。famen.[U]thestateofbeingfamous名聲;名望ShemovedtoLondoninsearchoffameandfortune.她移居倫敦,尋求聲譽和財富。Hisfameasapoetdidnotcomeuntilafterhisdeath.作為一名詩人,他死后オ得到人們的認(rèn)可。interpretationn.[C,U]anexplanationorunderstandingofsth.I闌釋;說明Whatinterpretationwouldyouputonthesefacts?對于這些事實你作何解釋?Theargumentisbasedontwowidelydifferentinterpretationsofthelaw.爭論是基于對法律的兩種大相徑庭的解釋。solemna.seriousinbehaviororstyle莊嚴(yán)的;肅穆的;嚴(yán)肅的TherewasasolemnsilencewhenthePopeappeared.教皇出現(xiàn)時,人群一片肅穆。Theburialserviceisperformedwithsolemnandmournfulmusic.葬禮儀式在莊嚴(yán)的哀樂聲中舉行。[擴展]solemnlyad.嚴(yán)肅地,莊重地;solemnity機莊嚴(yán),嚴(yán)肅,莊重[弓I申](同義詞)serious嚴(yán)肅的,認(rèn)真的(反義詞)light-hearted輕松愉快的,漫不經(jīng)心的medievala.1)oftheMiddleAges(aboutAD1100-1500)中世紀(jì)的amedievalbuilding中世紀(jì)的建筑物2)oldoroldfashioned老式的,守舊的,(貶)原始的,不文明的rathermedievalmethodsofsavingenergy相當(dāng)落后的節(jié)能方法Someoftheirmethodsofpunishmentareabsolutelymedieval.他們的ー些處罰方法簡直野蠻極了。gravea.1)lookingquietandserious嚴(yán)肅的Hewasstandingquietlywithagraveface.他沉默地站在那兒,ー臉嚴(yán)肅。Helookedgraveashetoldthemabouttheaccident.他向他們講述事故的有關(guān)情況時,神情十分嚴(yán)肅。lookingseriousandworried嚴(yán)重的;擔(dān)憂的Itwasagravemistakewhenheaccusedmeoflying.他指控我說謊,這是ー個嚴(yán)重的錯誤。Theinternationalsituationisbecomingamatterofgraveconcern.國際形勢正引起人們的密切關(guān)注。n.theplaceinthegroundwhereadeadpersonisburied墓穴,埋葬處Gravecomestoallmen.人都有一死。[擴展]digone9sowngrave自掘墳?zāi)?自取滅亡turninone'sgrave含恨而終haveonefootinthegrave半截入土了,死期不遠(yuǎn)了silentasthegrave死一般的寂靜alongsideprep,beside;togetherwith在…旁邊;和…一起Putthisclothalongsiderealsilk,andyouwillatonceseethedifference.把這塊料子同真絲放在一起相比,就立刻看出不同來了。Itisapleasuretoworkalongsidesuchmen.和這些人ー起工作很愉快。portraitn.[C]apictureorpaintingofaperson肖像;畫像Heisfamousforhisportraitsofmanygreatpersonages.他以所繪的許多偉人肖像畫出名。Sheaskedanartisttopaintherportrait.她請一位藝術(shù)家為她畫一幅肖像。buffalon.[C]anyofseveralkindsofverylargeblackcattlewithlongflattishcurvedhorns,foundmainlyinAsiaandAfrica野牛Buffaloesmigratedacrosstheplains.野牛遷徙過平原。Partofthismountainisanationalpark,aprotectedareaforseveralspeciesofanimals,includingelephantandbuffalo.這座山的一部分是國家公園,是包括大象和野牛在內(nèi)的幾個動物品種的保護(hù)區(qū)。nickeln.[C]acoinoftheUSorCanadaworthfivecents(美國或加拿大的)五分鍥幣IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,anickelisacoinworthfivecents.在美國和加拿大,ー個鍥幣值五分錢。Ihadjustthat-adollarbill,aquarter,twodimesandanickel.我那時只有那么多錢ーー張一美元的鈔票,硬幣有一個二角五分的,兩個一角的和ー個五分的。tragedyn.1)[CzU]aterribleeventthatcausesgreatsadness悲劇;不幸Thepilotstoppedatragedywhenhesucceededinpreventingtheplanefromcrashing.駕駛員成功地避免了飛機的墜毀,從而避免了一場悲劇。Hislifewastouchedbyhardshipandpersonaltragedy.艱難和個人不幸使他的生活蒙上了陰影。[C]aseriousplaythathasasadending悲劇作品Tragedyfacesuptothehorrorsoflife.悲劇作品敢于直面人生的種種恐怖。Shakespearewrotehistoriesandtragedies.莎士比亞寫過歷史劇和悲劇。settlementn.1)[U]themovementofanewpopulationintoaplacetolivethere移民;拓居WhendidthesettlementofCarolinabegin?卡羅來納殖民地的開拓是什么時候開始的?Settlementsstartedtoappearallalongtheriver.人們開始沿著這條河定居。2)[C,U]anagreementthatendsanargument決定?協(xié)議Followingthesettlementofthestrike,thetrainserviceisnowbacktonormal.在罷エ問題解決之后,鐵路交通現(xiàn)在已恢復(fù)正常。Themanagementhasreachedasettlementwiththeunionoverthepay.資方與工會就工資問題達(dá)成了協(xié)議。[引申(同義詞)agreement,resolution解決,協(xié)議frontiern.1)(the?)anareawherepeoplehaveneverlivedbefore,hewesternUSbeforethe20thcentury(尤指20世紀(jì)前美國西部的)邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)Heavyfightingtookplacelastnightatthefrontier.昨晚在邊境上發(fā)生了激戰(zhàn)。Sincethenthecountryhasneverhadpeacewithinherfrontiers.自那時起,這個國家就從未太平過。2)(-s)thelimitofwhatisknownaboutsth.前沿;尖端thefrontiersofmedicine醫(yī)學(xué)研究的新領(lǐng)域Manyscientistsenjoytheexcitementofworkingatthefrontiersofknowledge.許多科學(xué)家喜歡在知識領(lǐng)域的前沿探索時的那種興奮感。[引申](同義詞)bordern,界限,邊沿;boundaryn,分界線,界限;edge幾邊線,邊緣destructionn.[U]theactofdestroyingorstateofbeingdestroyed破壞;毀壞Drugtakingwashisdestruction.吸毒毀了他。Theenemybombscausedwidespreaddestruction.敵人的炸彈造成廣泛的破壞。herdn.[C]alargegroupofanimalsofthesametypewhichliveandfeedtogether牧群Aherdofdeerismakingitswaythroughthepark.一群鹿正在穿越公園。Theherdofcowswerescatteredoverthefield..牛群散布在田野上。decorationn.l)[c]sth.thatisusedtodecoratesth.else裝飾品Theonlydecorationintheroomwasapictureabovethefireplace.房間里唯一的裝飾品是掛在壁爐上方的那幅畫。Allthatglittersmaynotbegold,butthesedecorationswouldaddeleganceandsparkletoanyChristmastree.發(fā)光的不都是金子,但是這些裝飾品可給圣誕樹增添雅致和光亮。2)[U]theactorartofdecorating裝飾;裝飾藝術(shù)HeisanexpertonIslamicdecoration.他是位伊斯蘭裝飾藝術(shù)的專家。Theseplantsaregrownmainlyfbrdecoration.種這些樹主要是用于裝飾。hornn.1).[C]ahard,pointed,oftencurvedpartthatgrowsfromthetopoftheheadsofsomeanimals(牛、羊等的)角Amaturecowhashorns.成熟的母牛有一對角。Hornsareveryusefulweaponsforsomeanimals.對某些動物來說,角是非常有用的武器。2)[C]adeviceforsoundingawarningsigna!喇叭;號角Thebusdriversoundedhishornatthechildreninthestreet.公共汽車駕駛員向街上的孩子們鳴喇叭。Acarpassedhimattopspeed,soundingitshorn.ー輛汽車鳴著喇叭,全速從他身邊駛過。liberatevt.setsb.orsth.free解放;釋放Wemusttryourbesttoliberateourpeoplefrompoverty.我們必須盡力把人們從貧窮中解救出來。Theysaidtheywouldsendtroopstoliberatetheoccupiedcountry.他們說他們會派兵解放被占領(lǐng)的國家。colonyn.[C]acountryorareaunderthepoliticalcontrolofanothercountry殖民施In1980theformerBritishcolonygainedindependence.這個英國殖民國家于1980年獲得獨立。TheUnitedStateswasonceacolonyofGreatBritain.美國曾是英國的殖民地。meat-packingn.[U](AmE)thepreparationofanimalsthathavebeenkilledsothattheycanbesoldasmeat肉類加工ameat-packingworkshop肉類加工車間Hewentintomeat-packingbusinessfiveyearsagoandmadealotofmoney.五年前他做起了肉類加工生意,賺了很多錢。reputationn.[CzU]theopinionthatpeoplehaveaboutsb.orsth.名聲;名望Thecompanyhasaworldwidereputationforquality.這家公司的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量在全球享有聲譽。Hiswifesaidthathehadthereputationofbeingaheavysmoker.他妻子說他是個有名的煙鬼。inspectvt.l.)lookatsth.closelyoringreatdetail檢查Afterthecrashbothdriversgotoutandinspectedtheircarsfordamage.汽車相撞后,兩輛車的司機都下來檢查車有無損壞。Thebossinspectedtheworkdonesofarandseemedquitepleased.老板檢查了目前己完成的工作,看起來很滿意。2.)makeanofficialvisittomakesurethatworkisbeingdoneproperly視察,檢閱Allfoodshopsshouldbeinspectedregularly.所有的食品商店都應(yīng)定期檢查。Eachhotelisinspectedeverymonthtomakesurethatitmeetscertainstandards.每個月對所有旅館都進(jìn)行視察以確保其達(dá)到一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。[擴展]inspection九檢查,視察;inspector九檢查員,監(jiān)察員[辨析]examine,inspect,investigateexamine既可指粗略查看,也可指對細(xì)節(jié)的調(diào)查和研究,如:Thedoctorexaminedthegirlcarefullyandfoundherinperfecthealth.醫(yī)生為女孩仔細(xì)檢查身體,發(fā)現(xiàn)她健康狀況極好。inspect指按照一定質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全面檢查某物,含有挑剔之意,如:Youshouldaskthemechanictoinspectthetires.你應(yīng)該請機械師檢查ー下輪胎的情況。investigate指為了發(fā)現(xiàn)事實真相或了解掌握某種情況而做深入細(xì)致的現(xiàn)場調(diào)研,含有徹底地和探究性的意思,如:Thedirectorisinvestigatingconditionsatthefoodshops.廠長正在對食品車間的情況作調(diào)查研究。contractn.[C]alegalwrittenagreement合同,契約Theymighttrytotakelegalactionagainstyouifyoubreakthecontract.如果你違反合同,他們可能會對你采取法律行動。Accordingtothetermsofyourcontractyoumustgivethreemonths'noticeifyouintendtoleave.根據(jù)你的合同條款,如果你想走,必須提前3個月提交辭職申請。v.l)tosettleorarrangebyformalagreement立約規(guī)定(或雇傭,承擔(dān),執(zhí)行等)Thetwobusinessescontractedamerger.這兩家商號立約合并。Hisfinnhasbeencontractedtosupplyallthefurnitureforthenewbuilding.他的公司簽了合同,為新建大樓提供家具。2)makesmallerinsize收縮,變小Metalcontractsoncooling.金屬冷卻時收縮。Bloodisonlyexpelledfromtheheartwhenitcontracts.當(dāng)心臟收縮時,血液オ被泵出心臟。[擴展]breakthecontract終止合同drawupacontract起草合同signacontract簽訂合同contractin保證參加contractoutof退出或不參加某合約originn.l)[C,U]theplaceorsituationinwhichsth.beginstoexist起源;開端Whatistheoriginoftherumor?這謠言是從哪里傳出來的?Allmeatshouldbeclearlylabeledwithitscountryoforigin.所有的肉類都應(yīng)清楚地標(biāo)示其來源國。2)(?s)thecountry,race,ortyp