英漢翻譯之定語從句課件

英漢翻譯之變通：改變句式—定語從句的譯法1,定語從句分為限制性（restrictive)和非限制性(non-restrictive)兩種，都放在先行詞(antecedent)后面。2,限制性定語從句：與先行詞之間無逗號(hào)隔開，用以修飾先行詞；Theyarealsovoterswhohelpinfluencethedecisionofthegovernment.3，非限制性定語從句：與先行詞間用逗號(hào)隔開，對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充性敘述或說明；Othergovernmentalactivitiesaretheresponsibilitiesoftheindividualsates,whichhavetheirownconstitutionsandlaws.Thusthepeopleoftheentirecommunity,notjusttheparentsofthechildrenwhoattend,payforpublicschools,whicharefreeandopentoeveryone.Amanwhodoesnotknowforeignlanguagesisignorantofhisown.ItistheplacewhereAmericainvestsitsmoney.Studentsoftheseschools,however,aswellasthoseinprivatecolleges,mustpaytuition,butthestatesschoolsaremuchlessexpensivethanprivateones,particularlyforstudentswhoareresidentsofthestate.Hewhoisjealousandcannotachieveanythinggreathimselftrieseverymeanstodevaluateandbelittleothers’greatnesstohisstatus.有嫉妒心，且什么大事自己也干不成的人常常千方百計(jì)地去低估并貶低他人的偉大，使之與他本人地位相等。ThesamedayanengineerinFloridadecidestousethesavingswhichhehasaccumulatedtobuy100sharesofGeneralMotor’sstock.Heisthebestgeneralwhomakesthefewestmistakes.Chancesfavorthemindsthatareprepared.惟有時(shí)時(shí)刻刻做好思想準(zhǔn)備的人，才能抓住機(jī)遇。?Wordsaretheonlythingsthatlastforever.語言是唯一能永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)下去的東西。限制性定語從句譯法的靈活性：譯例賞析：TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.

他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國人曾為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。

Bothoilandnaturalgasaretransportedinpipelineswhichstretchforhundredsofmilesfromtheoilfieldstowherethematerialsaretobeused.Ifyourcityusesnaturalgas,wheneveryouturnonagasburner,youopenapipewhoseotherendmaygodownintothegroundathousandmilesormoreaway.石油和天然氣都用管道輸送，這種管道從油田到使用地點(diǎn)長達(dá)數(shù)百英里。如果你所在的城市使用天然氣，那么每當(dāng)你扭開氣爐時(shí)，你開啟的管子的另一端可能在一千英里以外的地底下。WorldWarIIwas,however,morecomplexthanWorldWarI,whichwasacollisionamongtheimperialistpowersoverthespoilsofmarkets,resourcesandterritories.

第一次世界大戰(zhàn)是帝國主義列強(qiáng)之間爭奪市場、資源和領(lǐng)土的沖突，而第二次世界大戰(zhàn)卻比第一次復(fù)雜。

Beingreluctanttothink,unwillingtostudyintensivelyandunderstanddeeplyandbeingcomplacentandsatisfiedatinsignificantknowledgeallarecausesofpoorintelligence,whichcanbetermedas“foolish”.懶于思索，不愿意鉆研和深入理解，自滿和滿足于微不足道的知識(shí)，都是智力貧乏的原因。這種貧乏通常用兩個(gè)來稱呼，這就叫“愚蠢”。Manyaspiringtobeelectedasthepartycandidateemploytoppublicrelationsandadvertisingman,whoinventclevercatchphraseandsetabout“selling”theirman.許多想成為該黨總統(tǒng)候選人的人聘請(qǐng)頂級(jí)公共關(guān)系和宣傳專家，由他們撰寫別出心裁的宣傳口號(hào)，“推銷”他們?yōu)橹ЯΦ暮蜻x人。ThePrimeministerwillvisitthetowninJune,whenhewillopenthenewhospital.3，融合法：Welookforwardtothedaywhenthescientistscandiscovermoresecretoftheuniverse.我們期待著有一天科學(xué)家能揭開更多的關(guān)于宇宙的奧秘。Shewasperfect:pinkskin,largeblueeyes,andlonggoldenhairthatfelloverhershoulderstoherwaist.她長得極完美：白里透紅的膚色，藍(lán)澈澈的大眼睛，長長的金發(fā)從肩膀垂到腰部。Itwasanoldwoman,tallandshapelystill,thoughwitheredbytime,onwhomhiseyesfellwhenhestoppedandturned.他站住，轉(zhuǎn)過身來，定睛一看，原來是個(gè)年邁的婦人，她身材修長，雖然歲月的折磨使她顯得有些憔悴，但風(fēng)韻猶存。Ialwaysdividepeopleintotwogroups.Thosewholivebywhattheyknowtobealie,andthosewholivebywhattheybelieve,falsely,tobethetruth.我總把人分成兩類。一類是靠他們所認(rèn)為的謊言為生，另一類是靠他們所誤認(rèn)的真理為生。Thebestbookarethosewhosereadersthinktheycouldhavewrittenthem.最好的書是使讀者覺得這些書像他們自己寫的。譯法的靈活性：TheNewYorkStockExchangesimplyservesasaplacewherebrokersbuyandsellfortheirclients.紐約證券交易所只提供一個(gè)場所，讓股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人替客戶買賣股票。TheUnitedStateshaslongbeenknownasa“meltingpot”,becausemanyofitspeoplearedescendedfromsettlerswhocamefromalltheworldtomaketheirhomesinthenewland.美國歷來以“民族熔爐”著稱，因?yàn)樵S多美國人是移民的后裔，當(dāng)年這些移民從世界各地來到這塊新土地上安家落戶。IndividualrightsandfreedomareassuredintheConstitutionandarelistedinthefirst10amendmentscalled“BillofRights”，whichwereaddedin1791.Thenewairport,whichismerelyhalfanhour’sdrivefromthecityhall,isthebiggestinternationalairportinthearea.ThemostimportantthingtoknowisthatMrs.ThatcherisprimeministerinthegovernmentofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandbuthasnorankandauthorityinalotofplacesthatareassociatedwithQueenElizabeth.ThatcherissolelyandexclusivelyBritish.TheQueenisagoodmanyotherthingsbesidesaBritainQueen.要知道的最重要的一點(diǎn)是：撒切爾夫人僅是大不列顛及北愛爾蘭的政府首相而已。在與伊麗莎白女王有關(guān)的許多地方，她既無官銜也無權(quán)力。撒切爾只是英國的撒切爾，而女王除了做英國的女王外，還有許多其它身份。1,Wehavenomorerighttoconsumehappinesswithoutproducingitthantoconsumewealthwithoutproducingit.2,Generally,therearetwodistinctphilosophiesonhowtobringupthechildsothatinmaturityhedoesnotmakeanuisanceofhimself.3,Alongstragglingfellowheis,brownandhard-haired,