虛擬語氣講解版課件

虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Definition陳述語氣（theIndicativeMood）用來陳述一個事實，或提出一個想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.虛語語氣（theSubjunctiveMood）表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時是一種非真實的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實現(xiàn)的與事實相反的愿望。Definition陳述語氣（theIndicative1.虛擬語氣的考點1、條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；5、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。1.虛擬語氣的考點if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句區(qū)別:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved. 陳述語氣

Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved. 虛擬語氣區(qū)別:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecIf+主

+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+動詞原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我會再試一次。2.如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句If+主+did(were),主+would/shIf+主

+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+動詞完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過這次考試。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是當(dāng)時我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/s與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時間狀語)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他這件事.2.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他.If+主

+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+動詞原形與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時間狀語)IfhecaIfyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;mightIftheparents______atthehospitalearlierafter

theaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrivedIfyou__________tomorrow,youIfhe_________he___________thatfood.

Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottakenIfhe_________he___________tIdidn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhavepreventedIdidn’tseeyoursisteratth倒裝的If虛擬句倒裝的If虛擬句條件狀語的倒裝：如果條件狀語中有were,had,should時,可以倒裝成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,

Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,

wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.條件狀語的倒裝：如果條件狀語中有were,had,sho_________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will_________theexam,hewouldhawish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlydid/were現(xiàn)在haddone過去would/might/woulddo將來IwishIrememberedtheaddres5.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了

=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我沒錯過火車就好了.5.Ifonly要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”

A.had B.did C.have D.willIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee

Exercises:“Haveyouvisitedt-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach-----Heisabraveman.A.HaveThepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoingThepictureexhibitionboredmasif/thoughasif/though

區(qū)別：{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. 陳述語氣HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 虛擬語氣區(qū)別：{HespeaksEnglishasif/2.asif/though+Clause現(xiàn)在：過去：將來:did/were(現(xiàn)在)haddone(過去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.

would+動詞原形(將來)2.asif/though+Clause現(xiàn)在：d虛擬語氣

SubjunctiveMood時間條件從句if主句過去haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedone現(xiàn)在did/werewould/should/could/mightdo將來1.shoulddo2.weretodo3.did退一步海闊天空evenif/though,wish,ifonly等從句的虛擬與它相同。虛擬語氣SubjunctiveMood時間條名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語氣的動詞名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語氣的動詞如果我是你，我就聽從他的建議。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去如果你聽我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會這么糟糕了。從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在如果這些天一直沒下雨，我們現(xiàn)在可以進行工作了。從句表過去進行，主句表現(xiàn)在進行Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.如果我是你，我就聽從他的建議。IfIwereyou,注意:主從句時間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣(混合條件句):

有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果與主句中的動作，發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。

注意:Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你當(dāng)時聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。）Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。）Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemon

suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，以(should)+v原的形式出現(xiàn)。Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.

Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors

(should)getdowntoworkatonce.suggest,order,demand,propoIt’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。

It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)be

taughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.It’ssuggested(ordered,dema

以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應(yīng)以

(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。

Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.

Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftimeMyadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句Mysugges注意:當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“堅持認(rèn)為、強調(diào)”時不用虛擬！HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.IinsistthathewaswrongHissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecisionHeinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.注意:當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“堅持虛擬語氣特殊句型：虛擬語氣特殊句型：1.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時過去完成時過去時Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.1.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去時過去完成注意:在主語＋would(had)rather＋that賓語從句中，從句謂語一般用過去式表示虛擬形式。例如:我真希望你告訴我真相。

I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.我寧愿不再見著你。

I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.我倒希望他們和我一起去。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.注意:在主語＋would(had)rather＋th(1)對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,謂語動詞用過去時(系動詞用were),意指主從句謂語表示的動詞同時發(fā)生.例如:他看起來好象病了.Helooksasifhewereill.他感到他應(yīng)該獨自對發(fā)生的事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任.Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.(1)對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,謂語動詞用過去時(系動詞用were)(2)對過去的虛擬謂語動詞使用had+過去分詞,

意指從句謂語動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前.例如:她英語說的很好就象是在英國學(xué)習(xí)的一樣.ShespokeEnglishwellasifshehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.我記得整件事情就象是昨天發(fā)生的一樣.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.(2)對過去的虛擬謂語動詞使用had+過去分詞,意指從句(3)對未來的虛擬謂語動詞使用would+動詞原形,意指從句謂語動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之后.例如:史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.Mrs.Smithsobbedasifherheartwouldbreak.(3)對未來的虛擬謂語動詞使用would+動詞原形,意指Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.wouldWhenapencilispartlyinag注意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。Itlooksasifyouaretired.注意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用3.It’s(about/high)time+that---過去時should+V.你該走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我們該去睡覺了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.3.It’s(about/high)time+tha4.without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.4.without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬。butfo5.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了

=IwishIfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!5.Ifonly要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。(2)=aslongas

常用陳述語氣.如果我們緊密團結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.(2)=aslongas常用陳述語氣.6.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動詞原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.6.It’snecessary/strange/n7.otherwise和supposing也可以引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣。例如：Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.I’mgettingcold,otherwiseIwouldkeepher.Suppose(supposing)yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere,whatwouldtheythink?7.otherwise和supposing也可以引導(dǎo)虛擬8.sothat與inorderthat

二者引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句謂語部分應(yīng)該用may/might/can/could/etc.+動詞原形

Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighthavemoretimetostudyit.Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatsheminghtdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.Hewenttothestationinataxisothatheshouldnotmissthetrain.8.sothat與inorderthat9.用“may+動詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時may須置于句首Maygoodluck

be

yours!祝你好運！

Mayyou

be

happy!祝你快樂！

Mayyou

do

evenbetter!祝你取得更大成就Long

live

thepeople!人民萬歲！

“God

bless

you,”saidthepriest.牧師說：“愿上帝保佑你！”9.用“may+動詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時may須置于

含蓄條件句

含蓄條件句

非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況:

非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種1.條件暗含在短語中。如：

WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?(條件暗含在分詞短語withoutyou中)

Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(條件暗含在不定式短語todoitthisway中)

Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(暗含條件是butforyourhelp)

1.條件暗含在短語中。如：WhatwouldThissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldleadtoadisaster.(條件暗含在分詞短語happeninginwartime中)Hemusthavethestrengthofahippopotamus,orhenevercouldhavevanquishedthatgreatbeast.(暗含條件是連詞or)Alone,hewouldhavebeenterrified.(暗含條件是alone)Thissamething,happeningin2.條件暗含在上下文中。如：Youmightstayhereforever.(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)

Wewouldhavesucceeded.(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)

Yourreputationwouldberuined.(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)

Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.(可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime)

2.條件暗含在上下文中。如：Youmights3.在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：

Youwouldn’tknow.你不會知道。

Iwouldliketocome.我愿意來。

Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.

這是我做夢也不會想到的。

Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye-witness.

他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡直就象他親眼看見一樣

3.在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條1Hesuggestedthatthemeeting

putoff.

A.notbe

B.shouldnot

C.wouldn’t

D.benot

2Itisstrangethathe

so.

A.thinks

B.think

C.thought

D.willthink

3IwishI

myuncleyesterday.

A.met

B.havemet

C.wouldmeet

D.hadmet

4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment

before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinished

1Hesuggestedthatthemeetin5.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left6.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthome

D.ifshehadleft5.Shesaysshe’dratherhe__7It’shightimehe

home.

A.goes

B.went

C.willgo

D.isgoingtogo

8

yousucceedand

youbehealthy.

A.May…may

B.Wish…wish

C.Hope…h(huán)ope

D.Should…may

9Galileoinsistedthattheearth

roundthesun.

A.shouldmove

B.move

C.moves

D.AorB7It’shightimehe

10IfonlyI____

tomyparents’advice!

A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened

11---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?

---I____

,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.

A.did

B.would

C.had

D.wasgoingto

12I’dratheryou____

methenews.

A.nottell

B.nottotell

C.didn’ttell

D.hadn’ttold

10IfonlyI____

tomyparent

1.TheboywhowentswimmingintheNo-swimmingZonedrownedintheriver.

Iftheboyhadn’tgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldn’thavedrownedintheriver.HadtheboynotgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldn’thavedrownedintheriver.1.Theboywhowentswimming2.Billywasbadlybittenbymosquitoesbecauseheforgottousethemosquitonetlastnight.IfBillyhadrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby…

HadBillyrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby…2.Billywasbadlybittenbym3.Themothercarelesslyputtheknifewithinthebaby’sreach,andthebabycutherselfwhileplayingit.

Ifthemotherhadcarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby’sreach,thebabywouldn’thavecutherself.

Hadthemothercarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby’sreach,thebabywouldn’thavecutherself.3.Themothercarelesslyputt4.Thestudentsgotfood-poisoningaftereatingthepotatoesinthedining-room.

Ifthestudentshadnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldn’thavegotfood-poisoning.

Hadthestudentsnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldn’thavegot

food-poisoning.4.Thestudentsgotfood-poison5.Theparentsputthethermosontheground.Theirsonkickeditandgotburnt.

Iftheparentshadputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldn’thavekickeditandgotburnt.

Hadtheparentsputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldn’thavekickeditandgotburnt.5.Theparentsputthethermos虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Definition陳述語氣（theIndicativeMood）用來陳述一個事實，或提出一個想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.虛語語氣（theSubjunctiveMood）表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時是一種非真實的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實現(xiàn)的與事實相反的愿望。Definition陳述語氣（theIndicative1.虛擬語氣的考點1、條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；5、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。1.虛擬語氣的考點if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句區(qū)別:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved. 陳述語氣

Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved. 虛擬語氣區(qū)別:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecIf+主

+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+動詞原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我會再試一次。2.如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句If+主+did(were),主+would/shIf+主

+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+動詞完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過這次考試。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是當(dāng)時我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/s與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時間狀語)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他這件事.2.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他.If+主

+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+動詞原形與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時間狀語)IfhecaIfyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;mightIftheparents______atthehospitalearlierafter

theaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrivedIfyou__________tomorrow,youIfhe_________he___________thatfood.

Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottakenIfhe_________he___________tIdidn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhavepreventedIdidn’tseeyoursisteratth倒裝的If虛擬句倒裝的If虛擬句條件狀語的倒裝：如果條件狀語中有were,had,should時,可以倒裝成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,

Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,

wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.條件狀語的倒裝：如果條件狀語中有were,had,sho_________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will_________theexam,hewouldhawish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlydid/were現(xiàn)在haddone過去would/might/woulddo將來IwishIrememberedtheaddres5.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了

=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我沒錯過火車就好了.5.Ifonly要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”

A.had B.did C.have D.willIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee

Exercises:“Haveyouvisitedt-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach-----Heisabraveman.A.HaveThepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoingThepictureexhibitionboredmasif/thoughasif/though

區(qū)別：{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. 陳述語氣HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 虛擬語氣區(qū)別：{HespeaksEnglishasif/2.asif/though+Clause現(xiàn)在：過去：將來:did/were(現(xiàn)在)haddone(過去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.

would+動詞原形(將來)2.asif/though+Clause現(xiàn)在：d虛擬語氣

SubjunctiveMood時間條件從句if主句過去haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedone現(xiàn)在did/werewould/should/could/mightdo將來1.shoulddo2.weretodo3.did退一步海闊天空evenif/though,wish,ifonly等從句的虛擬與它相同。虛擬語氣SubjunctiveMood時間條名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語氣的動詞名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語氣的動詞如果我是你，我就聽從他的建議。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去如果你聽我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會這么糟糕了。從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在如果這些天一直沒下雨，我們現(xiàn)在可以進行工作了。從句表過去進行，主句表現(xiàn)在進行Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.如果我是你，我就聽從他的建議。IfIwereyou,注意:主從句時間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣(混合條件句):

有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果與主句中的動作，發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。

注意:Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你當(dāng)時聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。）Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。）Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemon

suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，以(should)+v原的形式出現(xiàn)。Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.

Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors

(should)getdowntoworkatonce.suggest,order,demand,propoIt’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。

It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)be

taughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.It’ssuggested(ordered,dema

以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應(yīng)以

(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。

Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.

Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftimeMyadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句Mysugges注意:當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“堅持認(rèn)為、強調(diào)”時不用虛擬！HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.IinsistthathewaswrongHissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecisionHeinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.注意:當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“堅持虛擬語氣特殊句型：虛擬語氣特殊句型：1.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時過去完成時過去時Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.1.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去時過去完成注意:在主語＋would(had)rather＋that賓語從句中，從句謂語一般用過去式表示虛擬形式。例如:我真希望你告訴我真相。

I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.我寧愿不再見著你。

I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.我倒希望他們和我一起去。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.注意:在主語＋would(had)rather＋th(1)對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,謂語動詞用過去時(系動詞用were),意指主從句謂語表示的動詞同時發(fā)生.例如:他看起來好象病了.Helooksasifhewereill.他感到他應(yīng)該獨自對發(fā)生的事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任.Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.(1)對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,謂語動詞用過去時(系動詞用were)(2)對過去的虛擬謂語動詞使用had+過去分詞,

意指從句謂語動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前.例如:她英語說的很好就象是在英國學(xué)習(xí)的一樣.ShespokeEnglishwellasifshehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.我記得整件事情就象是昨天發(fā)生的一樣.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.(2)對過去的虛擬謂語動詞使用had+過去分詞,意指從句(3)對未來的虛擬謂語動詞使用would+動詞原形,意指從句謂語動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之后.例如:史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.Mrs.Smithsobbedasifherheartwouldbreak.(3)對未來的虛擬謂語動詞使用would+動詞原形,意指Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.wouldWhenapencilispartlyinag注意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。Itlooksa