基礎醫(yī)學專業(yè)英語單詞

PAGEPAGE44系統(tǒng)與局部解剖學系解Aoticorifice主動脈口Coronaryartery冠狀動脈Coronarysinus冠狀竇Aortacommoncarotidartery頸總動脈ExternalcarotidA頸外動脈SubclavianA鎖骨下動脈MaxillaryA上頜動脈SuperficialtemporalA顳淺動脈VertebralA椎動脈InternalthoracicA胸廓內動脈SuperiorthyroidA甲狀腺上動脈AxillaryA腋動脈BrachialA肱動脈RadialA橈動脈UlnarA尺動脈Superior(deep)palmararch掌淺(深)弓Thoracicaorta胸主動脈LeftgastricA胃左動脈CommonhepaticA肝總動脈SplenicA脾動脈ObturatorA閉孔動脈CephalicV頭靜脈BasilicaV貴要靜脈BrachiocephalicV頭臂靜脈ExternaliliacV髂外靜脈Inferiorvenacava下腔靜脈Hepaticportalvein肝門靜脈Menisci半月板Obturatornerve閉孔神經Superiormesentericartery腸系膜上動脈Hypophysis垂體Sacralplexus骶叢Adductorbrevis短收肌Commomperonealnerve腓總神經Accessorynerve副神經Metaphysic干骺端Tendocalcaneus跟腱Femoraltriangle股三角Ulnarnerve尺動脈Greatsaphenousvein大隱靜脈

Secondaryportaloflive第二肝門Gastrocnemius腓腸肌Inguinaltriangle腹股溝三角Celiactrunk腹腔干Olive橄欖Arcuateline弓狀線Bicepsbrachii肱二頭肌Phrenicocolicligament膈結腸韌帶Cricoidarch環(huán)狀軟骨Tendinoussheath腱鞘Sympathictrunk交感干Cervicalplexus頸叢Venousvalve靜脈瓣Subcostalnerve肋下神經Pharyngealtonsil咽扁桃體Thoracicduct胸導管Coccyx尾骨Greatercurvatureofstomach胃大彎Omentalbursa網膜囊Bipolarneuron雙極神經元striatedmuscle橫紋肌sinus竇pectoralismagor胸大肌diaphragm膈inguinalligament腹股溝韌帶caudaequnia馬尾medullaoblongata延髓rigeminal三叉神經greatersplanchnicnerve內臟大神經carpalcanal腕管palmaraponeurosis掌腱膜recotuterinepouch子宮直腸窩poplitealfossa腘窩costomediastinal recess 肋縱隔隱窩costodiaphragmaticrecess肋膈隱窩carotidsheath頸動脈鞘triangleofductusarteriosus動脈導管三角cornea角膜sclera鞏膜iris虹膜pupil瞳孔choroidmembrane脈絡膜retina 視網膜rodcell視桿細胞conecell 視錐細lens 玻璃體sphincterpupillae瞳孔括約肌dilatorpupillae瞳孔開大肌ciliarybody睫狀體opticdisc視神經盤maculalutea黃斑tympaniccavity鼓室bonylabyrinth骨迷路cristaampullaris壺腹嵴vestibule前庭bonysemicircularcanals骨半規(guī)管cochlea耳蝸membraneouslabyrinth膜迷路maculascoustic 位覺斑cochlearduct蝸管graymatter灰質whitematterganglion神經節(jié)cervical,thoracic,lumber,sacralnerve(plexus)頸胸腰骶phrenicnerve膈神經brachialplexus臂叢mediannerve正中神經thoracodorsalnerve胸背神經intercostalsnerves肋間神經subcostalnerve肋下神經femoralnerve股神經pudendalnerve陰部神經sciaticnerve坐骨神經tibialnerve脛神經commonperonealnerve腓總神經musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神經axillarynerve腋神經pyramid錐體decussationofpyramid錐體交叉olive橄欖pons腦橋midbrain中腦cerebralpeduncle大腦橋

inferiorcerebellarpeduncle大腦下腳cranialN腦神經nucleusofoculomotornerve 核E-Wnucleus動眼神經副核oculomotornerve動眼神經trochlearnerve滑車神經trigeminalnerve三叉神經ophthalmicnerve眼神經MaxillaryN上頜神經mandibularnerve下頜神經abducentN展神經hypoglossalN舌下神經facialnerve面神經olfactorynerve嗅神經opticN視神經cillaryganglion睫狀神經節(jié)abducentnerve展神經hypoglossalnerve舌下神經vestibulocochlearN前庭蝸神經glossophryngealN舌咽神經superiorlaryngealN喉上神經hypoglossalnerve舌下神經nucleusambiguus疑核accessorynucleus副神經核dorsalnucleusofvagusnerve迷走神經背核mediallemniscus內側丘系spinothalamictract(lemniscus)脊髓丘腦束corticospinaltract皮質脊髓束pyramidaltract錐體束superior(inferior)salivatorynucleus上(下)泌涎核nucleusofsolitarytract孤束核gracile nucleus 薄束核 gracilis薄束cuneate nucleus 楔束核fasciculuscuneatus楔束cerebellum小腦cerebellarhemisphere小腦半球diencephalon間腦dorsalthalamus背側丘腦cerebralcortex大腦皮質basalnuclei基底核lateralventricle側腦室corpuscallosumfrontal,temporal,occipital,parietal lobe額，顳，枕，頂葉corpusstriatum紋狀體association(commissure)fibers聯(lián)絡(連合)纖維internalcapsule內囊spinalduramater硬脊膜arachnoidmater蛛網膜piamater軟腦膜cavernoussinus海綿竇cerebralarterialcircle(williscycle)大腦動脈環(huán)spinalcord脊髓lumbosacralenlargement腰骶膨大conusmedullaris脊髓圓錐anteriorhorn(funiculus)前角(前索)posteriorhorn后角caudaequina馬尾nucleusproprius后角固有核intermediolateralnucleus中間外側核sacralparasympatheticnucleus骶副交感核tongue舌頭lingualmuscle舌肌pharynx咽larynx喉laryngealcavity喉腔nasopharynx鼻咽oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx咽喉pharyngealrecess咽隱窩pharyngealtensil咽扁桃體esophagus食管stomach胃pancreas胰腺pylorus幽門cardia賁門greatercurvatureofstomach胃大彎superiorduodenalflexure十二指腸上曲ligamentofmuscleof

duodenum十二指腸懸韌帶duodenum十二指腸jejunum空腸ileum回腸vermiformappendix闌尾caecum盲腸colon結腸rectum直腸pancreas胰liver肝portahepatic肝門gallbladder膽囊fundusofgallbladder膽囊底colottriangle膽囊三角commonbileduct膽總管urinarybladder膀胱renalsinus腎竇fissureofglottis聲門裂trachea氣管bronchus,bronchi支氣管pleura胸膜pleuralcavity胸膜腔hilumoflung肺門kidney腎renalhilum腎門renalcortex腎實質renalmedullaureter輸尿管 uterus子宮trigoneofbladder 膀胱三角deferentduct,ductusdeferens輸精管spermaticcord精索maleurethra男性尿道ovary卵巢uterinetube輸卵管fornixofvagina陰道穹atrium心房ventricle心室orificeofsuperiorvenacava 口papillarymuscles乳頭肌trabeculaecarneae肉柱oropharynx口咽papillae乳頭狀突起tonsil扁桃體angularincisure角切跡dentateline齒狀線Carotidtriangle頸動脈三角External(Internal)jugularvein頸外(內)靜脈Commoncarotidartery頸總動脈Carotidsinus頸動脈竇Cervicalfascia勁筋膜Vagusnerve迷走神經Accessorynerve副神經Musculartriangle肌三角Thyroidgland甲狀腺：Superiorlaryngealnerve喉上神經Parathyroidglands甲狀旁腺Recurrentlaryngealnerve喉返神經Ansacervicalis頸袢Carotidsheath頸動脈鞘Triangleofvertebralartery椎動脈三角手部Palmaraponeurosis掌腱膜Carpalcanal腕管Midpalmarspace掌中間隙Superficial(deep)palmararch掌淺(深)弓Thenarspace魚際間隙Tendinoussheathsoffingers指腱鞘Vinculatendinum腱紐Palmarintermediateseptum掌中隔Ulnarbursa尺側囊Radialbursa橈側囊腋窩、臂前區(qū)及前臂前區(qū)axillaryfossa腋窩musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神經axillarylymphnodes腋淋巴結clavipectoralfascia鎖胸筋膜trilateralforaman三邊孔quadrilateralforaman四邊孔mediannerve正中神經ulnarnerve尺神經radialnerve橈神經thoracodorsalnerve胸背神經

conuselasticus彈性圓錐vocalligament聲韌帶cubitalfossa肘窩poplitealfossa腘窩longthoracicnerve胸長神經cephalicvein頭靜脈basilicvein貴要靜脈mediancubitalvein肘正中靜脈medianantebrachialvein前臂正中靜脈brachialartery肱動脈deepbrachialartery肱深動脈臂后區(qū)、前臂后區(qū)及手背Humeromusculartunnel肱骨肌管Dorsalvenousreteofhand手背靜脈網Extensorretinaculum伸肌支持帶下肢Superior(inferiorglutealnerve臀上(下)神經Sciaticnerve坐骨神經Internalpudendalartery陰部內動脈Lessersciaticforamen坐骨小孔Greatsaphenousvein大隱靜脈Fascialata闊筋膜Iliotibialtract髂脛束Saphenoushiatus隱靜脈裂孔Lacunamusculorum肌腔隙Lacunavasorum血管腔隙femoraltriangle股三角femoralsheath股鞘Femoralcanal股管Adductorcanal(Huntercanal)收肌管Adductortendinousopening收肌腱裂孔Obturatorartery閉孔動脈Poplitealfossa腘窩Tibialnerve脛神經Commonperoneal(fibular)nerve腓總神經Superficial(deep)peronealnerve腓淺(深)神經saphenousnerve隱神經anterior(posterior)tibialartery脛前(后)動脈malleolarcanal踝管胸部Rootoflung肺根costodiaphragmaticresess肋膈隱窩Cupulaofpleura胸膜頂：Superiormediastinum上縱隔Azygosvein奇靜脈Superiorvenacava上腔靜脈Aorticarch主動脈弓Arterialligament動脈韌帶Triangleofductusarteriosus動脈導管三角Greater(Lesser)splanchnicnerve內臟大(小)神經thoracicduct 結腸下區(qū)hepaticportavein肝門靜脈suspensorymuscleofduodenum十二指腸懸韌帶majorduodenalpapilla十二指腸大乳頭hepatopancreaticampulla肝胰壺腹superior(inferior)mesentericartery腸系膜上(下)動脈ileocecalvalve回盲瓣radixofmesentery小腸系膜根vermiformappendix闌尾colicmarginalartery邊緣動脈

腹膜后間隙renalpedicle腎蒂ureter輸尿管renalhilum腎門renalfascia腎筋膜abdominalaorta腹主動脈inferiorvenacava下腔靜脈lumbarsympathetictrunk腰交感干cisternachyli乳糜池腹前外側壁parietalperitoneum壁腹膜sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘obliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌superficial(deep)inguinalring腹股溝淺(深)環(huán)inferiorepigastricartery腹壁下動脈inguinaltriangle腹股溝三角transversefascia腹橫筋膜結腸上區(qū)hepaticpedicle肝蒂greater(lessor)omentum大(小)網膜commonbileduct膽總管calottriangle卡洛三角，膽囊三角hepatoduodenalligament肝十二指腸韌帶leftgastricartery胃左動脈subphrenicspace膈下間隙portahepatis肝門celiactrunk腹腔干組織胚胎學Histology 組織學Embryology 胚胎學Teratology 畸形學Staining 染色Hematoxylin 蘇木精Eosin 伊紅Section 切片Smear 涂片Tissueculture 組織培養(yǎng)Electronmicroscope 電子顯微鏡

Intercellularsubstance 細胞間質Basophilia 嗜堿Acidopilia 嗜酸Epithelialtissue 上皮組織Endothelium 內皮Mesothelium 間皮Microvilli 微絨毛Cilia 纖毛Basementmembrane 基膜Desmosome 橋粒Glandularepithelium 腺上皮Squamous/columnar epithelium扁平/柱狀上皮Loose(dense)connectivetissue 疏松(致密)結締組織Collagenousfiber 膠原纖維Elasticfiber 彈性纖維Reticularfiber 網狀纖維Fibroblast 成纖維細胞Fibrocyte 纖維細胞Macrophage 巨噬細胞Plasmacell 漿細胞Adiposetissue 脂肪組織Groundsubstance 基質Mesenchyme 間充Histamine 組胺Leukotriene 白三烯Proteoglycan 蛋白多Glycoprotein 糖蛋白Cartilage 軟骨Chondrocyte 軟骨細胞Perichondrium 軟骨膜Osseoustissue 骨組織

Intercalateddisk 閏盤Sarcomere 肌節(jié)Sarcoplasm 肌質Thick(thin)myofilament 粗(細)肌Terminalcisterna 終池Lipofuscin 脂褐素Dendrite 樹突Axon 軸突Dendriticspine 樹突棘Synapse 突觸Astrocyte 星形膠質細胞Oilgodendrocyte 少突膠質細胞Microglia 小膠質細胞Myelinsheath 髓鞘Myelinated(unmyelinated) nerve 有(無)髓神經纖維Tactilecorpuscle 觸覺小體Ganglion 神經節(jié)Nisslbody 尼氏體Neurofibril 神經原纖維Neuroglia 神經膠質Freenerveending 游離神經末梢Motorendplate 運動終板Osteocyte骨細胞Epidermis表皮Osteon骨單位Dermis真皮Osteoblast成骨細胞Hypodermis皮下組織Osteoclast破骨細胞Sebaceousgland皮脂腺Ossification骨化Capillary毛細血管Serum血清Sinusoid血竇Erythrocyte紅細胞Arteriole微動脈Hemolysis 溶血Reticulocyte 網織紅細胞Leukocyte 白細胞Neutrophilicgranulocyte 中性粒細胞Eosinophilicgranulocyte嗜酸性粒細胞Basophilicgranulocyte 嗜堿性粒細胞Monocyte 單核細胞Lymphocyte 淋巴細胞Bloodplatelet 血小板Hemopoieticstemcell 造血干細Skeletalmuscle 骨骼肌Cardiacmuscle 心肌Smoothmuscle 平滑肌Myofibril 肌原纖維

Endocardium 心內膜Myocardium 心肌膜Epicardium 心外膜Cardiacvalve 心瓣Bone-marrow dependent lymphocyte骨髓依賴淋巴細胞lymphoidnodule 淋巴小paracorticalzone 副皮質區(qū)whitepulp 白髓blood-thymusbarrier血-胸腺屏障periarteriallymphaticsheath動脈周圍淋巴鞘mononuclearphagocyticsystem單核吞噬細胞系統(tǒng)mucousmembrane粘膜hypothalamus下丘腦submucosa粘膜下層adenohypophysis腺垂體tunicamuscularis肌層neurohypophysis神經垂體adventitia外膜spermatogenesis gastricgland胃底腺sustentacularcell 支持細胞parietalcell(oxynticcell)壁細胞spermatogeniccell (鹽酸細胞)spermatozoa 精子mucous-HCO3-barrier 黏液-碳酸氫 blood-testisbarrier 血睪屏鹽屏障 primaryfollicle 初級卵泡absorptivecell 吸收細胞 secondaryfollicle 次級卵泡gobletcell 杯狀細胞 ovulation 排卵serousalveoli 漿液性腺泡 menstrualcycle 月經周期smallintestinalgland 小腸腺 corpusluteum 黃體pancreaticislet 胰島 fertilization 受精hepaticsinusoid 肝血竇 cleavage 卵裂perisinusoidalspace 竇周隙 blastocyst 胚泡liverlobule 肝小葉 implantation 植bronchiole 細支氣管 endoderm 內胚terminalbronchiole 終末細支氣管 mesoderm 中胚層respiratorybronchiole 呼吸性細支 ectoderm 外胚層氣管 embryonicdisk 胚盤pulmonaryalveoli 肺泡 yolksac 卵黃囊blood-airbarrier 氣血屏障 neuraltube 神經alveolarseptum 肺泡隔 fetalmembrane 胎膜renalcorpuscle 腎小體 decidua 蛻膜glomerulus 血管球 amnion 羊膜filtrationbarrier 濾過屏障 umbilicalcord 臍podocyte 足細胞 chorion 絨毛膜juxtaglomerularcomplex 球旁復合體 placentalbarrier 胎盤屏障maculadensa 致密斑 congenitalumbilicalhernia 先天nephron 腎單位 臍疝proximal(distal)tubule 近(遠)端小管 cleftlip 唇裂thinsegment細段foramenovale 卵圓孔zonaglomerulosa球狀帶tetralogyofFallot 法洛四聯(lián)癥zonafasciculate束狀帶atrialseptaldefect 房間隔缺損zonareticularis網狀帶hypophysis腦垂體生理學Plasmamembrane 質膜Biomembrane 生物膜Simplediffusion 單純擴散Facilitateddiffusion易化擴散

Facilitateddiffusionviacarrier經載體的易化擴散Facilitateddiffusionthroughionchannel經通道的易化擴散primaryactivetransport 轉運secondaryactivetransport 動轉運cotransport 聯(lián)合轉運Passivetransport 被動轉antiport 逆向轉運symport 同向轉運ionpump 離子泵sodium-potassiumpump鈉鉀泵calciumpump 鈣exocytosis 出胞endocytosis 入胞trasmembranesignaltransduction跨膜信號轉導trasmembranesignaling跨膜信號傳遞secondmessenger第二信使Restingpotential 靜息電Hyperpolarization 超極化depolarization 去極化overshoot 超射repolarization 復極化equilibriumpotential平衡電位Kleakchannel鉀漏通道Electrotonicpotential 電緊張電位Actionpotential 動作電位Spikepotential峰電位After-potential后電位Afterdepolarization后去極化Thresholdintensity閾強度All-or-none 全或無Inward(outwardcurrent內(外)向電流Thresholdpotential閾電位Localexcitation 局部興奮saltatoryconduction 跳躍式傳thresholdstimulus 閾刺激excitability 興奮性close關閉activation激活inactivation失活excitablecell可興奮細胞absoluterefractoryperiod絕對不應期relativerefractoryperiod相對不應期effectiverefractoryperiod有效不應期

supranormalperiod超常期subnormalperiod低常期acetylcholine,Ach 乙酰膽堿neuromuscularjunction神經-肌接頭endplatepotential 終板電位Sarcomere 肌節(jié)Myofilament slidingtheory 理論Excitation-contractioncoupling-收縮耦聯(lián)Calcium-inducedCa2+release鈣觸發(fā)鈣釋放Isometriccontraction等長收縮Isotoniccontraction等張收縮preload 前負荷initiallength初長度optimallength最適初長度Afterload 后負荷retanus 強直收縮Incompletetetanus不完全強直收縮completetetanus完全性強直收縮twitch單收縮contractility 收縮能力或收縮性conductivity傳導性sinusrhythm竇性節(jié)律inwardrectifierK+channel內向整流鉀通道fast(slow)responseactionpotential 快(慢)反應動作電位action potentialduration,APD動作電位時程transientoutwardcurrent瞬時外向離子流plateau平臺autorhythmiccell自律細胞diastolicdepolarization舒張去極化pacemakercurrent起搏電流resting備用(靜息)activation激活inactivation失活effectiverefractoryperiod有效不應期prematuresystole期前收縮extrasystole期外收縮compensatorypause代償間歇autorhythmicity自動節(jié)律性cardiacarrthythmia心律失常sinusrhythm竇性心律dominantpacemaker主導起搏點latentpacemaker潛在起搏點capture搶先占領overdrivesuppression超速驅動壓抑conductivity傳導性preferentialpathway優(yōu)勢傳導通路functionalsyncytium功能合胞體electrocardiogramECG心電圖atrioventriculardelay房室延擱gapjunction縫隙連接cardiaccycle心動周期systole收縮期diastole舒張期isovolumiccontractionphase 期atrialsystole心房收縮期ventricularsystole心室收縮期rapidejectionphase快速射血期reducedejectionphase減慢射血期isovolumicrelaxationphase等容舒張期rapidfillingphase快速充盈期reducedfillingphase減慢充盈期heartsound心音strokevolume每搏輸出量，輸出量ejectionfraction射血分數(shù)minutevolume每分輸出量cardiacoutput心輸出量cardiacindex心指數(shù)strokework每搏功，博功minutework每分功cardiacefficiency心臟的效率cardiacreserve心力儲備inotropicstate變力狀態(tài)homometricregulation等長調節(jié)heterometricautoregulation異長自身調節(jié)windkesselvessel彈性貯器血管precapillary (postcapillary) vessel毛細血管前(后)阻力血管bloodflow血流量

resistanceofbloodflow血流阻力bloodpressure血壓meancirculatoryfillingpressure循環(huán)系統(tǒng)平均充盈壓peripheralresistance外周阻力systolicpressure收縮壓diastolicpressure舒張壓pulsepressure脈(搏)壓meanarterialpressure平均動脈壓arterialpulse動脈脈搏central(peripheral)venouspressure中心(外周)靜脈壓venousreturn靜脈回心血量microcirculation微循環(huán)interstitialfluid組織液effectivefiltrationpressure有效濾過壓edema水腫lymph淋巴液positivechronotropicaction正性變時作用positivedromotropicaction正性變傳導作用positive(negative) inotropic action 正(負)性變力作用tonus緊張cardiacvagal(sympathetic)tone心迷走(交感)緊張sympatheticvasoconstrictortone交感縮血管緊張cardiovascularcenter心血管中樞cardiovascularreflex心血管反射barorecepterreflex壓力感受性反射depressorreflex降(減)壓反射resetting重調定setpoint調定點arterialbaroreceptor動脈壓力感受器cardiopulmonaryreceptor心肺感受器chemoreceptor化學感受器integrationpattern整合型式rennin-angiotensin system腎素緊張素系統(tǒng)adrenaline腎上腺素noradrenaline去甲腎上腺素vasopressinVP血管升壓素antidiuretichormone抗利尿激素kallikrein-kininsystem激肽釋放酶-激肽系統(tǒng)atrialnatriureticpeptide,ANP心房鈉尿肽coronarycirculation冠脈循環(huán)pulmonarycirculation肺循環(huán)respiratorywavesofbloodpressure動脈血壓的呼吸波hypoxicpulmonaryvasoconstriction低氧性肺血管收縮反應cerebralcirculation腦循環(huán)blood-cerebrospinalfluidbarrier血-腦脊液屏障blood-brainbarrier血-腦屏障autoregulationofrenalbloodflow腎血流量的自身調節(jié)tubulo-glomerularfeedback,TGF管球反饋glomerularfiltrationrate,GFR腎小球濾過率renalplasmaflow,RPF腎血漿流量effectivefiltrationpressure有效濾過率filtrationmembrane濾過膜filtrationequilibrium濾過平衡filtrationcoefficientKf濾過系數(shù)reabsorption重吸收aquaporinAQP水孔蛋白renalglucosethreshold腎糖閾secretion分泌intercalatealcell閏細胞principalcell主細胞urearecycling尿素再循環(huán)clearance清除率renalbloodflowRBF腎血流量juxtaglomerularapparatus球旁器constantfractionalreabsorption 定重吸收glomerulotubularbalance球管平衡osmoticdiuresis滲透性利尿waterdiuresis水利尿renorenalreflex腎-腎反射

micturtionreflex排尿反射scotopicvision晚光決暗視覺photopicvision晝光覺明視覺darkcurrent暗電流reducedeye簡化眼nearreflexofpupil瞳孔近反射pupillaryaccommodationreflex瞳孔調節(jié)反射pupillarylightreflex瞳孔對光反射consensuallightreflex互感性對光反射convergence會聚convergencereflex輻輳反射errorofrefraction屈光不正myopia近視hyperopia遠視astigmatism散光visualacuity視敏度,視力,視銳度visualfield視野darkadaptation暗適應lightadaptation明適應hearingthreshold聽閾air(bone)conduction氣(骨)傳導travelingwavve行波endocochlearpotentialEP耳蝸內電位endolymphaticpotential內淋巴電位cochlearmicrophonicpotential耳蝸微音器電位haircell毛細胞vestibularautonomicreaction前庭自主神經反射nystagmus眼震顫tastebud味蕾axoplasmictransport軸漿運輸trophicaction營養(yǎng)性作用synapse突觸mobilization動員trafficking擺渡targeting?？縟ocking著位fusion融合exocytosis出胞postsynapsepotential突觸后電位excitatory(inhibitory)postsynapsepotential,EPSP(IPSP)興奮性(抑制)性性突觸后電位neurotransmitter神經遞質centralfacilitation中樞易化presynapticinhibition突觸前抑制afferentcollateralinhibition傳入側支性抑制recurrentinhibition回返性抑制referredpain牽涉痛postsynaptic (presynaptic) (facilitation)突觸后(前)抑制(易化)posttetanicpotentiation強直后增強habituation習慣化sensitization敏感化long-termpotentiation,LTP長時程增強synapticplasticity突觸的可塑性plasticityofsynaptictransmission 突傳遞的可塑性long-termdepression,LTD長時程壓抑varicosity曲張體non-synapticchemicaltransmission非突觸性化學傳遞neurotransmitter神經遞質neuromodulator神經調度neurotransmittercoexistence遞質共存reuptake重攝取ionotropicreceptor促離子型受體metabotropicreceptor促代謝型受體presynapticreceptor突觸前受體acetylcholineAch乙酰膽堿cholinergicreceptor膽堿能受體norepinephrine,NE/noradrenaline,NA去甲腎上腺素epinephrine,adrenaline腎上腺素dopamineDA多巴胺serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT5-羥色胺neuropeptide神經肽brain-gutpeptide腦-腸肽unconditionedreflex非條件反射conditionedreflex條件反射localcircuitneurons局部回路神經元localneuronalcircuit局部神經元回路

divergentconnection輻散式聯(lián)系convergentconnection聚合式聯(lián)系feeebackregulation反饋調節(jié)finalcommonpath最后通路motorunit運動單位stretchreflex牽張反射tendon reflex 腱反射(phasic reflex位相性牽張反射)muscle tonus 肌緊張(tonic reflex緊張性牽張反射)kneejerk膝反射monosynapticreflex單突觸反射polysynapticreflex多突觸反射tendonorgan腱器官musclespindle肌梭spinalshock脊休克posturalreflex姿勢反射flexorreflex屈肌反射crossedextensorreflex對側伸肌反射intersegmentalreflex節(jié)間反射decerebraterigidity去大腦僵直inhibitoryarea抑制區(qū)facilitatoryarea易化區(qū)attitudinalreflex狀態(tài)反射rightingreflex翻正反射basalganglia基底神經節(jié)directpathway直接通路indirectpathway間接通路Parkinson’sdisease帕金森病(paralysisagitans震顫麻痹)statictremor靜止性震顫Huntingtong’s disease 亨廷頓(chorea舞蹈病)athetosis手足徐動癥intentiontremor意向性震顫adiadochokinesia輪替運動不能cerebellarataxia小腦性共濟失調visceralnervoussystem內臟神經系統(tǒng)autonomicnervoussystem自主神經系統(tǒng)preganglionicfiber節(jié)前纖維parasympatheticnerve副交感神經hypothalamus下丘腦osmoreceptor滲透壓感受器hypothalamicregulatorypeptide下丘腦調節(jié)肽biorhythm生物節(jié)律circadianrhythm日節(jié)律limbicsystem邊緣系統(tǒng)instinctualbehavior本能行為feedingcenter攝食中樞satietycenter飽中樞emotion情緒fear恐懼rage發(fā)怒defensereaction防御反應fight-flightreaction-防御反應bloodvolume血量specificgravity比重viscosity粘度rouleaux疊連crystalosmoticpressure晶體滲透壓colloidosmoticpressure膠體滲透壓suspensionstability懸浮穩(wěn)定性erythrocytesedimentationrateESR紅細胞沉降率osmoticfragility滲透脆性intrinsicfactor內因子plateletadhesion血小板粘附hemostasis止血bloodgroup血型bloodcoagulation血液凝固thrombin凝血酶fibrinogen纖維蛋白原intrinsicpathway內源性凝血途徑extrinsicpathway為原型凝血途徑tissuefactorTF組織因子prothrombinasecomplex凝血酶原復合物externalrespiration外呼吸compliance順應性pulmonarysurfactant肺表面活性物質tidalvolumeTV潮氣量residualvolumeRV殘氣量lungcapacity肺容量pulmonaryventilation肺通氣量alveolarventilation肺泡通氣量

ventilation/perfusion ratio 通氣/比值oxygensaturationofblood血液的氧飽和度oxygendissociationcurve氧解離曲線slowwavepotential慢波電位gastrointestinalhormone胃腸激素brain-gutpeptide腦腸肽pancreaticamylase胰淀粉酶enterohepaticcirculationofbilesalt 鹽的肝腸循環(huán)segmentationcontraction分節(jié)運動peristalsis蠕動energymetabolism能量代謝adenosinetriphosphate,ATP三磷酸腺苷thermalequiavalentoffood食物的熱價respiratoryquotientRQ呼吸商basalmetabolicrateBMR基礎代謝率rectaltemperature直腸溫度circadianrhythm晝夜節(jié)律或日節(jié)律biologicalclock生物鐘insensibleperspiration不顯汗sensibleevaporation可感蒸發(fā)evokedcorticalpotential皮層誘發(fā)電位electroencephalogramEEG腦電圖ascendingreticularactivatingsystem網狀結構上行激動系統(tǒng)slowwavesleepSWS慢波睡眠paradoxicalsleepPS異相睡眠rapideyemovementsleepREM快速眼球運動睡眠dominanthemisphere優(yōu)勢半球steroidhormone類固醇激素affinity親和力hypothalamus-adenohypophysis glandaxis下丘腦-腺垂-靶腺軸growth hormone releasing hormone,GHRH生長激素釋放激素somatostatin生長抑素thyrotropin-releasinghormone,TRH 甲狀腺激素釋放激素corticotrophin-releasing hormone,CRH cortisol 皮質醇促腎上腺皮質激素釋放激素 airconduction 氣傳gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH pneumothorax 氣胸促性腺激素釋放激素 colorblindness 色盲prolactin,PRL催乳素 upregulation 上調growth hormone,GH/somatotropin 生 coretemperature 深部溫度長激素 inspiratorycapacity,IC 深吸氣thyroid-stimulating nerveimpulse 神經沖動hormone,TSH/thyrotropin促甲狀腺激 neurosecretion 神經分泌素 physiologicaldeadspace 生理無效腔adrenocorticotropic ghrelin 生長素hormone,ACTH/adrenocorticotropin 促 elasticresistance 彈性阻力腎上腺皮質激素 conditionedstimulus 條件刺follicle-stimulatinghormone.FSH卵泡刺 agony 痛苦激素 extrinsicpathway 外源性凝血途徑luteinizinghormone,LH黃體生成素 peripheralchemoreceptor 外周化melanophore-stimulating hormone 感受器MSH促黑激素 peripheralvenouspressure外周靜脈壓vasopressinVP血管升壓(antidiuretic gestation 味覺hormone) inspiration 吸氣oxytocinOT縮宮素(催產素) intracellularfluid 細胞內液thyroxine甲狀腺素 extracellularfluid 細胞外液insulin胰島素 downregulation 下調glucocorticoid糖皮質激素 digestion 消化testosterone睪酮 extinction 消退Proprioception cardiacremodeling 心臟重構本體感覺 thoracicbreathing 胸式呼吸Enterokinase 腸激酶 olfaction 嗅覺Cholinergicneuron 膽堿神經元 hemodynamics 血流動力Muscarinicreceptor 毒蕈堿受體 hematocrit 血細胞比容Polyuria 多尿 platelet 血小板Reflexarc 反射弧 plateletaggregation 血小板聚集Sensorimotorarea 感覺運動區(qū) bloodviscosity 血液粘滯度Tetrodotoxin 河豚毒 folicacid 葉酸Erythropoietin 紅細胞生成素 ectopicpacemaker 異位起搏Bradykinin 緩激肽 tropomyosin 原肌球蛋白Patchclamp 膜片鉗 positivenitrogenbalance 正氮平衡Cerebrospinalfluid腦脊液positivefeedback 正反饋Endothelin內皮素centralvenouspressure中心靜脈壓visceralsensation內臟感覺病理學病理學 pathology 干酪性壞死caseation臨床病理討論會clinical液化性壞死 liquefactionnecrosisconference活體組織檢查尸體剖檢 autopsy器官病理學 organpathology細胞病理學 cellularpathology

溶解壞死 lytic脂肪壞死 fatnecrosis壞 疽 gangrene濕性壞疽 moist干性壞疽 dry超微病理學ultrastructural氣性壞疽 gasgangrene分子病理學molecularpathology免疫病理學immunopathology遺傳病理學 geneticpathology損 傷 injury自 溶 萎 縮 atrophy自噬泡 autophagic自噬溶酶體autolysosmes殘留體 residualbody變 性 混濁腫脹 cloudyswelling水變性 hydropic空泡變性 vacuolar脂肪變性 fattydegeneration透明變性hyalinedegeneration吞飲作用 pinocytosis

機化代償適應adaptation再生regeneration修復repair肉芽組織granulation瘢痕組織scaror包裹encapsulation創(chuàng)傷愈合woundhealing一(二)期愈合healingbyfirst(second)intention痂下愈合healingunder化 生 metaplasia腸上皮化生intestinalmetaplasia充 血 hyperemia淤 血 congestion纖維素樣變性fibrinoiddegeneration出 血 hemorrhage粘液樣變性mucoid粘 液 mucin類粘液 mucoid粘液水腫 myxedema淀粉樣變 含鐵血黃素hemosiderin膽紅膽紅素脂褐素黑色素melanin

淤點petechiae淤斑ecchymoses血栓形成thrombsis血栓thrombus再通recanalization彌漫性血管內凝血intravascularcoagulation(DIC)栓子embolus栓塞embolism病理性鈣化pathologicalcalcification梗 死 infarction營養(yǎng)不良性鈣化dystrophiccalcificatin血性梗死anemicinfarct壞 死 necrosis核濃縮pyknosis核碎裂karyorrhexis核溶解 karyolysis失活組織 devitalized凝固性壞死coagulation

出血性梗死hemorrhagic水 腫 edema全身性水腫腹 水 ascites胸腔積水 hydrothorax心包腔積液hydropericardium炎癥inflammation變質alterationinflammatorymediator血管活性胺vasoactiveamines組織胺histamine5-羥色胺(血清素)5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin)激 肽 kinin激肽原酶 kallikrein激肽原 緩激肽 bradykinin舒血管肽kallidin補體系統(tǒng)complementsystem前列腺素 prostaglandin滲 出 exudation滲出液 exudate漏出液 白細胞游出emigration趨化性 chemotaxis吞噬作用phagocytosis調理素 opsonin調理素化 opsonization表面吞噬作用surfacephagocytosis增 生 proliferation超急性炎癥peracuteinflammation急/慢/亞急性炎癥 acute/subacuteinflammation菌血癥 毒血癥 toxemia敗血癥 septicemia膿毒血癥 pyemia漿液性炎 serousinflammation纖維素性炎fibrinousinflammation化膿性炎 purulentinflammation膿 腫 abscess化 膿 suppuration蜂窩織炎phlegmonousinflammation出血性炎hemorrhagicinflammation卡他性炎catarrhalinflammation肉芽腫性炎granulomatousinflammation炎性肉芽腫inflammatorygranuloma炎性息肉 inflammationpolyp腫 瘤 tumor

腫 瘤 neoplasia原位癌 carcinomainsitu組織發(fā)生 histogenesis異型性 atypia多形性 pleomorphism間 變 anaplasia轉 移 metastasis惡病質 cachexia癌 癥 carcinoma肉 瘤 sarcoma癌 cancer乳頭狀瘤papilloma腺 瘤 adenoma囊腺瘤 cystadenoma多形性腺瘤 pleomorphicadenoma鱗狀細胞癌squamouscellcarcinoma基底細胞癌basalcellcarcinoma移行上皮癌transitionalcellcarcinoma腺 癌 adenocarcinoma粘液樣癌 mucoidcarcinoma實體癌 solidcarcinoma(carcinomasolidum)單純癌 simplecarcinoma硬 癌 scirrhouscarcinoma髓樣癌 medullarycarcinoma類 癌 carcinoid嗜銀細胞瘤argentaffinAPUD瘤 APUDoma非典型增生dysplasia,atyicalhyperplasia纖維瘤 fibroma脂肪瘤 lipoma血管瘤 hemangioma淋巴管瘤lymphangioma平滑肌瘤 leiomyoma纖維肉瘤 fibrosarcoma脂肪肉瘤 橫紋肌肉瘤 rhabdomyosarcoma骨肉瘤 osteosarcoma惡性血管內皮瘤malignanthemangioendothelioma惡性血管外皮瘤 hemangiopericytoma膠質瘤 glioma腦膜瘤 meningioma畸胎瘤 teratoma風濕病 rheumatism風濕熱rheumaticfever阿少夫小體Aschoffbody阿少夫細胞Aschoffcellrheumaticpancarditis風濕性心內膜炎rheumaticendocarditis疣狀贅生物verrucousvegetationrheumaticmyocarditisrheumaticpericarditisconstrictivepericarditisrheumaticarthritis皮下結節(jié)subcutaneousnodulesbacterialendocarditis潰瘍性心內膜炎ulcerousendocarditissubacutebacterialendocarditisvalvulardiseaseoftheheartvalvularinsufficiencyvalvularstenosis二尖瓣狹窄mitralstenosis二尖瓣關閉不全mitralinsufficiency高血壓病 hypertensionessentialhypertension癥狀性高血壓symptomatichypertension良(惡)性高血壓 benign(malignant)hypertension動脈粥樣硬化atherosclerosis心絞痛 anginapectoris心肌梗死 myocardialinfarct心肌軟化cardiacmyomalacia室壁瘤 ventricularaneurysm附壁血栓形成 muralthrombosis心肌硬化cardiacmyosclerosis心肌病 cardiomyopathy心肌炎 myocarditiscongenitalheartdisease慢性支氣管炎chronicbronchitis肺氣腫 emphysema肺源性心臟病 Corpulmonale

透明膜 hyalinemembrane肺 炎 pneumonia大葉性肺炎lobarpneumonia小葉性肺炎 lobularpneumonia(brochopneumonia)mycoplasmalpneumoniaprimaryatypicalpneumonia(PAP)支氣管擴張癥bronchiectasis肺萎陷 atelectasis塵 肺 pneumoconiosis矽 肺 silicosis石棉肺 asbestosis間皮瘤 Mesothelioma鼻咽癌 carcinoma肺 癌 carcinomaofthelung燕麥細胞癌oatcellcarcinoma慢性胃炎 chronicgastritischronicsuperficialgastritis慢性萎縮性胃炎chronicatrophicgastritischronichypertrophicgastritis消化性潰瘍pepticulcer胃泌素瘤gastrinoma闌尾炎 appendicitis急性單純性闌尾炎 acuteappendicitis急性蜂窩織炎性闌尾炎acutephlegmonousappendicitis急性壞疽性闌尾炎acutegangrnousappendicitis病毒性肝炎 virushepatitis氣球樣變 ballooningdegeneration嗜酸性壞死acidophilicnecrosis毛玻璃樣細胞"groundglass"hepatocytes碎片狀壞死piecemealnecrosis橋接壞死bridgingnecrosis肝硬化 cirrhosisofliver門脈性肝硬變portalcirrhosis門脈高壓 portalhypertension脾腫大 splenomegaly壞死后肝硬變postnecroticcirrhosisbiliarycirrhosis食管癌 carcinomaofesophagus胃 癌 carcinomaofstomach惡性淋巴瘤malignantlymphoma何杰金氏病Hodgkin'sdiseasenon-Hodgkin'slymphoma白血病 leukemia綠色瘤 chloromamalignanthistiocytosis血管間質mesangium免疫復合物immunecomplex急性彌漫性增生性腎小球腎炎acutediffuseproliferativeglomerulonephritis急性腎炎綜合癥 acutenephriticsyndrome管 型cast，cylinder新月體性腎小球腎炎crescenticglomerulonephritismembranousglomerulonephritis腎病綜合癥nephroticsyndrome血管間質毛細血管性腎小球腎炎mesangiocapillaryglomerulonephritisminimalchangeglomerulonephritis脂性腎病lipoidnephrosis足突病 footprocessdisease慢性腎小球腎炎chronicglomerulonephritisgranularcontractedkidney尿毒癥uremia腎細胞癌renalcellcarcinoma腎母細胞瘤nephroblastomachroniccervicitis子宮頸糜爛cervicalerosionendometrialhyperplasia子宮頸息肉cervicalpolyp子宮頸癌 carcinomaofcervixuteri

非典型增生 atypicalhyperplasia子宮體癌carcinomaofcorpusuteri子宮腺肌瘤adenomyomauteri子宮腺肌病adenomyosisuteri水泡狀胎塊hydatidiformmole絨毛膜上皮癌chorioepithelioma(chorioma)粘液性囊腺瘤mucinouscystadenoma漿液性囊腺瘤serouscystadenoma囊腺癌 cystadenocarcinoma粒層細胞瘤granulosacelltumor卵泡膜細胞瘤thecacelltumor無性細胞瘤dysgerminoma胚胎性癌 embryonalcarcinoma內胚竇瘤endodermalsinustumor纖維囊性乳腺病fibrocysticdiseaseofbreast乳腺癌carcinomaofbreast前列腺增生 hyperplasiaofprostate精原細胞瘤seminoma尿崩癥 di