非謂語動詞 之動詞不定式(to do)的用法

非謂語動詞之動詞不定式(todo)的用法非謂語動詞之動詞不定式(todo)的用法非謂語動詞之動詞不定式(todo)的用法V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考非謂語動詞之動詞不定式(todo)的用法日期：20xx年X月非謂語動詞之動詞不定式（todo）的用法非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，主要形式有：不定式、動名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）?！皌odo”動詞不定式的變形原形進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式todo(not)tobedoing(not)tohavedone(not)tohavebeendoing動詞不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生（或幾乎同時）或發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后謂語動詞動作發(fā)生時，動詞不定時的動作正在發(fā)生動詞不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞或特定時間之前動詞不定式的動作在謂語動詞動作之前，且一直在持續(xù)動詞不定式的用法充當(dāng)主語（一般會用it當(dāng)形式主語）Toswimhereisdangerous.=Itisdangeroustoswimhere.TopassthisEnglishexamisunlikely.=充當(dāng)表語（多數(shù)情況下，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞不定式做主語）MyjobistohelpwithyourEnglishlearning.TohelpwithyourEnglishlearningismyjob.充當(dāng)賓語（只能做某些動詞的賓語，一般不做介詞的賓語；有時用“it”做形式賓語）Idecidedtoattendthismeetinglastnight.Ifinditnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguage.注意：當(dāng)以下動詞欲接動詞作賓語時，只能跟不定式作賓語。decide,determine,learn,wish,hopeagree,plan,pretend,dare,refuse,failprepare,try,manage,help,promiseoffer,beg,demand,afford,arrange,besupposed充當(dāng)賓語補足語Ipersuadedhimtomakeaspeechinpublic.注意：在感官動詞／使役動詞／help后（see,hear,watch,notice,make,have,let后不定式做賓補時，可省略“to”）Isawthemhaveadisagreementonwhoshouldsweepthefloor.（我看到了他們爭論的整個過程）但，感官動詞后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在進(jìn)行。Isawthemarguingaboutwhoshouldsweepthefloor.（我看到他們正在爭論誰該掃地，并不一定看到了整個過程）充當(dāng)狀語（目的，原因，結(jié)果狀語，其邏輯主語與句子主語一致）Iwrotehimalettertofurtherexplainthismatter.（目的狀語）I’msorrytobotheryou.（原因狀語）Hequeuedforhoursattheboxofficeonlytofindthattheshowwassoldout.（結(jié)果狀語，only+tofind/realize/discover表示出乎意料的結(jié)果）充當(dāng)定語（不定式作定語，要放在所修飾的詞的后面）Ihavealotofdishestowash.DoyouhaveanythingtosayThereare3questionstoanswer.一些固定句型中不定式省略“to”hadbetterwouldratherdo…thando…whynotdo“except/but”有“do”無“to”，有”to”無“do”havenothingtodobutdo…doeverythingbut/excepthavenochoicebuttowantnothingbut/exceptto當(dāng)兩個或多個作用相同的不定式并列（and/or/than）時，通常只保留第一個不定式的“to”.Hetoldmetostaythereandwaitforhim.It’seasiertopersuadepeoplethanforcethem.Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.（否定式中“to”不能省略）習(xí)題：1.It’sgreat________(hear)thisnewsthatChinateamwonthematch.2.Hepretended________(sleep)whenhisyoungerbrothercamein.3.Weagreed________(meet)herebutsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.4.Althoughregularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodidea________(exercise)tooclosetobedtime.5.It’sgoingtorain.