2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號50

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thesubjectofsafetymustbeplacedatthetopofthe___.

問題1選項

A.agenda

B.bulletin

C.routine

D.timetable

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項agenda“議程；日常工作事項；日程表”；B選項bulletin“公告，公報”；C選項routine“常規(guī)，慣例；生活乏味；（演出中的）一套動作；（計算機）例行程序”；D選項timetable“時間表；時刻表；課程表”。句意：安全問題必須放在議程的首位。結(jié)合此處語境，A選項正確。

2.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

問題1選項

A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics

C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項

A.different

B.distributed

C.recorded

D.prominent

問題3選項

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

問題4選項

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonalities

問題5選項

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation

D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響。A選項“描述統(tǒng)計和推理統(tǒng)計的缺點”不符合題意。B選項“推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)的應(yīng)用”，推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)只是統(tǒng)計學(xué)的一類，不符合題意。選項D“使用描述性統(tǒng)計學(xué)”跟選項B類似，描述性統(tǒng)計學(xué)也只是統(tǒng)計學(xué)的一類。因此C選項“統(tǒng)計學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。

2.形容詞詞義辨析題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響?？芍狝選項“different”（不同的）正確。B選項“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C選項“recorded”（記錄的）排除。D選項“prominent”（著名的）排除。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”，中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計學(xué)有一個“母親”，她致力于井井有條地記錄政府機構(gòu)的文件（國家和統(tǒng)計學(xué)這兩個詞源于同一個拉丁語詞根，status），還有一個有紳士般的賭博“父親”，他依靠數(shù)學(xué)來提高技巧，以便在幾率的游戲中獲勝。由中文大意得知，選項D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計學(xué)的背景符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻譯為：數(shù)據(jù)可能代表定性變量，如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型?？梢缘弥狟選項“height”沒有提及，所以B選項正確。選項A“Gender”（性別），選項C“Collegemajor”（大學(xué)專業(yè)），選項D“Typeofpersonalities”（性格類型）。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”，中文翻譯為：推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)的目的就是通過了解一個群體中一部分樣本的特征來預(yù)測或估計該群體的特征。則B選項“預(yù)測整個人口的特征”正確。

3.單選題

Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.A1998studybyHarvardMedicalSchoolgeriatricianThomasPerlsofferstworeasons:oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.Aman’spurposeissimplytocarrygenesthatensurelongevityandpassthemontohischildren.

Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast.Butwhatisitaboutaman'slifestylethatreduceshislongevity?Asactionmoviemakersknowalltoowell,menaresuperchargedwithtestosterone.AsidefromforcingustowatchfrenziedmovieslikeTheMatrixReloaded,thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.Meanwhile,thefemalehormonechopsharmfulcholesterolandraises“good”cholesterol.

AsPerls’sstudypointsout:“Betweenages15and24,menarefourtofivetimesmorelikelytodiethanwomen.Thistimeframecoincideswiththeonsetofpubertyandanincreaseinrecklessandviolentbehaviorinmales.Researchersrefertoitasa“testosteronestorm”.Mostdeathsinthismalegroupcomefrommotorvehicleaccidents,followedbyhomicide,suicide...anddrowning.”

Whileallthisjumpingfromtallbuildingsmayresultinsomeaccidentaldeath,itstilldoesn'taccountfortheonsetoffatalillnessesatanearlierage.Statistically,menarecrippledmorequicklybyillnesseslikeheartdisease,strokeandcancer.ASingaporestudyfoundthatwhilemenwerediagnosedwithchronicillnesstwoyearsearlierthanwomen,womenwerealsodisabledbytheirillnessesfouryearslater.Menmoreoftenengageinriskierhabitslikedrinkingalcoholandusingrecreationaldrugs,aswellaseatingtoexcess.Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit'strue.

Ifyourgoalistobecomethefirst100-year-oldmanonyourfamilytree,therearesomethingsyoucandotoboostyourodds.Oneistoexaminewhatcentenariansaredoingright.AccordingtotheongoingNewEnglandCentenarianStudy,thelargestcomprehensivestudyofcentenariansintheworld,theycanfendofforevenescapeage-associateddiseaseslikeheartattack,stroke,cancer,diabetesandAlzheimer's.Ninetypercentofthosestudiedwerefunctionallyindependentforthevastmajorityoftheirlivesupuntiltheageof92,and75%werejustasautonomousatanaverageageof95.“Centenariansdisprovetheperceptionthat‘theolderyouget,thesickeryouget.’Centenariansteachusthattheolderyouget,thehealthieryou’vebeen.”

1.Thispassagemainlydiscusses______.

2.AccordingtoThomasPerls,whichofthefollowingisamajorfactorcontributingtotherelativelongevityofwomenovermen?

3.Theauthormentions“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”to______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,testosteroneisahormonethat______.

5.Comparedwithwomen,menasawhole______.

問題1選項

A.whywomenleadahealthierlifethanmen

B.howwomencanlivelongerandstayhealthy

C.whatkeepsmenfromenjoyingalongerlifespan

D.whethermen'slifestyleleadstotheirearlydeath

問題2選項

A.Theirnaturalurgetoremainhealthy

B.Theirgreaternaturaldrivetopassongenes

C.Theirneedtobearhealthyoffspring

D.Theirdesiretohavemorechildren

問題3選項

A.supporttheargumentaboutwomen'sroleinrearingchildren

B.summarizeapossiblecauseofdifferentlifeexpectancies

C.challengethetheoryaboutourancestors'behaviorpatterns

D.illustratethehistoryofhumanevolutionprocess

問題4選項

A.increasesasmengrowolder

B.reducesriskfactorsinmalebehavior

C.leadstoaggressivebehaviorandheartdisease

D.accountsforwomen’sdislikeforviolentfilms

問題5選項

A.sufferfromdepressionmoreoften

B.sufferfromdiseaseslaterthanwomen

C.arereluctanttohavephysicalcheckups

D.arenotaffectedbyviolentmovies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句“Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.”中文翻譯為：女人仍然比男人活得長，這是一個有據(jù)可查的事實。A選項“為什么女性比男性生活得更健康?！蔽恼轮须m提及，但并不是文章的主要內(nèi)容。C選項“是什么讓男人不能享受更長的壽命呢?！痹谖恼碌牡诙斡兴w現(xiàn)，但這篇文章不能簡單地概括為“男人不能享受更長的壽命?！盌選項的意思跟C選項大體一致，也可排除。由此可知B選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“ThomasPerls”可以定位到原文第一段“oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.”中文翻譯為：一個是遺傳基因的進(jìn)化動力；另一個是需要保持足夠的健康來撫養(yǎng)盡可能多的孩子。因此可知B選項“她們天生就有傳遞基因的動力”符合題意。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵句“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”可定位到原文第二段“Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”，中文翻譯為：好吧，這就是過去穴居人留下的遺產(chǎn)。根據(jù)后文轉(zhuǎn)折，可以得知C選項“挑戰(zhàn)關(guān)于我們祖先行為模式的理論”為正確答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“testosterone”可定位到原文第二段“thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.”，中文翻譯為：測試產(chǎn)生的荷爾蒙還會引發(fā)更危險的行為和攻擊性，增加有害膽固醇的水平，增加患心臟病或中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險?？芍狢選項“導(dǎo)致攻擊性行為和心臟病”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通過題干可以定位到第四段最后一句“Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit’true.”中文大意：還有關(guān)于男人不喜歡經(jīng)常看醫(yī)生的刻板印象?研究表明這是真的。由此可知C選項“與女性相比，男性總體上不愿意做身體檢查”正確。

4.單選題

Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast￡80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover￡116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.

OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.

Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe￡11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.

TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.

Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”

MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,

Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay￡26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.

2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?

3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.

4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.

5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.

問題1選項

A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation

B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice

C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal

D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof￡80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors

問題2選項

A.Retailchains

B.Farmers

C.Dairycompanies

D.Politicians

問題3選項

A.confident

B.angry

C.deficient

D.challenging

問題4選項

A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT

B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness

C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation

D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal

問題5選項

A.objective

B.biased

C.sympathetic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段。A選項“特易購是所有零售商中最堅決捍衛(wèi)自己聲譽的?！蓖茰y其他的零售商勾結(jié)，并沒有體現(xiàn)出捍衛(wèi)自身的聲譽，可排除。B選項“事實已經(jīng)證明，特易購與阿斯達(dá)、懷斯曼、乳品佳潔士和奶酪公司串通操縱乳品價格。”理解錯誤，特易購要證明自己并沒有與其他零售商勾結(jié)。C選項“特易購正盡力證明自己在丑聞中的清白?！庇深}干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million”中文翻譯：特易購正準(zhǔn)備打一場法律戰(zhàn)，以澄清自己卷入這起導(dǎo)致消費者損失2.7億英鎊的奶制品價格操縱丑聞的名聲。符合題意，因此C選項正確。D選項“由于特易購對反競爭行為的快速反應(yīng)，特易購獲得了8000萬英鎊的寬大處理?！崩斫忮e誤，如果Tesco不能證明自己的清白，將面臨8000萬英鎊的罰款。D選項可排除。綜上所述，C選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干，A選項“Retailchains”（零售連鎖店），文中所說的零售商只是將奶制品的價格提供給公司，不符合題意，可排除。B選項“Famers”（農(nóng)民），文中所說的不確定農(nóng)民是否得到了錢。C選項“Dairycompanies”（乳制品公司），文中所說乳制品公司操縱了的價格，符合題意，C選項正確。D選項“Politicians”（政治家），文中所說，財政部獲得了補償，因此，也可排除。綜上所述，C選項正確。

3.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions”，中文翻譯為：特易購對此不以為然，并表示正準(zhǔn)備為自己的行為進(jìn)行強有力的辯護。A選項“自信的”，特易購正準(zhǔn)備為自己的行為進(jìn)行辯護，可推測他對行為很自信。A選項最符合詞義。B選項“生氣的”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)特易購生氣，可排除。C選項“不足的，有缺陷的”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“挑戰(zhàn)性的”，不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，A選項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthat

thecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation.中文翻譯為：莫里森支持OFT對其接管的前Safeway業(yè)務(wù)的調(diào)查，但在一份聲明中表示，莫里森仍在為OFT進(jìn)行“強有力的辯護”。LactalisMcLelland的發(fā)言人表示，該公司正在與OFT“合作”。業(yè)內(nèi)人士暗示，這三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的調(diào)查。判斷出C選項“業(yè)內(nèi)人士暗示，莫里森是在試圖以不合作的方式拖延OFT的調(diào)查”正確。A選項“在處理OFT時，莫里森是最具防御性的”，這里并沒有體現(xiàn)莫里森具有防御性，可排除。B選項“莫里森不愿支持對前西夫韋公司的調(diào)查”，文中所說，莫里森支持對前Safeway公司的調(diào)查，因此，B選項錯誤。D選項“莫里森公司確實拒絕承認(rèn)與丑聞有關(guān)”，文中并沒有提及，可排除。綜上所述，C選項正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。通讀全文，A選項“objective”（客觀的），文中作者對Tesco的態(tài)度比較客觀，符合題意，A選項正確；B選項“biased”（有偏見的），文中并沒有體現(xiàn)作者對于Tesco的偏見，可排除；C選項“sympathetic”（同情的），不符合題意，可排除；D選項“optimistic”（積極的），不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，A選項正確。

5.單選題

McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.

PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,1itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichbrandsmadeup“l(fā)itteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.“Wecondemnpeoplefordroppingthisfastfoodlitterinthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshave2messagesforthefastfoodindustry.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoreto3litteringbytheircustomers.”

HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitter4“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreduceunnecessarypackaging,headdeD.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesforthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchersorother5forthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsat6pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AspokesmanforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomersto7oflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereunder8inManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookits9forlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardto10theimpactoflitteroncommunities,butitwas“stilldowntotheindividualcustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognizedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,despitehavingalreadytakenmeasurestohelptackletheissue.

問題1選項

A.releasing

B.discharging

C.founding

D.launching

問題2選項

A.coherent

B.pertinent

C.consistent

D.redundant

問題3選項

A.discourage

B.forbid

C.persuade

D.damage

問題4選項

A.continued

B.indicate

C.remained

D.left

問題5選項

A.incentive

B.premises

C.stimulus

D.proximity

問題6選項

A.convenient

B.strategic

C.near

D.eye-catching

問題7選項

A.propose

B.dissolve

C.handle

D.dispose

問題8選項

A.way

B.construction

C.pressure

D.government

問題9選項

A.shoulder

B.burden

C.turn

D.responsibility

問題10選項

A.resolve

B.dissolve

C.minimize

D.dilute

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

【解析】1.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項release“釋放；放出；放走；放開；松開；使自由移動（或飛翔、降落等）；發(fā)泄；宣泄”；B選項discharge“卸貨；排出”；C選項found“創(chuàng)辦（組織）；建立（國家）；以……為基礎(chǔ)；熔化”；D選項launching“發(fā)射；發(fā)動；開始從事”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關(guān)鍵字newDirtyPigcampaign“新的臟豬運動”判斷出此處表達(dá)“發(fā)起……運動”，D選項正確。

2.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項coherent“連貫的，一致的；明了的；清晰的”；B選項pertinent“相關(guān)的，相干的；中肯的；切題的”；C選項consistent“始終如一的，一致的；堅持的”；D選項redundant“多余的，過剩的；被解雇的，失業(yè)的；冗長的，累贅的”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關(guān)鍵字forthefastfoodindustry“快餐業(yè)”判斷出此處表達(dá)“和……有關(guān)的”，B選項正確。

3.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項discourage“阻止；使氣餒”；B選項forbid“禁止；不準(zhǔn)；不允許；〈正式〉嚴(yán)禁”；C選項persuade“說服，勸說；使某人相信；勸某人做（不做）某事”；D選項damage“損害，毀壞”。根據(jù)上下文，以及關(guān)鍵字litteringbytheircustomers“阻止顧客亂扔垃圾”判斷出此處表達(dá)“阻止”，A選項正確。

4.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項continued“繼續(xù)，延續(xù)；仍舊，連續(xù)”；B選項indicate“表明；指出；預(yù)示；象征”；C選項remain“保持；依然；留下；剩余；逗留；殘存”；D選項leave“離開”。根據(jù)上文“HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols”，中文翻譯為：他肯定了麥當(dāng)勞所做的努力，包括設(shè)立垃圾箱和增加垃圾巡邏。以及空格后“alltooprevalent”，中文翻譯為“太普遍了”判斷出此處C選項正確。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項incentive“動機；刺激；鼓勵”；B選項premise“前提；經(jīng)營場址；房屋；契約前言”；C選項stimulus“刺激；激勵；刺激物”；D選項proximity“接近，[數(shù)]鄰近；接近；接近度，距離；親近”。根據(jù)上文“offermoney-offvouchers”，中文翻譯為：提供折價券，判斷出A選項正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項convenient“方便的；近便的；實用的”；B選項strategic“戰(zhàn)略上的，戰(zhàn)略的”；C選項near“近的，靠近的；接近的；近似的；不久的；近親的；小氣的”；D選項eye-catching“引人注目的；耀眼的；顯著的”?？崭裉帯皃utmorebinsat…pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises”，中文大意為：在當(dāng)?shù)亟值郎系摹c（而不僅僅是店外）放置更多垃圾箱?？芍狟選項正確。

7.考查固定搭配。A選項propose“建議；打算，計劃；求婚”；B選項dissolve“溶解；解散；消失”；C選項handle“處理，應(yīng)付（局勢、人、工作或感情）；（用手）觸，拿，搬動；控制，操縱（車輛、動物、工具等）”；D選項dispose“處理；處置；安排；使傾向于”。根據(jù)上下文，以及固定搭配disposeof“丟掉，清除”可知D選項正確。

8.考查固定搭配。A選項way“方法；道路；方向；行業(yè)；習(xí)慣”；B選項construction“建設(shè)；建筑物；解釋；造句”；C選項pressure“壓力；壓迫，[物]壓強”；D選項government“政府；政體；管轄”。underway“進(jìn)行著；航行中”，A選項正確。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項shoulder“肩，肩膀；肩部”；B選項burden“負(fù)擔(dān)；責(zé)任；船的載貨量”；C選項turn“轉(zhuǎn)彎；變化；（損害或有益于別人的）行為，舉動，舉止”；D選項responsibility“責(zé)任，職責(zé)；義務(wù)”。聯(lián)系下文“andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts”，以及固定搭配takeresponsibilityfor對……負(fù)責(zé)，可知D選項正確。

10.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項resolve“決定；溶解；使……分解；決心要做……”；B選項dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C選項minimize“使減到最少；小看，極度輕視”；D選項dilute“稀釋，沖淡；削弱；變稀薄，變淡”。根據(jù)下文“theimpactoflitteroncommunities”可知C選項正確。

6.單選題

CambridgeUniversitywaseasily___,andhereturnedtheretobeginhismajorresearchactivities.

問題1選項

A.accessible

B.attributable

C.attainable

D.attachable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項accessible“易接近的；可進(jìn)入的；可理解的”；B選項attributable“可歸于……的；可歸屬的”；C選項attainable“可得到的；可達(dá)到的；可到達(dá)的”；D選項attachable“可附上的；可連接的；可逮捕的；可沒收的”。句意：劍橋大學(xué)很容易進(jìn)入，他回到那里開始了他的主要研究活動。根據(jù)句意可知A選項正確。

7.單選題

Lifeisfullofperils,butthewisemanignoresthosethatare______.

問題1選項

A.ineluctable

B.inevitable

C.unessential

D.unforgettable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項ineluctable“不可避免的；無法逃避的”；B選項inevitable“必然的；無法避免的”；C選項unessential“非本質(zhì)的”；D選項unforgettable“難忘的”。句意：生活充滿了危險，但聰明的人會忽略這些……危險?！癷neluctable”和“inevitable”都有“無法避免”意思，但是“inevitable”所形容的事件存在著必然性。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

問題1選項

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項conscious“意識到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B選項doubtful“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能確定的”；C選項novelty“新奇；新奇的事物；新穎小巧而廉價的物品”；D選項obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無名的”。句意：許多科學(xué)家對這個研究項目的價值仍持懷疑態(tài)度。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞skeptical“懷疑的”，得知B選項正確。

9.單選題

Inpracticethetheoryoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.

問題1選項

A.decline

B.fluctuate

C.frustrate

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項decline“下降；衰落；謝絕”；B選項fluctuate“波動；漲落；動搖”；C選項frustrate“失??；受挫”；D選項prosper“繁榮，昌盛；成功”。句意：在實踐中，這一理論往往使鐵路公司處于決定哪些公司會興旺發(fā)達(dá)、哪些會倒閉的位置。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞fail“衰??；倒閉”，可推測前文的單詞應(yīng)是與之相反的詞，得知D選項正確。

10.單選題

Whoeversaidthatvictoryhasmanyfathersanddefeatisanorphan,surelyhadneverheardoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Inthecaseofthehaplessmultilateraltradebodyanditslongsufferingrepresentatives,thetotalfailureoftheopeningmeetingoftheso-calledMillenniumtraderoundhaslotsofpeopleboastingoftheirrolesintheviolentphysicalstruggle.Well.That'sjustbrilliant.Theyareproudofbeingpartofamovementthatwantstowreckthemostimportantengineofeconomicgrowth,prosperityandoverallglobalrisinglivingstandardswehave—thefreedomoftradeandmovementofpeopleandgoodsbetweennations.

The135-membersWTOiscomposedofsovereignofsovereigngovernmentswishingtofurtherthisgoalandeasethesettlementofinternationaltradedisputes.FromthesoundsemanatingfromSeattle,though,itwouldnowseemtheWTOhasnowreplacedtheTrilateralCommissionandtheFreemasonsascandidateNo.1totakeovertheworld.

EverybodyhashisfavoriteSeattlestory.Thecity’spolicechiefwillhaveplentyoftimetothinkabouthis,havingnowresignedindisgraceoverthelossofcontrolofdowntownSeattle.TheSeattlebusinesscommunitymaybemoreinclinedtobroodovertheirs;thepoorfoolsinvested＄9milliontoattractthemeetingtotheirfinecity.Whatstandsoutmore?Iwouldnominatetheunionofsteelworkerswhoweremarchinginprotest.It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.

Thedebatenowisoverjusthoweffectivethisanti-globalistcoalitionwillturnouttobe.Intheheatofthemoment,italwayslooksasthoughtheworldasweknowitiscomingtoanenD.Buttheoverwhelminglikelihoodisthatwehavenotactuallyseenarelayoftheanti-VietnamWarmovement,whichhadmuchclearerfocus,obviously,thoughitsconsequenceswerefar-reaching.Howlong,afterall,canyouprotestagainstcheapimportswhenthosesameimportsarealloveryouhouse?

No,therealreasonforthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointtoPresidentClintonasamajorculprit.WhichmaybebothgoodandbaD.Takingthelongview,othertraderoundshavehaddifficultbeginnings,too.IttookyearstogettheUruguayRoundunderway,whichfinallyhappenedin1986.Thankfully,wewillsoonbeelectinganotherpresident,anditshouldbesomeonewhoseactionsmatchhisrhetoric.

Still,itisadisgracethattheworld'sgreatesttradingnation,i.e.theUnitedStates,iscurrentlyledbyamanwhosemotivationsaresonarrowlypoliticalandegocentricthathehasnowwreckedanychanceofenteringthehistorybooksasachampionoffreetrade.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thefailureoftheSeattlemeetingischieflycausedby_______.

2.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat______.

3.OneoftheWTO'sgoalsasmentionedinthepassageisto_______.

4.Bysayingthat“It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.”(thelastsentenceinParagraph3)theauthormeansthat______.

5.TheauthorisobviouslycriticalofPresidentClintonfor______.

問題1選項

A.anti-globalistandpro-globalistconflicts

B.PresidentClinton’swronginitiatives

C.thestrongprotestsfromdiversegroups

D.thepolice'sfailuretomaintainorder

問題2選項

A.differentforcescontributedtothefailureoftheMillenniumtraderound

B.manypeoplebraggedoftheirpresenceattheMillenniumtraderound

C.thereexistedarangeofviolentdebatedastotheprospectsoftheWTO

D.onlyafewmemberswereproudoftheirmembershipoftheWTO

問題3選項

A.serveasarbitersininternationaltradedisputes

B.ensurecheapexportandimportofgoodsunnecessarily

C.bringabouttheglobalizationofworld'strades

D.encouragefreetradeandgoodsexchangesworldwide

問題4選項

A.theWTOislikelytohaveanegativeimageinpeople'smindinthefuture

B.theWTOwillhavetroublechangingpeople'swayofthinkinginthefuture

C.thestartlingscenew