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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)傳媒大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Thesearetwo()issues,butpeopleoftentakethemasone.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.oblivious
B.distinguished
C.distinct
D.evident
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)oblivious“遺忘的,健忘的”。B選項(xiàng)distinguished“著名的,卓著的”。C選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的,獨(dú)特的,有區(qū)別的”。D選項(xiàng)evident“明顯的,明白的”。句意:這是兩個(gè)截然不同的問(wèn)題,但人們往往把它們視為一個(gè)問(wèn)題。but表示轉(zhuǎn)折,說(shuō)明前面所表述的問(wèn)題是不同的,獨(dú)特的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
2.單選題
WhenIappliedunderEarlyDecisiontotheUniversityofPennsylvaniafouryearsago,Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.TheambitionwastofulfillmylifelongexpectationofattendinganIvyLeagueschool;thefearwasthatwithouttheadvantageofferedbyEarlyDecision,Iwouldn’tmakethecut.APennadmissionsofficertoldmethatthepreviousyeartheyhadaccepted45percentofEarlyDecisionapplicantsandjust29percentoftotalapplicants.Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.AtBrownUniversity,myotherfavorite,applyingearlydidnotconferanyadvantage.WhileBrownwasmyNo.1choice,Pennwasaclosesecond,andIdesperatelywantedtomakesureIgotintooneofthetwo.
IappliedjustbeforetheNov.1deadline,andsixweekslaterIgotmyacceptancepackage.Iwasthrilledandrelieved.Whilemyfriendsspentwintervacationfinishingasmanyas18applicationseach,Irelaxed.OnaschooltriptoFranceoverspringbreak,Idrankwinewhileeveryoneelsestruggledwithinternationalcallingcardstophonehomeandfindoutwherethey’dbeenaccepted.Peoplecriedaboutgettingrejected,orbeganthedifficultandagonizingprocessofchoosingbetweentwoormoreschools.Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.
Pennsentadiscombobulatingarrayofmaterialtoincomingfreshmenoverthesummer.Asthepileofmailmounted,sodidmyconcernsthatIhadmadethewrongchoice.IhadbeentoPennonlyoneday,inOctoberofmysenioryear.IrealizenowIdidnotknownearlyenoughaboutmyselfortheschool.Pickingclasseswasfarmorearcane(錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的)thanIhadexpected(orthanitwouldhavebeenatasmallerschool).AndwhenIgottothecampus,Ifoundthatfraternities(男生聯(lián)誼會(huì))andsororities(女生聯(lián)誼會(huì))wereamorenoticeableandobnoxiouspresencethanthe30percentstudentmembershiphadsuggestedtome.
Itwasn'tlongbeforeIknewPennwasnotrightformeandIlookedintotransferring.Forme,itwasaboutmorethanjustchangingschools.IwantedtohavethetraditionalapplicationexperienceI'dmissedoutonduringmyfirstgo-round.TheonlyschoolonmylistthatallowedtransfersduringthesecondsemesteroffreshmanyearwasWesleyan,soIwaitedoutthewholeyear,andthenappliedtoYale,BrownandWesleyan.IgotintoWesleyan.TheironythatIcouldhavegotteninsooner,withoutgettingrejectedbytheotherschools,wasnotlostonme.ButIknowImadetherightdecision.Irealizedearlydecisionisnotforeveryone.Betterthinkbeforeyouapply.
Tohigh-schoolseniorswhowanttoavoidmakingthesamemistakeIdid,myadviceissimple:don'tapplyunderEarlyDecisionunlessyouareabsolutelysurethattheschoolisyourfirstchoice.And,justasimportant,don’tletyourparentsorcollege-guidancecounselorspersuadeyoutoapplyunderEarlyDecision.Theymayhavetheirownagenda,oratleasttheirownperceptionofwhoyouareandwhatyouwant.AsIdiscovered,noonecanreallyknowwhatyouwantbetterthanyourself,andevenyoumayneedtimetofigureoutwhatthatis.
1.ThemainreasonsfortheauthortoapplyunderEarlyDecisionare().
2.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthemainadvantageofEarlyDecisionisthat()
3.Thedescriptionoftheauthor’sfeelingsinParagraph2showsthat().
4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat().
5.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.prideandambition
B.dreamandfear
C.easinessandeffort-saving
D.trouble-savingandrelease
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.youcangraduatefromthehighschoolearlier
B.youdon'tworryabouttheresults
C.youneedn'ttaketheentranceexamination
D.you’remorelikelytobeaccepted
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.heissatisfiedwithhischoice
B.therearemanyadvantagesofbeingacceptedearlier
C.lesseffortisneededunderEarlyDecision
D.heishappywithanddoubtsabouthisdecision
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.afillconsiderationisneededbeforeapplying
B.studentsshouldavoidtheshortcut
C.aquickdecisionwilldoyounogood
D.theauthorshouldn'tapplyunderEarlyDecision
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.regretful
B.optimistic
C.gloomy
D.sensitive
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn):作者根據(jù)“提前申請(qǐng)”原則申請(qǐng)學(xué)校主要是因?yàn)槭裁??根?jù)原文第一段第一句“Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.”可知,我提前申請(qǐng)賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)主要是因?yàn)橛袃煞N強(qiáng)烈的情感驅(qū)使我這么做:雄心和恐懼。因此,B項(xiàng)“夢(mèng)想與恐懼”符合原文表述,故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
第2題:2.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn):從原文可以推斷出“提前申請(qǐng)”的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么?根據(jù)原文第一段第四句“Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.”可知,提前申請(qǐng)政策能大大提高被錄取的幾率,因此D選項(xiàng)“你更可能被錄取”符合原文內(nèi)容,而其他三項(xiàng)在原文中均未提及,故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn):作者在第二段中的情感描述是為了說(shuō)明什么?首先,作者在第二段第二句講到“Iwasthrilledandrelieved”,說(shuō)明作者在得知提前申請(qǐng)通過(guò)時(shí),他很興奮也感到釋然”,而根據(jù)第二段第六句“Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.”可知,作者在看到其他同學(xué)因?yàn)樯暾?qǐng)其他學(xué)?;蛳不驊n的時(shí)候,他并沒(méi)覺(jué)得自己提前申請(qǐng)成功是什么高興的事,而當(dāng)他看到班上有很多同學(xué)考上了布朗大學(xué)時(shí),他又想知道如果自己也報(bào)考的話,能不能也考得上。由此可見,他對(duì)自己提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校產(chǎn)生了懷疑。所以,綜合對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有D選項(xiàng)“他對(duì)自己的決定既開心又懷疑”最能概述原文信息,故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
第4題:4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn):我們可以從文中總結(jié)出什么內(nèi)容?原文首先講述了作者依據(jù)“提前申請(qǐng)”政策選擇了賓夕法尼亞大學(xué),但在看到別人還在費(fèi)盡心思通過(guò)學(xué)校申請(qǐng)時(shí),他又產(chǎn)生了動(dòng)搖,而在真正進(jìn)入學(xué)校之后他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不適合這所學(xué)校,所以最后又費(fèi)勁轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)。作者通過(guò)自己的申請(qǐng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論:并不是每個(gè)人都適合提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校。作者建議高三學(xué)生要思考一下自己想要什么,是不是真正適合提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校,同時(shí)也不要輕易被他人的思想左右。因此,A選項(xiàng)“在申請(qǐng)之前,需要充分考慮”最符合原文內(nèi)容表述;B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生應(yīng)該避免捷徑”表述錯(cuò)誤,作者只是希望學(xué)生們可以多思考一下以免將來(lái)后悔自己的決定,并非不能通過(guò)這種方式進(jìn)入大學(xué);C選項(xiàng)“匆忙做決定無(wú)益”不可由文章總結(jié)得出,作者只是希望學(xué)生能從多方面考量之后再提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校;D選項(xiàng)“作者不應(yīng)該提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)?!迸c原文內(nèi)容不符,作者只是沒(méi)有考慮好自己的意向?qū)W校,并非不能申請(qǐng)。因此,本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
第5題:5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問(wèn):從文中我們可以明白,作者似乎是……。A選項(xiàng)regretful表示“遺憾的,后悔的”;B選項(xiàng)optimistic表示“樂(lè)觀的”;C選項(xiàng)gloomy表示“憂郁的”;D選項(xiàng)sensitive表示“敏感的”。作者主要通過(guò)自己提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校后又對(duì)學(xué)校不滿意進(jìn)而轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)指出,大家在提前申請(qǐng)學(xué)校時(shí)一定要考慮好自己想要什么,不要輕易受別人影響。由此可見,作者對(duì)于自己的這次申請(qǐng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)比較遺憾,因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
3.單選題
Youmayput()onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.fat
B.grease
C.oil
D.cream
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。fat“脂肪”;grease“油脂,潤(rùn)滑油”;oil“石油,油畫材料”;cream“奶油,乳脂”。根據(jù)句意可知,涂在輪子上的應(yīng)該是潤(rùn)滑油,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
4.翻譯題
GenerationJoblessThenumberofyoungpeopleoutofworkgloballyisnearlyasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates
"YOUNGpeopleoughtnottobeidle.Itisverybadforthem,"saidMargaretThatcherin1984.Shewasright:therearefewworsethingsthatsocietycandotoitsyoungthantoleavetheminlimbo.
1.Thosewhostarttheircareersonthedolearemorelikelytohavelowerwagesandmorespellsofjoblessnesslaterinlife,becausetheyloseoutonthechancetoacquireskillsandself-confidenceintheirformativeyears.
Yetmoreyoungpeopleareidlethanever.OECDfiguressuggestthat26m15-to24-year-oidsindevelopedcountriesarenotinemployment,educationortraining;thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobhasrisenby30%since2007.TheInternationalLabourOrganisationreportsthat75myoungpeoplegloballyarelookingforajob.WorldBanksurveyssuggestthat262myoungpeopleinemergingmarketsareeconomicallyinactive.Dependingonhowyoumeasurethem,thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobisnearlyaslargeasthepopulationofAmerica(311m).
2.Twofactorsplayabigpart.First,thelongslowdownintheWesthasreduceddemandforlabour,anditiseasiertoputoffhiringyoungpeoplethanitistofireolderworkers.Second,inemergingeconomiespopulationgrowthisfastestincountrieswithdysfunctionallabourmarkets,suchasIndiaandEgypt.
Theresultisan"areofunemployment",fromsouthernEuropethroughnorthAfricaandtheMiddleEasttoSouthAsia,wheretherichworld'srecessionmeetsthepoorworld'syouthquake.TheangeroftheyoungjoblesshasalreadyburstontothestreetsintheMiddleEast.Violentcrime,generallyindeclineintherichworld,isrisinginSpain,ItalyandPortugal—countrieswithstartlinglyhighyouthunemployment.
Willgrowthgivethemajob?
Themostobviouswaytotacklethisproblemistoreignitegrowth.Thatiseasiersaidthandoneinaworldplaguedbydebt,andisanywayonlyapartialanswer.Thecountrieswheretheproblemisworst(suchasSpainandEgypt)sufferedfromhighyouthunemploymentevenwhentheireconomiesweregrowing.
3.Throughouttherecessioncompanieshavecontinuedtocomplainthattheycannotfindyoungpeoplewiththefightskills.Thisunderlinestheimportanceoftwoothersolutions:reforminglabourmarketsandimprovingeducation.Thesearefamiliarprescriptions,butonesthatneedtobedeliveredwithbothanewvigourandanewtwist.
Youthunemploymentisoftenatitsworstincountrieswithrigidlabourmarkets.Cartelisedindustries,hightaxesonhiring,strictrulesaboutfiring,highminimumwages:allthesehelpcondemnyoungpeopletothestreetcomer.SouthAfricahassomeofthehighestunemploymentsouthoftheSahara,inpartbecauseithaspowerfultradeunionsandrigidrulesabouthiringandfiring.Manycountriesintheareofyouthunemploymenthavehighminimumwagesandheavytaxesonlabour.Indiahasaround200lawsonworkandpay.
Deregulatinglabourmarketsisthuscentraltotacklingyouthunemployment.Butitwillnotbeenoughonitsown.Britainhasaflexiblelabourmarketandhighyouthunemployment.Incountrieswithbetterrecords,governmentstendtotakeamoreactiveroleinfindingjobsforthosewhoarestruggling.Germany,whichhasthesecond-lowestlevelofyouthunemploymentintherichworld,paysaproportionofthewagesofthelongtermunemployedforthefirsttwoyears.TheNordiccountriesprovideyoungpeoplewith"personalisedplans"togetthemintoemploymentortraining.ButthesepoliciesaretooexpensivetoreproduceinsouthernEurope,withtheirmillionsofunemployed,letalonetheemergingworld.
4.Acheaperapproachistoreformlabour-hungrybitsoftheeconomv—forexample,bymakingiteasierforsmallbusinessestogetlicences,orconstructioncompaniestogetapprovalforprojects,orshopstostayopenintheevening.
ThegraduateglutAcrosstheOECD,peoplewholeftschoolattheearliestopportunityaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasuniversitygraduates.Butitisunwisetoconcludethatgovernmentsshouldsimplycontinuewiththeestablishedpolicyofboostingthenumberofpeoplewhograduatefromuniversity.InbothBritainandtheUnitedStatesmanypeoplewithexpensiveliberal-artsdegreesarefindingitimpossibletogetdecentjobs.InnorthAfricauniversitygraduatesaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.
5.Whatmattersisnotjustnumberofyearsofeducationpeopleget,butitscontent.Thismeansexpandingthestudyofscienceandtechnologyandclosingthegapbetweentheworldofeducationandtheworldofwork—forexamplebyupgradingvocationalandtechnicaleducationandbyforgingcloserrelationsbetweencompaniesandschools.Germany’slong-establishedsystemofvocationalschoolingandapprenticeshipsdoesjustthat.Othercountriesarefollowingsuit:SouthKoreahasintroduced“meister”schools,Singaporehasboostedtechnicalcolleges,andBritainisexpandingapprenticeshipsandtryingtoimprovetechnicaleducation.
Closingthegapwillalsorequireachangeofattitudefrombusiness.Somecompanies,rangingfromIBMandRolls-RoycetoMcDonald’sandPremierInn,arerevampingtheirtrainingprogrammes,butthefearthatemployeeswillbepoacheddiscouragesfirmsfrominvestingintheyoung.Therearewaysofgettingaroundtheproblem:groupsofemployerscanco-operatewithcollegestodesigntrainingcourses,forexample.6.Technologyisalsoreducingthecostoftraining:programmesdesignedaroundcomputergamescangiveyoungsterssomevirtualexperience,andonlinecoursescanhelpapprenticescombineon-the-jobtrainingwithacademicinstruction.
Theproblemofyouthunemploymenthasbeengettingworseforseveralyears.Butthereareatlastsomereasonsforhope.7.Governmentsaretryingtoaddressthemismatchbetweeneducationandthelabourmarket.Companiesarebeginningtotakemoreresponsibilityforinvestingintheyoung.Andtechnologyishelpingdemocratiseeducationandtraining.Theworldhasarealchanceofintroducinganeducation-and-trainingrevolutionworthyofthescaleoftheproblem.
【答案】1.那些靠救濟(jì)金過(guò)活的人工資更低,人生后期也會(huì)經(jīng)歷更多次的失業(yè),因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谛愿裥纬善谝呀?jīng)失去了獲得技能和自信的機(jī)會(huì)。
2.有兩個(gè)因素起了很大作用。首先,西方的長(zhǎng)期放緩生產(chǎn)速度減少了對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的需求,年輕人比老員工更容易被解雇。其次,在新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體中,勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)功能失調(diào)的國(guó)家,如印度和埃及,人口增長(zhǎng)卻最快。
3.有些公司經(jīng)歷了衰退的整個(gè)過(guò)程,卻仍然抱怨找不到合適的年輕技術(shù)工人。這強(qiáng)調(diào)了另外兩個(gè)解決方案的重要性:改革勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)和改善教育。這些措施廣為人知,但是要做出這些改革,還需要新的勇氣和新策略。
4.更廉價(jià)的方法是改革經(jīng)濟(jì)中急需勞動(dòng)力的企業(yè)——例如,簡(jiǎn)化小型企業(yè)的注冊(cè)程序,簡(jiǎn)化建筑公司招標(biāo)的審批程序,讓商店更容易地在晚上照常營(yíng)業(yè)等等。
5.重要的不僅是人們受教育的年限,還有教育的內(nèi)容。這意味著擴(kuò)大科技研究,縮小理論教育和實(shí)際用工之間的差距。比如,可以通過(guò)升級(jí)職業(yè)教育和技術(shù)教育,將學(xué)校和公司更緊密地聯(lián)系起來(lái)等等方式加以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
6.應(yīng)用技術(shù)也可以減少培訓(xùn)成本:可將培訓(xùn)設(shè)計(jì)成電腦游戲,從而讓年輕人得到虛擬體驗(yàn)。同時(shí),在線課程可以幫助學(xué)徒把在職培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容與大學(xué)課程融合起來(lái)。
7.政府正努力解決教育和勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)之間的不匹配問(wèn)題。公司開始在投資年輕人方面承擔(dān)起更多的責(zé)任。應(yīng)用某些技術(shù)也有助于推行教育和培訓(xùn)的民主化。
5.單選題
Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.
Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.
Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperform,well-learnedbehavior,patternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan"Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizespatterns.
Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.
Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.
1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto().
2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?
3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?
4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?
5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem
B.identifyaproblem
C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts
D.stipulatecleargoals
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.
B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.
C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.
D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.
B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.
C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.
D.ManagerXdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis
B.Managercannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions
C.Managerintuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills
D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.
B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.
C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.
D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由題干中關(guān)鍵詞seniormanagers定位到文章第三段。第三段說(shuō)到seniormanagers在五個(gè)不同方面使用直覺(jué),其中第一點(diǎn)、第三點(diǎn)和第五點(diǎn)分別對(duì)一個(gè)選項(xiàng)B、C和A,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
第2題:2.推理判斷題。本題定位段十分明確。A選項(xiàng)“他們批評(píng)管理人員沒(méi)有遵循經(jīng)典的理性決策模式”源自本段中“Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality”,一些作者認(rèn)為直覺(jué)位于理性決策的對(duì)立面,但并未提及這些作者批評(píng)管理人員的行為;B選項(xiàng)“他們的分析并沒(méi)有建立在足夠大的實(shí)際管理者樣本的基礎(chǔ)上”在本段中并未提及;C選項(xiàng)“他們依賴于管理者說(shuō)了什么得出結(jié)論,而不是管理者做了什么”同樣并未提及;D選項(xiàng)“他們誤解了管理者在做商業(yè)決策時(shí)是如何利用直覺(jué)的”,由第三段開頭可知,之前的這些作者都沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到管理人員在決策過(guò)程中是如何使用直覺(jué)的,說(shuō)明第二段中提到的幾點(diǎn)都只是這些作者們的誤解,所以D選項(xiàng)正確。
第3題:3.推理判斷題。本題比較的關(guān)鍵是靠直覺(jué)決策與分析后決策。第一段就對(duì)這兩個(gè)類型做了比較。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理X首先分析,然后采取行動(dòng)”這個(gè)類型對(duì)應(yīng)的是第一段提到的分析后決策類管理者,排除A選項(xiàng);B選項(xiàng)“X經(jīng)理通過(guò)系統(tǒng)分析來(lái)檢查問(wèn)題的可能解決方案”同樣對(duì)應(yīng)分析決策類管理者的行為;D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理X利用多年的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)為問(wèn)題創(chuàng)建解決方案”,說(shuō)到“實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)”顯然與“直覺(jué)”相違背;只有C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)理X采取行動(dòng),以達(dá)到問(wèn)題的解決方案”符合第一段第二句中對(duì)于依靠直覺(jué)決策的管理者的描述,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
第4題:4.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“依賴直覺(jué)的管理者比依賴正式?jīng)Q策分析的管理者更成功”是對(duì)文章用意的歪曲,第一段第一句說(shuō)到“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodel…”,大多數(shù)成功的高級(jí)管理者并沒(méi)有遵循經(jīng)典的理性分析模式,但下文是針對(duì)大多數(shù)高級(jí)管理人員的決策模式講解,并沒(méi)有比較兩種模式之間誰(shuí)更成功;B選項(xiàng)“管理者無(wú)法證明他們的直覺(jué)決定是正確的”在文中沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)表述;C選項(xiàng)“管理者的直覺(jué)與他們的理性和分析能力背道而馳”,有悖于第三段中第四點(diǎn)的描述,這些管理者實(shí)際依然擁有理性分析能力;D選項(xiàng)“直覺(jué)使管理者能夠更有效地運(yùn)用他們的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)”對(duì)應(yīng)第三段第二點(diǎn),他們依靠多年時(shí)間磨練和親身體驗(yàn)培養(yǎng)出的技能做出直覺(jué)判斷,也就是說(shuō)他們能高效運(yùn)用實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
第5題:5.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段,顯然是先給出了傳統(tǒng)模式,再拋出新的模式,B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的模型被摒棄,取而代之的是另一種模型”符合文意。A選項(xiàng)“給出了一個(gè)斷言并給出了一個(gè)具體的支持示例”;C選項(xiàng)“介紹和總結(jié)了近年來(lái)的研究成果”;D選項(xiàng)“提出并評(píng)價(jià)了兩種相反的觀點(diǎn)”。
6.單選題
Tiredofurbanlife,Jenifermakesuphermindtobuildherownhomeinaregionwherewildlife().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.abounds
B.exceeds
C.amplifies
D.sustains
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)abound表示“大量存在,盛產(chǎn),充滿”,B選項(xiàng)exceed表示“超越,勝過(guò)”,C選項(xiàng)amplify表示“放大;擴(kuò)大”,D選項(xiàng)sustain表示“維持(生命、生存);保持;支撐”。由句意可知,珍妮弗因?yàn)閰捑氤鞘猩?,所以決心在野生動(dòng)物豐富的地區(qū)建造自己的家。定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是wildlife,缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有A選項(xiàng)詞義最符合原文句意,故A選項(xiàng)為本題正確答案。
7.單選題
Theprisonerhasbeen()ofmanyprivilegesthataveragecitizensenjoy.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ensures
B.informed
C.deprived
D.convinced
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“保證”;B選項(xiàng)inform“通知”;C選項(xiàng)deprive“使喪失;剝奪”;D選項(xiàng)convince“說(shuō)服;使確信”。句意:這個(gè)囚犯……享有普通公民所享有的許多特權(quán)。囚犯與公民自然有區(qū)別,公民享有的許多特權(quán)不是囚犯能享有的,因此C選項(xiàng)“剝奪”符合句意。
8.單選題
Ourneighborshangtheirchildren'sframeddiplomasin()placesonthewallofthesettingroom.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.brilliant
B.respective
C.conspicuous
D.remarkable
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)brilliant表示“絕妙的;杰出的;聰穎的;明亮的”,B選項(xiàng)respective表示“分別的,各自的”,C選項(xiàng)conspicuous表示“顯著的,顯而易見的”,D選項(xiàng)remarkable表示“非凡的;卓越的;值得注意的”。由句意可知,我們鄰居把他們孩子的文憑框掛在客廳墻上顯眼的地方。因此,C選項(xiàng)conspicuous符合語(yǔ)境,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
9.單選題
Thepoliceare()theprisoner’sstatementbyquestioningseveralwitnesses.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.verifying
B.acknowledging
C.expressing
D.confessing
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)verify“核實(shí);查證”;B選項(xiàng)acknowledge“承認(rèn);答謝;報(bào)償”;C選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá);快遞”;D選項(xiàng)confess“承認(rèn);坦白;懺悔”。句意:警察通過(guò)詢問(wèn)幾個(gè)證人來(lái)……囚犯的供詞。證人的意義在于“核實(shí)”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Itwasfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactare()asmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsible.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.referred
B.perceived
C.recommended
D.presumed
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。refer“參考,涉及";perceive“理解,認(rèn)知”;recommend“推薦,介紹”;presume“假定,推測(cè)”。句意:研究發(fā)現(xiàn),那些有更多眼神交流的求職者會(huì)給人更機(jī)警、可靠、自信、負(fù)責(zé)的印象。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
11.單選題
Ijustlearntfrom’'InterculturalEducation"coursethatanEnglishmanseldom()aconversationamongstrangers.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.breaksdown
B.givesriseto
C.initiates
D.resumes
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和詞組。A選項(xiàng)breakdown表示“分解,發(fā)生故障”,B選項(xiàng)giveriseto表示“使發(fā)生,引起”,C選項(xiàng)initiates表示“啟動(dòng),開始”,D選項(xiàng)resume表示“重新開始,重新回到,重新占用”。由句意可知,我剛從“跨文化教育”課程中了解到,英國(guó)人很少與陌生人對(duì)話??杖碧巻卧~需與conversation構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ),表示“發(fā)起會(huì)話”,因此只有initiate最符合語(yǔ)境,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
12.單選題
Manyanimalshave()thathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Thecoatsofsomeanimalsarecoloredtoadapttoitssurroundings.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.adaptations
B.acquisitions
C.adjustments
D.additions
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。adaptation“適應(yīng)”;acquisition“獲得,收購(gòu)”;adjustment“調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié)”;addition“添加,增加”。that后面是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,用來(lái)修飾空格處的名詞,“幫助它們逃脫敵人”,由此可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意:很多動(dòng)物具有適應(yīng)性,能夠幫助它們逃脫敵人。有些動(dòng)物的皮毛能夠適應(yīng)周邊環(huán)境而變色。
13.單選題
Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatUSpublicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.
Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa’srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.
Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon’thavetheskillstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.
Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.
Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthatprivateones.Itwastheunder-performingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.
Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.
Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.
Alsoaroundthattime,regulationgovernmentandunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucraticstandardforadvancement.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,conflisingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucraciesregularlyrewritecurriculum,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevenmoreadministrators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducationsalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.
1.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica'spubliceducation?
2.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?
3.Whatwasthesignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?
4.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?
5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.
B.Publicschoolslacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.
C.Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.
D.Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschool'sneeds.
B.Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.
C.Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.
D.Trainingofstudents'basicskillsisneglected.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Well-behavedstudents
B.Talentedwomenteachers
C.Efficientadministration
D.Generouspayforteachers
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen’sliberation.
B.Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.
C.Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.
D.Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.
B.Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.
C.Students'improvedacademicperformance.
D.Anever-growingnumberofadministration
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“我們能夠從各種關(guān)于美國(guó)公共教育的研究中學(xué)到什么?”文中第一段最后一句話提到學(xué)生并未在能力考試中展現(xiàn)出學(xué)識(shí)有所增長(zhǎng)(Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests),這是為了說(shuō)明“教育沒(méi)有得到改善”,由此可看出能力測(cè)試一定程度上反映了教學(xué)質(zhì)量,因此選項(xiàng)A的表述是錯(cuò)誤的,排除;第四段提到了公立學(xué)校和私立學(xué)校之爭(zhēng),但未明確指出公立學(xué)校是因?yàn)橘Y源短缺而流失優(yōu)等生,因此選項(xiàng)B表述不正確,排除;第一段第二句提到美國(guó)公立學(xué)校教職工數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)速度約是學(xué)生的兩倍(staffandteachers...grow…twiceasfastasstudents),因此選項(xiàng)D表述錯(cuò)誤,排除。綜上,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“一些人是如何解釋公共教育的衰退的?”文章第四段提到一些人簡(jiǎn)單地將公共教育體系的衰退歸因于私立學(xué)校將高素質(zhì)的學(xué)生招走(Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork),由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“公立學(xué)校過(guò)去輝煌的原因是什么?”文章第六段提到公立學(xué)校表現(xiàn)出色的一個(gè)突出原因是許多高素質(zhì)的女性除了當(dāng)老師或護(hù)士之外,幾乎沒(méi)有其他工作,她們接受了相對(duì)較低的工資和艱苦的工作條件,并盡了最大的努力(Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest)。由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“
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