2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號68

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Whenproprietaryinformationisaconcern,rememberthatnondisclosureagreementsmaybeapartofone’sspecifications,andthatfirmsmaybeevaluatedbasedontheircompliance.Whilevitaltechnologiesandproductdevelopmentplansmustbeprotected,foreignsourcingpartnersmusthaveadequateinformationtoenablethemtoperformtospecifications.Iftheinformationissimplytoosensitivetoshare,thatmaybeanargumentformakingthe“make”decisionratherthan“buy”inconsideringoutsourcingattheoutset.

【答案】

當(dāng)涉及到專有信息時，請謹記：保密協(xié)議可作為個人規(guī)范的一部分，并可基于協(xié)議的遵守情況評估公司。盡管關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品研發(fā)計劃必須受到保護，但是國外的采購合作商也必須擁有足夠的信息才能按照規(guī)格操作。如果這些信息太敏感而無法共享，這可能說明，在開始考慮外包時，需做出“制造”而不是“購買”的決定。

2.翻譯題

世界需要和平，和平才能發(fā)展。中國要實現(xiàn)自己的發(fā)展目標，渴望有一個和平的國際環(huán)境。中國政府堅定不移地奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各國加強合作，共同促進人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)。尊重主權(quán)和互不干涉內(nèi)政是國與國之間發(fā)展關(guān)系的前提。一個國家喪失主權(quán)，人民就沒有尊嚴和地位。中國堅決捍衛(wèi)來之不易的國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，決不允許任何外來干涉。同時，中國堅持平等相待，尊重別國的主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，尊重各國人民自主選擇的社會制度。

【答案】

Theworldneedspeace,foronlywithpeacecantherebedevelopment.Chinaearnestlyhopestohaveapeacefulinternationalenvironmentinordertoachieveitsdevelopmentgoals.TheChinesegovernmentiscommittedtoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeaceandstandsreadytoworkwithothercountriestoadvancethenoblecauseofpeaceandprogressofmankind.

Respectforsovereigntyandnon-interferenceintheinternalaffairsofothercountriesistheprerequisiteforsoundstate-to-staterelations.Whenacountrylosessovereignty,itspeoplelosedignityandstatus.Chinaisfirminupholdingitshard-wonsovereigntyandterritorialintegrityandwillnevertolerateanyexternalinterference.Atthesametime,Chinatreatseachotherasequals,Chinaalsorespectsthesovereigntyandterritorialintegrityofothercountriesaswellastheindependentchoiceoftheirpeopleforsocialsystemsanddevelopmentpaths.

3.單選題

Theimageofthevolunteersontelevisionadvertisingprovides（

）intopeople’sattitudetowardvolunteering.

問題1選項

A.insights

B.foresight

C.revelations

D.specifications

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項insights“深刻見解”；B選項foresight“先見”；C選項revelation“啟示，揭露”；D選項specification“規(guī)格，說明書”。句意為：志愿者在電視廣告上的形象，體現(xiàn)了人們對志愿服務(wù)的態(tài)度。insightsinto“對……的深刻見解”符合題意，故答案選A。

4.單選題

Theofficialclaimedthatthegovernmenthadonlychangedthelawinorderto（

）America.

問題1選項

A.applaud

B.apprehend

C.appeal

D.appease

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項applaud“贊同，稱贊”；B選項apprehend“理解”；C選項appeal“將……上訴”；D選項appease“安撫，對……做出讓步”。由“thegovernmenthadonlychangedthelaw政府改變法律”，后面是inorderto表示目的的介詞短語，可知空格部分意思為“安撫，平息”，句意為：有官員稱政府改變法律僅僅是為了對美國做出讓步。選項D與之意思接近。

5.翻譯題

Currently,Chinaisinthemidstofachallengingtransition.Arapidlyagingpopulation,increasingdebt,anddecliningreturnsonfixedassetinvestmentplacenewburdensontheeconomy.Becauseofaging,thelaborforceisexpectedtopeakthisyearandbeginalongdeclinethatcouldreduceitssizeby16percentby2050.By2030,China’sdependencyratio—thepercentageofthepopulationthatisnotinthelaborforce(mostlytheelderlyandchildren)—willreach47percent.Thisisfarsooner,intermsofGDPpercapita,thanincountriessuchasJapanortheUnitedStates.

【答案】

目前，中國正處于一個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的轉(zhuǎn)型階段。人口老齡化的迅速增長、不斷增加的債務(wù)以及固定資產(chǎn)投資回報率的下降給經(jīng)濟帶來了新的負擔(dān)。由于人口老齡化，中國的勞動力總量預(yù)期今年達到最高峰，然后開始一個長期的減少，而到2050年中國的勞動力規(guī)?？赡軠p少16%。到2030年，中國的撫養(yǎng)比率——即不屬于勞動力的人口百分比（主要是老年人和兒童）將達到47%。而中國人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的減少會比日本或美國等國家出現(xiàn)得早很多。

6.單選題

These99pearlsandjewelsareworthalotofmoney,（

）andcollectively.

問題1選項

A.individually

B.independently

C.irrespectively

D.separately

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項individually“單獨的，單個的”；B選項independently“獨立的，自立的”；C選項irrespectively“無關(guān)地，不考慮地”；D選項separately“分別地；分離地”。填入一個意義與collectively“全體地”相反的副詞做狀語，individually“單獨的，單個的”最合適，句意為：這99顆珍珠和寶石，單個和加在一起，都值很多錢。故答案選A。

7.單選題

Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis（

）stated.

問題1選項

A.extravagantly

B.empirically

C.explicitly

D.exceptionally

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項extravagantly“揮霍無度地”；B選項empirically“以經(jīng)驗為主地”；C選項explicitly“明確地，明白地”；D選項exceptionally“例外地，特殊地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)aw法律”和“stated被表明，被解釋”，可知“明確地”符合題意，句意為：有關(guān)醉酒駕駛的法律規(guī)定得很清楚。故正確答案選C。

8.單選題

Thoughthe37-year-oldmanhadobserved300differentspottydogsforonly2hours,hecouldrecall（

）.

問題1選項

A.whatfeatureseachdoghad

B.whatfeatureshadeachdog

C.whathadfeatureseachdog

D.whatfeatureshadeachdoghad

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知缺賓語，四個選項中只有whatfeatureseachdoghad是個正確的從句，可以擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語，句意為：盡管這位37歲的男子對300只不同的斑點狗只觀察了兩個小時，但他能回憶起每只狗的特點。故答案選A，其他幾項語序有誤。

9.單選題

Dieting,accordingtoanoldjoke,maynotactuallymakeyoulivelonger,butitsurefeelsthatway.Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.Suchresultshaveinspiredthousandsofpeopletoputupwithconstanthungerinthehopeoflivinglonger,healthierlives.Theyhavealsoledtoasearchfordrugsthatmimictheeffectsofcalorierestrictionwithoutthepainofgoingonanactualdiet.

Amidthetrend,itiseasytoforgetthatnoonehasuntilnowshownthatcalorierestrictionworksinhumans.Thatomission,however,changedthismonth,withthepublicationoftheinitialresultsofthefirstsystematicinvestigationintothematter.Thisstudytook48menandwomenandassignedthemrandomlytoeitheracontrolgrouporacalorie—restrictionregime.Thoseinthesecondgroupwererequiredtocuttheircalorieintakeforsixmonthsto75%ofthatneededtomaintaintheirweight.

Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.

Atamolecularlevel,itsuggeststheseadvantagesarereal.Thoseonrestricteddietsshoweddropsinbodytemperatureandblood—insulinlevels—bothphenomenathathavebeenseeninlong—lived,calorie—restrictedanimals.TheyalsosufferedlessdamagetotheirDNA.

EricRavussin,ofLouisianaStateUniversity,saysthatsuchresultsprovidesupportforthetheorythatcalorierestrictionproducesametabolicadaptationoverandabovethatwhichwouldbeexpectedfromweightlossalone.Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation.

Thesearchforadrugthatwilldelayoldageisitselfasoldasthehills—asisthewishfulthinkingofthesuckerswhofinancesuchefforts.Thosewhohopetofinditbymimickingtheeffectofcalorierestrictionarenot,however,completesnake-oilsalesmen,forthereisknowntobeafamilyofenzymes,whichactbothassensorsofnutrientavailabilityandasregulatorsofmetabolicrate.Thesemightprovidethenecessarybiochemicallinkbetweenstarvingandlivinglonger.

1.Welearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Theword“l(fā)andmark”(Line1,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

3.Theresultsofpreviousresearchontheeffectsofcalorierestrictionareunconvincingbecause（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatpeople（

）.

5.Peoplemighttakeenzymesasasubstituteforcalorierestrictioninthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.peoplearecrazyaboutdietinginordertolosesomeweight

B.experimentalresultsshowthatdietingcanprolonganimals’life

C.inthestudy,twogroupsofpeoplewereaskedtogoonadiet

D.fewresultshavebeenworkedoutontheeffectsofcalorierestriction

問題2選項

A.aneventofmuchprofit

B.aneventofgreatexcitement

C.aneventofgreatsignificance

D.aneventofuniquefeatures

問題3選項

A.thesubjectsoftheresearchwereeitherofoverweightorslightlyunderweight

B.calorie-restrictedanimalsshoweddifferentphysicalsignsintheresearch

C.thedecreaseinbodytemperaturemayresultfromchangesofoutsidetemperature

D.peoplecannottellthebenefitsoflosingweightfromthoseofcalorierestriction

問題4選項

A.havebeenengagedinthestudyofthereplacementofcalorierestriction

B.havebeenlookingfordrugsthatcanprolonghumans’lifeforages

C.canexpectachangeintheirmetabolicratewhengoingonadiet

D.maybenefitfrommetabolicadaptationinthatitmayprotecttheirDNA

問題5選項

A.theyestablishachemicallinkbetweenstarvingandlivinglong

B.theycanprovidepeoplewithenoughnutrition

C.theyworkinasimilarwaythatcalorierestrictiondoes

D.theyarefavoredbypeoplewhofinancethedrugresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.盡管如此，自20世紀30年代以來，越來越多的證據(jù)表明，在老鼠、狗、魚和猴子身上實行卡路里限制——將動物的能量攝入降低到低于其能量消耗——可以延長壽命，并延緩衰老相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生?！笨芍跋嚓P(guān)的研究表明節(jié)食可以延長動物的壽命。所以選項B為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。定位到文章第三段“Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.這項研究是該領(lǐng)域歷史上的里程碑，因為它的研究對象要么體重正常，要么只是稍微超重?！眑andmark在這里是有“里程碑的事件”的意思，和C選項“具有重大意義的事件”意義相近。因此選項C正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段“Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.由于以往的研究對象都是臨床肥胖研究者，因此人們會把減肥對健康毋庸置疑的好處與限制卡路里攝入量對健康人群可能帶來的好處混淆在一起?！庇蛇@句話我們可以得知人們常常會把減肥的好處和限制卡路里的攝入混在一起，區(qū)分不清。這樣也就造成了之前的研究不是很確定。故正確答案選D。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段“Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation.然而，這種代謝適應(yīng)可能就是為什么限制熱量攝入與延長動物壽命有關(guān)的原因——這當(dāng)然也是在過去15年里一直在尋找除半饑餓之外觸發(fā)這種代謝適應(yīng)方法的人的希望?！苯Y(jié)合上下文推斷，這里主要是節(jié)食過程中，動物身上的新陳代謝發(fā)生變化。和選項C的意思基本相符。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Thosewhohopetofinditbymimickingtheeffectofcalorierestrictionarenot,however,completesnake-oilsalesmen,forthereisknowntobeafamilyofenzymes,whichactbothassensorsofnutrientavailabilityandasregulatorsofmetabolicrate.那些希望通過模擬限制卡路里的作用來研制藥物的人，他們并非完全只是些江湖郎中，因為已知有一組酶，它們既是營養(yǎng)可用性的傳感器，又是代謝率的調(diào)節(jié)者?！庇纱丝芍@里由于酶能夠抑制熱量的產(chǎn)生，它可能會作為一種替代熱量限制的作用的藥物來研發(fā)出來，作為延長人類壽命的藥。因此選項C正確。

10.翻譯題

假如預(yù)期實際油價的上漲幅度將超過替代資產(chǎn)的回報率，生產(chǎn)者會把石油留在地下不開采。因此決定當(dāng)前價格的，是預(yù)期的未來價格。最重要的推動因素是新興國家（尤其是中國）需求的預(yù)期增長情況，以及對替代能源供應(yīng)的擔(dān)憂。中國經(jīng)濟的迅速增長及其資源高度密集型的增長方式，是最重要的因素。

【答案】

Producerswillleaveoilinthegroundiftheriseinrealoilpricesisexpectedtobefasterthanthereturnonthealternativeassets.Whatdeterminesthecurrentpricethenistheexpectedfutureprice.Themostimportantstimulationshavebeentheprospectivegrowthinthedemandofemergingcountries,particularlyChina,andgloomaboutalternativesourcesofsupply.China’srapidandhighlyresource-intensivegrowthisthemostimportantfactor.

11.單選題

Hermanisveryadroitathandlingpeople.Heisa(an)（

）manwhoisabletoexpresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely.

問題1選項

A.dedicate

B.articulate

C.exasperate

D.formulate

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項dedicate“致力，獻身”；B選項articulate“善于表達的；口才好的”；C選項exasperate“激怒，惡化”；D選項formulate“規(guī)劃，制定”。A、C、D都為動詞，不可填入空格部分。根據(jù)后面關(guān)鍵詞“expresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely準確地表達自己的思想和愿望”，可知空格部分形容詞的意思應(yīng)該是“善表達的”，句意為：赫爾曼很善于與人打交道。他是個能言善辯的人，能把自己的想法準確表達出來。故正確答案選B。

12.單選題

Cultural（

）indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

問題1選項

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。本題考查詞義和詞形相近的單詞辨析。A選項translation“翻譯”，B選項transition“過渡、轉(zhuǎn)變”；C選項transmission“傳遞、傳播”；D選項transaction“交易、事務(wù)”。根據(jù)題干that引導(dǎo)的從句的意思“人類將自己的語言一代一代傳遞下去?！笨芍崭癫糠謫卧~意思為“傳播”，句意為：文化傳播表明人類將自己的語言一代一代傳遞下去。因此正確答案選C。

13.單選題

Hewasconstraininghismindnotto（

）fromthelecture.

問題1選項

A.wonder

B.wander

C.cruise

D.travel

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項wonder“想知道；驚訝”；B選項wander“不集中，走神”；C選項cruise“巡航，巡游；漫游”；D選項travel“旅行”。填入一個動詞構(gòu)成不定式做賓補說明hismind“他的思想”，由此可知wander“（因厭倦或焦慮而注意力）不集中，走神”符合題意，句意為：他在限制他的思想不要在課堂上分心。故答案選B。

14.單選題

Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people—mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany—werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.“I'llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgraveandintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGunterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000childrenwithhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”

ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidableandnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofWillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethattheyhavenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

1.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

2.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen（

）.

3.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecause

Germans（

）.

4.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.

B.Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.

C.Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.

D.Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.

問題2選項

A.thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

B.astrongicestormtiltedtheship

C.thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

D.thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

問題3選項

A.wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B.hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

C.wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

D.feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII

問題4選項

A.Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.

B.BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.

C.Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.

D.Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.

問題5選項

A.theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds

B.GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

C.theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedy

D.itiswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.這是航海史上最嚴重的悲劇，導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)比泰坦尼克號多6倍”?？芍x項B“造成的傷亡人數(shù)最多”為最佳答案。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.一場冰雹將船的甲板變成冰板，同時導(dǎo)致船傾斜往下沉，數(shù)百家庭滑入大海中”，由此可知icestorm冰雹并不是船傾斜的原因，只是加劇更多人落水的推動因素，題干中問的when，是指“當(dāng)”，可以對應(yīng)到文中的as后面的內(nèi)容。故正確答案選A。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到第三段第二句“Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.通過完全接受承認他們國家在二戰(zhàn)中犯下的滔天罪行，德國設(shè)法贏得其他國家的認可，在國內(nèi)邊緣化新的納粹分子，并且與領(lǐng)國和平相處”，由此可知選項D符合文章的意思。其他選項都是細節(jié)性的描述。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第二句“…itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastrophe”可知在第二段中君特?格蘭斯有關(guān)海難的小說作品中，描述了一位年輕的孕婦在海難中生還的過程。故正確答案選D。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethattheyhavenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.但即使政治立場最正確的德國人也相信他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有權(quán)利來討論整個歷史事件”，由這句話可知，德國人現(xiàn)在有權(quán)利討論歷史上的這次海難事件，而不用擔(dān)心因為自身在戰(zhàn)中的歷史而受到非議。所以德國人也不用擔(dān)心因此被人誤解。故正確答案選C。選項B和D是杜撰出來的表達。選項A根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“…ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.”這里的“price代價”指代句子前面“willfulforgetting有意的遺忘”，故不符合題干的意思。

15.單選題

WhenSarahandI（

）

onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

問題1選項

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項compile“編輯”；B選項gather“聚集、收集”；C選項collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”；D選項collect“收集、收藏”，從句中關(guān)鍵詞“worktogether一起工作”可聯(lián)系到collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”，句意為：當(dāng)莎拉和我為校報合作寫一篇文章時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一起工作是很困難的。故正確答案選C。

16.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（

）thelittlerainthatfelllastnight.

問題1選項

A.skipped

B.soaked

C.retrieved

D.absorbed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項skip“跳躍、遺漏”；B選項soak“浸濕”；C選項retrieve“檢索、恢復(fù)”；D選項absorb“吸收、承受”，由題干可推測地面快速“吸收”雨水，句意為：這么多星期沒有下雨，地面很快吸收了昨晚的少量雨水。故正確答案選D。

17.單選題

Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,（

）themselves.

問題1選項

A.expanding

B.stretching

C.prolonging

D.extending

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項expand“擴張，使膨脹”；B選項stretch“伸展，張開”；C選項prolong“延長，拖延（延長時間）”；D選項extend“延伸，擴大，推廣，伸出”。stretchoneself固定搭配的意思是“伸懶腰，伸展身體”，句意為：做完早上的工作后，職員們從桌子后面站起來，伸展伸展身體。故正確答案選B。

18.單選題

Weneedachairman（

）

.

問題1選項

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence

B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof

D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查的是定語從句的運用。haveconfidenceinsb/sth對某人或某事有信心。根據(jù)句子意思排除選項A、C和D。另外，空格部分填入的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞是充當(dāng)從句的賓語，所以用whom，句意為：我們需要一個人人都對他有信心的主席。所以選項B是正確答案。

19.單選題

Notonlytodaybutthroughouthistorythereasonsforforgettinghave（

）scientistsandphilosophers.

問題1選項

A.fascinated

B.frustrated

C.frightened

D.flattered

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項fascinate“使著迷”；B選項frustrate“使沮喪”；C選項frighten“使驚嚇”；D選項flatter“使高興，諂媚”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“thereasonsforforgetting遺忘的原因”和“scientistsandphilosophers科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家”，可知空格部分動詞意思應(yīng)該為“使……感興趣”，句意為：不僅在今天，而且在整個歷史中，遺忘的原因一直吸引著科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家。選項A正確。

20.單選題

GreatBritainusedtobecalledempireonwhichsunneversets.Butitsnavalforcewasalmost（

）duringtheattack.

問題1選項

A.annihilated

B.prohibited

C.diminished

D.empowered

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項annihilate“徹底消滅”；B選項prohibit“阻止，禁止”；C選項diminish“減少，縮小”；D選項empower“使自主；授權(quán)”。填入一個過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，But表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由關(guān)鍵信息navalforce“海軍力量”可知annihilate“徹底消滅”的過去分詞annihilated符合題意，句意為：英國曾經(jīng)被稱作日不落帝國。但它的海軍力量幾乎在進攻期間被徹底消滅。故答案選A。

21.單選題

Forhispoorjobachievements,hisbosscomplainedthathehadn’t（

）hisresponsibilities.

問題1選項

A.livedupto

B.putupwith

C.lookedforwardto

D.goneinfor

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項liveupto“不辜負，做到”；B選項putupwith“忍受，容忍”；C選項lookforwardto“期望，期待”；D選項goinfor“參加，從事，追求”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“poorjobachievements差勁的工作表現(xiàn)”和“responsibilities職責(zé)”，可知空格單詞意思為“做到，完成”，句意為：對他差勁的工作表現(xiàn)，他的老板抱怨說他沒有盡到職責(zé)。故和選項A意思接近。

22.單選題

Lookingatthephoto,itsuddenly（

）onhimthathehadmetthewantedmansomewhere.

問題1選項

A.dawned

B.occurred

C.happened

D.known

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項dawn“破曉；出現(xiàn)；被領(lǐng)悟”；B選項occur“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”；C選項happen“發(fā)生，碰巧”；D選項know“了解，熟悉”。dawnonsb“（事物）變得令人明白”；occurtosb“（主意或想法突然）浮現(xiàn)于腦中，被想起，被想到”，句意為：看著照片，他突然想到，他在哪個地方遇到過這個通緝犯。故正確答案選A。

23.單選題

Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewas（

）intropicalcountries.

問題1選項

A.prospective

B.prevalent

C.provocative

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項prospective“未來的、預(yù)期的”；B選項prevalent“流行的、普遍的”；C選項provocative“刺激的、挑撥的”；D選項perpetual“永久的、永遠的”，從句中關(guān)鍵詞“eyedisease眼疾，tropicalcountries熱帶國家”可聯(lián)系到prevalent“流行的、普遍的”。句意為：一些研究證實這種眼疾在熱帶國家很普遍。故正確答案選B。

24.單選題

Mr.Taylorfeltvery（

）atthesuggestionthathehadstolenthecar.

問題1選項

A.impatient

B.indigenous

C.intolerant

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項impatient“不耐煩的”；B選項indigenous“本土的”；C選項intolerant“狹隘的”；D選項indignant“憤怒的”；根據(jù)題干“有人說泰勒先生偷了那輛車”，可知泰勒先生會覺得indignant“憤怒的”。故正確答案選D。

25.單選題

Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctionalcarryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouse.

Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Inventoriesofcoloniallibrariesshowanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuilders,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.

Increasingwealthandgrowingsophisticationthroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stone,orbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.AnincreaseduseofbrickinhousedandoutbuildingsisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthatmostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,evenincloselypackedCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouse.

Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthesmallleadedglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblues,yellows,greens,andleadcolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforthechangeinarchitecturalstyleineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowasresponsiblefordesigninghousesineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

4.Thepassageimpliesthattherulesoutlinedinarchitecturalmanualswere（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheuseofwallpaperbefore1730?

問題1選項

A.Theimproveddesignofeighteenth-centurycolonialhouses.

B.Acomparisonofeighteenth-centuryhousesandmodernhouses.

C.Thedecorationsusedineighteenth-centuryhouses.

D.Theroleofcarpentersinbuildingeighteenth-centuryhouses.

問題2選項

A.Morearchitectsarrivedinthecolonies.

B.Thecolonistsdevelopedaninterestinclassicalarchitecture.

C.Bricksweremorereadilyavailable.

D.Thecolonistshadmoremoneytospendonhousing.

問題3選項

A.Professionalarchitects

B.Customers

C.Interiordecorators

D.Carpenters

問題4選項

A.generallyignored

B.legallybinding

C.notstrictlyadheredto

D.onlyfollowedbyolderbuilders

問題5選項

A.Wallpapersamplesappearedinthearchitecturalmanuals.

B.Wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaintsused.

C.Patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused.

D.Wallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouse.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位到文章第一段中第二句“Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.”這句轉(zhuǎn)折性的話語，提出了本文主要討論的問題是“18世紀殖民地房屋設(shè)計的改進”。故正確答案選A。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世紀發(fā)生變化，根據(jù)第一段最后一句提到“Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecoloniesbuiltfinehouses隨著財富的增加，越來越多的殖民者建造比較精美的房屋”，由此可知，因為殖民者的財富增加，他們可以花更多的錢在建筑房屋上面，所以建筑風(fēng)格發(fā)生了一定的變化。故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.由于建筑在殖民地還不是一項專門的職業(yè)，房屋設(shè)計或者由業(yè)余設(shè)計師來做，或者由那些承擔(dān)從英國進口的建筑手冊的翻譯任務(wù)的木匠來做?！庇纱丝芍?，18世紀的房屋設(shè)計主要由木匠來負責(zé)。選項D為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段最后一句話“Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.然而18世紀的70年代前大多數(shù)家庭建筑都展現(xiàn)了品味上廣泛的不同，以及這些書中的規(guī)則在運用上的自由?！边@里的“thesebooks”指的就是本段第一句中的“architecturalmanuals建筑手冊”，由此可知，這些建筑手冊上的記載的規(guī)則并沒有被嚴格遵守，而是自由地運用。故正確答案選C。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第四段最后一句“Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.大概在1730年后，殖民地報紙上開始出現(xiàn)風(fēng)景畫形式的壁紙風(fēng)格廣告”，由此推斷，在此之前，風(fēng)景畫式的壁紙還沒有廣泛使用。故正確答案選C。

26.單選題

Tosurviveintheintensemarketcompetition,wemust（

）thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.

問題1選項

A.improve

B.gear

C.guarantee

D.enhance

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項improve“提高，改善”；B選項gear“適合；配合”；C選項guarantee“保證，擔(dān)?！?；D選項enhance“加強，提高”。gea