2022年考研考博-考博英語-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號83

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.upon

B.in

C.about

D.down

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)setupon“襲擊；挑撥，唆使；開始”；B選項(xiàng)setin“開端；來臨；到來”；Csetabout選項(xiàng)“開始著手；考慮”；D選項(xiàng)setdown“放下；記下；登記；寫下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.

Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.

Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.

Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.

Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.

Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.

Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.

Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.

Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.

Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?（）

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is

（）.

3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto（）.

4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe（）.

5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acascadingfailure.

B.Anelectricalcontagion.

C.Asevereallergicreaction.

D.Anattackbyviruses.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.developanewsystemtocoordinateallplants

B.buildabettersystemtomakeeachplantmoresensitive

C.makeeachplantmoreindependentofotherplants

D.suspendpowerwhenthesystemisoverloaded

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.welcomedbyallenergycompanies

B.unattractivetoenergycompanies

C.uselesstopreventsuchablackout

D.harmfultonationalsecurity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.mustcauseacatastrophicdisruptionofthepowergrid

B.aregoingtobeperfectthroughrepeatedpractice

C.appeartoberealisticbutinfactarenotfeasible

D.areejectedtoimproveastimegoesby

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（這是一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，一個(gè)連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”和第二段“Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.（這次停電并不是由傳染性電疾病引起的；它是由網(wǎng)格對這種疾病威脅的免疫反應(yīng)引起的。換句話說，電網(wǎng)遭受了劇烈的過敏反應(yīng)，一種過敏性休克。）”由此可知這次停電是一次過敏反應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)“連鎖故障”；B選項(xiàng)“電傳染病”；D選項(xiàng)“病毒攻擊”說法都不正確，只有C選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的過敏反應(yīng)”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（大多數(shù)評論家沒有正面回答這個(gè)問題，而是用了一些常見的比喻：這是一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，一個(gè)連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”以及第二段作者說到“Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.（但這也不是一個(gè)正確的比喻。）”，由此可知作者并不認(rèn)同多數(shù)評論家的比喻。A選項(xiàng)“積極的”不正確；B選項(xiàng)“消極的”正確；C選項(xiàng)“中立的”以及D選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”都不是作者的態(tài)度，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.（現(xiàn)在需要的是一種更微妙、更協(xié)調(diào)的反應(yīng)模式。）”。A選項(xiàng)“開發(fā)一個(gè)新的系統(tǒng)來協(xié)調(diào)所有的發(fā)電廠”；C選項(xiàng)“讓每個(gè)發(fā)電廠獨(dú)立于其他電廠”和D選項(xiàng)“系統(tǒng)過載時(shí)暫停供電”都不符合題意，只有B選項(xiàng)“建立一個(gè)更好的系統(tǒng)，使每個(gè)發(fā)電廠更加靈敏”符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.（誠然，這樣一個(gè)分布式控制系統(tǒng)將花費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元，而且在這個(gè)放松管制的時(shí)代，能源公司將沒有什么動(dòng)力聯(lián)合起來建設(shè)它，尤其是當(dāng)最大的錢在發(fā)電上的時(shí)候。）”，由此可知該分布式控制系統(tǒng)并不受能源公司的歡迎。A選項(xiàng)“受到所有能源公司的歡迎”說法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“對能源公司沒有吸引力”說法正確；C選項(xiàng)“阻止這樣的停電是沒有用的”以及D選項(xiàng)“危害國家安全”文中均沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十段“Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.（也許前景黯淡，但卻是現(xiàn)實(shí)的。）”，由此可知雖然該措施看起來可行，但是前景黯淡。A選項(xiàng)“一定會(huì)對電網(wǎng)造成災(zāi)難性的破壞”；B選項(xiàng)“通過反復(fù)的練習(xí)會(huì)變得完美”；D選項(xiàng)“隨著時(shí)間的推移被逐出改善”都不符合題意，只有C選項(xiàng)“看似現(xiàn)實(shí)，實(shí)則不可行”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Momflippedher（）whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美國俚語，意為發(fā)怒，發(fā)火，失去控制，變得狂熱，大發(fā)脾氣。句意：媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)我懷孕后大發(fā)雷霆。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thewizenedoldmaninthehomefortheagedwasstillactiveandenergetic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tractable

B.textured

C.adept

D.shriveled

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tractable“易于管教的；易駕馭的；易處理的；馴良的”；B選項(xiàng)textured“起紋理的；質(zhì)地不平的；（藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、音樂等）有神韻的”；C選項(xiàng)adept“熟練的；擅長……的”；D選項(xiàng)shriveled“枯萎的”。句意：敬老院里那位干癟的老人依然精神抖擻。wizened“干癟的；枯萎的；消瘦的”。D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Attemptstoreconcilethesetwodecisionshaveexpanded,humaningenuityandexpendedunconscionableamountoftime,effortandpaper.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excessive

B.uncouth

C.gullible

D.ignoble

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excessive“過多的，極度的；過分的”；B選項(xiàng)uncouth“笨拙的；粗野的；不舒適的；陌生的”；C選項(xiàng)gullible“易受騙的；輕信的”；D選項(xiàng)ignoble“不光彩的；卑鄙的；卑賤的”。句意：調(diào)和這兩個(gè)決定的嘗試已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大，人類的聰明才智和花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間、努力和文件。unconscionable“過度的；不合理的；昧著良心的；肆無忌憚的”。A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Whatamazesmeishercompletedisregardforanyone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignorance

B.bias

C.focus

D.emphasis

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ignorance“無知，愚昧，不知，不懂，忽視”；B選項(xiàng)bias“偏見，偏愛，斜紋”；C選項(xiàng)focus“焦點(diǎn)，中心，清晰；焦距”；D選項(xiàng)emphasis“重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)語氣”。句意：使我吃驚的是她對任何人都漠不關(guān)心。Disregard“忽視，無視，不尊重”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞詞義最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Acourtlaterreducedthecordonto200metersfromthe（）fence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perimeter

B.parameter

C.diameter

D.circumference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perimeter“周長（可以指任何形狀的周長）；周界；視野計(jì)”；B選項(xiàng)parameter“參數(shù)；系數(shù)；參量”；C選項(xiàng)diameter“直徑；徑；通徑；外徑”；D選項(xiàng)circumference“圓周；周長（主要指圓或橢圓的周長）；胸圍”。句意：后來法庭決定將警戒線范圍縮小至距離圍欄200米處。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

ThefloweringteahasbeensellingbrisklyatupscaleretailerssuchasWholeFoodsMarket,jumpingfrom9%ofNumi’ssalesto26%duringthelastholidayseason.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.uplevel

B.uptick

C.upmarket

D.upbuilt

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)uplevel僅有uplevel形式，意為“高電平”；B選項(xiàng)uptick“（n.）小幅增加，微升；報(bào)升”；C選項(xiàng)upmarket“質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)高的；高級的；在高檔之列”；D選項(xiàng)upbuilt“（v.）建立，建造”。句意：鮮花茶在全食超市（WholeFoodsMarket）等高檔零售商的銷售一直很火爆，在上個(gè)假期期間，占Numi銷售額的比例從9%躍升至26%。upscale“高消費(fèi)階層的，高檔的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Don’tgetmixedupinany（）business.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.funny

B.misty

C.foggy

D.behind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)funny“有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的”；B選項(xiàng)misty“模糊的；有霧的”；C選項(xiàng)foggy“有霧的；模糊的，朦朧的”；D選項(xiàng)behind“在……的后面；朝……后面”。根據(jù)固定搭配funnybusiness“見不得人的活動(dòng)，不規(guī)矩的事，不道德的行為”可知該題選funny。句意：不要卷入任何不道德的行為中。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Whenthecrowdsawtheprize-fighterstretchedoutonthecanvas,shoutsandcheers（）fromit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeup

B.brokeforth

C.brokethrough

D.brokeupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)brokeup“分手；結(jié)束，打碎”；B選項(xiàng)breakforth“迸發(fā)；噴發(fā)；爆發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破；突圍；沖破；取得突破性成就”；D選項(xiàng)breakupon“顯露；突然出現(xiàn)”。句意：當(dāng)人們看見那位職業(yè)拳擊手四肢攤開躺在拳臺上時(shí)，場上爆發(fā)出歡呼聲和吶喊聲。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

SuchalarmsreflectedtheAlsop’stendencytocloaktheiranalysesinportentoustermsofdreadanddismay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ominous

B.foppish

C.gregarious

D.remunerative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ominous“預(yù)兆的；不吉利的”；B選項(xiàng)foppish“浮華的；矯飾的；有紈绔習(xí)氣的”；C選項(xiàng)gregarious“社交的；群居的”；D選項(xiàng)remunerative“有利可圖的；有報(bào)酬的；合算的”。句意：這樣的警告反映了阿爾索普家族傾向于用可怕的恐懼和沮喪來掩蓋他們的分析。portentous“不祥的；預(yù)兆的；令人驚訝的”。A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

ThepompandceremonywithwhichPresidentBarackObamawillhostIndia’sPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghataWhiteHouse-statedinneronTuesdaywon’talteraperceptioninIndiathatithaslostgroundtoChinainthenewAdministration’sAsiapolicy.ManyinNewDelhisawObama’sperformancelastweekinBeijingasacquiescenttowardanemboldenedBeijing,NewDelhi’slongtimeregionalrival.AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.

TheymayhavewincedathisblundersinIraqandelsewhere,butmanyIndianswelcomedPresidentBush’sembrace,whichstrengthenedtiesbetweentheworld’slargestdemocraciestoanunprecedenteddegreeafterdecadesofColdWarestrangement.SinghfacedoppositionathomefrompartiesskepticalofclosetieswiththeU.S.,butstakedhispoliticalreputationonthegrowingrelationship—hisgovernmentwasalmostdeposedbypartiesoftheleftprotestinganuclear—technologydealheconcludedwiththeBushAdministration.

“UnderBush,IndiawasbeingencouragedtobeanAsianpower,”saysBrahmaChellaney,professorofstrategicstudiesattheCentreforPolicyResearch,aNewDelhi-basedthinktank.ImplicitintheBushagendawastheideaofhelpingarisingIndiabecomeademocraticbulwarkagainstauthoritarianChina.“Now”saysChellaney,“Obamaseesthingsthroughadifferentprism.”

OneexampleofthechangehasbeentheObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative,aloosealliancebetweenWashingtonandthreeotherprominentdemocraciesintheregion—India,JapanandAustralia—thatstagedjointnavalexercisesin2008.Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.

IndiananalystsbelieveObama’sforeignpolicyteammostlythinksofIndiainthecontextofotherregionalchallenges,particularlythedeterioratingsituationinAfghanistanandPakistan.China,withitsboomingeconomyandpositionasAmerica’sprimarycreditor,nowcarriesfarmoreweightinU.S.calculations.“ThegroundrealityisIndiaatthemomentdoesnotcountfortheU.S.inthesamewaythatChinaandPakistando,”saysBahukutumbiRaman,aformertopIndianintelligenceofficialandheadoftheCentreforTopicalStudiesinChennai.

Partofthepriceforthatnewreality,manyinIndiabelieve,isadowngradingoftheirownconcerns.SinghwillbeintheU.S.ontheanniversaryoflastyear’sMumbaiterrorattacks,traditionaltiestoPakistan’smilitaryintelligenceorganization,theISI.ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.TheagendaforSingh’svisitincludestalksonboostingintelligenceandcounterterrorismefforts,butIndiaremainsunwillingtobroachKashmirwithPakistanuntilIslamabaddemonstratesacommitmenttocrackdownonjihadistgroupsinitsmidst.

MoretroublingfortheIndiansthantheObamaAdministration’sprioritizingofAfghanistanwasaparagraphinthejointstatementreleasedduringthePresidentsBeijingvisit:itwelcomedChineseinvolvementinSouthAsiaandspokeofBeijing’sabilityto“promotepeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinthatregion.”InNewDelhi,thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.Chellaneysawthestatementasa“returntoakindofColdWarthinkingwheretwogreatpowerscandictatetermstoalesserone.”China’slong-standingborderdisputeswithIndia,anditsbuildingupofthePakistanimilitary,makesmanyinNewDelhireluctanttowelcomeBeijingasabenignpresence.Indeed,somefearIndiaisbeingencircledbyChineselisteningpostsandbasesaroundtheIndianOcean.AndwhentensionsspikedlastmonthoverChinapressingitsclaimtoterritoryinsideIndia,theU.S.remainedsilent.India’sgovernmentinsiststhere’sroomenoughforbothIndiaandChinatopeacefullyemergeasworldpowers,andSinghhasmadenocomplaintsaboutthechangeinatmosphereinWashington.Hisvisit,heinsists,issimplyanopportunity“torenewthepartnership.”It’lllooktoformalizeelementsofthenucleardealpennedlastyear,whichgrantsIndiaaccesstoarangeoftechnologiesthatithadpreviouslybeenblockedfromacquiring.Measureswillalsobetakentoexpandtrade,promoteeducationallinksandboostcooperationonresearchintovaccines.Thetwosidesarealsoexpectedtosoundtherightnotesonclimatechangewithoutmakinganysubstantialcommitments.

Despitetheirconcernsaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherelationship,manyinIndiaareconfidentintheircountry’slong-termtieswiththeU.S.Morethan3-millionpeopleofIndianoriginnowliveintheU.S.,whileIndianscomprisethebiggestpoolofforeignstudentsinAmericanuniversities,andwealthyIndianprofessionalsarecreatinganincreasinglyeffectiveIndialobbyinWashington.“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow”saysRaman,“butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.”

1.HowdidtheIndiansperceiveObama’sAsianPolicy?

2.WhydoesObamachoosenottopursuethequadrilateralinitiative?

3.FortheIndiagovernment,whatwouldbethedownsideofObama’sAsianpolicy?

4.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentinterpretthejointstatementreleasedduringObama’svisitinBeijing?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheybelievedtheObamaAdministrationappreciatedthefactthatBeijingwasbecomingbolder.

B.TheybelievedIndialostitscentralplaceintheBushAdministrationandObamafurtherdiminisheditsrole.

C.TheythoughtObamawastryingtofurtherstraintherelationsbetweenChinaandIndia,thetwolongtimeregionalrivals.

D.TheywereworryingthatIndiawasslightedbytheObamaAdministration.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesChinashouldbeincludedinthealliance.

B.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesthejointnavalexercisesin2008posedathreatandthusirritatedChina.

C.BecauseinObama’sAsianpolicy,BeijingoutweighsIndia.

D.BecausetheObamaAdministrationdoesnottakeIndiaasaregionalpowerbutratheranelementinthepursuitofregionalpeace.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.IndiawilllosesupportfromtheU.S.inmanyissuesofitsmajorconcern.

B.Thelong-standingborderdisputesbetweenIndiaandChinawouldnotbesolvedinthenearfuture.

C.IndiawouldfacemoreproblemscrackingdownterrorismsupportedbyPakistan.

D.IndiawouldfeelpowerlessincontainingChina.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AColdWarwouldbreakoutbetweenIndiaandChina.

B.ChinawouldexertherinfluencetoSouthAsiancountries,includingIndia.

C.TheU.S.andChinawouldjointlycontainIndiawhichisanemergingpower.

D.PakistanwouldgetmoresupportfromChinaandtheU.S.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.SomeIndiananalystsareoptimisticabouttheIndian-USrelations.

B.LiketheBushAdministration,theObamaAdministrationtakesbothChinaandIndiaasrisingpowers.

C.TheObamaAdministrationprioritizesAfghanistanandPakistaninitsAsianpolicy.

D.Singh’svisitisto,amongothers,expandtrade,boostintelligenceandcounterterrorismeffortsandnegotiatewiththeObamaAdministrationaboutthefutureroleofIndiainAmericanAsianpolicy.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句話“AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.（他們還認(rèn)為，印度在奧巴馬白宮的經(jīng)濟(jì)和地緣政治計(jì)算中的作用正在減弱，至少與它在布什政府的亞洲政策中所享有的中心地位相比是如此。）”，由此可推斷出印度人擔(dān)心被美國輕視。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為奧巴馬政府意識到北京正在變得更加大膽”；B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為印度在布什政府中失去了中心地位，奧巴馬進(jìn)一步削弱了它的作用”；C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為奧巴馬是在試圖進(jìn)一步加劇中國和印度這兩個(gè)長期的地區(qū)競爭對手之間的關(guān)系”；D選項(xiàng)“他們擔(dān)心印度被奧巴馬政府輕視”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“theObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative（奧巴馬政府取消了所謂的四方倡議）”和“Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.（中國認(rèn)為這一舉措旨在建立一個(gè)安全集團(tuán)來遏制中國，為了改善與北京的關(guān)系，奧巴馬拒絕推行這一舉措。）”，由此可推斷出奧巴馬放棄四方倡議是因?yàn)榧づ酥袊選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府認(rèn)為，中國應(yīng)該加入該聯(lián)盟”；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府認(rèn)為2008年的聯(lián)合海軍演習(xí)對中國構(gòu)成了威脅，因此激怒了中國”；C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵趭W巴馬的亞洲政策中，北京比印度重要”；D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閵W巴馬政府不把印度當(dāng)作一個(gè)地區(qū)大國，而是在追求地區(qū)和平的一個(gè)因素”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.（但是，盡管奧巴馬和他的阿富汗特使理查德?霍爾布魯克敦促印度在克什米爾爭端問題上做出讓步，以幫助華盛頓說服巴基斯坦將更多資源集中在打擊塔利班上，在迫使巴基斯坦打擊以其領(lǐng)土為基地以印度為目標(biāo)的極端組織方面，幾乎沒有采取什么行動(dòng)。）”，由此可推斷出印度和巴基斯坦之間將面臨更多問題。A選項(xiàng)“印度將在其主要關(guān)注的許多問題上失去美國的支持”；B選項(xiàng)“印度和中國之間長期存在的邊界爭端不會(huì)在近期得到解決”；C選項(xiàng)“印度打擊巴基斯坦支持的恐怖主義將面臨更多問題”；D選項(xiàng)“印度將感到無力遏制中國”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.（這被解讀為美國接受中國將南亞和印度的鄰國視為自己勢力范圍的一部分。）”，由此可推斷出中國將會(huì)對南亞國家施加影響。A選項(xiàng)“印度和中國之間將爆發(fā)冷戰(zhàn)”；B選項(xiàng)“中國將對南亞國家施加影響，包括印度”；C選項(xiàng)“美國和中國將聯(lián)合遏制印度這個(gè)新興大國”；D選項(xiàng)“巴基斯坦將從中國和美國獲得更多支持”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow…butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.（印度現(xiàn)在可能不是最優(yōu)先考慮的國家……但沒有理由未來不會(huì)。）”，由此可知印度人對印美未來的關(guān)系仍持樂觀態(tài)度。因此A選項(xiàng)“一些印度分析人士對印美關(guān)系持樂觀態(tài)度”正確。B選項(xiàng)“和布什政府一樣，奧巴馬政府把中國和印度都視為正在崛起的大國”；C選項(xiàng)“奧巴馬政府在其亞洲政策中優(yōu)先考慮阿富汗和巴基斯坦”；D選項(xiàng)“辛格此行的目的包括擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易、加強(qiáng)情報(bào)工作和反恐努力，以及與奧巴馬政府就印度未來在美國亞洲政策中所扮演的角色進(jìn)行談判”說法都有誤，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the（）oferrorsismorelikelytobe（）thanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulation,permitted

B.correction,ignored

C.detection,useful

D.accumulation,agreeable

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞與形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)formulation，permitted“制訂，規(guī)劃；系統(tǒng)闡述；表達(dá)方式；制劑，配方”，“被允許的，可能的”；B選項(xiàng)correction，ignored“改正，修正”，“被忽視的；被忽略的”；C選項(xiàng)detection，useful“偵查，探測；發(fā)覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)；察覺”，“有用的，有益的；有幫助的”；D選項(xiàng)accumulation，agreeable“積聚，累積；堆積物”，“令人愉快的；適合的；和藹可親的”。句意：在科學(xué)研究中，報(bào)告支持的證據(jù)比不可信的假設(shè)更令人滿意，但事實(shí)上，錯(cuò)誤的積累比可能真理的建立更容易令人滿意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Nick’snewnovelprovesheisn’tjustaflashinthe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sky

B.pan

C.house

D.dark

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。aflashinthepan“曇花一現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝，多用來形容某事持續(xù)時(shí)間短”。句意：尼克的新小說證明他并不是曇花一現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

The（）inDavid’scharacterhashinderedhimfromadvancinginhiscareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.shortcoming

C.demerit

D.defect

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)weakness“指人性格、品行方面的弱點(diǎn)，或體制、組織、設(shè)計(jì)等方面的缺陷（強(qiáng)調(diào)弱點(diǎn)）”；B選項(xiàng)shortcoming“指某人或某事物所存在的不足或缺陷，通常用復(fù)數(shù)”；C選項(xiàng)demerit“是很正式的詞語，表示事物的缺點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)defect“指事物的缺點(diǎn)或人性格上的缺點(diǎn)，一般指較大的缺點(diǎn)、缺陷。”某某人的shortcoming是可以改的；但是某某人的weakness是需要那個(gè)人自己去克服；shortcoming只能用來指人的缺點(diǎn)；weakness可以用在人以外的東西上。句意：大衛(wèi)性格上的缺陷阻礙了他在事業(yè)上的發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

MikeDevine,chieffinancialofficerofNewYork-headquarteredCoach,whichmakesluxuryhandbags,saidataconferencerecentlyamovewasinthepipeline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthejobs

B.intheworks

C.inthejob

D.inthework

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A、C、D選項(xiàng)均表示“在工作中”；B選項(xiàng)intheworks“正在準(zhǔn)備階段；在進(jìn)行中或準(zhǔn)備中”。句意：總部位于紐約的奢侈品手袋制造商Coach的首席財(cái)務(wù)長邁克?迪瓦恩（MikeDevine）最近在一次會(huì)議上表示，正在醞釀一項(xiàng)舉措。inthepipeline“在運(yùn)輸中；在進(jìn)行中；在準(zhǔn)備中”。B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Yourattitudeshouldbethatofanemployeewho’stheretotalkaboutanewproject,ratherthanthemoreobsequiousattitudeofacandidatewho’shopingtogetanoffer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aggressive

B.servile

C.humble

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的，有進(jìn)取心的，有闖勁的”；B選項(xiàng)servile“奴隸的，奴性的，卑屈的”；C選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，簡陋的，（級別或地位）低下的，不大的”；D選項(xiàng)confident“自信的，確信的”。句意：你的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是作為一名正在談?wù)撔马?xiàng)目的員工，而不是一名希望得到工作機(jī)會(huì)的求職者的奉承態(tài)度。Obsequious“諂媚的，奉承的，順從的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Histrialisfixedfornextweek,buthehasbeenallowedouton（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.parole

B.leave

C.bail

D.perjury

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)onparole“被假釋；假釋”；B選項(xiàng)onleave“休假；在休假中；放假”；C選項(xiàng)onbail“保釋；保釋中”；D選項(xiàng)perjury“偽證；偽證罪；背信棄義”，沒有onperjury這個(gè)說法。bail與parole的區(qū)別：在歐美，被告如果沒有逃亡或串供之虞，法官常常裁定保釋，類似于我國的取保候?qū)彛患籴屖侵敢呀?jīng)在服刑的犯人，如果服完了最低刑期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，同時(shí)在獄中表現(xiàn)良好，經(jīng)假釋審查委員會(huì)評估通過，就可以提早出獄。句意：他的審判定在下周，但他已獲準(zhǔn)保釋。

19.單選題

Nakheel,apropertydeveloperownedbyDubaiWorld,metcreditorsaspartofitsattemptstorenegotiate$10.5billioninbankdebt.DubaiWorldspookedmarketsinNovemberafterannouncingastandstillondebtrepayments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intimidated

B.assailed

C.exude

D.imbibed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intimidated“威脅，恐嚇，脅迫”；B選項(xiàng)assail“攻擊；質(zhì)問；著手解決”；C選項(xiàng)exude“散發(fā)；流出；使?jié)B出”；D選項(xiàng)imbibe“吸收，接受；喝；吸入”。句意：迪拜世界（DubaiWorld）旗下的房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商棕櫚島集團(tuán)（Nakheel）與債權(quán)人會(huì)面，試圖就105億美元的銀行債務(wù)進(jìn)行重新談判。迪拜世界(DubaiWorld)去年11月宣布暫停償債后，令市場恐慌。spook“嚇；驚嚇；受驚；鬼怪般的出沒”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Wouldsuchadealfly?OnesourceclosetoHouseRepublicanstellsme:“Ithinkthey’dtakeit;they’reholdingnocardsatthemoment…Thecappingofdeductionswouldbeverymagnanimousandagoodwaytolaythegroundworkfornegotiatingrealtaxreform.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnificent

B.benevolent

C.prodigious

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)magnificent“高尚的，壯麗的，華麗的，宏偉的”；B選項(xiàng)benevolent“仁慈的，慈善的，親切的”；C選項(xiàng)prodigious“驚人的，異常的，奇妙的，巨大的”；D選項(xiàng)favoring“有幫助的”。句意：這樣的交易會(huì)成功嗎？一位親近眾議院共和黨人的消息人士告訴我：“我認(rèn)為他們會(huì)接受”，他說：“他們現(xiàn)在手頭沒有任何籌碼……對稅收減免設(shè)定上限將是非常寬宏大量的，這是為談判真正的稅收改革奠定基礎(chǔ)的好辦法?！盡agnanimous“寬宏大量的，有雅量的，寬大的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Itisfashionableinthesixtiesbutdefinitelypasseintheeighties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clivose

B.demode

C.abrim

D.xenial

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clivose“小山的，丘陵的”；B選項(xiàng)demode“陳舊的；老式的”；C選項(xiàng)abrim“充滿著的”；D選項(xiàng)xenial“主客關(guān)系的；款待的”。句意：那在六十年代是時(shí)髦的，但在八十年代肯定是過時(shí)了。passe“已過盛年的；過時(shí)的；凋謝的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

（）theirterms,wewouldgobankrupt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifweaccept

B.Ifweshouldaccept

C.Ifwehadaccepted

D.Ifwearetoaccept

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣常見的三種形式：與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句用“had+過去分詞”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+have+過去分詞”；與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，系動(dòng)詞用were，主句的謂語用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”；與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should（wereto）+動(dòng)詞原形”，主句用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。句意：假如我們接受他們的條件的話，我們就會(huì)破產(chǎn)。表示的是與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

ThisobservationflummoxedTerkel,aself-styledJewishfree-thinkerwhosaysheknowsnothingaboutGodbuteverythingabouthumannature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspired

B.surprised

C.bewildered

D.provoked

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspired“品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的，能力卓越的，借助于靈感創(chuàng)作的”；B選項(xiàng)surprised“感到驚訝的，出人意料的”；C選項(xiàng)bewildered“困惑的”；D選項(xiàng)provoked“被激怒的，受到挑釁的”。句意：這一發(fā)現(xiàn)讓特克爾感到困惑，他自稱是猶太自由思想家，聲稱自己對上帝一無所知，只知道有關(guān)人類本性的一切。Flummoxed“困惑的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞詞義最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Pricesforbikesatthatstorerun（）250dollars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ashighas

B.ashighto

C.sohighto

D.sohighas

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。ashighas/to都意為“高達(dá)”，但是后面明確接的是高達(dá)的數(shù)字時(shí)，用to。as雖然也是高達(dá)，但是用在兩者作為比較的時(shí)候用的，如Tomisashighashissister.句意：那家商店的自行車價(jià)格高達(dá)250美元。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plan“計(jì)劃，平面圖”；B選項(xiàng)judgment“判斷，裁判，判決書，辨別力”；C選項(xiàng)stamina“耐力，持久力，毅力”；D選項(xiàng)knowledge“知識，學(xué)問，知道，認(rèn)識，學(xué)科”。句意：這場危機(jī)將考驗(yàn)首相的勇氣。Mettle“勇氣，氣質(zhì)，耐力”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

GiladShalit,anIsraelisoldierheldformorethanfiveyear