2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)72

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thewaves（）violentlyagainsttheshore,peoplecouldn'thearthemcryingforhelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beating

B.hadbeaten

C.beat

D.werebeating

【答案】A

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。前后半句的主語(yǔ)不同，分別為thewaves和people，故本題考查的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，wave與beat之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，A項(xiàng)正確。句意：大浪激烈地拍打海岸，人們不能聽(tīng)到他們呼救的聲音。

2.填空題

Sheisaprettygirlandloves（）（fashion）clothesandshoes.

【答案】fashionable

【解析】放在名詞前，故用形容詞形式。

3.單選題

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveions（離子）intheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticle,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargeproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistral（寒冷的西北風(fēng)）areblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricity（靜電）indoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（惡心）orevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsofoundtobeaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes.Snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffortofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

33.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeopleofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterall,itisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismic（地震的）readingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexcessivepositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Accordingtothepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theyfeelratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.nearapondwithawaterpump

B.closetoslowflowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ionizers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuum-pump

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffective

B.theunusualbehaviorsofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographisreliable

D.earthquakescannotaffectanyanimals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（惡心）orevenmentaldisturbance.當(dāng)大量的正離子存在空氣中時(shí)，很多人經(jīng)歷不愉快的影響，如頭痛、疲勞、易怒、一些特別敏感的人遭受惡心,甚至精神障礙?？芍?dāng)空氣中存在大量正離子時(shí)，人們會(huì)變得很不舒服。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistralareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.這是在雷暴之前自然發(fā)生的，雷暴是指某些國(guó)家刮西北風(fēng)時(shí)發(fā)生的地震。也有可能是由于人造纖維制成的室內(nèi)地毯或衣物、電視機(jī)、復(fù)印機(jī)或電腦顯示屏產(chǎn)生的靜電積聚造成的?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“人造地毯上行走”正確。A項(xiàng)“家用電器”與文中提到的“電腦、電視機(jī)、復(fù)印機(jī)的顯示屏?xí)a(chǎn)生靜電”不符，并不是所有家用電器都會(huì)產(chǎn)生靜電。B項(xiàng)“naturalmaterials”與原文中的“man-madefibers”不符。D項(xiàng)“在電腦上拷貝電視節(jié)目”并沒(méi)有表明電腦在播放節(jié)目，原文提到只有顯示屏在播放節(jié)目時(shí)才會(huì)產(chǎn)生靜電，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.產(chǎn)生這些的自然條件是靠近大海，靠近噴泉的瀑布，或任何水被噴灑的地方，或形成一個(gè)水沫?！笨芍a(chǎn)生負(fù)離子，必須要有水快速流動(dòng)。故只有D項(xiàng)“通過(guò)旋轉(zhuǎn)器灑水的車(chē)輛”符合。

4.推理判斷題。Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeironsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.為了增加室內(nèi)負(fù)離子的供應(yīng)，一些科學(xué)家建議使用離子發(fā)生器:可以產(chǎn)生中性離子的小型便攜式機(jī)器。故A項(xiàng)“電離子器”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第二段“ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.這使得美國(guó)地理調(diào)查局(USGeographicalSurvey)資助了一個(gè)由志愿者組成的觀察動(dòng)物的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，以便這些災(zāi)難襲擊加州等脆弱地區(qū)之前，就預(yù)見(jiàn)它們?！笨芍茖W(xué)家相信觀察動(dòng)物的表現(xiàn)可以有效地預(yù)測(cè)地震。故A項(xiàng)正確。BCD三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文相反。

4.單選題

To（）forhisunpleasantexperienceshedrankalittlemorethanwasgoodforhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commence

B.compromise

C.compensate

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。commmence入手；compromise妥協(xié)，折中；compensate賠償；，彌補(bǔ)，抵消；compliment恭維，稱贊。由后半句他喝了過(guò)多的酒是來(lái)消除他不愉快的經(jīng)歷，借酒消愁。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Inthemodernsociety,peopleoftenfeelcomfortablephysicallybutsufferalot（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moderately

B.naturally

C.biologically

D.psychologically

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。moderately“適度地，有節(jié)制地”；naturally“自然地”；biologically“生物學(xué)上地”；psychologically“精神上地，心理上地”。句意：在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，人們經(jīng)常感覺(jué)生理上是舒服的，但卻遭遇心理上的問(wèn)題。由but可知其前后內(nèi)容性質(zhì)相反，前面提到生理，故空格處應(yīng)該填心理上地。

6.單選題

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax.asatellitefromthe

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite'scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshufflein1984.Max’sobservationsindicatethatthesolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.

Thesatellite'sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent，smallvariationsintheSun’senergyoutputgenerallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2.000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargegroups,in1980，forexample.SolarMax'sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timeslargerthantheEarth’ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed;however,bycomparingsolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“gas"and“dust”inline3?

3.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievevariationsinthesolarconstantarerelatedto（）.

4.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

5.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth’satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymagnifythesolarconstant.

B.Theyarefoundinvaryingconcentrations.

C.Scientificequipmentisminedbygasanddust

D.Theyinterferewithaccuratemeasurementofthesolarconstant.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sunspotactivity

B.unusualweatherpatterns

C.increasedlevelsofdust

D.fluctuationsintheEarth'stemperature

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax’sinstrumentwasgettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolar.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.150年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直試圖確定太陽(yáng)常數(shù)，即到達(dá)地球的太陽(yáng)能總量。然而，即使在地球上最無(wú)云的地區(qū)，太陽(yáng)常數(shù)也無(wú)法精確測(cè)量。”可知本文的主題是solarconstant太陽(yáng)常數(shù)，主要討論太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的測(cè)量問(wèn)題。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.而，即使在地球上最無(wú)云的地區(qū)，太陽(yáng)常數(shù)也無(wú)法精確測(cè)量。大氣中的氣體分子和塵埃顆粒吸收和散射陽(yáng)光，阻止某些波長(zhǎng)的光到達(dá)地面。所以作者提到氣體分子和塵埃顆粒是想說(shuō)明這兩者阻礙了對(duì)太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的精確測(cè)量。故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些波動(dòng)與太陽(yáng)黑子上大群太陽(yáng)黑子的出現(xiàn)和消失相吻合。太陽(yáng)黑子是太陽(yáng)表面上相對(duì)黑暗的區(qū)域，具有很強(qiáng)的磁場(chǎng)，溫度比太陽(yáng)表面的其他部分低2000華氏度。可知太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的波動(dòng)與太陽(yáng)黑子的活動(dòng)有關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段“AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.盡管太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極大期的數(shù)據(jù)顯示太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)緩慢而穩(wěn)定地減少。一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，隨著時(shí)間的推移，該衛(wèi)星的老化探測(cè)器可能變得不那么敏感，從而錯(cuò)誤地顯示出太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的下降。可知由于衛(wèi)星的老化有可能使得探測(cè)不敏感，所以科學(xué)家認(rèn)為太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)極大期的信息可能不準(zhǔn)確。故C項(xiàng)正確，

5.文章最后一段講了對(duì)于太陽(yáng)常數(shù)的研究已經(jīng)展開(kāi)，這是項(xiàng)復(fù)雜而艱巨的工程，需要持續(xù)不斷的研究和努力。故A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theymayoftenhaveto（）socialeveningsandholidaysbecauseoftheirbusywork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forgo

B.forfeit

C.abandon

D.forgive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。forgo“放棄；停止；斷念”；forfeit“（因犯罪、失職、違約等）喪失（權(quán)利、名譽(yù)、生命等）”；abandon“遺棄；放棄”；forgive“原諒”。句意：由于忙碌的工作他們不得不放棄社交晚宴和假期。由becauseoftheirbusywork可知他們放棄了社交晚宴和假期，故A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbymanyvariables,suchaslanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

（42）Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture---onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thebusinessmodelofPepsi（）.

3.Tothefirstschoolofthoughtinthebusinessworld,（）.

4.Theinformationinthispassageismeantforthose（）.

5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisimpossibleforinternationalmanagerstolearnaforeignculture.

B.Factualknowledgeofculturehastobelearnedkeenedthroughexperience.

C.Oneneedsbothfactualandinterpretativeknowledgeofcultureintheinternationalmarketplace.

D.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisthefirststeptodealwiththeculturalchallengeoftheinternationalmarketplace.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.offersabetterwaytodealwiththecomplicatedculturalchallenges

B.issimilartothatofMcDonald’s

C.doesnotbelieveinglobalization

D.hasovercomeculturaldifferencesinbusiness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.doingbusinessislikeanorgantransplant

B.differentpoliciesshouldbesetupindifferentcountries

C.businessisbusinesstheworldaround

D.peoplewhobelieveinthesecondschoolofthoughthavemyopia

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohavefriendsorrelativelivingabroad

C.whowanttotravelorstudyabroad

D.whowanttodobusinessinothercountries

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.followsimplerrulesintheirbusinessoperation

C.allhavethequalityofpatience

D.allhaveconnectionsoverseas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.為了適應(yīng)這一體系，一個(gè)國(guó)際經(jīng)理需要事實(shí)知識(shí)和解釋性知識(shí)?？芍狢項(xiàng)“在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)中，一個(gè)人既需要事實(shí)知識(shí)，也需要解釋性知識(shí)。”正確。A項(xiàng)“國(guó)際經(jīng)理不可能學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)文化”文中沒(méi)有提到；B項(xiàng)“文化中的事實(shí)知識(shí)需要從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲得”與“Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.在某種程度上，事實(shí)知識(shí)是可以學(xué)習(xí)的;它的解釋只來(lái)自于經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！辈环籇項(xiàng)文中未提到。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Pepsi定位到第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商業(yè)就是世界的商業(yè)，效仿百事和麥當(dāng)勞的模式。由此可知百事和麥當(dāng)勞的商業(yè)模式相似。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商業(yè)就是世界的商業(yè)，效仿百事和麥當(dāng)勞的模式?？芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

4.意圖題。文章開(kāi)篇就提到了在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上，國(guó)際經(jīng)理應(yīng)該具備的知識(shí)。最后一段也提及了成功的國(guó)際公司應(yīng)有的品質(zhì)及遵循的原則。所以本文信息主要對(duì)與其他國(guó)家做生意的人有用。故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.國(guó)際上成功的公司都有一個(gè)重要的品質(zhì):耐心?！惫蔆項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

六十整歲望七十如攀高山。不料七十歲居然過(guò)了。七十歲開(kāi)始可以諸事不做而拿退休金，不愁沒(méi)有一碗飯吃，自由自在，自得其樂(lè)。要看書(shū)可以隨便亂翻。金庸、梁羽生、克里斯蒂、松本淸張，從前哪能拜讀？現(xiàn)在可以了。隨看隨忘，便仍在一邊。無(wú)憂無(wú)慮，無(wú)人打擾，不必出門(mén)而自有天地。真是無(wú)限風(fēng)光在老年。

偶爾有人來(lái)，不論男女老少認(rèn)識(shí)不認(rèn)識(shí)，天南地北，天上地下，天文地理，談天說(shuō)地，百無(wú)禁忌。我的話匣子一開(kāi)，激光磁盤(pán)便響個(gè)不停，滔滔不絕。無(wú)奈我閑人忙，聽(tīng)眾逐漸稀少，終于門(mén)庭冷落，只剩下一屋子廣闊天地,任我獨(dú)往獨(dú)來(lái)，隨意揮灑。

【答案】AttheageofsixtyIlongedforalifespanofseventy,agoalasdifficultasasummittobereached.WhowouldexpectthatIhadreached?AttheageofseventyIbeganmyretirement,inwhichIcanrelyonmyold-agepensionforaliving,freefrommyburdenoftheboringroutinesIusedtobear,andleadalifecarefreeandcontended.AsforreadingIcan,now,chooseatmyownwilltothumbthroughanythingtowhileawaythetime.IcanfindtimetoreadanythingthatIdidn’tusedto,forinstance,suchtime-killersasthosecreatedbyJinYong,LiangYusheng,ChristieandSeichoMatsummoto.Idon’thavetokeeptheminmindandquitthemasIseefit.Therebeingnoworryanddisturbance,Ineednottravelfarinmyownworldsovast.Trueitisthatthemostsplendidviewmaybefoundinoldage!

OccasionallyIhadsomevisitors,maleorfemale,oldoryoung,acquaintedandunacquainted.Wecouldchatabouteverythinginthenorthorinthesouth,inthespaceoratthecore,relatedtotaboosforusatall.WheneverIbroketheiceIbegantopourmywords,inaflowofeloquence,ascontinuouslyasalaserdisc.Unfortunately,Iwasjoblesswhiletheyweresobusythattheyalmostmeltedawayuntilfewknockscameatthedoorandtheworldbecamevacantagain.NowIalonecanoccupyitandgomyownway.

10.翻譯題

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.1.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorldToday.ThemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan（twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries）areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.2.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.3.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseen,thewaysinsingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwayofdramaticchanges.4.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.

5.Ifyoucastvourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

【答案】1.在今天的西方世界，靠制造東西謀生的人的比例已經(jīng)大幅下降。美國(guó)、歐洲和日本的大多數(shù)工作（其中許多國(guó)家有三分之二或更多）都在服務(wù)業(yè)，而且這個(gè)數(shù)字還在上升。

2.但是，經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的廣度不能僅用數(shù)字來(lái)衡量，因?yàn)樗舱诖呱环N思考工作本質(zhì)的基本新方式。人們長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)對(duì)工作和職業(yè)的觀念、成功所需的技能，甚至個(gè)人與雇主之間的關(guān)系都在受到挑戰(zhàn)。

3.20年前，沒(méi)有人能夠預(yù)見(jiàn)到，由于芯片在個(gè)人電腦、數(shù)字通信和工廠機(jī)器人上的應(yīng)用，單憑芯片這一發(fā)明就能改變我們的世界。

4.有一件事是肯定的:信息和知識(shí)將變得更加重要，擁有信息和知識(shí)的人，無(wú)論是在制造業(yè)還是服務(wù)業(yè)工作，都將擁有優(yōu)勢(shì)并創(chuàng)造財(cái)富。計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí)將成為與讀寫(xiě)能力一樣的基本要求。

5.如果你預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)10年的發(fā)展，信息服務(wù)業(yè)將占支配地位。它將是你工作的方式。

11.單選題

Asmyfriend（）herebefore,Ihadtomeethimattherailwaystation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadneverbeen

B.hasneverbeen

C.hadbeennever

D.neverwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由后半句hadto可知該句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在meet之前，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，排除BD項(xiàng)。never一般放于hadbeen之間，故A項(xiàng)正確。句意：因?yàn)槲业呐笥阎皬奈磥?lái)過(guò)這里，我不得不去火車(chē)站接他。

12.單選題

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynursery,wasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe（1）halfofthe19thcentury;mostof（2）werecharitable.ButinEuropeandintheU.S.,thedaynurserymovementreceivedgreat（3）duringtheFirstWorldWar,when（4）ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished（5）inmunitionsplants:underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.（6）thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose（7）thisrise,wasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,（8）,federal,State,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol（9）thedaynurseries,chieflyby（10）themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.

The（11）oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere（12）calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis（13）theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,（14）$6.000,000inJuly,1942,foranurseryschoolprogramforthechildrenofworking.AlotStatesandlocalcommunities（15）thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar.inAugust,1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared（16）indaycarecentersreceivingFederal（17）.Soonafterward,theFederalgovernment（18）cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater（19）them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir（20）attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.late

B.latter

C.other

D.first

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.those

B.them

C.whose

D.imitation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.imitation

B.input

C.impetus

D.initiative

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.sources

B.abundance

C.shortage

D.reduction

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hardly

B.entirely

C.only

D.even

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Because

B.As

C.Although

D.Since

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.unanimously

B.sharply

C.Predominantly

D.militantly

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.consequently

C.however

D.moreover

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.in

C.at

D.about

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.formulating

B.labeling

C.patenting

D.licensing

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.outset

B.outbreak

C.breakthrough

D.breakdown

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.again

B.thus

C.repeatedly

D.Yet

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Circumstance

B.occasion

C.case

D.situation

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.regulating

B.summoning

C.allocating

D.transferring

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.expanded

B.facilitated

C.compensated

D.supplemented

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.after

C.of

D.for

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.pensions

B.subsidies

C.revenues

D.budgets

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.prevalently

B.furiously

C.statistically

D.drastically

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.abolished

B.diminished

C.jeopardized

D.precluded

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.nurseries

B.homes

C.jobs

D.children

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:D

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】第1題:1.考查形容詞辨析。由上文可知，美國(guó)第一家日托所建于1854年，日托所在各地普遍建立應(yīng)該是在19世紀(jì)后半期。thelatterhalf為后半期。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.mostof后面接人稱代詞。句意：大多數(shù)幼兒園都是慈善性質(zhì)的。

3.考查名詞辨析。imitation模仿；input輸入；initiative主動(dòng)權(quán)；impetus推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，動(dòng)力；句意：日托所在一戰(zhàn)期間受到了很大的推動(dòng)。

4.考查名詞辨析。sources來(lái)源;abundance豐富，充裕;shortage短缺;reduction減少。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)勞動(dòng)力短缺使得大量的女性被雇傭。由下文的industrialemployment…可知是由于勞動(dòng)力短缺，故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查副詞辨析。句意：在政府直接倡導(dǎo)下，歐洲一些國(guó)家建立了日托所，甚至在軍火工廠里也建了日托所。軍火工廠相對(duì)國(guó)家的其他地方來(lái)說(shuō)，層次加深了，故用even.

6.考查邏輯連詞。由下文thisrise,wasaccomplished…可知前后句是讓步關(guān)系，故用although。

7.考查副詞辨析。unanimously全體一致地，無(wú)異議地;sharply急劇地；predominantly主要地，支配其他地；militarily在軍事上。只有sharply能修飾動(dòng)詞rose。句意：盡管美國(guó)托兒所數(shù)目急劇增長(zhǎng)，但并未得到政府的任何資助。

8.考查邏輯連詞。前一句提到美國(guó)的一些托兒所沒(méi)有政府資助，該空后面的句子又提到聯(lián)邦政府以及當(dāng)?shù)卣_(kāi)始逐漸對(duì)托兒所進(jìn)行控制，前面兩種是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。

9.考查固定搭配。controlover控制，支配。

10.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。formulate規(guī)范;label貼標(biāo)簽于，分類；patent取得專利權(quán);license許可，特許。由后半句的inspect和regulate可知聯(lián)邦政府對(duì)托兒所進(jìn)行規(guī)范化管理。句意：然而在一戰(zhàn)后的幾年中，聯(lián)邦政府和地方政府開(kāi)始采取措施來(lái)控制托兒所，主耍通過(guò)檢查和規(guī)范化化來(lái)管理控制托兒所。故A項(xiàng)正確。

11.考查名詞辨析。outset開(kāi)端，開(kāi)始:outbreak爆發(fā)；breakthrough突破：breakdown崩潰，故障。此句句意為二戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

12.考查邏輯關(guān)系。在上一段中提到了一戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)時(shí)，由于勞動(dòng)力短缺，大量雇傭女性。二戰(zhàn)中女性又被號(hào)召去替補(bǔ)工廠里的男性。所以要填again.

13.考查名詞辨析。circumstance環(huán)境，狀況；occasion時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)；case情況；situation情形；ontheoccasion在那時(shí)，能與介詞on搭配的只有B項(xiàng)。

14.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。regulate規(guī)定，調(diào)節(jié)；summon召集、召喚；allocate分配;transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)移。由上句可知美國(guó)政府大力支持托兒所，又由空格后的數(shù)字可推知此句表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)為美國(guó)政府分配了600萬(wàn)美元用于托兒所的發(fā)展。故C項(xiàng)正確。

15.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。expanded膨脹、擴(kuò)充；facilitated使容易、使便利；compensated補(bǔ)償、償還；supplemented補(bǔ)充,補(bǔ)全。句意：許多州和地方團(tuán)體對(duì)聯(lián)邦政府資助進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。

16.考查詞組辨析。carefor關(guān)系，照顧。

17.考查名詞辨析。pensions養(yǎng)老金，退休金；subsidies補(bǔ)助金，津貼；revenues國(guó)家的收入，稅收；budgets預(yù)算。句意：一百多萬(wàn)兒童在接受聯(lián)邦津貼的日托中心里受到照顧。

18.考查副詞辨析。prevalently普遍地，流行地；furiously狂暴地，猛烈地;statistically統(tǒng)計(jì)上地;drastically激烈地，徹底地。由后文的asharpdrop可知此空應(yīng)填drastically，由于大量削減用于日托所的開(kāi)支，導(dǎo)致了托兒所的劇減。故D項(xiàng)正確。

19.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。abolish廢除;diminish使減少，變小;jeopard危害，危及；precluded排除。前句提到托兒所大幅度減少支出，后來(lái)應(yīng)該是廢除了，所以才導(dǎo)致運(yùn)營(yíng)中的日托所大幅減少。故A項(xiàng)正確。

20.考查名詞辨析。上文提到了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)時(shí)大多數(shù)女性被工廠雇傭來(lái)替代男性的工作，在戰(zhàn)后可推知很多男性回到了工廠，自然不需要這么多女性來(lái)替代他們的工作，所以很多被雇傭的母親離開(kāi)他們的工作這一愿望得到了實(shí)現(xiàn)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

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13.單選題

Topartiallyovercometheproblemoffundsandtospeedthe（）ofWesterntechnology,Hungarysolda30%stakeinitsnationalphonecompanytotwoWesterncompanies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.auction

B.harmony

C.sacrifice

D.import

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。auction“拍賣(mài)，競(jìng)賣(mài)”；harmony“和睦”；sacrifice“犧牲，獻(xiàn)祭”；import“進(jìn)口”；句意：為了部分解決資金問(wèn)題和加速西方技術(shù)的引進(jìn)，匈牙利將其國(guó)家電話公司30%的股份出售給了兩家西方公司。匈牙利通過(guò)售賣(mài)國(guó)家電話公司的股份來(lái)獲得資金以此來(lái)引進(jìn)西方技術(shù)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'magoodeconomicindicator,"shesays."Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus."Idon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too"shesays.

EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscoiningatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay.holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospect,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.

Consumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homeprices