2022年考研考博-考博英語-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號41

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-南京師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thereisa（）differenceinmeaningbetweenthewordssurroundingsandenvironment.

問題1選項

A.gentle

B.subtle

C.feeble

D.humble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。gentle溫和的，文雅的；subtle微妙的，精細的；feeble微弱的，無力的；humble謙遜的，簡陋的。語境與話語環(huán)境之間有細微的區(qū)別。能與difference搭配的只有B項。故B項正確。

2.單選題

Everyminuteofeveryday,whatecologistJamesCarltoncallsaglobal“conveyorBelt”redistributesoceanorganism.It’saplanetwidebiologicaldisruptionthatscientistshavebarelybeguntounderstand.

Dr.Canton—anoceanographer（海洋研究者）atWilliamstown.Mass.-explainsthat,atanygivenmoment,“thereareseveralthousand[marine]species[traveling]…intheballastwater（船舶壓載水）ofships.”Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.Thisisthelargerdimensionoftheinfamousinvasionoffish-destroying,pipe-cloggingzebramussels（斑馬貝）.

Suchvoraciousinvadersatleastmaketheirpresenceknown.WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.Manyofthemprobablyjustdieout.Somebenignly―orevenbeneficially—jointhelocalscene.Butsomewillmaketrouble.

Inonesense,thisisanoldstory.Organismshaveriddenshipsforcenturies.Theyhaveclungtohullsandcomealongwithcargo.What’snewisthescaleandspeedofthemigrationsmadepossiblebythemassivevolumeofship-ballastwater—takenintoprovideshipstability—continuouslymovingaroundtheworld....

Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway.Asingleloadcanruntohundredsofthousandsofgallon.Somelargershipstakeonasmuchas40milliongallons.Thecreaturesthatcomealongtendtobeintheirlarva（幼體）freefloatingstage.Whendischargedinalienwaterstheycanmatureintocrabs,jellyfish,slugs,andmanyotherforms.

Sincetheprobleminvolvescoastalspecies,simplybanningballastdumpsincoastalwaterswould,intheory,solveit.Coastalorganismsinballastwaterthatisflushedintomid-oceanwouldnotsurvive.SuchabanhasworkedfortheNorthAmericanInlandWaterway.Butitwouldbehardtoenforceitworldwide.Heatingballastwaterorstrainingitshouldalsohaltthespeciesspread.Butbeforeanysuchworldwideregulationswereimposed,scientistswouldneedaclearerviewofwhatisgoingon.

Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.ItcanhavedevastatingeffectsasinthecaseoftheAmericancombjellyfishthatrecentlyinvadedtheBlackSea.Ithasdestroyedthatsea'sanchovyfisherybyeatinganchovyeggs,itmaysoonspreadtowesternandnorthernEuropeanwaters.

Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.

1.AccordingtoDr.Carlton,oceanorganismsare（）.

2.Oceanorganizersareconcernedbecause（）.

3.AccordingtoMarineecologists,transplantedmarinespecies（）.

4.Theidentifiedcauseoftheproblemis（）.

5.Thearticlesuggeststhatasolutiontotheproblem（）.

問題1選項

A.beingmovedtonewenvironments

B.destroyingtheplanet

C.succumbingtothezebramussel

D.developingaliencharacteristics

問題2選項

A.theirknowledgeofthisphenomenonislimited

B.theybelievetheoceansaredying

C.theyfearaninvasionfromouter-space

D.theyhaveidentifiedthousandsofalienwebs

問題3選項

A.mayupsettheecosystemsofcoastalwaters

B.areallcompatiblewithoneanother

C.canonlysurviveintheirhomewaters

D.sometimesdisruptshippingtimes

問題4選項

A.therapiditywithwhichlarvaemature

B.acommonpracticeoftheshippingindustry

C.acenturiesoldspecies

D.theworldwidemovementofoceancurrents

問題5選項

A.isunlikelytobeidentified

B.mustprecedefurtherresearch

C.ishypotheticallyeasy

D.willlimitglobalshipping

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Dr.Carlton定位到第二段Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.這些生物從適合當?shù)厣W(wǎng)的沿海水域遷移到一些可能會將網(wǎng)絡(luò)撕裂的地方?？芍@些海洋生物從沿海水域被轉(zhuǎn)移到了其他地方。故A項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第三段“WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.坎頓和其他海洋生態(tài)學(xué)家擔心的是，他們對每天悄悄進入世界各地沿海水域的數(shù)百只外來入侵者缺乏了解?！笨芍Ｑ髮W(xué)家擔心的是他們對外來入侵者不了解。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.Itcanhavedevastatingeffects…不斷移動的海洋生物已經(jīng)在全球范圍內(nèi)改變了海洋生物。它會產(chǎn)生毀滅性的影響…可知外來海洋生物的入侵會擾亂水域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，造成嚴重影響。故A項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第五段“Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway船舶將壓艙水及其居民裝載在一個港口的沿海水域，并將壓艙水傾倒在數(shù)千公里以外的另一個港口?！笨芍斐赏鈦砗Ｑ笊锶肭值脑蚴谴盀榱吮３制胶庖词执罅康膲号撍?，到另一個港口后，要將這些壓艙水倒出來，所以船舶的運輸為海洋生物入侵提供了機會，B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.那些創(chuàng)造了生物“傳送帶”的海洋國家應(yīng)該協(xié)調(diào)國際力量，小心翼翼地弄清楚正在發(fā)生的事情以及應(yīng)該做些什么?？芍狟項“必須進行進一步的研究”正確。

3.單選題

Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.Fewfirmstrytomeasurereturnsontheseassets,letalonepublishinformationonthem.Yettheyareoftenwhatunderliesafirm'ssuccess.“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.”

Asignthatcompaniesdonotmeasuretheirassetsproperlymaybethegrowinggapbetweentheirstock-marketvalueandthebookvalueoftheirassets.Between1973and1993,themedianratioofmarketvaluestobookvaluesofAmericanpubliccompaniesdoubles;thedifferencehasgrownwithaboominhigh-techshares.Thegapisbiggestforcompaniesthathavemostrapidlyboostedspendingonresearchanddevelopment（R&D）.Evenwithinindustries,thedivergence（分歧）betweenstock-marketreturnsandreportedearningshasincreased.

Youmightthinkthiswouldpresentaproblemforinvestors,whonolongerhaveagoodwayoftellingwhetherthemarketvalueofacompanyissoundlybased.Yetinvestorsseemtoknowinstinctivelythatknowledgeisvaluable.35.AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.

Infact,theabsenceofgoodmeasuresmaybotherthosewhorunfirmsmorethanthosewhoinvestinthem.Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.

1.Theintangiblesofacompanyarereflectedin（）.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutMicrosoft?

3.WhydoesthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsrise?

4.Aninvestorwhobuysstocksofacompanyinknowledge-basedbusinessesbaseshisecisionon（）.

5.Thephrase“suchdecisionsn（Para.4）refersto（）.

問題1選項

A.physicalandfinancialassets

B.stock-marketvalue

C.thebalancesheet

D.thedifferencebetweenthestock-marketvalueandthebookvalue

問題2選項

A.Ithasnobook-valueassets.

B.Itsstock-marketvalueequalsitsbookvalue.

C.There’sagreatgapbetweenitsstock-marketvalueandbookvalue.

D.Itsstock-marketvaluedoesnotreflectthecompany’srealvalue

問題3選項

A.Becausetheybuyforeignsubsidiaries

B.Becausetheyinvestmuchinintangibleassets.

C.BecausetheyhavelowR&Dspending

D.Becausetheinvestorsknowthemethodsforcalculatingthepaybackofknowledge-basedbusinesses

問題4選項

A.purespeculation（投機）

B.thecompany’sbookvalue

C.whetherthecompanybuysforeignsubsidiaries

D.theprospectthatitsresearchwilltranslateintolowcostproducts

問題5選項

A.unningfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

B.nvestinginfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

C.udgingratesofreturnonfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

D.alculatingreturnsonanewly-builtfactory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.企業(yè)的價值越來越不在于資產(chǎn)負債表上的有形資產(chǎn)和金融資產(chǎn)，而在于無形資產(chǎn)：品牌、專利、特許經(jīng)營權(quán)、軟件、研究項目、創(chuàng)意和專業(yè)技能?？芍狝BC三項都不對。故D項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.我們的主要資產(chǎn)，也就是我們的軟件和軟件開發(fā)技能，根本沒有出現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)負債表上?！皬募兇獾臅嫿嵌葋砜?，這可能不是很有啟發(fā)性。”可知D項“其股票市值并不能反映公司的實際價值”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在研發(fā)上投入巨資的美國跨國公司在收購?fù)鈬庸緯r，其股價會上漲，但當研發(fā)支出較低的跨國公司在海外收購時，其股價會下跌?？芍鐕驹谑召徍Ｍ庾庸緯r，股價的升降取決于該公司在研發(fā)方面的投入力度，也就是對無形資產(chǎn)的投入力度。故B項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段“Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.想必投資者明白，在以知識為基礎(chǔ)的企業(yè)中，企業(yè)可以利用不斷增長的回報來擴大規(guī)模。一旦開發(fā)出一種藥丸或一個軟件程序，每一筆額外銷售都能以很少的額外成本帶來更多的收入：市場越大，利潤就越大。”可知D項“其研究成果轉(zhuǎn)化為低成本產(chǎn)品的前景”正確。

5.詞義題。聯(lián)系上下文“Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.對于經(jīng)理來說，最大的問題是如何判斷回報率。建造一個工廠，有計算回報的歷史悠久的方法。但如果你投資于研發(fā)或軟件，或者決定是雇傭更好的人或者培訓(xùn)更多的人呢?沒有工具來做這樣的決定?？芍猻uchdecisions指代在知識型企業(yè)如何判斷回報率的問題。故C項正確。

4.翻譯題

Themediahelpdemocracywhentheyprovidemorechoicestomorepeople,buttheydonofavorstodemocracywhentheyturnthemselvesfrombeacons（信號站）oflightintoheat-seekingmissiles.Forexample,thepresident’s1995StateoftheUnionaddresstookmorethananhour,whichapparentlywasaboutahalfhourmorethanthepatienceofmostnetworkcommentators（commentator:personwhocomments）couldtolerate.Intheirinstantanalysisafterthespeech,theyallcriticizeditslengthand“l(fā)ackoffocus’’.Yetjudgingbypollsandtalkshowsthenextday,mostAmericansappearedtoappreciatethecontentofthepresident’sspeech.Todaythemediainvestigatelessandpreachmore……

【答案】當媒體為更多的人提供更多的選擇時，媒體有助于民主政治，而當媒體由燈光信號站轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊釋?dǎo)導(dǎo)彈時，媒體將不利于民主政治。比如，總統(tǒng)發(fā)表的1995年國情咨文報告花了一個多小時，這顯然超出了大多數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)評論家（評論員：發(fā)表評論的人）所能承受的大約半小時的容忍度。演說結(jié)束后，網(wǎng)絡(luò)評論家即時對演說做出分析，批判演說的長度而且“缺乏重點”。然而，從第二天的民意調(diào)查結(jié)果和現(xiàn)場訪談來看，大多數(shù)美國人似乎很欣賞總統(tǒng)演講的內(nèi)容。當今媒體調(diào)查少，宣傳多.......

5.單選題

Freemedicalserviceis（）tonearlyallthecollegestudentsinChina.

問題1選項

A.favorite

B.available

C.convenient

D.average

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。favorite“最喜愛的”；available“可獲得的”；convenient“方便的”；average“普通的，平均的”。句意：所有中國大學(xué)生都（）免費醫(yī)療服務(wù)。只有B項符合句意，beavailableto可得到…的，大學(xué)生能得到免費醫(yī)療服務(wù)。答案B

6.單選題

Weallknowthatpeoplewhocannot（）betweencolorsaresaidtobecolor-blind.

問題1選項

A.distinct

B.distinction

C.distinguish

D.distinctive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。distinct“明顯的；獨特的”；distinction“區(qū)別；差別?’；distinguish“區(qū)分；辨別”；distinctive“有特色的；與眾不同的”。whocannot后面需要接動詞，故C項正確。句意：我們大家都知道不能辨別顏色的人就是色盲。

7.單選題

There（）milkleftintherefrigerator.

問題1選項

A.aren’tany

B.aren’tsome

C.isn’tany

D.isn'tsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。milk為不可數(shù)名詞，any用于否定句。故C項正確。句意：冰箱里沒有牛奶了。

8.單選題

Itismoreimportantto（）thewayforchildren’sdesiretoknowthantoputthemonadiet（）offactstheyarenotreadytoassimilate.

問題1選項

A.tackle

B.submit

C.shield

D.pave

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。tackle“應(yīng)付，處理”；submit“使服從，主張”；shield“遮蔽，包庇”；pave“鋪砌，鋪路”。pavethewayfor…為…做好準備，為…鋪平道路。句意：對于孩子們來說，更重要的為他們想要了解的東西鋪平道路，而不是讓他們?nèi)ソ邮苣切┧麄冞€沒有準備好去吸收的事實。

9.單選題

Thepresident’scompassionfortheneighboringrefugeescausedhimtoadmitaverylargenumberofthemintohiscountry.

問題1選項

A.friendship

B.pity

C.respect

D.hostility

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。由后半句的結(jié)果“許多鄰國難民都來到這個國家”可推知前面的原因應(yīng)該是總統(tǒng)對鄰國難民的同情。compassion同情，憐憫；friendship友誼；pity憐憫，同情；respect尊重；hostility敵意。故B項正確。

10.單選題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbymanyvariables,suchaslanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

（42）Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture---onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thebusinessmodelofPepsi（）.

3.Tothefirstschoolofthoughtinthebusinessworld,（）.

4.Theinformationinthispassageismeantforthose（）.

5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies（）.

問題1選項

A.Itisimpossibleforinternationalmanagerstolearnaforeignculture.

B.Factualknowledgeofculturehastobelearnedkeenedthroughexperience.

C.Oneneedsbothfactualandinterpretativeknowledgeofcultureintheinternationalmarketplace.

D.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisthefirststeptodealwiththeculturalchallengeoftheinternationalmarketplace.

問題2選項

A.offersabetterwaytodealwiththecomplicatedculturalchallenges

B.issimilartothatofMcDonald’s

C.doesnotbelieveinglobalization

D.hasovercomeculturaldifferencesinbusiness

問題3選項

A.doingbusinessislikeanorgantransplant

B.differentpoliciesshouldbesetupindifferentcountries

C.businessisbusinesstheworldaround

D.peoplewhobelieveinthesecondschoolofthoughthavemyopia

問題4選項

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohavefriendsorrelativelivingabroad

C.whowanttotravelorstudyabroad

D.whowanttodobusinessinothercountries

問題5選項

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.followsimplerrulesintheirbusinessoperation

C.allhavethequalityofpatience

D.allhaveconnectionsoverseas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.為了適應(yīng)這一體系，一個國際經(jīng)理需要事實知識和解釋性知識?？芍狢項“在國際市場中，一個人既需要事實知識，也需要解釋性知識?！闭_。A項“國際經(jīng)理不可能學(xué)習(xí)外國文化”文中沒有提到；B項“文化中的事實知識需要從經(jīng)驗中獲得”與“Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.在某種程度上，事實知識是可以學(xué)習(xí)的;它的解釋只來自于經(jīng)驗。”不符；D項文中未提到。故C項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Pepsi定位到第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商業(yè)就是世界的商業(yè)，效仿百事和麥當勞的模式。由此可知百事和麥當勞的商業(yè)模式相似。故B項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商業(yè)就是世界的商業(yè)，效仿百事和麥當勞的模式?？芍狢項正確。

4.意圖題。文章開篇就提到了在國際市場上，國際經(jīng)理應(yīng)該具備的知識。最后一段也提及了成功的國際公司應(yīng)有的品質(zhì)及遵循的原則。所以本文信息主要對與其他國家做生意的人有用。故D項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.國際上成功的公司都有一個重要的品質(zhì):耐心?！惫蔆項正確。

11.寫作題

Directions:Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositiononthetitleof"EffectofResearchorStudyEventonMyLaterLifeandWork",withnolessthan200Englishwords.YourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutlinegiveninEnglish.PutyourcompositiononAnswerSheet2.

1.Whatisthemostunforgettableeventinyourresearchorstudy?

2.Whyisitsounforgettable?

3.Whatistheeffectoftheresearchorstudyeventonyourlaterlifeandwork?

【答案】略

12.翻譯題

WhatIwishforallstudentsissomereleasefromthegrimgripofthefuture.Iwishthemachancetoenjoyeachsegmentoftheireducationasanexperienceinitselfandnotasatiresomerequirementinpreparationforthenextstep.Iwishthemtherighttoexperiment,totripandfall,tolearnthatdefeatisaseducationalasvictoryandisnottheendoftheworld.

Mywish,ofcourse,isnative.OneofthefewrightsthatAmericadoesnotproclaimistherighttofail.Achievementisthenationalgod,worshippedinourmedia—themillion-dollarathlete,thewealthyexecutive---andglorifiedinourpraiseofpossessions.Inthepresenceofsuchapotentstatereligion,theyoungaregrowingupold.

【答案】我希望所有的學(xué)生稍微擺脫未來的無情控制。我希望他們有機會把自己每一階段的教育純粹當成一種經(jīng)歷來享受，而不是作為一種為下一步做準備的令人厭倦的需要。我希望他們有權(quán)利去嘗試、跌倒、懂得失敗如同勝利一樣具有教育意義和失敗并不是世界的末日。

當然，我的希望是天真的。失敗的權(quán)利是美國人不贊揚的幾個權(quán)利之一。成就是民族之神，在我們的媒體中受到崇拜——如身價百萬的運動員，富有的主管人員一樣——在我們對財富的贊美中得到榮耀。年輕人就是在這樣一種強有力的民族信仰熏陶下長大的。

13.翻譯題

1.Money-laundering（洗錢）hasbeenoneoftheworld’sfastest-growingindustriesoverdecadedespiteincreasingeffortsbytheworld’sfinancialauthoritiestostampitout.

2.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeoples,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeatingcouldnotunderstandhowthejurywasabletoacquit（宣布無罪）thepolicemeninvolved.

3.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgeneratenegativeions.

4.Thehackersaresoinvolvedwithdesigningtheirprogram,makingitmoreandmorecomplexandbendingittotheirwill,thattheydon'tbothertryingtomakeitunderstandabletootherusers.

5.AstudvhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhenthevbuvforeiunsubsidiaries,buitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.

【答案】1.洗錢在過去十年里已經(jīng)成為世界上發(fā)展最快的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，盡管世界金融當局不斷加強打擊和遏制洗錢力度。

2.我們現(xiàn)在處于人人都能獲取信息的時代，這些信息使人們可以自己做出判斷，大多數(shù)人看過這個毆打視頻后都無法理解陪審團怎么可以無罪釋放涉案警察。

3.為了增加室內(nèi)負離子的供應(yīng)量,一些科學(xué)家建議使用離子發(fā)生器:可以產(chǎn)生負離子的便攜式機器。

4.黑客們?nèi)绱藢Ｗ⒂谠O(shè)計他們的程序，使其越來越復(fù)雜，并按照他們的意愿來編程，以至于他們不愿費心去讓其他用戶理解這些程序。

5.一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些在研發(fā)上投入巨資的美國跨國公司在收購海外子公司時，其股價會上漲，而當一家研發(fā)投入較低的跨國公司收購海外公司時，股價就會下跌。

當媒體為更多的人提供更多的選擇時，媒體有助于民主政治，而當媒體由燈光信號站轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊釋?dǎo)導(dǎo)彈時，媒體將不利于民主政治。比如，總統(tǒng)發(fā)表的1995年國情咨文報告花了一個多小時，這顯然超出了大多數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)評論家（評論員：發(fā)表評論的人）所能承受的大約半小時的容忍度。演說結(jié)束后，網(wǎng)絡(luò)評論家即時對演說做出分析，批判演說的長度而且“缺乏重點”。然而，從第二天的民意調(diào)查結(jié)果和現(xiàn)場訪談來看，大多數(shù)美國人似乎很欣賞總統(tǒng)演講的內(nèi)容。當今媒體調(diào)查少，宣傳多.......

14.單選題

Theadvancementofscienceandtechnologyhasdemonstratedthatafactappearingtocontradicttocertaintheorymayactuallybe（）amoreadvancedformulationofthattheory.

問題1選項

A.consistentwith

B.eliminatedby

C.inoppositionto

D.incompatiblewith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beconsistentwith與…一致，符合；inoppositionto與…相反；beincompatiblewith與…不相容的；句意：先進的科學(xué)技術(shù)證明了如果一個看似與某一理論相悖的事實，實際可能與一個更先進的理論形式相符。由actually可知前后有相反的意味，故此空意思應(yīng)與contradict意義相反，故A項正確。

15.填空題

Shesenthima（wool）（）sweaterashisbirthdaygift.

【答案】woolen

【解析】放在名詞前，應(yīng)該用形容詞。?

16.單選題

What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It’schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfoodexpertsays.

FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspasstheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolleditsvirtues.

Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.Chickensgotanotherboost（吹捧）inthebookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.

Hernewbook,“TheWholeWorldLovesChickenSoup”，looksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.“Throughouttheages,"shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweak-womenandtheill.Inaddition,“soup,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon”areconsidered“comfortfoods.”Sheratonsaid.

“IlovesoupandlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder.”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.

Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensoup（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

4.Chickensouphascurativepowersmainlyfor（）accordingtoSheraton.

5.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis（）.

問題1選項

A.ProminentAmericanFoods

B.HistoryofthechickenSoup

C.ChickenSoupRecipes

D.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all

問題2選項

A.hasbeenover-estimated

B.hasbeenwidelyacknowledged

C.hasbeenappreciatedonlybyphilosophers

D.hasbeenknownonlytomothers

問題3選項

A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.

B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.

C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.

D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.

問題4選項

A.itscolor

B.itstaste

C.itsflavor

D.itsrecipe

問題5選項

A.amaindish

B.apopularfood

C.cheaperthananyotherfood

D.Alloftheabove

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。全文從不同角度，從古至今，講述了雞湯的好處。故D項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspasstheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolleditsvirtues.從俄羅斯的村莊到非洲和亞洲，雞湯一直是那些身體和精神虛弱的人的良藥。母親們把她們的知識傳給了古希臘、中國和羅馬的古代作家，甚至12世紀的哲學(xué)家和醫(yī)生摩西?梅因米德斯(MosesMainmides)也贊美這種美德。由此可知從古代開始雞湯的價值就為人所知。故B項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.在古代，亞里士多德認為家禽應(yīng)該比四條腿的動物站得更高，因為空氣的密度比地球小?？芍@只是亞里士多德的猜測，不是事實。故C項表述錯誤。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由第三段“ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.但在過去3年的大部分時間里，MimiSheraton一直在探索雞湯的世界。他表示，雞肉之所以具有真正的或想象中的療效，在很大程度上是因為它的顏色?？芍猄heraton認為雞湯具有如此強大的療效在于它的顏色。故A項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.51%的受訪者說他們買雞肉是因為雞肉更健康，50%的人說雞肉有多種用途，41%的人說雞肉很經(jīng)濟，46%的人說雞肉脂肪含量低。”可知很多人購買雞肉，并且購買的原因也多樣化，恰好說明了雞肉成為一種受歡迎的食物。故B項正確。

17.單選題

Thefirstanimalsonthislivingsphere,theEarth,wereprimitive（）animals,andthenaround500millionyearsagotheseseaanimalsdevelopedshells.

問題1選項

A.versatile

B.marine

C.predatory

D.feasible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。versatile“多才多藝的”；marine“海生的，海產(chǎn)的”；predatory“掠奪的，掠奪成性的”；feasible“可行的”。句意：地球上第一類動物是海洋類生物，5億年前這些海洋生物逐漸長出了外殼。由后半句的“shells”可推知第一批動物是海生動物，沒有外殼；而且只有B項能修飾動物。

18.單選題

（）,itisquiteeasytodrillaholeonitwithlaser.

問題1選項

A.Asthediamondishard

B.Howhardisthediamond

C.Hardasthediamondis

D.Hardalthoughthediamondis

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝用法。由前后兩句的關(guān)系可知，前一個分句為讓步狀語，由此知B項與D項不正確；再由as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，后面做表語的名詞或形容詞要放在as前來形成倒裝，故C項正確。句意：鉆石雖硬，但是用激光很容易鉆一個洞。

19.翻譯題

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.1.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorldToday.ThemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan（twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries）areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.2.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhat