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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Itisoften______tohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingsoffailureandstatesofworryinthechild.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tempting
B.unanimous
C.irretrievable
D.disgusting
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tempting“吸引人的,誘惑人的”,B項(xiàng)unanimous“全體一致的,意見一致的,無異議的”,C項(xiàng)irretrievable“不能彌補(bǔ)的,不能復(fù)原的”,D項(xiàng)disgusting“令人厭惡的”。根據(jù)but可知前后語義是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,由后半句中的dangerous對(duì)比可知,前半句應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)和dangerous相對(duì)的詞語,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)符合。句意:催促孩子快得超過他的自然學(xué)習(xí)速度往往是誘人的,但這可能會(huì)在孩子中建立危險(xiǎn)的失敗感和擔(dān)心的狀態(tài)。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Peoplemaygetverseswrong,buttheyalsomangleplentyofwell-knownbiblicalstoriesaswell.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.spoil
B.imitate
C.formulate
D.violate
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spoil“溺愛;糟蹋;破壞”;B選項(xiàng)imitate“模仿;仿造”;C選項(xiàng)formulate“規(guī)劃;用公式表示;明確地表達(dá)”;D選項(xiàng)violate“違反;侵犯”。句意:人們可能會(huì)讀錯(cuò)經(jīng)文,但他們也會(huì)……許多著名的圣經(jīng)故事。由關(guān)鍵信息getverseswrong“讀錯(cuò)經(jīng)文”只是常見問題,后一句會(huì)加深問題的嚴(yán)重性。因此可以排除B,C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)一般是指違反規(guī)則,這里的承受對(duì)象是biblicalstories“圣經(jīng)故事”,不能適用。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.單選題
Inasocietythatplacesomuchemphasisto“makingit,”wefailtorecognizethatwhatlookslikefailuremay,inthelongrun,provebeneficial.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.failtorecognize
C.what
D.inthelongrun
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)emphasis可知,placeemphasison為固定搭配,表示“重視,強(qiáng)調(diào)”。句意:在一個(gè)如此強(qiáng)調(diào)“成功”的社會(huì)里,我們沒有意識(shí)到,從長遠(yuǎn)來看,看起來像是失敗的東西可能是有益的。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
4.單選題
We’vemadetentativeplansforaholidaybuthaven’tdecidedanythingyet.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.temporary
B.detailed
C.purposely
D.refreshing
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tentative表示“試驗(yàn)性的,暫定的,躊躇的”;A項(xiàng)temporary“暫時(shí)的,臨時(shí)的”,B項(xiàng)detailed“詳細(xì)的,精細(xì)的”,C項(xiàng)purposely“故意地”,D項(xiàng)refreshing“提神的,使清爽的,使人重新振作的”。句意:我們暫定了一個(gè)度假計(jì)劃,但還沒有決定任何事情。根據(jù)句意可知,tentative在句中表示“暫定的”,A項(xiàng)的意思符合句子。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Themostobviousandleastnoticedman-mademarvelinCaliforniaisitshighwaysystem.Itisanengineeringeventonthescaleofthetranscontinentalrailroad,over15,000mileslongandfiftyyearsinthemaking.Byalongmeasure,itisthebesthighwaysysteminthecountry,whichmeansthatitisthebesthighwaysystemintheworld.California,itsvariousdepartmentsandagencies,hastaughtnumberlessnationshowtobuildmodemroads,andiftheworldisnowlessconvincedaboutthenecessityofsuperhighwaysthatitusedtobe,thathasmoretodowithgeologythanwithdesignandengineering.
TheCaliforniahighwaysystemisalsowheremanyofuslearnedthepleasuresofmotoring.Muchhasbeenwrittenabout(California’sloveaffairwiththeautomobile,andmuchofitiswrong.Tobesure,afewcitizenslavishaninordinateamountofattentionontheircars,butformostofusroutinemaintenanceandasportylittleironcladwarrantyareallnecessary.Therealpleasuresoftheroadhavetodowithdrivingtheexperienceratherthanthevehicle,theverbratherthanthenoun.Thepleasuresofdrivingareanobviousextensionofthepleasuresofthetrail,theprogressiverevelationofnaturalwondersandculturalinformation.Drivingisanaestheticexperiencesocommonplacethatitisfrequentlyignored,yetabaddriveisaspainfulasabadpaintingandrequiresmuchmorestaminatoendure.ForAmericans,drivingisalsonearlyuniversal;morepeoplehaverevealedinagooddrivethanhave,say,attendedabaseballgameorgottendivorced.
Soitisthegooddrivesthatwecelebratehere.Thefollowinglistisarbitraryandpersonal—andincomplete.IhavenotdriveneveryroadinCalifornia,Ihaveheard,forinstance,that299fromReddingtoAlturasisworthadetour(繞道),butIhavenotincludeditbecauseI’veneverdoneit.Callthislistrather,atalkingpaper,aworkinprogress,asetofnominations(thereareonlysevendrivesonit,whichsuggeststhattheCaliforniatoptenhasthreeslotsopen).Mycriteriaweremostlypredictablescenicbeauty,surprise,transformation,easeofdriving,trafficflow,plusaleaveningofwhim.Theyarelistedinavagueorderofreference,asfollows.
1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthefirstparagraph?
2.ItisonCaliforniahighwaysthatmanypeople______.
3.Accordingtotheauthor,afewcitizenstendto______.
4.Thesecondparagraphsuggeststhedrivingis______.
5.IftheauthorintroducessomeroadsinCaliforniatothereaderinthefollowingparagraph,howmanyroadsaretotheintroduced?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.TheCaliforniahighwaysystemisawonder.
B.Californiahasanadvantageingeologyandgeography.
C.RoadsinCaliforniaareallsuperhighways.
D.Highwayswon’tbenecessaryinthefuture.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.learntomotorcycle
B.begintoenjoydriving
C.fallinlove
D.learnhowtodrive
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.taketoomuchcareoftheircars
B.Ignorethemaintenanceoftheircars
C.paintwhiledrivingalongtheroads
D.lacktheabilitytoappreciatethebeauty
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.consideredaworld-widegamebyAmericans
B.asinterestingaswatchingbaseballgames
C.averypopularentertainmentforAmericans
D.oneofthereasonsofsomedivorces
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.3
B.7
C.10
D.299
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“第一段作者想要告訴我們什么?”。文章第一段開頭提到Themostobviousandleastnoticedman-mademarvelinCaliforniaisitshighwaysystem.(加州最明顯、最不引人注意的人造奇跡是高速公路系統(tǒng)),接著就加州的高速公路系統(tǒng)展開了論述,故A項(xiàng)“加州的高速公路系統(tǒng)是個(gè)奇跡”正確;B項(xiàng)“加州在地質(zhì)和地理上有優(yōu)勢”、C項(xiàng)“加州的公路都是高速公路”和D項(xiàng)“高速公路在未來是沒有必要的”沒有提到。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
2.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在加州高速公路上許多人……”。根據(jù)第二段第一句TheCaliforniahighwaysystemisalsowheremanyofuslearnedthepleasuresofmotoring.(加州高速公路系統(tǒng)也是大部分的我們了解到駕駛樂趣的地方)可知,B項(xiàng)“開始享受駕駛”正確;A項(xiàng)“學(xué)會(huì)摩托車”和D項(xiàng)“學(xué)會(huì)開車”都屬于駕駛;C項(xiàng)“墜入愛河”沒有提到。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
3.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者的說法,少數(shù)公民傾向于……”。文章第二段第三句提到Tobesure,afewcitizenslavishaninordinateamountofattentionontheircars,butformostofusroutinemaintenanceandasportylittleironcladwarrantyareallnecessary.(誠然,少數(shù)市民在他們的汽車上花費(fèi)了過多的精力,但對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來說,例行維護(hù)和小小的保修都是必要的)可知,A項(xiàng)“過多關(guān)注他們的汽車”正確;B項(xiàng)“忽視他們的汽車維護(hù)”這是以過多關(guān)注汽車為前提的,故不選;C項(xiàng)“在路上開車時(shí)刷漆”沒有提到;D項(xiàng)“缺乏欣賞美的能力”,文中只是提到“開車作為一種常見的審美體驗(yàn)經(jīng)常被忽視”,并沒有提到缺乏。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
4.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第二段暗示駕駛是……”。第二段最后一句指出ForAmericans,drivingisalsonearlyuniversal;morepeoplehaverevealedinagooddrivethanhave,say,attendedabaseballgameorgottendivorced.(對(duì)美國人來說,駕駛幾乎是非常普遍的事情;比起去看棒球賽或離婚的人,更多的人在良好的駕駛中展露出來),可知在美國,駕駛是一件很普遍的事情,且前面提到駕駛是一種樂趣,所以是一個(gè)大眾娛樂,C項(xiàng)“對(duì)美國人來說是一個(gè)大眾娛樂”正確;由此可知A項(xiàng)“被美國人視為一個(gè)遍布世界的活動(dòng)”錯(cuò)誤;關(guān)于B項(xiàng)“和看棒球比賽一樣有趣”和D項(xiàng)“離婚的其中原因之一”,文中只是把看棒球比賽的人和離婚的人與駕駛的人們進(jìn)行了比較,重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)駕駛是一種大眾娛樂,并沒有提到這兩項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
5.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“如果作者在接下來的段落中向讀者介紹了一些加州的道路,那么有多少條路可以被介紹給讀者?”。最后一段提到thereareonlysevendrivesonit,whichsuggeststhattheCaliforniatoptenhasthreeslotsopen.(名單上只有7條道路,這意味著加州前10名還有3個(gè)空缺)可知,有7條道路可以介紹給讀者,B項(xiàng)正確;由此也可知A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)不正確;D項(xiàng)在最后一段中的299fromReddingtoAlturasisworthadetour(從雷丁到阿爾圖拉斯的299路值得繞道而行)提到,可知299只是一條道路的編號(hào)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Evenifthegenesthemselvesarenotinitiallyhazardous,youdonotknowhowtheyaregoingtoevolve.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.partially
B.originally
C.ultimately
D.fundamentally
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)partially“部分地;偏袒地”;B選項(xiàng)originally“最初,起初;本來”;C選項(xiàng)ultimately“最后;根本”;D選項(xiàng)fundamentally“根本地,基礎(chǔ)地”。ultimately和fundamentally都有根本的意思,前者側(cè)重于就結(jié)果方向而言,而后者側(cè)重于從源泉方向講。句意:即使基因本身……沒有危險(xiǎn),你也不知道它們將如何進(jìn)化。Evenif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。由后面的關(guān)鍵信息youdonotknowhowtheyaregoingtoevolve.“你不知道它們將如何發(fā)展”,是在說基因之后的發(fā)展,所以按照邏輯關(guān)系,剛開始基因本身是沒有危險(xiǎn)的,但是之后經(jīng)歷過一些變化后就難以保證了。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
7.單選題
Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.
AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.
Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimatessome65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.
ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenignglobalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared-isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.
1.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged______.
2.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution______.
3.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.
4.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.togiveuphisformerwayoflife
B.toleavethecoastalareas
C.tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation
D.toabandonhisoriginalsettlement
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges
B.hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges
C.haslargelybeeneffectedbyclimaticchanges
D.hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges27.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment
B.Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference
C.Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture
D.Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture28.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges
B.mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate
C.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess
D.humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:B
【解析】1.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“農(nóng)業(yè)作為一種生存策略出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)槿祟惐黄取?。根?jù)第一段最后兩句Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming.(在把周圍的許多動(dòng)物逼到瀕臨滅絕的邊緣后,人們被迫放棄原有的生活方式,轉(zhuǎn)而采取一種全新的生存策略,這導(dǎo)致了大范圍的饑餓和疾病;這種適應(yīng)就是農(nóng)業(yè)。)可知,A項(xiàng)“放棄他以前的生活方式”正確;B項(xiàng)“離開沿海地區(qū)”、C項(xiàng)“跟隨不斷變化的植被”和D項(xiàng)“放棄他原來的居住地”都屬于導(dǎo)致人類被迫放棄原有生活方式的原因。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
2.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類進(jìn)化……”。由第三段第一句Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.(最重要的是,科學(xué)家們開始意識(shí)到氣候變化已經(jīng)對(duì)人類物種的進(jìn)化產(chǎn)生了重大影響)可知,科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類進(jìn)化受到了氣候變化的重大影響,C項(xiàng)“很大程度上受到了氣候變化的影響”正確;由此也可知,A項(xiàng)“很少伴有氣候變化”錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)“對(duì)氣候變化影響不大”和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)氣候變化有重大影響”文中沒有提到。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
3.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“過去氣候變化的證據(jù)表明……”。根據(jù)文章最后一段Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.(事實(shí)上,過去的氣候變化模式表明,即使沒有人類活動(dòng)的影響,地球的氣候幾乎肯定會(huì)在未來經(jīng)歷劇烈的變化)可知,C項(xiàng)“地球的氣候在未來必然會(huì)發(fā)生顯著變化”正確;A項(xiàng)“人類活動(dòng)加速了地球環(huán)境的變化”、B項(xiàng)“盡管有人類的干擾,地球的環(huán)境仍將保持溫和”和D項(xiàng)“地球的氣候在未來不太可能發(fā)生重大變化”都與原文內(nèi)容不符合。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
4.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者希望在文章中傳達(dá)的信息是……”。通讀全文可知,文章在第一段就闡述了氣候的變化導(dǎo)致人類放棄原有的生活方式而進(jìn)行遷徙,尋求新的生存策略,接下來兩段就氣候的變化是如何改變?nèi)祟惿婧瓦M(jìn)化進(jìn)行的闡述,最后一段總結(jié)根據(jù)過去的氣候變化模式,即使沒有人類的活動(dòng)影響,地球的氣候依然會(huì)經(jīng)歷劇烈變化,所以文章傳達(dá)的信息是人類在面對(duì)氣候的變化時(shí),是無能為力的,故B項(xiàng)“面對(duì)氣候的急劇變化,人類實(shí)際上是無能為力的”正確;A項(xiàng)“盡管受到氣候變化的影響,人類文明依然輝煌”和D項(xiàng)“盡管自然發(fā)生了變化,人類文明還是會(huì)繼續(xù)發(fā)展的”沒有提到;C項(xiàng)“人類必須限制自己的活動(dòng),以減緩全球變暖的進(jìn)程”與文意相反。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
8.寫作題
Directions:Use200-250wordstopresentyourviewsonthetopicbelow,usingrelevantreasonsandexamplestosupportthem.
“High-speedelectroniccommunicationsmedia,suchaselectronicmailandtelevision,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication.”
【答案】略
9.單選題
Thepresident’scriticssayhehasbeentoo______inrespondingtochanginginternationaldevelopments.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.luscious
B.forlorn
C.timid
D.eloquent
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)luscious“甘美的,滿足感官的”,B項(xiàng)forlorn“被遺棄的,絕望的,孤獨(dú)的”,C項(xiàng)timid“膽小的,羞怯的”,D項(xiàng)eloquent“意味深長的,雄辯的,有口才的”。由Thepresident’scritics“總統(tǒng)的批評(píng)者”可知,后面是負(fù)面的評(píng)價(jià),排除A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng),根據(jù)respondingtochanginginternationaldevelopments“應(yīng)對(duì)國際形勢的變化”可知,C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意:總統(tǒng)的批評(píng)者說,他在應(yīng)對(duì)不斷變化的國際發(fā)展方面過于膽怯。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
MalaysiaandIndonesiarelyonopenmarketsforforestandfisheryproducts.______,someAsiancountriesarehighlyprotectionist.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Naturally
B.Conversely
C.Deliberately
D.Evidently
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)naturally“自然地”,B項(xiàng)conversely“相反地”,C項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地,緩慢而謹(jǐn)慎地”,D項(xiàng)evidently“顯然,明顯地,清楚地”。由openmarkets“開放市場”和protectionist“貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的”可知,前后語義是相反的,conversely符合語境。句意:馬來西亞和印度尼西亞的森林和漁業(yè)產(chǎn)品依賴開放市場;相反,一些亞洲國家貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義色彩濃厚。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Computersystemsemploymanytacticstothwartunauthorizedaccess.Manycomputersystemsrequireausertoenterasecretpasswordtogainaccess.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.strengthen
B.prevent
C.supervise
D.restrict
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。thwart表示“挫敗,反對(duì),阻礙”;A項(xiàng)strengthen“加強(qiáng),鞏固”,B項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防,防止,阻止”,C項(xiàng)supervise“監(jiān)督,管理,指導(dǎo)”,D項(xiàng)restrict“限制,約束,限定”。句意:計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)采用許多策略來阻止未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問;許多計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)要求用戶輸入密碼才能進(jìn)入。因此,根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Sadly,theGiantPandaisoneofthemanyspeciesnowindangerof______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.extinction
B.immigration
C.distinction
D.extraction
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)extinction“滅絕,消失,消滅”,B項(xiàng)immigration“外來移民,移居”,C項(xiàng)distinction“區(qū)別,差別,特性”,D項(xiàng)extraction“取出,抽出,拔出”。由Sadly“悲哀地”和theGiantPanda“大熊貓”可知,indangerof______表示“瀕臨滅絕”。句意:遺憾的是,大熊貓是許多瀕臨滅絕的物種之一。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
ForSaintPaul,consciencebringsnotonlyilluminationbutalsoagony:Itrelentlesslyexposestheinnerbattlethathumanbeingsmustwageagainsttheirownimpulses.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.insight
B.distress
C.reflection
D.stimulus
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。agony表示“苦惱,極大的痛苦”;A項(xiàng)insight“洞察力,洞悉”,B項(xiàng)distress“危難,不幸,貧困”,C項(xiàng)reflection“反射,沉思”,D項(xiàng)stimulus“刺激,激勵(lì),刺激物”。句意:對(duì)圣保羅來說,良心帶來的不僅僅是光明,也帶來了痛苦:它無情地揭露了人類必須與自己的沖動(dòng)進(jìn)行的內(nèi)心斗爭。因此,根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Duringthemonthsofmaximumprecipitation,broadareastraversedbytheAmazonaresubjecttoseverefloods.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.drowned
B.assaulted
C.crossed
D.eroded
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。traverse表示“穿過,來回移動(dòng),反駁”;A項(xiàng)drown“淹沒,把……淹死”,B項(xiàng)assault“攻擊,襲擊”,C項(xiàng)cross項(xiàng)“穿越,越過,橫過”,D項(xiàng)erode“腐蝕,侵蝕”。句意:在降雨量最大的幾個(gè)月里,亞馬遜河流經(jīng)的廣大地區(qū)會(huì)遭受嚴(yán)重的洪水。根據(jù)句意可知traverse在句中表示“途經(jīng)”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是C項(xiàng)。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
15.單選題
Sowideisitssweepthat345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguageandanadditional400millionastheirsecond.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.range
B.power
C.vigor
D.expansion
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)range“范圍;幅度;山脈”;B選項(xiàng)power“力量;電力”;C選項(xiàng)vigor“活力;精力”;D選項(xiàng)expansion“膨脹”。句意:英語的……是如此之廣,以至于3.45億人將英語作為第一語言,另外還有4億人將英語作為第二語言。由關(guān)鍵信息sowide“如此廣泛”以及345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguage“3.45億人將英語當(dāng)成第一語言使用”,可知本句是在講英語的普及范圍廣。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
16.單選題
Toyoutheseproblemsmightnotbeveryserious,butforyoungpeopletheycan______large.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.reel
B.reveal
C.alter
D.loom
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)reel“震驚,(因突然受挫)暈眩,(尤指醉酒)走路踉蹌”,B項(xiàng)reveal“顯示,透露,揭露”,C項(xiàng)alter“改變,更改”,D項(xiàng)loom“可怕地出現(xiàn),顯得突出,(不祥之事)似將發(fā)生”。由but可知,前后語義為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,根據(jù)前一句Toyoutheseproblemsmightnotbeveryserious“對(duì)你來說,這些問題可能不是很嚴(yán)重”可推,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)和notserious相對(duì)的詞語,而loomlarge固定搭配,表示“顯得突出”。句意:對(duì)你來說,這些問題可能不是很嚴(yán)重,但對(duì)年輕人來說,它們可能顯得很突出。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
17.單選題
OverthecenturiesboththeNileandthedesertsandsimperceptiblyshifted,andthistemplewaslosttotheworlduntil1813,whenitwasaccidentallyrediscoveredbytheSwissexplorerJeanLouisBurckhardt.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.enormously
B.unstably
C.progressively
D.unnoticeably
【答案】D
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enormously“巨大地;非常地”;B選項(xiàng)unstably“不穩(wěn)定地”;C選項(xiàng)progressively“漸進(jìn)地;日益增多地”;D選項(xiàng)unnoticeably“不引人注意地;不顯著地”。句意:幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,尼羅河和沙漠的沙子都……變化著,這座寺廟直到1813年才被世人所知,后來它被瑞士探險(xiǎn)家偶然地發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)寺廟所發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)間可知,尼羅河和沙漠的沙子移動(dòng)的非常緩慢,以至于寺廟是在之后的一大段時(shí)間才展露出來。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
18.單選題
Judgingbythebookssold,thisyoungwriterseemstohaveastrong______overthereadingpublic.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.personality
B.disgust
C.antipathy
D.hold
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)personality“個(gè)性,品格”,B項(xiàng)disgust“厭惡,嫌惡”,指對(duì)某事物的強(qiáng)烈厭惡或不贊成的感覺,C項(xiàng)antipathy“反感,厭惡,憎惡”,指對(duì)某人或某事強(qiáng)烈的反感,D項(xiàng)hold“控制,影響,保留”。由Judgingbythebookssold“從售出的書來判斷”可知,haveastrong______overthereadingpublic中的空格處表示“影響”符合語境。句意:從售出的書來看,這位年輕作家似乎對(duì)讀者有很強(qiáng)的影響力。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
19.單選題
“ThissuggeststhepossibilitythatatreatmentlikethiscouldbetestedtoseeifitcoulddelaytheonsetofAlzheimer’sdisease,”saidProf.Holtzman.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.spread
B.decline
C.start
D.increase
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spread“傳播;伸展”;B選項(xiàng)decline“下降;衰退”;C選項(xiàng)start“開始;起點(diǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)increase“增加;增長”。句意:霍爾茨曼教授說:“這表明,有可能對(duì)這種治療方法進(jìn)行測試,看看它能否延緩阿爾茨海默氏癥的……?!庇申P(guān)鍵信息treatment“治療”和病癥Alzheimer’sdisease“老年癡呆癥疾病”,其治療目的是為了delay“延遲”。老年癡呆癥是每個(gè)人會(huì)遇到的問題,無法避免,只能看是否通過治療延緩其開始的時(shí)間。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
20.單選題
Becauseitwasverycontagious,everyoneinthefamilywasverymuchworried.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.superfluous
B.paternal
C.infectious
D.sanitary
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contagious表示“感染性的,會(huì)蔓延的”;A項(xiàng)superfluous“多余的,不必要的,奢侈的”,B項(xiàng)paternal“父親的,得自父親的”,C項(xiàng)infectious“傳染的,傳染性的”,D項(xiàng)sanitary“衛(wèi)生的,清潔的”。句意:因?yàn)樗膫魅拘院軓?qiáng),家里的每個(gè)人都很擔(dān)心。根據(jù)句意可知,C項(xiàng)的意思符合句子。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
21.單選題
Thegloomymyth-makersforeseeaworlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire,andahumanpopulation______bywar,starvationorinfectiousdiseases.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.stagnated
B.suppressed
C.contrived
D.decimated
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)stagnate“停滯,淤塞,變蕭條”,B項(xiàng)suppress“抑制,鎮(zhèn)壓,廢止”,C項(xiàng)contrive“設(shè)計(jì),發(fā)明,圖謀”,D項(xiàng)decimate“大批殺害,大量毀滅,大大削弱”。根據(jù)worlddestroyedbyfloodsorfire“被洪水或火災(zāi)摧毀的世界”可知,humanpopulation______bywar填入decimated符合語境。句意:悲觀的神話制造者預(yù)測世界將被洪水或火災(zāi)摧毀,人類將被戰(zhàn)爭、饑餓或傳染病奪去生命。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
22.單選題
SOMETHINGABOUTNAPLESjustseemsmadeforcomedy.Thenamealoneconjuresuppizza,andlovable,incorrigibleinnocentswarbling“OSoleMio”;anuttylittlecorneroftheworldwheretheidrunswildandtheonlyanswertothequestion“Why?”appearstobe“Whynot?”
Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.Neitherpassengernorbuswaseverseenagain.
Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?
ButNaplesactuallyisn’tsofunny.Italy’sthirdlargestcity,with1.1millionpeople,hasamuchdarkerside,wherechaosreigns:bagsnatchingandmugging,cloggedstreetsofstupefyingconfusion,wheretrafficmovestomysteriouslawsofitsownthroughmultipleintersectionswhosetrafficlightshaven’tfunctionedformonths,maybeyears—iftheyhavelightsatall.Packsofwilddogsroamthecity’smainpark.Nineteenpolicemenontheanti-narcoticssquadarearrestedforacceptingpayoffsfromtheCamorra,thelocalMafia.
TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.
Neapolitansknowtheirreputation.“Peoplethinknothingevergetsdonehere,”saidayoungprofessionalwoman.Sometimestheysay,“SurelyyoucomefromMilan.YoucomefromNaples?”
GiovannidelForno,aninsuranceexecutive,toldmeabouthisflighthomefromanorthernItaliancity,theplanewaitedonthetarmacforhalfanhourforagatetobecomeavailable.“AndIbegantohearthecommentsaroundme:“Well,hereweareinNaples,”hesaidwithawince.“Thesecommentsmakemesuffer.”
Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”
Thisisacityinwhichlivingonthebrinkofcollapseisnormal.Napleshassurvivedwars,revolutions,floods,earthquakes,anderuptionsofnearbyVesuvius.FirstawealthycolonyfoundedbytheGreeks(whocalleditNeapolis,or“newcity”),thenaflourishingRomanresort,itlivedthroughvariousincarnationsunderdynastiesofNormans,Swabians,Austrians,Spanish,andFrench,nottomentionagloriousperiodastheresplendentcapitaloftheKingdomoftheTwoSicilies.
Itwasabrilliant,cultivatedcitythatoncerankedwithLondonandParis.TheNunziatella,theoldestmilitaryschoolinItaly,stillbasksinitstwocenturiesofhistoricglory;theTeatroSanCarloremainsoneofthegreatestoperahousesintheworld.ThetreasuresofPompeiigracetheNationalMuseum.StretchedluxuriantlybetweenmountainsandseaalongthecurvingcoastoftheBayofNaples,fullofornatepalaces,gardens,churches,andworksofart,withitsmildclimateandrichfolklore,Naplesinthelastcenturywasbelovedbyartistsandwriters.Themostfamousresponsetothismagnificencewasthecommentbyanunknownadmirer,“SeeNaplesanddie.”
Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.ThebombardmentsofWorldWarIIwerefollowedbythedepredationsofprofiteersandpoliticians-for-rentwhoreducedthecitytoademoralizedshadowofitself,survivingongovernmenthandouts.Untilfiveyearsagocitygovernmentswerecobbledtogetherbywarringpoliticalfactions;somemayorslastedonlyafewmonths.Acholeraoutbreakin1973wasfollowedin1980byamajorearthquake.Itsfamousporthaswithered(thoughtheU.S.SixthFleetcommandisstillbasedjustupthecoast),industrieshavefailed,touristshavefled,nativeshavemovedout—itseemsthatonlydrugtraffickingisbooming.“Unlivable,”theNeapolitanssay,“Incomprehensible”,“Martyred”.
1.Thetwoexamplesinthesecondandthirdparagraphsintendtoshowthat______.
2.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheNortherners______.
3.TheauthorimpliesthatNeapolitans’affectionforthecity______.
4.Whentheauthorsays“Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations,”heactuallymeansthat______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Napleshasahighincidenceoftrafficaccidents
B.anythingextraordinarycanhappeninNaples
C.peopletherelovetostorefoodforyears
D.everythingappearstobeonthewrongside
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.arecriticalofwhatNaplesrepresents
B.sympathizewithNeapolitans
C.sharemanythingswithNeapolitans
D.makeeveryefforttoshunNeapolitans
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.wasunrealistic
B.wentabittoofar
C.wasextraordinary
D.gaverisetoconcern
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.thecitycannowboastveryfewpoets
B.artistsandwritershaveleftforLondonandParis
C.thecityunderwentheavybombingduringtheWar
D.Thecity’spresentproblemsobscureditsgloriouspast
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:D
【解析】1.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第二段和第三段中的兩個(gè)例子旨在說明……”。第二段首句提到Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.(那不勒斯:意大利糟糕的城市,在那里甚至連真相都有一種奇怪的虛構(gòu)色彩),接著第二段和第三段舉出了兩個(gè)例子:一個(gè)是Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.(一輛小汽車與一輛城市小型公共汽車追尾。公共汽車司機(jī)下車去調(diào)查。當(dāng)他站在那里說話時(shí),他唯一的乘客拿起方向盤開走了);另外一個(gè)是Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?(在中央郵局忙碌的午餐時(shí)間,天花板上的一條裂縫裂開了,郵政工人被一大堆過期的羊角面包壓得喘不過氣來。當(dāng)清潔工把裝著發(fā)霉的早餐面包卷的垃圾袋拖走時(shí),問題來了:是誰?為什么?那上面還可能有什么?),從這兩個(gè)例子可以推知,那不勒斯這個(gè)城市的糟糕的狀況,故D項(xiàng)“一切似乎都是錯(cuò)位的”符合題意;A項(xiàng)“那不勒斯的交通事故發(fā)生率很高”和C項(xiàng)“那里的人們喜歡把食物儲(chǔ)存多年”只是例子;B項(xiàng)“在那不勒斯,任何不尋常的事情都可能發(fā)生”表示不夠準(zhǔn)確,這些事情并不是不尋常的,而是糟糕的。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
2.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以得出結(jié)論,北方人……”。根據(jù)文章的第五段TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.(對(duì)許多意大利人來說,尤其是那些生活在富裕、工業(yè)化的北方的意大利人來說,這一切都不足為奇。對(duì)他們來說,那不勒斯意味著政治上的腐敗,浪費(fèi)的聯(lián)邦補(bǔ)貼,猖獗的有組織犯罪,可怕的大家庭,以及狡詐、懶惰的人們,他們寧愿做一些陰暗的事情也不愿做誠實(shí)的工作。)可知,北方的意大利人對(duì)那不勒斯是批判的態(tài)度,A項(xiàng)“對(duì)那不勒斯所代表的東西持批評(píng)態(tài)度”正確;由此也可知B項(xiàng)“同情那不勒斯人”和C項(xiàng)“和那不勒斯人有很多共同點(diǎn)”不正確;D項(xiàng)“盡量避開那不勒斯人”,文章在此處主要是表達(dá)意大利的北方人對(duì)那不勒斯的批判,并不能推斷出他們想盡量避開那不勒斯人。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
3.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者暗示那不勒斯人對(duì)城市的感情……”。根據(jù)文章的第八段Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”(那不勒斯人可能會(huì)抱怨,但大多數(shù)人無法想象住在其他地方。這個(gè)城市有一個(gè)大家庭的親密、緊張和瘋狂,但卻有著強(qiáng)烈的奉獻(xiàn)精神。這里的人和紐約人一樣,有一種偏執(zhí)的自豪感。他們愛那些即使壞了的食物,他們喜歡做那不勒斯人。他們知道外人不懂,他們不在乎。一個(gè)女人說:“即使你走了,你仍然是這座城市的囚犯。我的城市有很多問題,但離開它我感覺很糟糕?!保┛梢酝茢喑觯诖颂幾髡甙凳灸遣焕账谷藢?duì)他們城市的感情是特別的,是非凡的,C項(xiàng)“是非凡的”正確;由此也可知,A項(xiàng)“是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的”和D項(xiàng)“引起關(guān)注”不正確;B項(xiàng)“有點(diǎn)太過了”是干擾項(xiàng),根據(jù)該段那不勒斯人對(duì)自己城市的描述可以知道這種情感并不顯得很夸張。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
4.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“當(dāng)作者說‘如今,那些評(píng)價(jià)就沒有那么有詩意了’時(shí),他實(shí)際上的意思是……”。文章倒數(shù)第二段講述了那不勒斯這個(gè)城市過去的輝煌和教養(yǎng),接著最后一段第一句作者就說Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.(如今,那些評(píng)價(jià)就沒有那么有詩意了),接著就講到了那不勒斯屢屢遭受災(zāi)難和不堪的現(xiàn)狀,由此可以推知,作者說這一句話的意思是那不勒斯如今的問題已經(jīng)使得過去的輝煌暗淡模糊,D項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城市目前的問題使它輝煌的過去痕跡模糊”正確;A項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城市現(xiàn)在可以夸耀的詩人很少了”,最后兩段沒有提到詩人;B項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家和作家都去了倫敦和巴黎”沒有提到;C項(xiàng)“這座城市在戰(zhàn)爭期間遭受了猛烈的轟炸”這只是那不勒斯如今的問題使得過去的輝煌痕跡模糊的原因之一。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
23.單選題
Theo
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