2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-通用考博英語(yǔ)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)94

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-通用考博英語(yǔ)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.

B.Adults’influenceonchildren.

C.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.

D.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesandbabyanimals.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theylovehappymelodiesmorethansadones.

B.Theyfallasleepeasilywhilelisteningtomusic.

C.Theyarealreadysensitivetobeatsandrhythms.

D.Theycandistinguishahappytunefromasadone.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Babies’emotions.

B.Infants’behaviors.

C.Babies’interactionwithadults.

D.Infants’facialexpressions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Inlastweek’slecture,wediscussedthecharacteristicsofthenewlybornoffspringofseveralmammals.Youprobablyrememberthathumaninfantsarelessdevelopedphysicallythanothermammalsofthesameage.[19]Butintoday’slecture,we’lllookatthreeveryinterestingstudiesthathintatthesurprisingabilitiesofhumanbabies.

Inthefirststudy,3-year-oldswatchtwovideosshownsidebyside,eachfeaturingadifferentresearcher,oneofwhomthey’dmetonce,twoyearsearlier.Thechildrenspentlongerwatchingthevideoshowingtheresearchertheyhadn’tmet.Thisisconsistentwithyoungchildren’susualtendencytolooklongeratthingsthataren’tfamiliar.Andreallythisisamazing!Itsuggeststhechildrenrememberedtheresearcherthey’dmetjustonetimewhentheywereonlyone-year-olds.Ofcourse,asmostofusforgetmemoriesfromourfirstfewyearsaswegrowolder,theseearlylong-termmemorieswilllikelybelostinsubsequentyears.

Oursecondstudyisaboutmusic.Forthisstudyresearchersplayedmusictobabiesthroughspeakerslocatedoneithersideofahumanface.Theywaiteduntilthebabiesgotboredandinvertedtheirgazefromtheface.Andthentheychangedthemoodofthemusic—eitherfromsadtohappy,ortheotherwayaround.Thismoodswitchmadenodifferencetothe3-month-olds,butforthe9-month-oldsitwasenoughtorenewtheirinterestandtheystartedlookingagaininthedirectionoftheface.[20]Thissuggeststhatbabiesofthatagecantellthedifferencebetweenahappymelodyandasadtune.

Ourfinalstudyisfrom1980,butit’sstillrelevanttoday.[21]Infact,it’soneofthemostfamouspiecesofresearchaboutinfantemotioneverpublished.Thestudyinvolvedordinaryadultswatchingvideoclipsofbabies9-monthoryounger.Inthevideoclips,thebabiesmadevariousfacialexpressionsinresponsetoreallifeevents,includingplayfulinteractionsandpainfulones.Theadultobserverswereabletoreliablydiscernanassortmentofemotionsonthebabies,faces.Theseemotionsincludedinterest,joy,surprise,sadness,anger,disgust,contempt,andfear.

Nextweek,we’llbelookingatthislaststudymoreclosely.Infact,wewillbeviewingsomeofthevideoclipsfromthatstudy.Andtogether,seehowwellwedoindiscerningthebabies’emotions.

19.Whatarethethreeinterestingstudiesabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)這三項(xiàng)有趣的研究是關(guān)于什么的？錄音開(kāi)頭提到“在今天的講座中，我們將看到三個(gè)非常有趣的研究，它們暗示了人類(lèi)嬰兒驚人的能力（abilitiesofhumanbabies）”，因此A選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)嬰兒的能力”正確。B選項(xiàng)“成年人對(duì)兒童的影響”，三個(gè)研究雖有成年人參與，但這些研究并不是研究成年人對(duì)兒童的影響，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“不同新生哺乳動(dòng)物在認(rèn)知方面的特征”是上周的講座所討論的內(nèi)容，而不是本周；D選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)嬰兒和動(dòng)物嬰兒之間的相似之處”，錄音中未提及相關(guān)信息。

20.Whatdoesthesecondstudyfindabout9-month-oldbabies?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于9個(gè)月大的嬰兒，第二項(xiàng)研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？在第二項(xiàng)研究中，提到音樂(lè)氛圍的變化對(duì)3個(gè)月大的嬰兒沒(méi)有影響，但對(duì)于9個(gè)月大的嬰兒來(lái)說(shuō)，這足以重新引起他們的興趣，這表明該年齡段的嬰兒能夠區(qū)分快樂(lè)的旋律和悲傷的旋律。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們能分辨出快樂(lè)的曲調(diào)和悲傷的曲調(diào)”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“他們喜歡快樂(lè)的旋律勝過(guò)悲傷的旋律”和B選項(xiàng)“他們聽(tīng)音樂(lè)時(shí)很容易睡著”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)節(jié)拍和節(jié)奏已經(jīng)很敏感了”。beatsandrhythms在錄音中并未出現(xiàn)，因此C選項(xiàng)可排除。

21.Whatisthe1980studyabout?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)1980年那項(xiàng)研究是關(guān)于什么的？錄音中提到，該項(xiàng)研究是迄今為止發(fā)表的關(guān)于嬰兒情緒（infantemotion）的最著名的研究之一，因此A選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的情緒”正確。B選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的行為”并沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“嬰兒和成人的互動(dòng)”，利用錄音的playfulinteractions設(shè)干擾，但錄音是說(shuō)嬰兒看到playfulinteractions時(shí)臉部的表情，不是嬰兒自己的interactions，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的面部表情”是最具有干擾性的一項(xiàng)。事實(shí)上，facialexpressions在這項(xiàng)研究中很重要，但這是為研究嬰兒情緒服務(wù)的，因此D選項(xiàng)不選。

2.單選題

Humansare______,which

enablesthemtomakedecisionsevenwhentheycan’t

justify

why.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rational

B.reasonable

C.hesitant

D.intuitive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rational“合理的；理智的”；reasonable“公道的，通情達(dá)理的”；hesitant“遲疑的，猶豫不定的”；intuitive“直覺(jué)的，憑直覺(jué)獲知的”。句意：人類(lèi)是有直覺(jué)的，這讓他們?cè)谡也坏胶线m的理由時(shí)也能做決定。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itenablespatientswithdiabetestorecoversooner.

B.Itshealthbenefitshavebeenoverestimated.

C.Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeproved.

D.Ithelpspeopletoavoiddevelopingbreastcancer.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ittrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheiradolescence.

B.Itfocusedontheirdifferencefrommeninfiberintake.

C.Ittrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20years.

D.Itfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungadulthood.15.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanmen.

B.Fibermayimprovethefunctionofheartmuscles.

C.Fibermaymakebloodcirculationmoresmooth.

D.Fibermayhelptoreducehormonesinthebody.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】PassageTwo

MostAmericansdon’teatenoughfruits,vegetablesorwholegrains.[13]Researchernowsaysaddingfibertotheteendietmayhelplowertheriskofbreastcancer.

Conversationsaboutthebenefitsoffiberareprobablymorecommoninnursinghomesthanhighschools.Butalongcomesanewstudythatcouldchangethat.KristiKing,adietspecialistatTexasChildren’sHospital,findsithardtogetteenagepatients’attentionabouthealthyeating.Buttellingthemthateatinglotsofhigh-fiberfoodscouldreducetheriskofbreastcancerbeforemiddleage.That’sapowerfulmessage.

Thenewfindingisbasedonastudyof44,000women.Theyweresurveyedabouttheirdietsduringhighschool,[14]andtheireatinghabitsweretrackedfortwodecades.Itturnsoutthatthosewhoconsumedthehighestlevelsoffiberduringadolescencehadalowerriskofdevelopingbreastcancer,comparedtothewomenwhoatetheleastfiber.Thisimportantstudydemonstratesthatthemorefiberyoueatduringyourhighschoolyears,theloweryourriskisindevelopingbreastcancerinlaterlife.

[15]Thefindingpointstolongstandingevidencethatfibermayreducecirculatingfemalehormonelevels,whichcouldexplainthereducedrisk.Thebottomlinehereisthemorefiberyoueat,perhaps,alowerlevelofhormoneinyourbody,andtherefore,alowerlifetimeriskofdevelopingbreastcancer.High-fiberdietsarealsolinkedtoareducedriskofheartdiseaseanddiabetes.That’swhywomenaretoldtoeat25gramsoffiberaday—menevenmore.

13.Whatdoesthenewstudytellaboutaddingfibertotheteendiet?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于在青少年飲食中添加纖維，這項(xiàng)新研究告訴了我們什么？錄音開(kāi)頭提及，研究人員表示在青少年的膳食中添加纖維食物可能有助于降低患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“它能幫助人們避免患上乳腺癌”是對(duì)錄音原文的轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它使糖尿病患者早日康復(fù)”利用diabetes設(shè)置干擾，錄音中并沒(méi)有提及相關(guān)的信息；B選項(xiàng)“它的健康效益被高估了”和C選項(xiàng)“其長(zhǎng)期的影響尚待證明”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此排除。

14.Whatdowelearnaboutthesurveyofthe44,000women?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)我們從對(duì)44000名女性的調(diào)查中了解到什么?錄音中提到這項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于一項(xiàng)對(duì)44,000位女性進(jìn)行的調(diào)查。這些女性在中學(xué)時(shí)期就接受了該調(diào)查，而且她們的飲食習(xí)慣被持續(xù)追蹤了20年。因此，A選項(xiàng)“它從青少年時(shí)期就開(kāi)始追蹤她們的飲食習(xí)慣”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它著重研究她們?cè)诶w維攝入量方面與男性的差別”，錄音中并沒(méi)有將男性與女性進(jìn)行對(duì)比，因此不正確；C項(xiàng)“跟蹤她們20年來(lái)對(duì)食品偏好的變化”，錄音只是提及追蹤她們的飲食習(xí)慣，并不是飲食偏好的變化，因此不正確；D選項(xiàng)“它專(zhuān)注于研究她們年輕時(shí)的生活方式”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及，因此可排除。

15.Whatexplanationdoesthespeakerofferfortheresearchfinding?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話(huà)者對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)提供了什么解釋?zhuān)夸浺籼岬?，這一研究發(fā)現(xiàn)指向長(zhǎng)期存在的證據(jù)，即纖維食物可能會(huì)降低女性體內(nèi)的荷爾蒙循環(huán)水平，這就可以解釋為什么高纖維膳食能讓患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低。D選項(xiàng)“纖維可能會(huì)幫助降低人體的荷爾蒙水平”與原文內(nèi)容表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“纖維給女性帶來(lái)的好處比男性要多”；B選項(xiàng)“纖維可改善心肌功能”和C選項(xiàng)“纖維可以使血液循環(huán)更加順暢”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此可排除。

4.單選題

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkersrepresentsnearly145,000socialworkersacrossthecountry.Ourmissionistopromote,protectandadvancethesocialworkprofession.Wehopeyouenjoythisseriesabouthowyoucanmakeadifferencebybecomingasocialworker.Next,wearegoingtotalkaboutchoosingsocialwork.

19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話(huà)者主要談?wù)摰氖鞘裁矗夸浺糸_(kāi)頭就提及：今天我們將討論如何成為一名社會(huì)工作者。社會(huì)工作是助人的職業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)“作為一種職業(yè)的社會(huì)工作”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)工作的歷史”在錄音中并沒(méi)有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)工作申請(qǐng)人所需的學(xué)歷”和D選項(xiàng)“全國(guó)社會(huì)工作者協(xié)會(huì)的目標(biāo)”，雖然在原文中均有所涉及，但并不是談話(huà)人主要談?wù)摰脑?huà)題，因此均可排除。

20.Whatdosocialworkersmainlydo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)社工主要是做什么？說(shuō)話(huà)者在介紹完主題之后，立馬講到：社工的主要任務(wù)是增進(jìn)人類(lèi)福祉，幫助滿(mǎn)足所有人的基本需求，特別關(guān)注弱勢(shì)群體以及受壓迫和生活貧困的人。D選項(xiàng)“他們幫助提高弱勢(shì)群體的福祉”符合原文表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)噲D改變?nèi)藗兊纳鐣?huì)行為”；B選項(xiàng)“他們提高人們的環(huán)境意識(shí)”和C選項(xiàng)“他們?yōu)槭I(yè)者創(chuàng)造很多機(jī)會(huì)”都不是他們主要做的事情，因此排除。

21.Whatdoprofessionalsocialworkershaveincommonaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)者，專(zhuān)業(yè)社會(huì)工作者有什么共同點(diǎn)？錄音提到全國(guó)有60多萬(wàn)的專(zhuān)業(yè)社會(huì)工作者，他們都有社會(huì)工作的學(xué)士學(xué)位、碩士學(xué)位或者博士學(xué)位。也就是說(shuō)，專(zhuān)業(yè)社會(huì)工作者的共同點(diǎn)是都有社會(huì)工作的學(xué)位，因此C選項(xiàng)“他們都有社會(huì)工作學(xué)位”正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)工作他們已大不相同”和D選項(xiàng)“他們都接受過(guò)嚴(yán)格的臨床培訓(xùn)”是利用錄音中的makeadifference和clinically-trained設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)“他們都是國(guó)家協(xié)會(huì)的成員”在錄音中并未提及，因此排除。

22.WhatisMelWilsongoingtotalkaboutintheseries?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)MelWilson將在這個(gè)系列中談?wù)撌裁?？錄音的后半部分提到，稍后在本系列，MelWilson將會(huì)講述在拿到社會(huì)工作的學(xué)位之后的擇業(yè)范圍，以及社會(huì)工作者必須堅(jiān)守的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的責(zé)任。A選項(xiàng)“社工的工作選擇和責(zé)任”是對(duì)錄音原文的概括，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)工作者滿(mǎn)足人們需要的方式”；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)社會(huì)工作者而言培訓(xùn)的重要性”以及D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)工作者社會(huì)地位的提升”均不是MelWilson在本系列要討論的內(nèi)容，因此排除。

5.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.

B.ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.

C.IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.

D.IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.

B.Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy.

C.Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.

D.Thecity’sairportareoutdated.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.

B.Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.

C.Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.

D.Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.

B.Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate.

C.Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.

D.TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutGermany’sdreamairportinBerlin.TheairportlooksexactlylikeeveryothermajormodernairportinEurope,exceptforonebigproblem:morethansevenyearsafteritwasoriginallysupposedtoopen,itstillstandsempty.Germanyisknownforitsefficiencyandrefinedengineering,butwhenitcomestoitsnewghostairportthisreputationcouldnotbefurtherfromthetruth.Plaguedbylongdelays,perpetualmismanagementandever-soaringcosts,[22]theairporthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans—andasourceoffrustrationforlocalpoliticians,businessleadersandresidentsalike.

Planningforthenewairportbeganin1989.Atthetime,itbecameclearthat[23]thenewly-reunifiedBerlinwouldneedamodernairportwithfargreatercapacitythanitsexistingairports.Thecitybrokegroundonthenewairportin2006.Thefirstmajorsignofproblemscameinsummer2010,whentheconstructioncorporationpushedtheopeningfromOctober2011toJune2012.In2012,thecityplannedanopeningceremonybutlessthanamonthbeforehand,inspectorsfoundsignificantproblemswiththefiresafetysystemandpushedtheopeningbackagainto2013.

Itwasn’tjustthesmokesystem:[24]manyothermajorproblemssubsequentlyemerged.Morethan90metresofcablewereincorrectlyinstalled;4,000doorswerewronglynumbered;escalatorsweretooshort,andtherewasashortageofcheck-indesks.

Sowhy,withsomanyproblemsdiscovered,didn’ttheairportcorporationdecidetogiveupontheprojectandstartover?Thereasonissimple:peopleareoftenhesitanttoterminateaprojectwhenthey’vealreadyinvestedtimeorresourcesintoit,evenifitmightmakelogicalsensetodoso.

Thelongerthedelayscontinued,themoreproblemsinspectorsfound.Leadershipoftheplanningcorporationhaschangedhandsnearlyasmanytimesastheopeningdatehasbeenpushedback.Initially,ratherthanappointingageneralcontractortoruntheproject,thecorporationdecidedtomanageitthemselvesdespitelackofexperiencewithanundertakingofthatscale.

Tocompoundthedelays,[25]theunusedairportisresultinginmassivecosts.Everymonthitremainsunopenedcostsbetween9and10millioneuros.

Assumingallgoeswell,theairportshouldopeninOctober2020.Butthestill-emptyairportstandsasthebiggestembarrassmenttoGermany’sreputationforefficiency—andacontinuingdrainoncityandstateresources.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthedreamairportinBerlin?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話(huà)者如何評(píng)價(jià)柏林的夢(mèng)想機(jī)場(chǎng)？說(shuō)話(huà)者提到該機(jī)場(chǎng)成了德國(guó)人的笑話(huà)，因此D選項(xiàng)“這在德國(guó)人中成了一個(gè)笑話(huà)”與錄音原文表述一致。A選項(xiàng)“它現(xiàn)在是歐洲最大最繁忙的機(jī)場(chǎng)”錄音中并沒(méi)有信息提及，并且這個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)尚未竣工，所以A選項(xiàng)可排除；B選項(xiàng)“它是德國(guó)歷史上管理最差的機(jī)場(chǎng)”利用錄音中perpetualmismanagement設(shè)干擾，錄音只是提到機(jī)場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)期管理不善，但無(wú)法知道是不是德國(guó)歷史上最差的，因此排除B選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“它已經(jīng)成為德國(guó)效率的典型象征”，錄音提到德國(guó)因?yàn)樾识劽?，但現(xiàn)在這個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)錯(cuò)漏百出，竣工日期一拖再拖，因此C選項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。

23.WhywasthereaneedforanewairportinBerlin?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)為何柏林需要一個(gè)新機(jī)場(chǎng)？錄音提到，重新統(tǒng)一后的柏林需要一個(gè)比現(xiàn)有機(jī)場(chǎng)容量大得多的現(xiàn)代機(jī)場(chǎng)，說(shuō)明現(xiàn)有機(jī)場(chǎng)的容量對(duì)重新統(tǒng)一后的柏林來(lái)說(shuō)是不夠的，無(wú)法匹配新時(shí)期的需求，也就是說(shuō)“這個(gè)城市的機(jī)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城市想吸引更多游客”和B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城市想要發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)”在錄音中均未提及；C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城市剛剛重新統(tǒng)一”是對(duì)錄音中newly-reunified的斷章取義，“重新統(tǒng)一”只是當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)代背景，表明進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的時(shí)期，但并非計(jì)劃興建新機(jī)場(chǎng)的原因。

24.WhydidBerlinpostponetheopeningofitsdreamairportagainandagain?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)為什么柏林一再推遲其夢(mèng)想機(jī)場(chǎng)的開(kāi)放？錄音提到，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題第一次推遲之后，又發(fā)現(xiàn)消防安全系統(tǒng)存在重大問(wèn)題，接著再推遲，隨后又出現(xiàn)了許多其他的主要問(wèn)題，拖延的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題就越多。因此A選項(xiàng)“各種各樣的問(wèn)題不斷涌現(xiàn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“資金短缺延誤了工程建設(shè)”和C選項(xiàng)“建筑公司違反了合同”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“市政府不斷更換”利用錄音中的changedhands設(shè)干擾，更換的是規(guī)劃公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層，并不是市政府，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

25.Whathappenswhiletheairportremainsunused?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)機(jī)場(chǎng)閑置時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么？錄音提到，閑置的機(jī)場(chǎng)造成了巨大的成本，因此B選項(xiàng)“巨大的維護(hù)成本會(huì)積累起來(lái)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦谋г乖黾印?，錄音中只是提到居民?duì)于機(jī)場(chǎng)的態(tài)度是frustration“沮喪”，并沒(méi)有提到居民的抱怨在增加，因此排除A選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“所有設(shè)備都生銹”和D選項(xiàng)“柏林的旅游業(yè)受到影響”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及。

6.單選題

Hehasneverworriedabouthispropertiesbecausehehas（）themagainstdisastersandtheft.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assured

B.ensured

C.insured

D.secured

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指投保。只有選項(xiàng)C表示投保，所以正確。

7.單選題

Please（）fromsmokinguntiltheaeroplaneisairborne.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.refrain

B.prevent

C.resist

D.restrain

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。refrainfrom克制，抑制，忍?。籶reventfrom阻止，制止；resist一般與to搭配，意為“抵抗，反抗”；restrain的用法為restrainsb.fromdoingsth.,意為“阻止某人做某事”。這里指克制住抽煙的沖動(dòng)，所以選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Rightinthemiddleofthemayor'sspeechthatbroughtforthvariousreasonsfortherecentsharpriseinprices,anangryvoicewasheardinthecrowd,“thegovernment（

）hanged!”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.was

C.be

D.were

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：在市長(zhǎng)的演講期間，他提出了價(jià)格最近急劇上漲的原因。人群中傳來(lái)憤怒的聲音：“政府應(yīng)該被絞死”。此處考查的是省略了should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,因此后面要用be，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Fashionissomethingwedealwitheveryday.Evenpeoplewhosaytheydon'tcarewhattheywearchooseclotheseverymorningthensayalotaboutthemandhowtheyfeelthatday.

Onecertainthinginthefashionworldischange.Weareconstantlybeingshoweredwithnewfashionideasfrommusic,videos,books,andtelevision.Moviesalsohaveabigimpactonwhatpeoplewear.Ray-BansoldmoresunglassesafterthemovieMeninBlack.Sometimesafashionisworldwide.Backinthe1950s,teenagerseverywheredressedlikeElvisPresley.

Fashionandstylesrevealwhatgroupspeoplearein,buttheyalsocreatestereotypesanddistancebetweengroups.Forinstance,abusinessmanmightlookataboywithgreenhairandpiercingsasanoutsider.Buttoanotherperson,hedressesacertainwaytodeliverthemessageofrebellionandseparation,butwithinthatgroupthelookisuniform.Theacceptanceorrejectionofastyleisareactiontothesocietywelivein.

Fashionisalanguagewhichtellsastoryaboutthepersonwhowearsit.“Clothescreatewordlessmeansofcommunicationthatweallunderstand,”accordingtoKatherineHamnett,atopBritishfashiondesigner.HamnettbecamepopularwhenherT-shirtswithlargemessageslike“ChooseLife”werewornbyseveralrockbands.

Fashionisanendlesspopularitycontest.Highfashionisthestyleofasmallgroupofmenandwomenwithacertaintasteandauthorityinthefashionworld.Peopleofwealthandposition,buyersformajordepartmentstores,editorsandwritersforfashionmagazinesareallpartofhighfashion.Someoftheseexpensiveandoftenartisticfashionsmaytriumphandbecomethefashionforthelargermajority.Moststayontherunway.

Popularfashionsareclosetoimpossibletotrace.NoonecantellhowtheshortskirtsandbootswornbyteenagersinEnglandin1960madeittotherunwaysofParisorhowbluejeansbecamesopopularintheU.S.,orhowhip-hopmadeitfromthestreetofBronxtothefashionshowsofLondonandMilan.

“Intheperspectiveofcostumehistory,itisplainthatthedressofanygivenperiodisexactlysuitedtotheactualclimateofthetime.”accordingtoJamesLaver,anotedEnglishcostumehistorian.Howdidbell-bottomjeansfadeintothedesignerjeansandbootslookofthe1980sintothebaggylookofthe1990s?Nobodyreallyknows.

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theexamplethatteenagerseverywheredressedlikeElvisPresleyinthe1950sshowsthat（）

2.Aboywithgreenhairandmultiplepiercings（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedamongpopularfashions?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueoffashionintermsofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisconstantchangeinthefashionworld

B.starssetworld-widetrendsinfashion

C.fashionissomethingwedealwitheveryday

D.teenagerscanshowthemselvesoffwithwhattheyarewearing

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mightbelookeddownuponbyabusinessman

B.deliversthemessageofrebellionandseparationtoallthepeople

C.managestorevealthathisstyleisunique

D.mightbeacceptedbysomepeopleinthesociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Shortboots.

B.Baggyskirts.

C.Hip-hop.

D.Bell-bottomjeans.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplecangetsomeideasofapersonbythefashionhewears.

B.Mostofexpensiveandartisticfashionsfailtobepopularwithcommonpeople.

C.Thefashionworldischaracterizedbyconstantchanges.

D.Popularfashionsareofgreathelptotracecostumehistory.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theexamplethatteenagerseverywheredressedlikeElvisPresleyinthe1950sshowsthat______.1.根據(jù)第二段，20世紀(jì)50年代各地的青少年都穿得像貓王一樣的例子表明______。

A.thereisconstantchangeinthefashionworldA.時(shí)尚界一直在變化

B.starssetworld-widetrendsinfashionB.明星引領(lǐng)全球時(shí)尚潮流

C.fashionissomethingwedealwitheverydayC.時(shí)尚是我們每天都要面對(duì)的事情

D.teenagerscanshowthemselvesoffwithwhattheyarewearingD.青少年可以通過(guò)他們的穿著來(lái)炫耀自己

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由題干的關(guān)鍵詞ElvisPresley定位到第二段“時(shí)尚界有一件事是肯定的，那就是變化。我們不斷從音樂(lè)、視頻、書(shū)籍和電視中獲得新的時(shí)尚理念。電影對(duì)人們的穿著也有很大的影響?！逗谝氯恕飞嫌澈?，雷朋太陽(yáng)鏡銷(xiāo)量增加。有時(shí)候一種時(shí)尚是世界性的。20世紀(jì)50年代，世界各地的青少年都穿得像貓王?！保@一段是說(shuō)時(shí)尚的三個(gè)特點(diǎn)，變化，電影的影響，世界性；貓王是美國(guó)著名搖滾明星，他的例子放在第三個(gè)，舉例說(shuō)明明星的影響可以讓全世界的人都追求同一種時(shí)尚。B項(xiàng)“明星引領(lǐng)全球時(shí)尚潮流”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚界一直在變化”在第二段第一句提到“時(shí)尚界有一件事是肯定的，那就是變化”，結(jié)合解題思路可知，與題干無(wú)關(guān)，張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚是我們每天都要面對(duì)的事情”在第一段第一句提到“時(shí)尚是我們每天都要面對(duì)的事情”，也與題干無(wú)關(guān)，張冠李戴；

D項(xiàng)“青少年可以通過(guò)他們的穿著來(lái)炫耀自己”在原文沒(méi)有相關(guān)表述，無(wú)中生有。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Aboywithgreenhairandmultiplepiercings______.2.一個(gè)長(zhǎng)著綠色頭發(fā)、穿了多個(gè)洞的男孩______。

A.mightbelookeddownuponbyabusinessmanA.可能會(huì)被商人看不起

B.deliversthemessageofrebellionandseparationtoallthepeopleB.向所有人傳達(dá)叛逆和離間的信息

C.managestorevealthathisstyleisuniqueC.成功地展示了他的獨(dú)特風(fēng)格

D.mightbeacceptedbysomepeopleinthesocietyD.可能會(huì)被社會(huì)上一些人接受

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段中間兩句“一個(gè)商人可能會(huì)把一個(gè)長(zhǎng)著綠色頭發(fā)和穿洞的男孩看作局外人。但對(duì)另一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他的著裝方式傳達(dá)了反叛和分離的信息，在這個(gè)群體中，他的著裝是一致的?！保芍?，留著綠色頭發(fā)和身上多處穿孔的男孩不被商人所接納，但對(duì)于另一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，他用這樣的方法表達(dá)他的叛逆和隔離，在這個(gè)群體里大家和他都一樣。也就是說(shuō)即使怪異也會(huì)被另一些人所接受，D選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)被社會(huì)上一些人接受”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)被商人看不起”中的lookdownupon（看不起）與原文中的asanoutsider（看作局外人）不符合，曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“向所有人傳達(dá)叛逆和離間的信息”由第三段倒數(shù)第二句的toanotherperson（對(duì)另一個(gè)人）可知，是對(duì)少數(shù)人即能理解這種穿著的人才能傳遞出反叛和分離的信息，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“成功地展示了他的獨(dú)特風(fēng)格”沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)，無(wú)中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedamongpopularfashions?3.下列哪一種不屬于流行時(shí)尚？

A.Shortboots.A.短靴。

B.Baggyskirts.B.寬松的裙子。

C.Hip-hop.C.嘻哈風(fēng)格。

D.Bell-bottomjeans.D.喇叭牛仔褲。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句“沒(méi)有人能說(shuō)出1960年英國(guó)青少年穿的短裙和靴子是如何在巴黎的跑道上流行的，或者牛仔褲是如何在美國(guó)如此流行的，或者嘻哈是如何從布朗克斯的街頭流行到倫敦和米蘭的時(shí)裝秀的”，從中可知，只有B選項(xiàng)“寬松的裙子”在文中沒(méi)有提及。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“短靴”和C項(xiàng)“嘻哈風(fēng)格”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這兩項(xiàng)屬于流行時(shí)尚，反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“喇叭牛仔褲”在最后一段倒數(shù)第二句提到“喇叭褲（bell-bottomjeans）是如何從20世紀(jì)80年代的設(shè)計(jì)師牛仔褲和靴子風(fēng)格變成90年代的寬松風(fēng)格的呢？”，可知該項(xiàng)也屬于流行時(shí)尚，反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueoffashionintermsofthispassage?4.就這篇文章而言，下列哪一項(xiàng)關(guān)于時(shí)尚是不正確的？

A.Peoplecangetsomeideasofapersonbythefashionhewears.A.人們可以通過(guò)一個(gè)人的穿著來(lái)了解他。

B.Mostofexpensiveandartisticfashionsfailtobepopularwithcommonpeople.B.大多數(shù)昂貴而有藝術(shù)感的時(shí)裝并沒(méi)有受到普通人的歡迎。

C.Thefashionworldischaracterizedbyconstantchanges.C.時(shí)尚界的特點(diǎn)是不斷變化。

D.Popularfashionsareofgreathelptotracecostumehistory.D.流行時(shí)裝對(duì)追溯服裝歷史有很大幫助。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“時(shí)尚流行幾乎不可能被追蹤（Popularfashionsareclosetoimpossibletotrace）”，可知，時(shí)尚流行幾乎不能被追蹤，那就是說(shuō)流行時(shí)裝不可能對(duì)溯源服裝歷史有幫助，D選項(xiàng)“流行時(shí)裝對(duì)追溯服裝歷史有很大幫助”與原文的表述意義相反。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“人們可以通過(guò)一個(gè)人的穿著來(lái)了解他”在第三段第一句話(huà)有提到“時(shí)尚和風(fēng)格揭示了人們屬于哪個(gè)群體”，可知該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)昂貴而有藝術(shù)感的時(shí)裝并沒(méi)有受到普通人的歡迎”根據(jù)第五段最后兩句“其中一些昂貴的藝術(shù)時(shí)尚可能會(huì)成功，成為大多數(shù)人的時(shí)尚。大多數(shù)都留在T臺(tái)上了?！?，可知該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚界的特點(diǎn)是不斷變化”根據(jù)第二段的第一句“時(shí)尚界有一件事是肯定的，那就是變化”，可知該項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

10.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Radiowaves.

B.Soundwaves.

C.Robots.

D.Satellites.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaybefreezingfastbeneaththeglacier.

B.Itmayhavemicro-organismslivinginit.

C.Itmayhavecertainraremineralsinit.

D.Itmaybeasdeepasfourkilometers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Helpunderstandlifeinfreezingconditions.

B.Helpfindnewsourcesoffreshwater.

C.Provideinformationaboutotherplanets.

D.Shedlightonpossiblelifeinouterspace.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】PassageOne

WhilesomescientistsexplorethesurfaceofAntarctica,othersarelearningmoreaboutagiantbodyofwater4kilometersbeneaththeicepack.[9]ScientistsfirstdiscoveredLakeVostokinthe1970sbyusingradiowavesthatpenetratetheice.Sincethentheyhaveusedsoundwavesandevensatellitestomapthismassivebodyofwater.HowdoesthewaterinLakeVostokremainliquidbeneathanicesheet?Thethickglacieraboveactslikeaninsulatingblanketandkeepsthewaterfromfreezing,saysMartinSiegert,aglaciologistfromtheUniversityofWales.Inaddition,geothermalheatfromdeepwithintheEarthmaywarmthehiddenlake.[10]Thescientistssuspectthatmicro-organismsmaybelivinginLakeVostok,closedofffromtheoutsideworldformorethan2millionyears.Anythingfoundtherewillbetotallyalientowhat’sonthesurfaceofEarth,saysSiegert.Scientistsaretryingtofindawaytodrillintotheiceanddrawwatersampleswithoutcausingcontamination.Again,robotsmightbethesolution.Ifallgoesasplanned,adrill-shapedrobotwillmeltthroughthesurfaceice.Whenitreachesthelake,itwillreleaseanotherrobotthatcanswiminthelake,takepictures,andlookforsignsoflife.[11]Thescientistshopetheirdiscoverieswillshedlightonlifeinouterspace,whichmightexistinsimilardarkandairlessconditions.Recently,close-uppicturesofJupiter’smoon,Europa,showedsignsofwaterbeneathitsicysurface.OncetestedinAntarctica,robotscouldbesenttoEuropatosearchforlifetheretoo.

9.WhatdidscientistsfirstusetodiscoverLakeVostokinthe1970s?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)科學(xué)家最先用什么在20世紀(jì)70年代發(fā)現(xiàn)沃斯托克湖？錄音開(kāi)頭提到，科學(xué)家在20世紀(jì)70年代首次利用能穿透冰層的無(wú)線(xiàn)電波發(fā)現(xiàn)了沃斯托克湖，因此A選項(xiàng)“無(wú)線(xiàn)電波”正確。B選項(xiàng)“聲波”和D選項(xiàng)“衛(wèi)星”是科學(xué)家在發(fā)現(xiàn)沃斯托克湖之后在地圖上繪制該湖時(shí)所使用的手段，因此排除；C選項(xiàng)“機(jī)器人”，錄音說(shuō)的是科學(xué)家想使用機(jī)器人獲取沃斯托克湖的水樣，并不是發(fā)現(xiàn)沃斯托克湖的工具，因此也可排除。

10.WhatdoscientiststhinkaboutLakeVostok?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)的是科學(xué)家對(duì)沃斯托克湖的看法。錄音提到，科學(xué)家懷疑沃斯托克湖可能有微生物存在，B選項(xiàng)“它可能有微生物存在”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A項(xiàng)“在冰川下，它可能迅速結(jié)冰”，錄音中提到，冰川像隔熱毯，能防止水結(jié)冰（keepsthewaterfromfreezing），因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“它可能含有某些稀有的礦物質(zhì)”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“它可能深達(dá)4千米”，利用錄音開(kāi)頭的4kilometersbeneaththeicepack設(shè)置干擾，錄音說(shuō)的是沃斯托克湖在大片浮冰下4千米處，并不是說(shuō)沃斯托克湖深達(dá)4千米，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

11.Whatdothescientistshopetheirdiscoverieswilldo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)科學(xué)家希望他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)能起到什么作用？錄音提到，科學(xué)家希望這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于了解外太空的生命（shedlightonlifeinouterspace），D選項(xiàng)“了解外太空可能存在的生命”是錄音原文的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“幫助了解冰凍環(huán)境中的生命”和B選項(xiàng)“幫助尋找新的淡水資源”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及