2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)19

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Everystreethadastory,everybuildingamemory.Thoseblessedwithwonderfulchildhoodscandrivethestreetsoftheirhometownsandhappilyrollbacktheyears.Therestarepulledhomebydutyandleaveassoonaspossible.AfterRayAtleehadbeeninClanton(hishometown)forfifteenminuteshewasanxioustogetout.

Thetownhadchanged,butthenithadn't.Onthehighwaysleadingin,thecheapmetalbuildingsandmobilehomesweregatheringastightlyaspossiblenexttotheroadsformaximumvisibility.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners,nothing.Onlyhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequiredapprovalsandpaperwork.Theresultwasaslash-and-buildclutterthatgotuglierbytheyear.

Butintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatall.ThelongshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenRayroamedthemonhisbike.Mostofthehouseswerestillownedbypeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpassedonthenewownerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.Onlyafewwerebeingneglected.Ahandfulhadbeenabandoned.

ThisdeepinBiblecountry,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownthatlittlewasdoneonSundaysexceptgotochurch,sitonporches,visitneighbours,restandrelaxthewayGodintended.

Itwascloudy,quitecoolforMay,andashetouredhisoldturf,killingtimeuntiltheappointedhourforthefamilymeeting,hetriedtodwellonthegoodmemoriesfromClanton.TherewasDizzyDeanParkwherehehadplayedlittleLeagueforthePirates,andtherewasthepublicpoolhe'dswumineverysummerexcept1969whenthecitycloseditratherthanadmitblackchildren.Therewerethechurches-Baptist.MethodistandPresbyterian-facingeachotherattheintersectionofSecondandElmlikewarysentries,theirsteeplescompetingforheight.Theywereemptynow.butinanhourorsothemorefaithfulwouldgatherforeveningservices.

Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.Witheightthousandpeople,Clantonwasjustlargeenoughtohaveattractedthediscountstoresthathadwipedoutsomanysmalltowns.Butherethepeoplehadbeenfaithfultotheirdowntownmerchants,andtherewasn'tasingleemptyorboarded-upbuildingaroundthesquare—nosmallmiracle.Theretailshopsweremixedinwiththebanksandlawofficesandcafes,allclosedfortheSabbath.

HeinchedthroughthecemeteryandsurveyedtheAtleesectionintheoldpart,wherethetombstonesweregander.Someofhisancestorshadbuiltmonumentsfortheirdead.Rayhadalwaysassumedthatthefamilymoneyhe'dneverseenmusthavebeenburiedinthosegraves.Heparkedandwalkedtohismother'sgrave,somethinghehadn'tdoneinyears.ShewasburiedamongtheAtlees,atthefaredgeofthefamilyplotbecauseshehadbarelybelonged.

Soon,inlessthananhour,hewouldbesittinginhisfather'sstudy,sippingbadinstantteaandreceivinginstructionsonexactlyhowhisfatherwouldbelaidtorest.Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,manydecreesanddirections,becausehisfather(whousedtobeajudge)wasagreatmanandcareddeeplyabouthowhewastoberemembered.

Movingagain,Raypassedthewatertowerhe'dclimbedtwice,thesecondtimewiththeDolicewairingbelow.Hegrimacedathisoldhighschool,aplacehe'dnevervisitedsincehe'dleftit.BehinditwasthefootballfieldwherehisbrotherForresthadrompedoveropponentsandalmostbecamefamousbeforegeeingbouncedofftheteam.

Itwastwentyminutesbeforefive,Sunday,May7.Timeforthefamilymeeting.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoesNOTdescribeRay'shometown?

3.FromthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweenRayandhisparentswas

（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatRay'sfatherwasallEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Raycherishedhischildhoodmemories

B.Rayhadsomethingurgenttotakecareof

C.Raymaynothaveahappychildhood

D.Raycannotrememberhischildhooddays

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lifeless

B.Religious

C.Traditional

D.Quiet

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.close

B.remote

C.tense

D.impossibletotell

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.considerate

B.punctual

C.thrifty

D.dominant.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“每一條街道都有一個(gè)故事，造就一段回憶。那些擁有美好的童年的人能夠隨著街道回到家鄉(xiāng)，回到那些快樂的時(shí)光。而剩下的人則是由于責(zé)任返回家鄉(xiāng)，然后盡可能快的離開。RayAtlee在他的家鄉(xiāng)克林頓待了15分鐘后，迫不及待的想要離開。”由此可推斷，RayAtlee很明顯屬于第二類人，說明他沒有快樂的童年，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第六段首句“Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“在這個(gè)圣經(jīng)國(guó)度的深處，星期天除了去教堂、坐在門廊上、拜訪鄰居、按照神的旨意休息和放松外，幾乎什么也不做，這在鎮(zhèn)上還是不成文的規(guī)矩。”可知選項(xiàng)B符合原文；根據(jù)第二段三四句“Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners,nothing.這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)沒有任何的區(qū)域劃分。土地所有者可以在沒有許可證、沒有檢查、沒有通知毗鄰?fù)恋厮姓叩那闆r下建造任何東西，什么都不做。”由此可推斷，這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)是傳統(tǒng)的，選項(xiàng)C正確；只有選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選D。

3.判斷推斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“Heparkedandwalkedtohismother'sgrave,somethinghehadn'tdoneinyears.他停好車之后走到母親的墳?zāi)骨?，這是他多年來從未做過的事?！币约暗箶?shù)第三段“...sippingbadinstantteaandreceivinginstructionsonexactlyhowhisfatherwouldbelaidtorest.Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,manydecreesanddirections,...他一邊喝著劣質(zhì)的速溶茶，一邊接受有關(guān)如何安葬他父親的指示。又即將給予許多命令、規(guī)定和指示...”說明父親對(duì)他的嚴(yán)厲。由此可推斷，Ray和他父母的關(guān)系是疏遠(yuǎn)的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itwastwentyminutesbeforefive,Sunday,May7.Timeforthefamilymeeting.”根據(jù)家庭會(huì)議的時(shí)間可推測(cè)出Ray的父親很守時(shí)，選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段提及的父親書房里的劣質(zhì)速溶茶“badinstanttea”可推測(cè)他的父親很節(jié)儉；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句“Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,manydecreesanddirections,becausehisfather(whousedtobeajudge)wasagreatmanandcareddeeplyabouthowhewastoberemembered.”可推斷出他的父親占主導(dǎo)地位，選項(xiàng)D正確；只有選項(xiàng)A在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

2.單選題

Ifoundtherewasalotof（

）theftinthisarea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.petty

B.pretty

C.major

D.peril

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)petty“瑣碎的，小規(guī)模的”；B選項(xiàng)pretty“漂亮的”；C選項(xiàng)major“主要的”；D選項(xiàng)peril“危及，置...于險(xiǎn)境”。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)地區(qū)有很多小規(guī)模的偷盜行為。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

3.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Thecompromiseallegeddistastefultothosewhoarereservedastotheworthofarbitrationisnotthe"honorific"type.Properly,itisthe"invidiouscompromise."Thismeansnotconsideringthemeritsofthematter,butrecognizingtheouterlimitsandsplittingthedifference.Thiswouldbeanimproperuseofanarbitrator'spowers.Whereitoccurs,arbitrationfails.

Anexamplemayservetodistinguishbetweenthedistasteful"invidiouscompromise"andtheseeming"honorificcompromise"thatmayariseinanarbitration.Theassumedmatterconcernsabuyer,whocontractedforcertaingoods,whichhereceived,butwhichhebelievesareinferiorfromtheorderedmerchandise.Hecanusethegoods,butbelievesthefullpriceshouldnotbepaid.Heopinesthatapriceallowanceofonedollarperunitshouldbemade.Themanufacturer-sellerdisputestheclaimofinferiority.Inanarbitrationhearingthearbitratormayfindtherewasadeficiency,butnottotheextentclaimed.Forreasonsofthefactspresented,hemayawarda50%perunitreduction,or50centsperunitallowance,inacompromise,thatisthe"invidiouscompromise",thedecisionwouldnotconsiderthefacts,butwouldconsideronlythewishtoresolvethematter.An"invidiouscompromise"awardatthesame50%perunitreductionwouldbearnorelationtothedegreeofinferiorityandpotentialofuse.Thepurposeofarbitrationisnottopleaseallpartiestosomeextent;itistoreachadecisionwithdueregardtoallfactsandcircumstancespresentedintheHearing.

【答案】對(duì)那些對(duì)仲裁價(jià)值持保留意見的人來說，所謂的令人反感的妥協(xié)不是“尊敬的妥協(xié)”。確切的說，它是“不公正的妥協(xié)”。這意味著不考慮事情的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但卻認(rèn)識(shí)到外在限制且拆分這其中的區(qū)別。這便是仲裁人權(quán)利的不當(dāng)使用。一旦這種情況出現(xiàn)，仲裁就會(huì)失敗。

一個(gè)例子可以區(qū)分可能發(fā)生于仲裁時(shí)的令人反感的“不公正的妥協(xié)”和看上去“尊敬的妥協(xié)”。假定事關(guān)一個(gè)用合約訂購(gòu)了某種商品的買家，盡管收到了商品，但他認(rèn)為這些商品比訂購(gòu)的質(zhì)量差。盡管他可以使用這些商品，但是他認(rèn)為自己不應(yīng)該付全款。他認(rèn)為每單位該商品應(yīng)該給1美元的補(bǔ)貼。但廠商即賣家質(zhì)疑產(chǎn)品劣質(zhì)的聲稱。在仲裁吋，仲裁人可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)該商品有缺陷，但沒有達(dá)到買家聲稱的程度。鑒于提出的事實(shí)的原因，他可能裁決會(huì)每單位50%的降價(jià)或每單位50美分的補(bǔ)貼。在妥協(xié)里，這就屬于“不公正的妥協(xié)”，仲裁決定沒有考慮事實(shí)，而僅考慮去解決問題的愿望。一個(gè)裁決給予同樣每單位減少50%的“不公正的妥協(xié)”與產(chǎn)品缺陷度和可用度不會(huì)有關(guān)系。仲裁的目的不是去在某種程度上取悅每一方，而是去充分考慮聽證會(huì)上提出的所有事實(shí)和情況而做出決定。

4.單選題

Sleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcastordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilesWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thephenomenonofsleepiscommontowhichofthefollowinggroupsoflivingbeings?

2.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimalsleeps（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat,becausetherearenohidingplacesintheoceans,whalesanddolphins

（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat,iftheydidnotsleep,babiesofhuntinganimalsmight（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.All-ancientanimals.

B.Primatesonly.

C.Four-fooledbeastsonly.

D.Mostmammalsandbirds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.withoutmoving

B.shallowly

C.intermittently

D.onitsside

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sleeponlywhentheyareveryyoung

B.cannotaffordtosleepverymuch

C.usuallydreamwhileawake

D.taketurnssleeping

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bemoreawareofdanger

B.makenoiseatthewrongtimes

C.failtogrowproperly

D.beabletocatchmorefood

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.腦電圖顯示，我們和所有的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物以及幾乎所有其他的哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥類都會(huì)睡覺。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.在睡夢(mèng)中，動(dòng)物被強(qiáng)有力地固定住，對(duì)外界刺激毫無反應(yīng)?！彼赃x項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“whalesanddolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.或許關(guān)于睡眠原始功能的一個(gè)有力暗示發(fā)現(xiàn)了“海豚、鯨魚和水生哺乳動(dòng)物似乎總是睡得很少”這一事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)二三句“Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.”那些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安靜的動(dòng)物，在危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)刻，會(huì)被睡眠這一無法緩和的武器固定住。這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于幼小的食肉動(dòng)物來說似乎特別明顯。也就是說，幼小的食肉動(dòng)物在危險(xiǎn)時(shí)刻無法保持安靜，即在不恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)發(fā)出聲音，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.單選題

Hisparentsgavehimmanyexpensivetoysassomeformof（

）forhislamenessandinabilitytoplayactivegames.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remedy

B.compensation

C.treatment

D.comfort

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)remedy“補(bǔ)救”；B選項(xiàng)compensation“補(bǔ)償，報(bào)酬”；C選項(xiàng)treatment“治療，處理”；D選項(xiàng)comfort“安慰，舒適”。句意：他的父母給了他許多昂貴的玩具，作為他跛腳而不能玩活動(dòng)類游戲的某種補(bǔ)償。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

Noverysatisfactoryaccountofthemechanismthatcausedtheformationoftheoceanbasinshasyetbeengiven.Thetraditionalviewsupposesthattheuppermantleoftheearthbehavesasaliquidwhenitissubjectedtosmallforcesforlongperiodsandthatdifferencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinentsaresufficienttoproduceconvectioninthemantleoftheearthwithrisingconvectioncurrentsunderthemidoceanridgesandsinkingcurrentsunderthecontinents.Theoretically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplatesalongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbeltandwouldprovidetheforcesneededtoproducethesplitthatoccursalongtheridge.Thisviewmaybecorrect;ithastheadvantagethatthecurrentsaredrivenbytemperaturedifferencesthatthemselvesdependonthepositionofthecontinents.Suchabackcoupling,inwhichthepositionofthemovingplatehasanimpactontheforcesthatmoveit,couldproducecomplicatedandvaryingmotions.

Ontheotherhand,thetheoryisimplausiblebecauseconvectiondoesnotnormallyoccuralonglines,anditcertainlydoesnotoccuralonglinesbrokenbyfrequentoffsetsorchangesindirection,astheridgeis.AlsoitisdifficulttoseehowthetheoryappliestotheplatebetweentheMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheridgeintheIndianOcean.Thisplateisgrowingonbothsides,andsincethereisonintermediatetrenchthetworidgesmustbemovingapart.Itwouldbeoddiftherisingconvectioncurrentskeptexactpacewiththem.Atlantictheoryisthatthesinkingpartoftheplate,whichisdenserthanthehottersurroundingmantle,pullstherestoftheplateafterit.AgainitisdifficulttoseehowthisappliestotheridgeintheSouthAtlantic,whereneithertheAfricannortheAmericanplatehasasinkingpart.

Anotherpossibilityisthatthesinkingplatecoolstheneighboringmantleandproducesconvectioncurrentsthatmovetheplates.Thislasttheoryisattractivebecauseitgivessomehopeofexplainingtheenclosedseas,suchastheSeaofJapan.Theseseashaveatypicaloceanicfloor,exceptthatthefloorisoverlaidbyseveralkilometersofsediment.TheirFloorshaveprobablybeensinkingforlongperiods.Itseemspossiblethatasinkingcurrentofcooledmantlematerialontheuppersideoftheplatemightbethecauseofsuchdeepbasins.Theenclosedseasareanimportantfeatureoftheearth’ssurfaceandseriouslyrequireexplanationbecause,inadditiontotheenclosedseasthataredevelopingatpresentbehindislandarcs;thereareanumberofolderonesofpossiblysimilarorigin;suchastheGulfofMexico,theBlackSea.andperhapsthenNorthSea.

1.Accordingtothetraditionalviewoftheoriginoftheoceanbasins,whichofthefollowingissufficienttomovethecontinentalplates?

2.Theauthorreferstoa“conveyorbelt”(Lines5,Para.1)inorderto（

）.

3.Theauthorregardsthetraditionalviewoftheoriginoftheoceanbasin

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingareseparatedbyaplatethatisgrowingonbothsides?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Spreadingofoceantrenches.

B.Movementofmid-oceanridges.

C.Sinkingofoceanbasins.

D.Differencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinents.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheeffectsofconvectioninthemantle.

B.showhowtemperaturedifferencesdependonthepositionsofthecontinent

C.demonstratethelinearoftheMidAtlanticRidge

D.describethecomplicatedmotionsmadepossiblybybackcoupling

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.guardedskepticism

B.absoluteindifference

C.indignantanger

D.completedisbelief

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ThePacificOceanandtheSeaofJapan.

B.TheSouthAtlanticRidgeandtheNorthSeaRidge.

C.TheGulfofMexicoandtheSouthAtlanticRidge.

D.TheMidAtlanticRidgeandtheIndianOceanRidge

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Thetraditionalviewsupposesthat…underthecontinents.傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，當(dāng)?shù)厍虻纳系蒯ｉL(zhǎng)時(shí)間受到微力的作用會(huì)變成液體，以及海洋和大陸的溫差在地球的地幔中足以產(chǎn)生對(duì)流，海洋中脊下的對(duì)流上升，大陸下的對(duì)流下降?！庇纱丝芍?，是海洋與大陸的溫差造成了板塊的移動(dòng)，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“conveyorbelt”定位到第一段第三句“Theoretically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplatesalongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbeltandwouldprovidetheforcesneededtoproducethesplitthatoccursalongtheridge.理論上來說，這種對(duì)流會(huì)帶動(dòng)大陸板塊，就像在傳送帶上一樣，并提供洋脊產(chǎn)生分裂所需的動(dòng)力。”由此可知，作者把對(duì)流運(yùn)動(dòng)比喻成傳送帶，是為了說明對(duì)流運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文中所提及的“Thisviewmaybecorrect”以及“Ontheotherhand,thetheoryisimplausible（難以置信的）…”說明作者對(duì)傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度是持保留意見的懷疑，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“growingonbothsides”定位到第二段第三句“Thisplateisgrowingonbothsides.”這里的“this”即上文提及的“theMid-AtlanticRidgeandtheridgeintheIndianOcean”，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

Electronictrash,knownase-waste,ispilingupfasterthaneverinAmericanhomesandbusinesses.Peopledonotknowwhattodowitholdtelevisionsorcomputerssotheythrowtheminthetrash.

NationalSolidWastesManagementAssociationstateprogramsdirectorChazMillersaysthelargeamountofelectronicwasteAmericansgenerateisnotunexpected.“Wehavesomanyelectronicproductsthat“weuse”,saidMiller.“Theyarebeingfarmorewidelydistributedthroughoutthepopulationofthecountryandtheytendtohaverelativelyshortlifespans.Cellphonesthatlasttwoorthreeyears,computersthatlastmaybetwoorthreeyearsbeforetheygetreplaced.”

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatesmorethan400millionconsumerelectronicitemsaredumpedeachyear,andthereisapushbymorestatestobanthewastefromgarbagedumpsandcreaterecyclingprograms.

Forexample,asquicklyasoldelectronicsarriveatarecyclingfacilityinBaltimore,Maryland,theyaretornapartandsortedforusableparts.PlantmanagerMikeFannonsayse-wastehereisresoldtoothercompaniesthatfurtherbreakdownthecomponentsthatarevaluable.“Therearealotofvaluablemetalsthatcanberecoveredandreusedasopposedtojustputtingtheminthegarbagedump,andincertaincomponentstherearesomematerialsthatshouldnotreallybedumpedinthegarbagedump,Fannonexplained.Nearly20percentofelectronicwasteisrecyclednationwide.Goingback1.3years,itwasonlyaboutsixpercent.Recyclingratescontinuetoriseasmorecommunitieshavebannedelectronicsfromgarbagedumpsinanefforttokeepe-wastetoxins(毒素，毒質(zhì))，likeleadandmercuryoutofgarbagedumps.Manyplaceshavesetupfreedrop-offsiteswherepeoplecanbringolditemsforrecycling.FannonsayssomeitemslikeoldelectroniccircuitboardswillgetshippedtoCanada,while,otherpartswillbeshippedtocountriesinAsia.“Thesewillgooffactuallytoacoppersmelterwhereworkerswillrecovercopperwithinthecircuitboardaswellaspreciousmetalsthatareontheboard’’,addedFannon.“Thereisgoldplatingonalotofthematerial.Thereissilver.Soallthosepreciousmetalsarerecoveredinadditiontothecopper.’’

ThisyearseveralstateslikeVermontimposedabanonelectronicwasteingarbagedumps.Morecanbedonetoboostelectronicwasterecycling.

WastemanagementanalystssayU.S.facilitiescansafelyrecycleitems.Environmentalistsmaintaintheycanreducetheamountofelectronicwasteingarbagedumpsnowbyraisingconsumerawarenessaboutthebestwaystorecyclee-waste.

1.WhyistheresomuchelectronicwasteinAmerica?

2.AccordingtoEPA,whathelpstoreducethedumpede-waste?

3.WhatistherightwaytorecycletheoldelectronicsaccordingtoFannon?

4.AccordingtoFannon,whatpreciousmetalcanpeoplegetfromusedcircuitboard?

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseithasnovaluetoberecycled

B.BecauseAmericansdon'tknowhowtorecycleit.

C.BecauseAmericansloveelectronicitemsmorethanothersdo

D.Becauseelectronicitemsarewidelyusedandfallintodisuseeasily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thebanofe-wastefromgarbagedumps

B.ArecyclingfacilityinBaltimore.

C.Theshipmentofe-wastetoothercountries.

D.Anadvancedtechnologytomakee-products

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dumpthemintothegarbagedump

B.Tearthemapartathomeforvaluablematerials.

C.Leavetheminfreedrop-offsitesforrecycling

D.Burythemundergrounddirectly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Iron

B.Mercury

C.Gold

D.Lead

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleshouldtrytouseaslesselectronicproductsaspossible

B.Peoplecandealwiththeelectronicwasteinasafeway

C.Thegovernmentcandonearlynothinginfrontoftheelectronicwaste

D.Peoplearehelplessinfrontofelectronicwaste

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容可知，美國(guó)人產(chǎn)生的大量電子垃圾并不出人意料。我們有很多電子產(chǎn)品在使用，它們?cè)谌珖?guó)人口中分布得更為廣泛，而且電子產(chǎn)品的壽命往往相對(duì)較短。由此可推測(cè)，之所以有這么多電子垃圾，是因?yàn)殡娮赢a(chǎn)品被廣泛使用，而且容易廢棄。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“EPA”定位到第三段“TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatesmorethan400millionconsumerelectronicitemsaredumpedeachyear,andthereisapushbymorestatestobanthewastefromgarbagedumpsandcreaterecyclingprograms.美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)局估計(jì)，美國(guó)每年有4億多件消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品被傾倒，越來越多的州正在推動(dòng)禁止傾倒垃圾，并建立回收項(xiàng)目。”由此可知，幫助減少電子垃圾傾倒是因?yàn)楦髦萃菩械慕箖A倒垃圾，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Fannon”定位到第四段第二句“PlantmanagerMikeFannonsayse-wastehereisresoldtoothercompaniesthatfurtherbreakdownthecomponentsthatarevaluable.工廠經(jīng)理MikeFannon說，這里的電子垃圾被轉(zhuǎn)售給其他公司，進(jìn)一步拆分出有價(jià)值的組件?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“‘Thereisgoldplatingonalotofthematerial.Thereissilver.Soallthosepreciousmetalsarerecoveredinadditiontothecopper.’‘很多材料上都鍍了金，以及銀。所以除了銅以外，所有這些貴重金屬都能被重新找到?！?。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“廢物管理分析人士說，美國(guó)的設(shè)施可以安全地回收物品。環(huán)保人士堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，通過提高消費(fèi)者對(duì)電子垃圾回收的最佳方式的認(rèn)識(shí)，可以減少垃圾填埋場(chǎng)中電子垃圾的數(shù)量。”由此可以推斷，人們可以用一種安全的方式處理電子垃圾。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

8.單選題

Alargebuildingmayhaveaheating（

）bywhichalltheroomaresteam-heated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliance

B.apparatus

C.furniture

D.equipment

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)appliance“器械，裝置”，側(cè)重指家用機(jī)器或設(shè)備，尤指家用電器；B選項(xiàng)apparatus“設(shè)備，儀器”，一般指復(fù)雜的儀器設(shè)備；C選項(xiàng)furniture“家具”；D選項(xiàng)equipment“設(shè)備，器材”，多指成套的或重型的設(shè)備或裝備。句意：大建筑物可能會(huì)有暖氣設(shè)備，所有的房間都是通過蒸汽加熱。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

Withthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,aninternationalmediumofexchangeisrequired.Fromthelate1800suntilWorldWarI,mostcountriesoperatedonthegoldstandard.Goldcoinsofstandardspecificationscirculatedfreelybetweencountries,makinggoldineffectaninternationalcurrency.Thissystemprovidedanautomaticcorrectionforsometradeimbalances,butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade),anditwasvulnerablytoshort-termchangesinthegoldsupply.

Afterthefinancialstabilityofthe1930s，theinternationalmonetarysystemwasre-builtfollowingWorldWarIIonthegold-exchangestandard.ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheUSdollar,reserveswerekeptindollars,whichwouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice($35anounceuntil1968).TheInternationalMonetaryFund,akeyinstitutionsetupunderthissystem,makesinternationalloanswithcapitalsubscribedbyitsmembers,whichincludemostnoncommuniststates.Votingrightsareproportionaltotheamountssubscribed.TheIMFhasbeenable,throughitsloans,tostabilizefluctuatingcurrenciesandtoinfluencetheinternalfinancialpoliciesofrecipientcountries,afrequentlycriticizedpractice.

Thesuccessofthegoldexchangestandard,however,dependedonthesuperiorpositionoftheUSinworldtrade.Inthe1960s,continualbalancepaymentsdeficitsloweredUSgoldreservesandfatallyunderminedthesystem.In1968atwo-tieredsystemwasadopted.Governmentbanksmaintainedafixedgoldprice,whilenonegovernmentalbuyerstradedfreely.Simultaneously,non-dollarspecialdrawingrightwereassignedtoIMFmembersinproportiontotheircontributions.Butthesechangesdidn’trelievethestrainontheUSdollar.In1971PresidentRichardNixonannouncedthatdollarswouldnolongerautomaticallybeexchangedforgold,andsincethentherehasbeennosingleinternationalmonetarystandard.

1.SinceWorldWarIItheinternationalmonetarysystemhasshownanoveralltrendtoward（

）.

2.Thereasonwhythegoldstandardhadlimitedliquidityisprobablebecause

（

）.

3.Thegold-exchangestandarddiffersfromthegoldstandardinthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.greatercentralizecontrolofworldtrade.

B.tryingthevalueofworldcurrenciesratherthanthevalueofgoldsupply

C.increasinglystablecurrencies

D.substitutingseveraldifferentmonetarystandardsforasingleunifiedstandard

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.themoneysupplycouldnotincreasefasterthanthetrade

B.themoneysupplyvariedindependentlyofthegoldsupply

C.itwasimpossibletoconvertthecurrencyofonecountryintothatofanother

D.anation’scurrencycouldnotbefreelyconvertedintogold

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itdoesnotestablishagenerallyacceptedinternationalmediumofexchange

B.itestablishesnorelationshipbetweenthevalueofagivencurrencyandthevalueofgold

C.therelationshipitestablishesbetweenthevalueofanycurrencyandwhateverthevalueofgoldisindirectratherthandirect.

D.itisatwo-tieredratherthanasingle-tieredsystem.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，原文第一段講了金本位制下黃金作為國(guó)際貨幣的不足之處；第二段提到國(guó)際貨幣體系取代黃金作為國(guó)際貨幣交換的媒介；再根據(jù)第三段最后一句“sincethentherehasbeennosingleinternationalmonetarystandard.從那時(shí)起，就沒有單一的國(guó)際貨幣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！币簿褪钦f出現(xiàn)了多種貨幣體系來代替統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade).但它幾乎沒有流動(dòng)性(貨幣供應(yīng)不能像擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易所需要的那樣迅速擴(kuò)張)?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheUSdollar,reserveswerekeptindollars,whichwouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice.大多數(shù)國(guó)家貨幣的價(jià)值與美元掛鉤是固定的，外匯儲(chǔ)備以美元形式保存，這些美元將在黃金需求時(shí)以固定價(jià)格兌換?！庇纱丝芍?，金匯兌本位制區(qū)別于金本位制是由于它在任何貨幣價(jià)值和黃金價(jià)值之間所建立的關(guān)系不是直接的，而是間接的。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

10.單選題

Youshould（

）yourselfwiththerelevantfactsbeforemakingadecision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquaint

B.acquire

C.acknowledge

D.attempt

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)acquaint“使熟悉，使認(rèn)識(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)acquire“獲得”；C選項(xiàng)acknowledge“承認(rèn)，答謝”；D選項(xiàng)attempt“企圖，嘗試”。句意：在做決定之前，你應(yīng)該熟悉相關(guān)的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

Itisa（

）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.debate

B.dispute

C.dilemma

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)debate“辯論，討論”；B選項(xiàng)dispute“辯論，爭(zhēng)吵”；C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難”；D選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：在如此富裕的國(guó)家竟然有那么多窮人，這是一個(gè)多么矛盾的事情。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

I’msurethatIcansoon（

）himintoacceptingourplan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.say

B.speak

C.talk

D.tell

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。talksbinto...表示“說服某人做某事”。句意：我確信我很快就能說服他接受我們的計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

Asnowfallconsistsofmyriadsofminuteicecrystalsthatfalltothegroundintheformoffrozenprecipitation.Theformationofsnowbeginswiththeseicecrystalsinthesubfreezingstrataofthemiddleandupperatmospherewhenthereisanadequatesupplyofmoisturepresent.Atthecoreofeveryicec