現(xiàn)在分詞用法與練習(xí)

1、現(xiàn)在分詞用法與練習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式及意義二、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能名稱形式意義與其邏輯主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系；與謂一般式doing語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生強(qiáng)調(diào)被動的動作現(xiàn)在分詞在進(jìn)行或與謂語being done的被動形動詞的動作同時式發(fā)生分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語之現(xiàn)在分詞having done前的完成式分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動現(xiàn)在分詞having been詞表示的動作之的完成被done前；分詞與其邏輯動式主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系例句The professor camein, following theheadmaster 教授跟著校長進(jìn)來了。The question beingdisc

2、ussed is veryimportant.現(xiàn)在正討論的問題很重要。Havingstudiedthemap，I know which wayto go 仔細(xì)看完地圖后，我知道該走哪條路了。Having been scolded many times by the boss ， he decided to leave 被老板責(zé)罵很多次后，他決定離開。1作定語單個的現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)前置定語，分詞短語充當(dāng)后置定語。但是，完成式的現(xiàn)在分詞不能用作定語。The swimming boy is my elder brother正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。Tell the boys playing over t

3、here not to make any noise 告訴那邊正在玩的男孩們不要制造噪。2作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)和特征，相當(dāng)于形容詞，其主語通常是物。一般跟在連系動詞be， get ， be，come， look ， sound ， feel ， keep， remain ， grow ， seem，appear等后面。Thestorysounds interestingThe news was disappointing這個故事聽起來很有趣。這個消息令人失望?！军c津】動名詞也可以作表語， 此時主語和表語是對等關(guān)系，可以互換位置。Your task is cleaning t

4、he windows（ =Cleaning thewindows is your task）你的任務(wù)是擦窗戶。3作補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞可以在 see，hear ，notice ，watch ，feel ，look at ， listen to ， observe ，have ， get ， leave ， keep ，set ，catch ， find等動詞 ( 短語 ) 后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語。I noticed a man running out of the bank when I gotoff the car我下車的時候注意到一個男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來。上面這類句子也可變成被動語態(tài)，這時，現(xiàn)

5、在分詞可看成是主語補(bǔ)足語。She was heard singingan Englishsong yesterday昨天有人聽見她在唱英文歌曲。A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 廚師若被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房內(nèi)抽煙會被解雇。3）with + 賓語 +v-ingWith so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.4作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。必須記?。簭木浜椭骶涞闹髡Z必須一致。(1)表示時間?，F(xiàn)在分詞表時間

6、時，相當(dāng)于when等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 Be careful when crossing the roadwhen you are crossing the road.）（ =Be careful過馬路時小心點。Having turned off the TV, he began to do hishomework關(guān)掉電視后，他開始做家庭作業(yè)。（=After he had turned off the TV he began todo his homework）(2)表示原因Beingsoexcited,sleep (=Becausecouldn t go to sleep.)sheshec

7、ouldn tgowassoexcited,因為她太興奮了，所以toshe睡不著。Not having receivedhis reply ，she decideda callto him（=Because she hadntreceireply, she decided to make a call to himto make ved his 因為沒有收到他的回信，她決定給他打個電話。(3)表示方式或伴隨，常相當(dāng)于一個and 引起的并列分句。The teacher came into the classroom, holding abook in his hand (=The teacher

8、 came into theclassroom and held a book in his hand.)老師手拿一本書走進(jìn)教室。 He came running into the room. (=He came and ran into the room) 他跑進(jìn)屋來。表示結(jié)果，常相當(dāng)于一個 and 引起的并列分句。這類狀語常放在句子的后半部分，分詞前往往有副詞 thus, thereby( 因此 ) 或 only ，并有逗號同前面的句子成分隔開，常可譯為“于是，所以，因而”等。這種分詞的邏輯主語既可以是句子的主語，也可以是前邊的整個句子。邏輯主語為前邊的整個句子時，其作用相當(dāng)于一個非限制性

9、的定語從句。The car was held up by the storm ，causing the delay. (=The car was held up by the storm and caused thedelay.)汽車被暴風(fēng)雨所阻擋，因而耽擱了。The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.(=Theold scientistdied allof a sudden, and leftthe project unfinished.)那位老科學(xué)突然去世，留下未盡的事業(yè)。 He turne

10、d off (=He turnedthe lamp, (thereby)offthe lamp, therebyseeing nothing. he saw nothing.)他熄了燈，什么也看不見了。A number of new machines were introduced fromabroad,thusresultinginanincreaseinproduction.(=Anumberofnew machineswereintroducedfromabroad,whichresultedinanincrease in production.)大量的新機(jī)器被從國外引入，導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)增加。

11、(5 )表示條件，常相當(dāng)于一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Working hard, youll succeed. (=If you work hard，youll succeed.)努力工作，你就會成功。表示讓步，常相當(dāng)于一個though 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Though feeling tired, Billy working.(=Though Billy felt tired, he didnhedidntstopt stopworking.盡管覺得很累，但比利并沒有停止他的工作。提示：如果現(xiàn)在分詞作時間，條件或者讓步狀語時，前面可以直接加相應(yīng)的連詞，如when,while,unless,

12、if ,though。Be careful when crossing the roadThough feeling tired, Billy he didnt stop working三、分詞的否定式分詞的否定式總是將否定詞not置于分詞之前， 遇上現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式、被動式以及完成被動式，否定詞應(yīng)置于整個結(jié)構(gòu)之前。Notknowing what to do next,she stoppedto wait 不知道下一步干什么，她停下來等著。Not having finished the homework, the little girldoesnt dare to go to school小女

13、孩沒完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。四、獨立成分作狀語有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：generally speaking總的來說；judging from / by根據(jù)判斷；speaking of說到；talkingof 談到；franklyspeaking 坦率地說；allowingfor考慮到。 Judging by his face, he was angry從他的臉色上看，他很生氣。The project will take about 8 months, allowing for delays caused by the rainy season.考慮到雨季

14、的耽誤，這項工程大約需要8 個月。Frankly speaking ，the car is not worth buying. 坦率地說，這部車不值得買。五基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題1.He sat there _ a novel.A. readB. readingC. readsD. had read2. Don t wake up the_ child.A. sleepB. sleptC. sleepingD. sleepy3.A proverb goes:A. rollB. rolling A _ stone gathers no moss C. rolled D. rolls.4.The heavy

15、rain kept us _ for two hours.A. waitB. waitedC. waiting D. to wait5. We found the baby_ on the floor.A. sleptB. sleepC. asleep D. sleeping6.Jack saw a woman _ near the dog , so he walked upto her.A. stoodB. standsC. to stand D. standing7._ our shoes in our hands , we crossed the stream.A. To carryB.

16、 CarryingC. CarriedD. Carry8._ my homework, I went home .A. HavingfinishedB.FinishedC. Being finished D.Finish9._ the door unlocked, I went in.A. FindingB. FoundC. Had foundD. Have found10._ a careless fellow, he forget all about it.A. Is B. Be C. BeingD. Was11. You must be careful when _ on the hig

17、hway.A.you drivingB. are drivingC. drivingD. youweredriving12.Engines are machines _ power or motion.A.produceB.producingC.producedD.whichproducing13Weather _ , we will have a picnic tomorrow.A. permit B. permits C. permitted D. permitting14.The vacation_ over ,thestudents came back toschool.A. is B

18、. are C. was D. being15._ the painting, he gave a sigh of relief.A. Finishing B. Has finished C. Being finished D. Having finished16._ the way to take, the traveller went on his journey.A. Telling B. Having told C. Having been told D. Have told17. Don t sit there_with this table.A.do_nothing. Come a

19、nd help meB.todoC.doingD. and doingThe wild flower looked like a soft orange blanket_the desert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD. to cover19. Toms never willing to alterany of hisopinions.It s no use_with him.A.toargueB.arguingC.arguedD. having argued20._ , the more expensivethe camera, the betterits qua

20、lity.A.GeneralspeakingB.Speaking generalC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speaking generally21.“You cant catch me!A.run” Jane shouted,_away.B.runningC.torunD. ran22. I couldt do my homework with all that noise_ .A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD. to go on23._formany years,the two brotherscant recognizeeach other.A. Bei

21、ng separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated24. The manager,_it clear tous that he didnt agree with us,left the meeting room.A.whohasmadeB.havingmademadeD. making25. Don t leave the water_while you brush your teeth.A.runC.B.running26.HavingbeenillinC. being runbedfornear

22、lyD. to runamonth,hehadahardtime_the exam.A.passB.topassC. passedD. passingHe looked around and caught a man_his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC. to putD. putting28. A cook willbe immediatelyfiredifhe is found_in the kitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC. to smokeD. smoked29. I couldnt f

23、ind my key to the car when_home.A.leavingB.toleaveC.leftD. having left30. Though_money,his parents A. lackedmanagedto send him to university.B.lackC.lackingD. lacked in31. The_girl was last seen_near the park.A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; playD. missed; to play.A. to repair bikesB. b

24、ikes to be repairedC. bikes being repairedD. repairing bikes32. The old man toldthe storyin a_voice and the littlegirlfeltvery _.A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frighteningC.frightening;frighteningD.frightened;frightenedDid you tell her the news?No, of course not.But_from what she said, she mus

25、t have known about it.A.judgeB.judgedC. being judgedD.judging34._fullpreparations,we decided to put offthe meeting tillnextweek.A. Not being madeB. Having not madeC. Making notD. Not havingmade六真題再現(xiàn)1.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door_ Sorry to missyou; will call later. (99)A. r

26、eadB. readsC. to readD. reading2.Recentlya survey_ prices ofthesame goods in two differentsupermarketshas caused heated debate among citizens.(11江蘇 31 )A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD.being compared3.The trafficrulesays youngchildrenunderthe age offour andlessthan40 pounds must be in a child saf

27、ety seat.(2010浙江 )A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD.weighingThe government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take moreresponsibility for the education of their children.（ 09 江西 34）A. forcedB. forcingC.tobeforcedD. having forced5.At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be hea

28、rd outside theclassroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closed（ 2007全國）C. being opened and closedD. to open and close6.The picture_ on thewallispaintedby my nephew. （2000北安春招 15）A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung7.After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him.

29、(2007 上海 )A. callingB. calledC. being calledD.tocall8.The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.（2000上海 39）A. missing; playingB. missing; play C. missed; playedD.missed;to play9.I wastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_Chineseintheschool,most _ were fromGermany. （2006 遼寧）A. study;ofwhomB. stu

30、dy;ofthemC. studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom10. Whilewatchingtelevision, _.（ 2005 全國）A. thedoorbellrangB. thedoorbellringsC. weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringsWhen _different cultures ,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.（ 2006 浙江）A.comp

31、aredB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared12. Can t you read? Mary said_ to the notice. (93)A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointingThe visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. (94)A. having addedB.

32、to addC. addingD. added14.The glassdoors have taken theplace ofthewooden ones atthe entrance, _in the natural light during the day. (2007天津 6)A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let15.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 abarrel on April 4.（ 2005山東）A.h

33、avereachedB.reachingC. toreachD.tobereaching16.More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage ofthe health and relaxation benefits.（ 2005 上海）A.takingB. takenC. havingtakenD.havingbeentaken17. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took heraway, _ in

34、to the woods.（ 2004 上海春招）A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. Seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing18.The manager, _his factory s products were poor in quality, decidedto give his workers further training.（ 2003安徽春招）A. knowingB. knownC. to knowD. being known19.Though _ money, his p

35、arents managed to send him to university.（ 2002上海）A. lackedB. lacking ofC.lackingD. lacked in21.Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,on your feet.(11 北京 )A. to keepB. keepingC. having keptD.tohavekept22.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by theearthqu

36、ake in Yushu,_ the studentsto return to their classrooms.（ 2010江蘇）A. enablingB. having enabledC. to enableD. to haveenabled23.Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,suppliesto Yushu,Qinghai Province after the earthquake.（ 2010 福建）A. sendingB. to sendC. having sent D. to have sent24.The

37、 lady walked around the shops,an eye out for bargains.（ 2010江西）A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep25.At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _ in a small apartment near Bostonand _ what todo about hisfuture.(09湖南 25)A. living; wonderingB. lived; wonderingC. lived; wonderD. living; wondered26. When we vi

38、sited my family home, memory came _ back.(09遼寧 22)A. floodingB. to floodC. floodD.flooded27. In April,2009, PresidentHu inspectedthe warshipsin Qingdao,_the60thanniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (09福建 )A. markingB. markedC. having markedD.being marked29. _ theirhats intothe air,the fansof

39、the winningteam letout loud shoutsof victory. (08A. To throwB. ThrownC. ThrowingD.Beingthrown31. _ in the fieldson a March afternoon,he couldfeelthe warmth of spring.(08安A. To walkB. WalkingC. WalkedD.Havingwalked32. We had an anxiouscouple ofweeks _ forthe resultsofthe experiment.(08 四川 )A. waitB.

40、to being waitingC. waitedD.waiting33.Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some _ a lifespan of around20 years.A. havingB. hadC. haveD. to have34.Thestormleft, _ a lotof damage to thisarea.（2005全國）A. causedB. tohavecausedC. tocauseD. havingcaused35.The manager, _ it clear to us that he didn t agree

41、 with us, left the meeting room.A. whohasmadeB. havingmadeC. madeD. making36.Dina,for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a positionat a local advertising agency.(2010湖南）A. strugglingB. struggledC.havingstruggledD.to struggle37. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up theriver.（ 01A. sufferingB. To sufferC. Having sufferedD. suffered38. _ thathe was in greatdanger,Ericwalked deeper intothe forest.( 08浙江 )A. Not realizedB. Not to r